How far we've come in just my, as yet short, lifetime. As a teenager they were still mapping the human genome. Now we've figured out how and where to edit that genome to solve diseases. Caution is warranted, but I wish more people were impressed and inspired by this than afraid.
@@leeleitanmonica7128 so you never go to doctor or take medicines? And I’m sure in a life threatening situation you will not call ambulance and spoil gods plan.
@Ortu Solis I'm not sure about those conspiracy theories but now as we have a potential for a cure for these viruses, I am optimistic that someday these diseases would be able to be considered ''mild''
My son is a monoculture genetic scientist. He was mentioning recently that he was going into this specific study. Right on track and not worth explaining to people like you.
I'm so fascinated.. I'm a premed and studyin to crack the first entrance exam but i never thought that everything I'm learning is so amazingly wonderful .. it's so vast .. like how do these chemicals know what to make and what to stick to..and who to interact with... it has to do with reactions.... i didn't know that things I'm learning is not just a part of a chapter but rather a part of me..part of my beloved environment... so important and fascinating .. but i don't give em the respect they deserve..
It was effective in curing 22 of 45 Sickle Cell patients in a recent study. The patients are still being observed for close to one year now. If it succeeds, it will revolutionize medicine. It seems to be working now as 49% rate, if maintained, can be improved upon.
It's a technology that I couldn't understand well even if I read a related book, but after watching this video, I was able to understand Crisp's concept properly.
Thanks for making this video! I'm currently in high school and I'm super interested in things genetics related so I'm super grateful to have encountered this video with simple enough explanations for someone like me!
10:29 while it's true that the HDR(or HR) is done mainly in Archea, it's wroth noting that it's also a system used by eukaryotic cells during meiosis or mythosis and can be used to modify the DNA with insertions
I actually work at Temple University in the center for neurovirology and genome editing, and we are one of the labs developing the cure for HIV using CRISPR. We are also working on using CRISPR for a CCR5 knockout to make HIV infection impossible. Dr. Kamel Khakili is the department chair, and my boss, Dr. Tricia Burdo, is the vice-chair
Hello from Penn! I am also using CRISPR-derived platforms to induce a CCR5 KO for HIV-1 resistance. Personally, I'm a bigger fan of neutralizing the provirus, but I have to accept that the CCR5 edit is immensely more practical. I love the work ya'll are doing - I think of Temple as the tip of the spear when it comes to CRISPR/HIV-1 work (and Dr. Khalili's lab sure is something!). Keep it up!
@@kevinnewcombe7682 that's awesome! Is your lab part of the Delaney Collaboratory? I know we have collaborators at a bunch of different schools all working on that project, a big part of which is CCR5 KO
@@Bigboibeven My last two labs were both part of the Delaney Collab, but I've just begun my PhD and am currently rotating in a lab outside of the Collaboratory. Though I've been involved in other HIV-1 cure research efforts for several years (high-fidelity disease modeling, metabolomics, and CAR T stuff), it's wonderful to be doing work even closer to my long-term interests!
@Kevin Newcombe that's great! I'm currently just a tech, but plan on entering a PhD program Fall of 2024. I personally don't do any of the CRISPR for the Delaney, but I do all the PBMC isolations for all monkey blood draws and process and store all monkey samples for the study
@@Bigboibeven I was also a tech before starting grad school! It's a phenomenal way to build relevant experience. I have fond memories of doing my ficoll isolations for PBMC, lol. The monkey stuff sounds very cool, I haven't done much simian research other than brain cryosectioning for HAND-adjacent studies. They're super important for sure!
I learned of this several years ago, and am familiar with the work of Jennifer Goudna. I have a degree in Microbiology. Prof Dave has done very well covering this, and I now am learning much more.
James Hopkins, You probably wouldn't support it if you were a potential target. What if we don't want to be 'cured'? That's why we started The Neurodiversity Movement, clinics and other people don't have the right to eradicate us from existence just because we're different, it is racism and discrimination. There's no doubt in my mind they are going to use it as an eugenics tool just like abortion. Just because you can do something doesn't mean you should.
Thank you for finally making me understand the actual mechanism of the Cas9 protein. I'd love something on the pros and cons of NHEJ vs. HDR processes if you ever find the time to make a video about it!
Professor Dave as a Indian student I would like to know the ways and techniques which you use to understand these complex topics . Moreover I would like to know the books you study for your knowledge of subjects like physics , Chemistry , chemistry . Your knowledge is free of cost and most importantly it's best
Genuinely curious about this suggestion. Are you saying that you would modify Tregs using Crispr to keep them away from the tumour site? How would you accomplish that? Especially considering the possible autoimmune costs to the patient. Or did you mean that antibody blockades would be applied?
