Nectarine = Mutant Peach?!
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- Опубликовано: 9 июл 2024
- What makes a peach a peach and a nectarine a nectarine? A single genetic mutation!
Trying to document grad school one RUclips video at a time, from lab equipment to genetics lessons to interviews with other students! Each week is a new view into life as a grad student, and the rollercoaster that is getting a PhD.
2014 Paper: journals.plos.org/plosone/arti...
Cheek Cell DNA: • DNA Extraction! - Bite...
Dominant/Recessive Allele Noir: • Dominant vs. Recessive...
Twitter: @AlexDainis
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"Kawai Kitsune" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0
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(All thoughts and opinions are my own and do not reflect the thoughts or opinions of my institution.) 
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nectarines im obssessed with, dont really like peaches though, theyre too dry, nectarine are like 90% water theyre so delicious and refreshing. one of my favourite fruits
I don't know what you are talking about. Peaches are way juicier.
It's awesome to see science videos on youtube that actually show some lab work and not just read the wikipedia article.
FANTASTIC video! Even better than usual! I am sending this to everybody I know.
+jbrowsingj Thank you!! That helps so much!
This was a very good mash-up of your current vlogging style videos and your previous byte-sized capsules!
saw this on the trending page of youtube and im happy because you are making people learn. keep up the good work!
That's so cool! Who knew I was trendy ;)
I absolutely love your videos, have had a little crush on you for years. They're so informative and you can see you enjoy what you do, keep going, Alex!
I never would have guessed the visual difference in gel plates for the two fruits would be so striking. Great video!
Hey. Nice to see you here. ;)
You are so cool! I have never
seen any other video so interesting
You have a special talent
You did that better than my genetics professor.
I now get youtube ads for DNA polymerase. That's a thing...
the perfect explanation i wanted
My understanding of this is still a little fuzzy, but you inspire me to keep advancing in my own field, which is computer science. Thanks :)
Really cool video
Cool stuff.
So glad you do what you do, Alex. Interesting stuff, and you make it fun!
Wonderful, nice video. Thank you!
I am always amazed that 60 years ago, we didn't even know yet how genetic information is encoded, and these days we are able to isolate pieces like here, or even can calculate how a folded protein might look like. Science is amazing.
Super video...
niice, i understand that struggle now that i work in a genetics lab (although it's definitely not for me)
Very good....
is their a way to grow seedless strawberries
For summer themes, could do beach science? If you have a beach handy. Ooh or drought tolerance inducing endophytes, that's a bit planty/summery
Does the fuzz/no fuzz gene affect size? Peaches seem to be bigger than nectarines in the shops here (although yours look similar sizes)
Great vid!!
What a lovely video :)
What a lovely comment :)
You said it peaches
>_>
XD
Crabgrass. Why is it that crabgrass thrives in drought, which we are experiencing in New England (your old stomping grounds) right now, but turfgrass does not? Might there be a way to introduce the drought-loving properties of crabgrass into lawn grasses like fescues and bluegrass through the magic of genetics?
Bravo
There is a fruit I taste in Mexico call it Jobo...what it is? Where it came from? And Guapilla? And Hashis el bah?
So how exactly do you break open the cells and separate the DNA?
Make More Videos
Are all the different supermarket bananas sharing the exact same DNA because they are all a clone of the same original prototype hybrid?
But what if the fuzziness is determined by more than 1 gene ?
Old school mutation. Yeah, I can relate. I'm just like that. Just with video games.
Great vid! Have you done a video about CRISPR yet?
My problem with CRISPR is that I want to make, like, a feature length documentary on it! It's so cool! I have so much to say! So many people to interview! Making a single RUclips video is proving to be challenging...
Great video content! Sorry for the intrusion, I am interested in your initial thoughts. Have you researched - Dinanlinson Gym Creator Approach (erm, check it on google should be there)? It is a great exclusive product for learning a highly effective bodyweight workout program to strip fat off without the headache. Ive heard some great things about it and my close friend Aubrey at very last got great success with it.
