Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
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- Опубликовано: 9 июл 2024
- Official Ninja Nerd Website: ninjanerd.org
You can find the NOTES and ILLUSTRATIONS for this lecture on our website at:
www.ninjanerd.org/lecture/acu...
Ninja Nerds!
In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be presenting on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). ALL is a type of cancer that affects the blood and the bone marrow. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!
Table of Contents:
0:00 Lab
0:07 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Introduction
0:42 Hematopoiesis Pathway
10:28 Pathophysiology
25:55 Diagnostic Approach to ALL
40:11 Treatment
48:24 Comment, Like, SUBSCRIBE!
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#ninjanerd #AcuteLymphoblasticLeukemia #leukemia
Thank you for sharing this info. My husband died of acute leukemia but I never got an explanation from a doctor. The illness was very fast (12 weeks, 5 days). Your videos (certain ones) are helping me make sense of the medical records I requested. I realize your audience is likely mostly medical students, but there may be people like me just trying to understand medical matters because sometimes patients and caregivers work with doctors who are too busy. I only learned what his dx was after his death from the dc. So thanks again for your videos and clear explanation.
It’s well
God bless you
❤
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that affects the white blood cells. White blood cells fight infection and help protect the body against disease. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer, however it also occurs in adults. It is more common for children to have ALL than adults, however the survival chance is less in adults then in children. The word “Acute” means that the disease usually gets worse quickly if not treated.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) affects a type of white blood cell called Lymphocytes, which come in 2 main types: B Lymphocytes and T Lymphocytes. ALL may arise from either type of Lymphocyte. Cases of ALL are either known as B Cell or T Cell ALL. B Cell ALL is the most common.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) causes people to produce too many immature white blood cells. Eventually, these cells crowd out normal white blood cells. Without enough proper white blood cells, the body has a harder time fighting infections.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) most often occurs in children aged 3-5 and affects slightly more boys than girls. ALL is most common in Hispanic children, followed by those of white and African-American descent. About 3000 people are found to have ALL each year in the United States. Siblings of children with Leukemia have a slightly higher risk of developing ALL, but the rate is still quite low: no more than 1 in 500.
Symptoms of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Include:
-Frequent Infections
-Fever
-Easy bruising
-Bleeding that is hard to stop (Nosebleeds or heavy menstrual periods)
-Flat, dark-red skin spots (Petechiae) due to bleeding under the skin
-Pain in the bones or joints
-Lumps in the neck, underarm, stomach, or groin (These are swollen Lymph Nodes)
-Pain or fullness below the ribs
-Weakness, fatigue
-Paleness
-Loss of appetite
-Shortness of Breath
-Dizziness
-Night Sweats
-Unexplained weight loss
-Anemia
Causes of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL):
In most cases, the cause of ALL is unknown. Certain inherited syndromes are linked to an increase of ALL, including Down’s Syndrome, Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Bloom Syndrome, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, certain forms of Fanconi anemia, Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency, Diamond-blackfan anemia, Familial PAX5 Syndrome, Familial ETV6 Syndrome, and Familial SH2B3 Syndrome. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) occurs when a bone marrow cell develops changes (mutations) in its genetic material or DNA. Normally, the DNA tells the cell to grow at a set rate and to die at a set time. In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, the mutations tell the bone marrow cell to continue growing and dividing. When this happens, blood cell production becomes out of control. The bone marrow produces immature cells that develop into Leukemic white blood cells called Lymphoblasts. These abnormal cells are unable to function properly, and they can build up and crown out healthy cells. It’s not clear what causes the DNA mutations that can lead to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Young children with ALL may have had genetic changes that happened before they were born. ALL in adults is linked to some carcinogens, including tobacco. Environmental risk factors include significant radiation exposure or prior Chemotherapy. Some hypothesize that an abnormal immune response to a common infection may be a trigger.
So sorry for your loss.
I've been waiting for this topic for a long moment thanks from the bottom of my heart Zach, we need more from Lymphoma.
Thanks again for your work we love you 💖💖💖
My college roommate passed away due complications while battling (ALL) 4 years ago. He was a 29 year old profession game developer (Married). Thank you for spreading awareness and I hope one day it can be more effectively treated.
R.I.P. Chris
I miss you friend
My 17 yo was diagnosed last week, we’re now in st Jude. He has the ALL -B cell😭
My bro diagnose this. Can u tell me the treatment process
@@andleebraja5678 Bone Marrow Transplant. He was in Texas undergoing other experimental treatment
Please continue the hematology Videos, You explain it so clearly. i will always be grateful and thankful to you ❤.
Ninja nerd is the best! I'm a student in the Medical Laboratory Scientist program, and this the best explanation I have ever experienced. You guys has taught me a lot especially when it's time for exams. Continue lecturing us and teaching us how to be better healthcare professionals. Thank you!
I'm a new Onc nurse and this saved me probably 2 weeks of studying with half the results and understanding. thank you so much, you're saving lives!