Very good explanation. Much better as the courses that I followed in my master’s degree where I needed to read tons of articles to get to this point. Thank you very much, please continue biotechs videos.
The question that needs answering is "how do we discern a disease?" Autistic people, ADHD, Down Syndrome, Bipolar etc... the vast majority of people diagnosed including myself don't want to be cured and it's our life. This is basically the completion of the first step of the discriminatory racist eugenics movement, they have already casted us out, the "artificial selection" is completed. All they have to do now is rub us out of existence. It's hard to believe the public can't see things as what they actually are. If you look up when all these disabilities became perceived as disabilities, it was in the eugenics after Francis Galton coined the term "eugenics" even though they trace back 100,000s of years. Intellectual disability was created by eugeneticists by their bias IQ, autistic people tend to complete the RPMT 40% faster than nonautistic people. CRISPR-Cas9 is actually acting upon false assumptions known as neo-Darwinism. Mutations are not random and they are essential to adaptation as well as diversity. Evelyn Fox Keller explains: "We now know that mechanisms for enduring genetic stability are a product of evolution. Yet a surprising number of mutations in which at least some of these mechanisms are disabled have been found in bacteria living under natural conditions. Why do these mutants persist? Is it possible that they provide some selective advantage to the population as a whole? Might the persistence of some mutator genes in a population enhance the adaptability of that population? Apparently so. New mathematical models of bacterial populations in variable environments confirm that, under such conditions, selection favors the fixation of some mutator alleles and furthermore, that their presence accelerates the pace of evolution."
@@danielmoore4024 Nobody wants to treat Aspergers with CRISPR/Cas9 but rather debilitating metabolic dieseases that cause intense suffering or death. Genetic engineering laws here in Germany are very strict.
@@Mulmgott I make my own videos under a separate account and have spoken much on eugenics and CRISPR, on them you’ll hear me say I approve and agree with using biotechnology to cure things like sickle-cell anemia. I point out my overall argument is the science community can’t keep equating uncommon differences as disorders, that we need a legitimate definition of what is a disease. According to today’s scientists, statistical deviation = disease which is plain thick and stupid of them, normativity is an ideology, the fact the whole field about disease is a cultural value judgement and not legitimate science people can’t be trusted to not start another Holocaust on disabled people. As I point out in my videos, there’s clinical websites saying CRISPR is a great hope to eradicate autism, ADHD, down syndrome, dyslexia, and other disabled people. They already approve genocide on individuals who test positive for down syndrome, they don’t allow disabled people to donate embryos, the fact they already approve of genocide, using abortion as an eugenics tool, there’s the evidence they will abuse it.
Excellent explanation! I had watched another video, and I still had trouble understanding this technology, but your video made it much clearer! Thanks!
thank you professor Dave, i know it took me a while to find it, but i have been looking for this video since 2015, i am trying to self learn genome editing with Crispr for what my biotech teachers (back when we had to guide genes with chemical reactions) told me was the only ethical idea i had, i want to splice human blood with "plant blood" for a lack of a better term to generate food and oxygen to end world hunger and assist in space travel. the only issue i am running into with my studies is the human body is still designed to eat, so hunger pains will still exist but theoretically with the right set of genes from plants introduced into the human body should provide all the nutrients and calories from sunlight alone
WOW!! Luckily I've subscribed to this channel and saw this video discussing CRISPR, because I just learned about it this week. Thanks for your insight!
This video is simply brilliant!☁️✨Thank you so so SO MUCH for explaining it in such a good way!☁️✨Am writing my thesis about genome editing with crispr cas9 and found this🔝 extremely helpful!☁️✨Thank you!☁️✨
GREAT vid, but so much missing; 1.) how and by what is new foreign dna recognized in first place? if there is a mechanism, that is able to catch upon unfamiliarity of new dna withou some foreign DNA reservoir, then why there is other immunity system with such a reservoir needed? 2.) how can we get particular segment of crRNA to synthetise sgRNA; this deed itself implies our ability to precisely cut out such a segment without Cas9...?
One thing I am interested in is the exact mechanism by which the desired genes are delivered to a target site? For example, lets say you want to change skin colour or density in a specific part of the body, how does one actually go about applying it? If ZFN is not utilizing a viral catalyst, then what is the (presumably liquid) solution being administered, and is this solution proprietary? Do I have to pay a lab somewhere to create a soup loaded with the gene modifiers I want? Can it be applied directly to the skin to take affect?