Alex Dainis I’m I’m an investor in the crisper
This is glorious, I been tryin to find out about "are nectarines supposed to be soft?" for a while now, and I think this has helped. Have you ever come across - Giyaarter Unflappable Gratification - (should be on google have a look ) ? It is a good one of a kind guide for learning what to eat to balance hormones and eliminating trouble fat spots minus the normal expense. Ive heard some extraordinary things about it and my neighbour got excellent success with it.
Cheers for the Video clip! Forgive me for butting in, I am interested in your thoughts. Have you ever tried - Peyadison Initial Principality (just google it)? It is a smashing one of a kind product for discovering how to get rid of depression without the normal expense. Ive heard some extraordinary things about it and my coo-worker at very last got cool success with it.
The Peach looks more beautiful. The Nectarine looks like a plum?
It would be cool to talk about CAM plants or C4 plants as alternatives to C3 photosynthesis. Maybe get some pineapples (CAM plants) in there if you want to continue the fruit theme
You should see if you can do a video on DNA Barcoding! See if you can replicate the study that shows most supplements don't contain any of the item advertised on the bottle.
Ok, I have one: but it's not about fruits, it's about flowers. Do you know "petunia night sky"? It's a recent (I think) cultivar and I was wondering about the genetic and molecular mechanism that makes possible this beautiful pattern in flowers. Maybe has something to do with transposons?
Hey Alex, How longest do the people born after 1990 will live?
I love that you love this science stuff so much. Makes everything you say more exciting. Great stuff.
So, if pollen from a homozygous peach were to fertilize a nectarine flower, would the fruit be fuzzy or not? I'm thinking not. Nectarine trees produce nectarines.
I wonder if this is really the only difference. I feel like even if this is the only genetic change nectarines are usually picked/sold smaller and firmer.
(they were put there by a man)
Can you explain how cultivars work? I just learnt that cabbage, kale, Brussels sprouts, broccoli and cauliflower are all the same plant (i.e. same species). They are all cultivars of the same plant. Is it similar to how we have numerous breeds of dogs, but they are all the same animal (i.e. same species) or cultivars are something different?
The coolest thing about this video is There's another Woman Doing Science on the WEB! How great for little girls to see they can grow up and do cool science stuff!
Nectarines are like giant plums.
In the graphic at 3:00, it states that that the nectarine-specific allele segment is "too long, no amplification." What does that mean? I've worked with PCR a few times in my current undergraduate studies, I don't recall anything about segments not replicating because they are too big. I would have expected lower amplification levels, but not none. Or were you controlling for that during the PCR?
Good catch! The PCR amplification step was pretty short, so the polymerase should not have had time to amplify such a large chunk. However, I used a slightly different polymerase than the one in the original paper, and it's actually quite fast, so you *can* see some potential faint, large bands at the very top of the nectarine lanes! But ideally the amplification step should have been too short for them to appear! There is eventually a size limit to what you can amplify with PCR, but with current enzymes it's in the tens of thousands of bases...
Alex Dainis Thank you for your response. That does make sense that longer section would produces less in short time frames.
Does grafting eventually change the DNA of a plant if you move down the generations?
example,
graft plant B onto plant A
Take seed of grafted Plant B and Grow Plant C
Graft plant C onto plant A
take seed of grafted plant C and grow plant D
etc, will at some point the DNA of the new graft take on some of the DNA of Plant A?
pretty sure this is common with apples.
paesh is an cermet named paesh...
I would love to do some DNA insertions with you. It would be fun to see what little mutants we would have together. You look to have some real great DNA, I wonder if you are a peaches or nectarines.
WOW! Well, that was wow.
Hey, could you do Hybrids? like Plumcot or something?
Well, they are deliciously intriguing.
But if that's all it is how come the insides taste slightly different..? Peaches tend to be more juicy and softer, plus a slightly different overall taste inside
There are additional genes that can differ between varieties of peaches and nectarines that give different colors, textures, taste, etc, but this is the one that defines the "nectarine" phenotype.
Alex Dainis mhmmm....mhm. I c
Does that mean a heterozygous tree could produce both peaches and nectarines depending on what pollinates it? Could it be growing both at the same time?
I asked a similar question, but I'm thinking the fruit would be determined by the DNA of the tree that grew it. Only the seeds would be hybrids.