Dear doctor, I have been watching your videos for arounf 4 years now, and today I would like to thank you, kindly, for everything you have helped me understand, for everything you have teached me.... thank you, so much, for everything. I love you
You all are doing an amaizing job with this channel. Please never stop. Patiently waiting for multiple Myeloma, myelodisplastic and myeloproliferative syndroms videos as well as hodgking lymphoma ❤❤❤
Fantastic! Feels great watching a ninja nerd video after ages.
Its 20-3-23 1am In the hospital just been diagnosed with this trying find some comfort and figure out what im about to have on my plate thanks for explaining it i lost you fiew timez but i think i got it cheers
Hope you are ok! God bless you
You're a great educator! Thanks for this video (and all the others), please keep it up!
I am so glad I found these videos. You are a very talented educator!
That’s what i was looking for, brilliant work !
i cant thank you guys enough for this channel. This channel is everything for my studies. You helped me understand the most complicated topics that i cant seem to understand before. Big kudos to ninjanerd team! God bless
I have been waiting for this so long
Thank you! I think that you are one of the professors that made me like medicine by understanding it
Finally!!! The same topics are going on for me in my med school so I know I'm good cuz Zach is there to save the day
Lots of love from India❤
I have also watched the videos for Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma today and I just can’t express how much I appreciate you walking through the lymphoblast lines every single time. 😍
Much appreciation from Brazil! Thank you for your amazing work!
The long waited lectures. 🎉🎉🎉
Ty ma Zack 💓 ❤🎉 The best prof 🎉🎉
I love the channel, your drawings help me understand the topic in a second!
you are an amazing teacher.thnx for all the hard work u put to help us ✌❤️
Doing my masters on T-ALL! Thank you for the vid as always sir!
Excellent lecture.
Please upload more video about leukemia and anemia. This is really helpful.
Thanks a lot.
Yeeeeeeess!!!! You make things make sense 😭 I had the hardest time in heme class. This is great to review for my final semester!
I've been looking forward to this.
Thank you ninja nerd. Your lectures are very helpful
Great revision and summary as always. Thanks.
I’m a PA student in my second trimester. This video helped me so much for my clinical medicine and pathophysiology hematology/oncology section! Thank you! Have used your videos before and will continue to use them :)
Yay just in time for my rotation! Truly a lifesaver
You made hematology so easy to understsnd.Thank you sir
Thank you very much! Very informative and nicely explained.
Fantastic. My son was just diagnosed with ALL. This was very help to help me understand and communicate with his doctor.
My 17 was diagnosed last week. How’s your son doing??
Thanks for this illustration we really need it 😍
I freaking love you and your videos. You make it so much easier to understand. I don´t know why, but thank you so much!
Thanks so much professor,you interestingly make things so cheap
I just got diagnosed with LVH, and I'd like to learn a bit more about it if you have a video on it, or I'd appreciate a video on it. 😊 Thank you for your videos so far.
Thank you for this video my dad was diagnosed last month with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (Philly negative-)watching this video helped me understand what was going on with his body and what type of chemotherapy they were going to do on him.He went in with pain in his hip,couldn’t walk on it or even lift it up and no one knew why,after watching this video I learned it was from all the extra b-cells overproducing and crowding the bone marrow in his hip once they did the chemotherapy he was in no more pain and is able to walk now ,your video really did help explain what’s going I appreciate you from the bottom of my heart , I know we still got a long road ahead of us and I still need to do more research 🔬 but this vid game me a great heard start 👍
Thank you my guy for all the videos
Thankyou so much. It’s a great help to understand the disease and the treatment. God bless you
Thanks so much.....just when I needed it ❤
I love this! I had ALL as a teen 20 years ago, and it's so awesome to learn about what I went through. Thank you for this!!
Wow
Now you recovered right?
Plz update us if you don’t mind
How old was you when diagnosed
best lectures in my life.
Wow. Thank you sir❤.I have never understood "ALL "clearly like this
My mum has it, aged 74. She was in hospital for a month, then stayed at my sisters place for a couple of days and yesterday was readmitted due to high temperature and fever. I visited her today and she was exhausted and unable to concentrate. Her temperature has lowered towards normal. She is in a study program instead of receiving regular chemo. She is pumped with a chemical 24 hours a day via a pick in her arm. She is in the hospital where she began nursing and says she finds it interesting to be a patient there. She is the only human in the world who matters to me. Overpopulation of immature white blood cells is something I never imagined would be something I cared about. The medical expertise displayed by the video maker here is staggering. Unbelievable brain power to remember and understand all that.
Sorry to hear that. The doctors could be giving her Blinatumomab?