Great overview of CRISPR-Cas9, Professor Dave! I remember a few years ago when the podcast "Stuff You Should Know" covered CRISPR. They were pretty light on the biomechanics, which you cover here in much greater detail. Their podcast focused largely on the ethical concerns about CRISPR. There was also an interesting bit on using CRISPR to turn cells into "mini-CRISPRs." That is, using CRISPR to encode a gene to, itself, produce CRISPR. In other words, this is kind of "permanent CRISPR" that would ensure the CRISPR-modified gene would also remain modified from generation to generation. Incredible, and, if in the wrong hands, incredibly scary. I wonder what your own thoughts are on the ethics of using CRISPR on the human genome? Do you think we'll ever get to the point where we have "made to order" babies using CRISPR, or something like it?
What is defined as a disease is my concern, can you recall homosexuality defined as a pathological disorder? Hitler and racial hygiene? Why were alternative races defined as diseases? Humans clearly cannot be trusted, they will no doubt abuse people with it with selfish motives. I am autistic and I don't want to be cured of the gifts that come with it, they should not have the right to change people without our consent, it is racism and discrimination. Molecular biologist Miroslav Radman writes, "Mutagenesis has traditionally been viewed as an unavoidable consequence of imperfections in the process of DNA replication and repair. But if diversity is essential to survival, and if mutagenesis is required to generate such diversity, perhaps mutagenesis has been positively selected for throughout evolution." Evelyn Fox Keller explains: "We now know that mechanisms for enduring genetic stability are a product of evolution. Yet a surprising number of mutations in which at least some of these mechanisms are disabled have been found in bacteria living under natural conditions. Why do these mutants persist? Is it possible that they provide some selective advantage to the population as a whole? Might the persistence of some mutator genes in a population enhance the adaptability of that population? Apparently so. New mathematical models of bacterial populations in variable environments confirm that, under such conditions, selection favors the fixation of some mutator alleles and furthermore, that their presence accelerates the pace of evolution." The mutants behind autism offer some great advantages to the human race, diminishing the genes is a great risk because without those mechanisms there is no asurety of genetic stability pushing us in the direction of extinction. Psychologist Howard Gardner warns: "With the coming of age of genetics, the danger magnifies. Beyond doubt we will discover genes that are important for reading alphabetical scripts; and there is already evidence that a small set of genes may be related to reading problems. As with the brain evidence, such information can be helpful for early intervention; but it could easily be used for stigmatising purposes. Indeed, it might become relevant for marriage prospects, holding a job, securing insurance, or even eugenic purposes. And no doubt, especially in our interventionist society, individuals with a genetic predisposition for reading problems will look into different kinds of genetic engineering or therapy. It is possible that such interventions will work and have no negative side effects, but it is perhaps more likely that they will have unanticipated effects. And we might even want to consider which valued human abilities - eg. spatial or pattern recognition skills - might be placed at risk were we to target our interventions specifically at reading disorders." We can see the vast majority of so called diseases for what they are; they are discriminatory social constructions, not an intention to objectively understand human biology. Were global warming, warmer oceans, production of epidemic diseases, climate change, increased natural hazards and more anticipated. I doubt it so I would say Howard Gardner has a good point, every time humans have tried to play God and control nature nature struck humans back with greater problems, the people trying to solve the problems are the people who caused the problems and are trying to solve those problems repeating the same mistake to cause more problems.
@@danielmoore4024 You make some very good points, Daniel. Having been around biopharmaceutical development for quite some time, I might take exception to the notion that the "vast majority" of diseases are social constructions. While there are some "diseases" that might be classified in this way, I'd offer that the "vast majority" of diseases are so classified because they actually conform with all of Koch's Postulates. For example, homosexuality is not a disease because there is no known organism or virus that can isolated in someone who is (or claims to be) homosexual, reproduced, then transferred to a heterosexual host whom we observe to then become homosexual. It is understandable to be fearful of flawed human intentions, but science is sufficiently rigorous to be dispassionate. Also, despite what you may witness through lens of media, the vast majority of people who work on the development of genetic breakthroughs, like CRISPR, are extremely concerned about how these technologies could be leveraged by amoral ne'er-do-wells.