Another all-around great video! Intentional or not, the little tongue-slip into the up-state 1950's accent at the end was great. I can't hear the word "allele" and not picture a beautiful dame in a little black dress myself. haha They say peach-fuzz protects the fruit from rainwater and parasites, but I wonder if the hairless nectarine has another evolutionary advantage, perhaps in a different environment?
does that happen when people get bald?
Great video! In 1997 I did a lab on the Lac operon gene on E. coli when I studied biochemistry. You mean that science hasn't come up with a better solution to electrophoresis and messing with that gel shit yet?
Don't hate on electrophoresis gels! They're my absolute favorite thing to run in lab. I find pouring/loading the gel to be very calming.
Is that single gene responsible for all the differences between peaches and nectarines? or just the fuzz. Like they taste different, they have different textures, different smells ...
Fantastic video btw.
Oh no, there are additional genes that give both peaches and nectarines different characteristics. Both come in yellow/white varieties, some have different tastes, etc. But this is the gene that defines the "nectarine" phenotype.
I looked through the paper and didn't see the length of the inserted segment. Do you know how many base pairs were added to make the recessive allele? Also, does anyone know where the additional DNA came from: bacteria, virus, transcription error, etc.?
It looks like it was from a retrotransposon! Transposons are chunks of DNA that hop around in the genome, and seem to be especially abundant in plants. The "retro" in this one means that it has an RNA intermediate when doing it's "hopping." I'll have to go back through the paper to figure out how long the insertion was.
Thanks for getting back to me!
Awesome. Thank you!
I'm loving your channel! (I have found it through the "Valentine's day" video by Inés!) In particular this video is great! I have only taken a very basic introductory course in cell and molecular biology, and I have found it amazing to have it all shown in a practical example in the lab! And I believe that it is the first time that I could understand how the game of dominant and recessive gens work at the molecular (DNA) level. I would love if you could make a video explaining how PCR works in more detail (as you somehow have promised in this video!)
I would love to make a video describing PCR in more detail! It's on it's way. I have big plans for it! And I'm so glad that you enjoy the channel and are learning some things along the way!
So freaking cool! haha and what a lovely clear gel result to look at. I really appreciate it after looking at confusing diamers/monomers for weeks on gels
I really don't know why I waited so long to watch this video when it was just AMAZING. Super interesting and very educational, thanks Alex :)
Thank you for watching! This one is one of my favorites :)
I heard on a radio talk that there may be evidence that rice in Asia is descendent from ancient grains cultivated by Australian Aboriginal. Could you use DNA testing to investigate this?
The radio talk was about the book Dark Emu, Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident?
That's just peachy! Verrrrry interesting stuff, especially the part about how you make the fragments visible in the gel, I have learned many things today!
This video is.... beyond awesome! Thank you 383 times.
Great video ! It was so captivating and intersting(it is the first time I see a genetics experiment done in a lab), I couldn't stop smiling while watching it....genetics is simply incredible. I hope to be able to study this after I finish hight school. Can you make a video about the genetics behind the evolution of wheat ? If I remember right the names(and I write them correctly :)), it was from T. monococcum(diploid) to T. aestivum(hexaploid)
Oh yeah, wheat is definitely a cool story! Maybe I could get a plant biologist to talk to me about it too!
Awesome video! Congrats!
Who is going to bring in those mutant peaches; bring them into justice?
The fuzz
Nice Video, I didn't know that before :) And I really like the animations and pictures. What program did you use for these?
I draw everything in Adobe Illustrator and then animate in Adobe After Effects. It's not perfect, but it works!
Thanks, I don't know how much work that was, but I like the result :)
What a clear, concise, and informative video! This would be a great resource for the biology classroom.
Thank you! This is one of those videos where I envisioned it being really helpful to classes learning how to do some basic lab skills some day!
I'm going to call them 'fuzziless peaches' from now on.
love the video !!!
I bought a packet of seedless seeds. Now I can grow my own! :D
Um, that doesn't make sense. How can they be seedless seeds...?
@@mushroomhead3619 no seeds in the seeds duh
Who did the animation here? A contributor deserves mention and didn't get it.
+MJ NYC I did :) Seems silly to mention myself.
fantastic video, thank you so much
Duck billed platypus please
Princess Peach B*tch Peach B*tch Peach B*tch Peach!
Wow, great video.