@@realreal5745 I think she and my sister use the term ‘bling’. In the last few days she’s found it very hard to construct a sentence and she was eating pills from the wrong days of the week when she was staying at my sisters house. She’s been readmitted to hospital where the night staff are apparently mean. She had already been in a ward for a whole month before she was discharged so I think she liked being at my sister’s house. They have emergency stopped giving her 24 hour bling. I don’t know what the next step is. Hopefully this chemobrain will reduce. I’ve never seen her like this before. Despite the MRI coffins, the lumbar punctures and the marrow biopsies, she has not experienced pain or complained (except about the hospital night staff). When I visited her ward, the endless beeping and people coming in and out all the time seemed infuriating. It appeared that hospital schedules are non existent and no departments speak to one another. Also the alarms going off all over the place seem to beep right beside the patient’s face when a fluid runs out, and it can take an hour or more before a nurse checks it. I pressed the call button once and it took an hour for them to arrive. This seems en par with waiting rooms in emergency, where there is no screen telling the patients what order they are in, despite it clearly being presented on a screen to the triage nurse. Do I really need to conduct a study on the psychological effects of being forced to wait to get laws put in place to punish organisations who keep customers and patients in the dark about how long they have to sit there? It’s just common sense, as is making alerts appear clearly for nurses and admin without disturbing sick patients. As well as bling medication, she’s had some transfusions, and is also being pumped with sodium chloride all the time. She can no longer hold her bladder at all.
The best tutor ever
I am à student nurse in France .... and I couldnt thankyou enough for your amazing tutos .. they are so easy to understand and retain !
You guys study medicine/ nursing in English ?
Amazing content and thank you so much for putting in the hours and effort.Stay blessed.
Thank you so much for these videos ❤❤❤
Thanks to your videos my teachers love me 😂❤ Thank you!!!
You are cool. Helped me to organize all data in my head for my PhD research:)
thank u so much for all of your great helpful content ❤
You are a legend bro! Thank you for your content
Hi sir ,I am watching your lectures more than anyone in the entire world,plz upload pathology notes and illustrations
Thank you so much for your efforts, really appreciate it
I needed this lecture thanks❤
LOVE THIS!!! YOU THE BEST!
Wow, quite impressive! Thank you!
Great revision thank you ❤
Amazing explanation as usual, thank you
I am 25 yrs old and have B-ALL myself. At the moment I am in the maintanance part of the treatment. All I can say is that it is such a horrible journey but there is no choice. The video is really in-depth and helps to understand in a lot of detail
I hope you heal well ❤️❤️❤️❤️ thank you for sharing your experience
God bless you! Get well soon! ❤
My mum has it too. I hope you get well soon
I am 39 and have B-ALL. Been good since stem cell transplant since 2021. Keep strong and I will be praying for you!
Speedy recovery
Many thanks Zach
Thank you for the lecture🎉🎉 In the lecture you made reference to AML lecture,but I didn't find any
And Finally Leukemia ❤❤
More Hematology lectures Please Sir .
Amazing as always ❤
writing my masters thesis about T-ALL, so glad to see you make a vid about this. You also carried me through my bachelors in biomedicine xD
Thank you for clear concept
U are amazing I’m in love with your videos and the ways to explain anything ♥️♥️♥️
Thank you for sharing this topic , I searched for this I didn’t found anything useful for me , I hope you continuing all lectures
Are you a doctor?
Thanks for the information!!!
Great presentation
Hematology yeeessssssssss!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Nooo
I hate hematology
@@fanzone59 why???
thank you sooo much for your great efforts ❤❤ I really neeeeed the AML video and other types of leukemias and lymphomas; as it'll help me a lot throughout this semester ❤
@Are you a doctor?
Amazing work as always sir Ninja, I have a question, can you teach us how to make a full objective structured clinical exam ?
Thanks for your help 🌸
Simply Amazing
awesome explanation
Thank you so much for your videos
You have a great way of explaining. I became curious about your undergraduate degree.
Thank you so much!!!
Thank u so much sir...I was able to give presentation very nicely becoz of u😊
can always depend on u in making me understand something complex
Love Ninja Nerd!!!!!!!❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
Excellent!!!
Please more hematology lectures please Dr zack
Love your videos thank u thank u!!
I've been waiting for this topic please help me for explaining other types of leukemia becuase i have exam in th next week thanks alot ninja nerd we love you keep going ,thanks again😍🥰🥰
Very interesting! I'm going to be starting my masters project in September on developing asparaginase based therapies for ALL
Thank you!
Amazing!!!
Thanks for this ❤❤❤❤
Sir , please do videos of remaining hematological diseases like myeloproliferative disorders,myelodysplastic syndrome
Thank you so much ❤
Easy to learn
Loved it👍
You such an incredible teacher I feel like you could run a medical school by yourself
Still need some deep explanation for some sub type. Of each leukemia.great job.thank you sir
Damn it took me a week just to grasp tge basic concepts of All and you eluded it all in merely 40 mins. You are a sagaicious Saintvof sorts, please keep uploading these videos ❤❤.
Thanks doc
Great dr. Ninja