@@glennpearson9348 To be more specific when I say diseases, I'm referring mainly to neurological differences and genes that make a brain function more differently like autism, ADHD, learning disabilities, dyslexia, intellectual disability, Down Syndrome etc... I assume you've heard of "The Neurodiversity Movement". In the 19th century pathology was corrupted by Francis Galton basing everything on the concept of "normal", pathology was no longer defined by pathology, it became "difference = pathological" like: "homosexuality = difference = pathological" proven by the fact they were trying to cure LGBTQ+ as recently as 50 years ago, and that they're in the DSM 1st edition. Those of us autistic are only defined as pathological because of differences to the social norm. There's no doubt in my mind that as evolution continues more minorities will be identified and automatically labelled pathological and don't deserve to live, abortion is already been used as an eugenics tool which is why I'm against screening and know we are going to be abused. The disabilities I listed bring abilities that nondisabled people are incapable of, which raises the question why isn't the majority that can't do what disabled people can do defined as disabled as well? I don't see why our difficulties must be cured if the difficulties of nondisabled people don't need to be cured. What I see being overlooked is "proportion". Things need to be kept proportional, enhancing everything to the maximum will take things out of proportion, and why do they feel the need of enhancement if there's nothing wrong with them? They clearly recognise their dichotomy and false sense of superiority over minorities, and who decides what's desirable as desirable is an opinion, like in order for The Neurodiversity Movement to be persisting there must be people who find these genes desirable and others undesirable.
But if the DNA sequence that wants to be edited doesn't have a PAM sequence, is the CRISPR system able to do the cut? Isn't the PAM sequence a limitation of where can CRISPR system work?
I don't understand, with this technology, can we really design ourselves as we want, from our skin color to our hair color and even our eye color, without being reborn? Is this really, really possible
I suspect once someone actually changes those things, in one way or another, we'll find out 'too late' that those changes have affected other things we had no idea it would result in that way.
So for Doudna and Charpentier’s effector complex, the sgRNA doesn’t need to be complementary to the palindromic DNA? Just any nucleotide sequence would do?
Thank you! I need to write a paper on scientific innovations involving transcription and one of my paragraphs will be about CRISPR-Cas9. This video was very informative, detailed and complex enough to be used in a scientific paper
How did they figure this out? like at 6:54 how did they figure out that the complex recognizes a short sequence of the viral genome and then it gets cut out? I mean what is the technique to "watch" that process happen?
hi i was just wondering at 1:51 you mention that the short sections are specifically palindromic repeats. Isn't DNA one large palindrome? thanks for the video..:)
This emoji was me throughout this whole video 🤔🤔🤔 Very fitting! And very well explained! Thanks ever so much, Professor 🧐 Love from Portugal! (which isn't that far from Italy 😉)
Not to hate on Bozeman, but I find Dave's explanation better (more thorough and more supporting info), with the graphics being fitting and very informative.
Hello Ma’am, I started doing the Stotra and today’s is 37th day. The reason I was doing this stotra was for my daughter to pass her school exams. I followed the process just as instructed but somehow instead of helping me both my daughter and myself have gone through immense stress and pressure and in the end my daughter observed failure in her exam. Especially since she was so prepared and so ready for the exam she froze in the exam and couldn’t answer many of the questions. This was so unexpected and new. Never had happened to her. I wonder if I have been doing anything incorrect in the process. Please guide.
What should I learn to understand genome before using machine learning in this field,? I am a machine learning student and I want to apply ml to genome - which is an entirely new field for me - so what should I learn about genomes or requirements for genome for me to have enough knowledge to start applying ml in genomes field? In that it's is to the point and enough for an ml student. Thanks prof Dave
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
How far we've come in just my, as yet short, lifetime. As a teenager they were still mapping the human genome. Now we've figured out how and where to edit that genome to solve diseases.
Caution is warranted, but I wish more people were impressed and inspired by this than afraid.
Im waiting for CRISPR antidepressants :D
Ikr!!!!!!!(the original comment)
Waiting for CRISPR to cure Herpes and HPV, eventually HIV. Everybody deserves a second chance in life!
@@leeleitanmonica7128 so you never go to doctor or take medicines? And I’m sure in a life threatening situation you will not call ambulance and spoil gods plan.
@Ortu Solis I'm not sure about those conspiracy theories but now as we have a potential for a cure for these viruses, I am optimistic that someday these diseases would be able to be considered ''mild''
Best explanation of gene slicing that I’ve seen so far.