How does that work with seedless grapes? How do they reproduce?
Seedless grapes do have seeds but they have a mutation that stops a hard layer forming. They reproduce by humans making cuttings and grafting parts of these mutants onto a root system of a grape vine. In Europe most grapes are grafted onto american grape vine roots to stop an infection that is very virulent to european grapes.
Like how bananas reproduce. 'Normal' bananas have seeds, but I have never seen banana with seeds in my entire life.
KiloOscarZulu
Bananas have very tiny seeds that you don't notice you're eating, right? Just like, strawberry seeds, they too are hardly noticed when eating the fruit.
I have seen wild banana seeds. They are like small stones or like pepper seeds. There were 100s of them in a single banana.
Great video. Thank you.
But how could this genome insertion have happened many thousands of years ago? I mean, nowadays we've got labs for that kind of stuff and you could probably do it in your lab, but how did this happen in a world where humans hadn't even discovered technology (or only rudimentary ones like the fire or maybe the wheel)?
Because nature did it, not humans! This all happened within the peach. Small or large DNA changes like this are how organisms can acquire new traits and evolve!
If I am not mistaken, it could have been a virus that caused it. Is that right?
The paper talks a bit about it coming from a retrotransposon (from another comment I made: Transposons are chunks of DNA that hop around in the genome, and seem to be especially abundant in plants. The "retro" in this one means that it has an RNA intermediate when doing it's "hopping.") Now if that sounds a lot like a virus to you, you're right. In the paper, they mention that they find many areas that "match" this insertion in other areas of the peach genome, "thus confirming the existence of other copies of this LTR-retroelement in the reference peach genome." It is unclear to me from what they've written if they believe that this is the first instance of that retroelement (which then "jumped" to other places in the genome) or if one of those other locations "jumped" to this fuzz-gene.
Loved this - and isn't it great when things work first time? :D
Now if only that happened with my actual experiments!
Heehee - I will admit I was thinking exactly the same! :D
Love it.
Very nice and knowlable but it's little complicated...its would better if you explain it benefits for an ordinary person in simply language..but nice work
Oh yeah! thats SO cool, I mean, to SEE the science working, the results on the screen after all the process. Even though we know how it works and that it should produce some specific result I always get that excitement when i see the thing that I've put there to do something really doing that. I dont know, it's like when you have that idea in your mind but you really see how it looks like when you say it out loud or write it down.
Keep up with that kind of videos. awesome!
Yes yes yes! I wanted people to get to see the science, not just hear about it! Thank you!
I love this kind of stuff...I love knowing about the fruits that I love so much. You're very good at this...very smart and informative...and you're cute too!😇
MORE! MORE VIDEOS LIKE THIS!
I love to see these byte-sized science videos back!
How about some more story on genetically "evolved" / modified fruits in general?
Like how science achieved the seedless bananas we eat nowadays (probably similar to your seedless watermelon video).
Wow, awesome video! I'm so ignorant about genetics that a video like this, with your amazing ability to communicate well, made my day a bit brighter :) thank you!
This video was very informational thanks! You were also lovely as usual. #doscience!
Would love to hear your thoughts on CRISPR
I just felt educated with a PhD. In Botany after watching this video. ,😅
Thanks for the simple breakdown of the information. İt was very helpful.
with the news of genetic modification discoveries lately give us your take and a slight touch up on how it works
diet
C0nc0rdance tipped me off to your channel! Awesome work.
Well I'm glad he did! Welcome!
She is my favorite youtuber :)
She's beautiful i love everything she said about DNA
This was great, thanks, been searching for "peaches nutrition facts and health benefits" for a while now, and I think this has helped. You ever tried - Giyaarter Unflappable Gratification - (should be on google have a look ) ? It is a great one off guide for learning what to eat to balance hormones and eliminating trouble fat spots minus the headache. Ive heard some extraordinary things about it and my neighbour got amazing success with it.
I don't see what all the fuzz is about (sorry, had to be done). Peaches are tastier anyway. :-P
Nectarines tastes so much sweeter 90% of the time. Why so?
And it’s a different taste. I love nectarines, but peaches are just ok.
Can't stand peaches, love nectarines.
How can I change my fat, old genetics teacher for you??? jejejeje cool video!!
🥵😂