I have a molecular biology exam in 40mins
I have it in 8 lolllll
@@NO-tf1mj all the best man
Howw was it
@@ronosheykatemauswa3727 it was awful but I passed
@@keithyagami125nice
My son is a monoculture genetic scientist. He was mentioning recently that he was going into this specific study. Right on track and not worth explaining to people like you.
The best CRISPR video on RUclips
this video was so 'CRISP' and clear. absolutely loved this, thank you sooo much! Keep making such videos
This is one of the most detailed and clear videos, thank you so much
This modular explaination by you makes the biomolecular mechanism behind CRISPR look easy. Thanks!
Excellent! I was just coming up to my Clinical Genetics final and this was one of our last topics. It helped a bunch! Wish me luck.
hey, do u go to med school?
How was it?
I'm so fascinated.. I'm a premed and studyin to crack the first entrance exam but i never thought that everything I'm learning is so amazingly wonderful .. it's so vast .. like how do these chemicals know what to make and what to stick to..and who to interact with... it has to do with reactions.... i didn't know that things I'm learning is not just a part of a chapter but rather a part of me..part of my beloved environment... so important and fascinating .. but i don't give em the respect they deserve..
It was effective in curing 22 of 45 Sickle Cell patients in a recent study. The patients are still being observed for close to one year now. If it succeeds, it will revolutionize medicine. It seems to be working now as 49% rate, if maintained, can be improved upon.
That video was amazing. Thanks for helping all of us as always Professor Dave.
Whoa!! That that was a lot of information! I'll have to watch this a few more times before I really get my head around it
It's a technology that I couldn't understand well even if I read a related book, but after watching this video, I was able to understand Crisp's concept properly.
Thanks for making this video! I'm currently in high school and I'm super interested in things genetics related so I'm super grateful to have encountered this video with simple enough explanations for someone like me!
Way to go , professor dave ,never stop making videos ....
10:29 while it's true that the HDR(or HR) is done mainly in Archea, it's wroth noting that it's also a system used by eukaryotic cells during meiosis or mythosis and can be used to modify the DNA with insertions
Absolutely the best video about CRISPR/CAS !
Following you right away!. Having spent all my graduate and postgraduate studies in biotechnology, I found this very useful. Thanks, Prof👍
Precise explanation of the CRISPR
I actually work at Temple University in the center for neurovirology and genome editing, and we are one of the labs developing the cure for HIV using CRISPR. We are also working on using CRISPR for a CCR5 knockout to make HIV infection impossible. Dr. Kamel Khakili is the department chair, and my boss, Dr. Tricia Burdo, is the vice-chair
Hello from Penn! I am also using CRISPR-derived platforms to induce a CCR5 KO for HIV-1 resistance. Personally, I'm a bigger fan of neutralizing the provirus, but I have to accept that the CCR5 edit is immensely more practical. I love the work ya'll are doing - I think of Temple as the tip of the spear when it comes to CRISPR/HIV-1 work (and Dr. Khalili's lab sure is something!). Keep it up!
@@kevinnewcombe7682 that's awesome! Is your lab part of the Delaney Collaboratory? I know we have collaborators at a bunch of different schools all working on that project, a big part of which is CCR5 KO
@@Bigboibeven My last two labs were both part of the Delaney Collab, but I've just begun my PhD and am currently rotating in a lab outside of the Collaboratory. Though I've been involved in other HIV-1 cure research efforts for several years (high-fidelity disease modeling, metabolomics, and CAR T stuff), it's wonderful to be doing work even closer to my long-term interests!
@Kevin Newcombe that's great! I'm currently just a tech, but plan on entering a PhD program Fall of 2024. I personally don't do any of the CRISPR for the Delaney, but I do all the PBMC isolations for all monkey blood draws and process and store all monkey samples for the study
@@Bigboibeven I was also a tech before starting grad school! It's a phenomenal way to build relevant experience. I have fond memories of doing my ficoll isolations for PBMC, lol. The monkey stuff sounds very cool, I haven't done much simian research other than brain cryosectioning for HAND-adjacent studies. They're super important for sure!
You couldn't be clearer with this explanation. Thank you so much!
I learned of this several years ago, and am familiar with the work of Jennifer Goudna. I have a degree in Microbiology. Prof Dave has done very well covering this, and I now am learning much more.
James Hopkins,
You probably wouldn't support it if you were a potential target.
What if we don't want to be 'cured'?
That's why we started The Neurodiversity Movement, clinics and other people don't have the right to eradicate us from existence just because we're different, it is racism and discrimination.
There's no doubt in my mind they are going to use it as an eugenics tool just like abortion.
Just because you can do something doesn't mean you should.
Im a final year Biomed student and you definitely saved me for my revision recap on the night before exam!
Thank you for finally making me understand the actual mechanism of the Cas9 protein. I'd love something on the pros and cons of NHEJ vs. HDR processes if you ever find the time to make a video about it!
Thanks Dr. Dave your provided me an ample understanding of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and now my concept is clear
Wow! It is amazing what we have uncovered. Being able to edit genes themselves is one of the most powerful medical tools we can have.
hi
Crisper-Cas9 is explained briefly and accurately. it was simple to understand.
Professor Dave as a Indian student I would like to know the ways and techniques which you use to understand these complex topics . Moreover I would like to know the books you study for your knowledge of subjects like physics , Chemistry , chemistry .
Your knowledge is free of cost and most importantly it's best
Excellent video!!!! As for T-cells however (12:00), sometimes their _Regulatory_ type need to be modified to be less present around a tumor.
Genuinely curious about this suggestion. Are you saying that you would modify Tregs using Crispr to keep them away from the tumour site? How would you accomplish that? Especially considering the possible autoimmune costs to the patient. Or did you mean that antibody blockades would be applied?
As usual, Professor Dave preventing headaches, tears, and breakdowns prior to my exam
Very good explanation. Much better as the courses that I followed in my master’s degree where I needed to read tons of articles to get to this point. Thank you very much, please continue biotechs videos.
The question that needs answering is "how do we discern a disease?"
Autistic people, ADHD, Down Syndrome, Bipolar etc... the vast majority of people diagnosed including myself don't want to be cured and it's our life.
This is basically the completion of the first step of the discriminatory racist eugenics movement, they have already casted us out, the "artificial selection" is completed. All they have to do now is rub us out of existence.
It's hard to believe the public can't see things as what they actually are. If you look up when all these disabilities became perceived as disabilities, it was in the eugenics after Francis Galton coined the term "eugenics" even though they trace back 100,000s of years.
Intellectual disability was created by eugeneticists by their bias IQ, autistic people tend to complete the RPMT 40% faster than nonautistic people.
CRISPR-Cas9 is actually acting upon false assumptions known as neo-Darwinism. Mutations are not random and they are essential to adaptation as well as diversity.
Evelyn Fox Keller explains:
"We now know that mechanisms for enduring genetic stability are a product of evolution. Yet a surprising number of mutations in which at least some of these mechanisms are disabled have been found in bacteria living under natural conditions. Why do these mutants persist? Is it possible that they provide some selective advantage to the population as a whole? Might the persistence of some mutator genes in a population enhance the adaptability of that population? Apparently so. New mathematical models of bacterial populations in variable environments confirm that, under such conditions, selection favors the fixation of some mutator alleles and furthermore, that their presence accelerates the pace of evolution."
Swears! Been reading several journals only to end up with headache
@@danielmoore4024y69uk fcigf
@@danielmoore4024 Nobody wants to treat Aspergers with CRISPR/Cas9 but rather debilitating metabolic dieseases that cause intense suffering or death. Genetic engineering laws here in Germany are very strict.
@@Mulmgott
I make my own videos under a separate account and have spoken much on eugenics and CRISPR, on them you’ll hear me say I approve and agree with using biotechnology to cure things like sickle-cell anemia. I point out my overall argument is the science community can’t keep equating uncommon differences as disorders, that we need a legitimate definition of what is a disease. According to today’s scientists, statistical deviation = disease which is plain thick and stupid of them, normativity is an ideology, the fact the whole field about disease is a cultural value judgement and not legitimate science people can’t be trusted to not start another Holocaust on disabled people.
As I point out in my videos, there’s clinical websites saying CRISPR is a great hope to eradicate autism, ADHD, down syndrome, dyslexia, and other disabled people. They already approve genocide on individuals who test positive for down syndrome, they don’t allow disabled people to donate embryos, the fact they already approve of genocide, using abortion as an eugenics tool, there’s the evidence they will abuse it.
I didn't saw so nice video about CRISPR, respect and thank you
Excellent explanation! I had watched another video, and I still had trouble understanding this technology, but your video made it much clearer! Thanks!
Crispr Cas 9 is so bad ass can't wait to see all the crazy new things we will be able to do
Dave, you're gold and I'm proud of myself that I discovered you
When u turn a compliment into a self-compliment hahaha
@@aaronwewer1701 wait that's true 😳
Hah, thank the algorithm
@@sanaltdelete always
Quite funny I am having a Biological Chemistry project about this topic!!
Great video as always :)
this is amazing, the fact that bacteria developed this over millions of years. and that humanity has understood it enough to use it to solve problems
Incredibly helpful! Subscribed!
thank you professor Dave, i know it took me a while to find it, but i have been looking for this video since 2015, i am trying to self learn genome editing with Crispr for what my biotech teachers (back when we had to guide genes with chemical reactions) told me was the only ethical idea i had, i want to splice human blood with "plant blood" for a lack of a better term to generate food and oxygen to end world hunger and assist in space travel.
the only issue i am running into with my studies is the human body is still designed to eat, so hunger pains will still exist but theoretically with the right set of genes from plants introduced into the human body should provide all the nutrients and calories from sunlight alone
I have seen several videos on CRISPR, yours is by far the best and v well explained, thanks !
For sure he has explained it well.
WOW!! Luckily I've subscribed to this channel and saw this video discussing CRISPR, because I just learned about it this week. Thanks for your insight!
this is incredibly convenient timing I have to make a presentation on this
This video is simply brilliant!☁️✨Thank you so so SO MUCH for explaining it in such a good way!☁️✨Am writing my thesis about genome editing with crispr cas9 and found this🔝 extremely helpful!☁️✨Thank you!☁️✨
Good luck on your thesis. Curious, what level and major?
1q1
I turn 38 in a week from now. I hope I live long enough to see this technology in action.
Biological wizardry explained lol thanks Dave :)
Best video ever as usual, well done mate!
The existence of crispr-cas9 really alleviates my insecurities in bodily and mental aspecs
Best explanation of CRISPR-Cas 9 ever especiall the sgRNA part.
The haircut is throwing me off 🙃I thought someone had stolen our channel.
this video was posted on my 21st birthday🌝what a cool future to look forward to!
Excellent explanation
This was a really great explanation of CRISPR-Cas9 and made it extremely easy to understand, especially with the beautiful visuals 👌👌!!
GREAT vid, but so much missing; 1.) how and by what is new foreign dna recognized in first place? if there is a mechanism, that is able to catch upon unfamiliarity of new dna withou some foreign DNA reservoir, then why there is other immunity system with such a reservoir needed?
2.) how can we get particular segment of crRNA to synthetise sgRNA; this deed itself implies our ability to precisely cut out such a segment without Cas9...?
This is quality content thanks to your expertise in subjects like these. Thanks, it really helped!
hello sir .. bhaut dino k baad najar aaye,, still look the same!! ever liked ur vdos
One thing I am interested in is the exact mechanism by which the desired genes are delivered to a target site? For example, lets say you want to change skin colour or density in a specific part of the body, how does one actually go about applying it? If ZFN is not utilizing a viral catalyst, then what is the (presumably liquid) solution being administered, and is this solution proprietary? Do I have to pay a lab somewhere to create a soup loaded with the gene modifiers I want? Can it be applied directly to the skin to take affect?
I have a term paper to submit on crispr cas 9. I love your work! Yiu dud justice to it!
Thanks for the tutorial, my grandma can breath underwater now.
Ooooh baby this subject gets me super excited. Got this company on my investments watchlist.
It is a truly fantastic video. Greetings from Greece!
Amazing video, thank you so much!
Good explanation for an introduction.
Great overview of CRISPR-Cas9, Professor Dave! I remember a few years ago when the podcast "Stuff You Should Know" covered CRISPR. They were pretty light on the biomechanics, which you cover here in much greater detail. Their podcast focused largely on the ethical concerns about CRISPR. There was also an interesting bit on using CRISPR to turn cells into "mini-CRISPRs." That is, using CRISPR to encode a gene to, itself, produce CRISPR. In other words, this is kind of "permanent CRISPR" that would ensure the CRISPR-modified gene would also remain modified from generation to generation. Incredible, and, if in the wrong hands, incredibly scary. I wonder what your own thoughts are on the ethics of using CRISPR on the human genome? Do you think we'll ever get to the point where we have "made to order" babies using CRISPR, or something like it?
What is defined as a disease is my concern, can you recall homosexuality defined as a pathological disorder? Hitler and racial hygiene? Why were alternative races defined as diseases? Humans clearly cannot be trusted, they will no doubt abuse people with it with selfish motives.
I am autistic and I don't want to be cured of the gifts that come with it, they should not have the right to change people without our consent, it is racism and discrimination.
Molecular biologist Miroslav Radman writes, "Mutagenesis has traditionally been viewed as an unavoidable consequence of imperfections in the process of DNA replication and repair. But if diversity is essential to survival, and if mutagenesis is required to generate such diversity, perhaps mutagenesis has been positively selected for throughout evolution."
Evelyn Fox Keller explains:
"We now know that mechanisms for enduring genetic stability are a product of evolution. Yet a surprising number of mutations in which at least some of these mechanisms are disabled have been found in bacteria living under natural conditions. Why do these mutants persist? Is it possible that they provide some selective advantage to the population as a whole? Might the persistence of some mutator genes in a population enhance the adaptability of that population? Apparently so. New mathematical models of bacterial populations in variable environments confirm that, under such conditions, selection favors the fixation of some mutator alleles and furthermore, that their presence accelerates the pace of evolution."
The mutants behind autism offer some great advantages to the human race, diminishing the genes is a great risk because without those mechanisms there is no asurety of genetic stability pushing us in the direction of extinction.
Psychologist Howard Gardner warns:
"With the coming of age of genetics, the danger magnifies. Beyond doubt we will discover genes that are important for reading alphabetical scripts; and there is already evidence that a small set of genes may be related to reading problems. As with the brain evidence, such information can be helpful for early intervention; but it could easily be used for stigmatising purposes. Indeed, it might become relevant for marriage prospects, holding a job, securing insurance, or even eugenic purposes. And no doubt, especially in our interventionist society, individuals with a genetic predisposition for reading problems will look into different kinds of genetic engineering or therapy. It is possible that such interventions will work and have no negative side effects, but it is perhaps more likely that they will have unanticipated effects. And we might even want to consider which valued human abilities - eg. spatial or pattern recognition skills - might be placed at risk were we to target our interventions specifically at reading disorders."
We can see the vast majority of so called diseases for what they are; they are discriminatory social constructions, not an intention to objectively understand human biology.
Were global warming, warmer oceans, production of epidemic diseases, climate change, increased natural hazards and more anticipated. I doubt it so I would say Howard Gardner has a good point, every time humans have tried to play God and control nature nature struck humans back with greater problems, the people trying to solve the problems are the people who caused the problems and are trying to solve those problems repeating the same mistake to cause more problems.
@@danielmoore4024 You make some very good points, Daniel. Having been around biopharmaceutical development for quite some time, I might take exception to the notion that the "vast majority" of diseases are social constructions. While there are some "diseases" that might be classified in this way, I'd offer that the "vast majority" of diseases are so classified because they actually conform with all of Koch's Postulates.
For example, homosexuality is not a disease because there is no known organism or virus that can isolated in someone who is (or claims to be) homosexual, reproduced, then transferred to a heterosexual host whom we observe to then become homosexual.
It is understandable to be fearful of flawed human intentions, but science is sufficiently rigorous to be dispassionate. Also, despite what you may witness through lens of media, the vast majority of people who work on the development of genetic breakthroughs, like CRISPR, are extremely concerned about how these technologies could be leveraged by amoral ne'er-do-wells.
@@glennpearson9348
To be more specific when I say diseases, I'm referring mainly to neurological differences and genes that make a brain function more differently like autism, ADHD, learning disabilities, dyslexia, intellectual disability, Down Syndrome etc...
I assume you've heard of "The Neurodiversity Movement".
In the 19th century pathology was corrupted by Francis Galton basing everything on the concept of "normal", pathology was no longer defined by pathology, it became "difference = pathological" like:
"homosexuality = difference = pathological" proven by the fact they were trying to cure LGBTQ+ as recently as 50 years ago, and that they're in the DSM 1st edition.
Those of us autistic are only defined as pathological because of differences to the social norm. There's no doubt in my mind that as evolution continues more minorities will be identified and automatically labelled pathological and don't deserve to live, abortion is already been used as an eugenics tool which is why I'm against screening and know we are going to be abused.
The disabilities I listed bring abilities that nondisabled people are incapable of, which raises the question why isn't the majority that can't do what disabled people can do defined as disabled as well?
I don't see why our difficulties must be cured if the difficulties of nondisabled people don't need to be cured.
What I see being overlooked is "proportion". Things need to be kept proportional, enhancing everything to the maximum will take things out of proportion, and why do they feel the need of enhancement if there's nothing wrong with them? They clearly recognise their dichotomy and false sense of superiority over minorities, and who decides what's desirable as desirable is an opinion, like in order for The Neurodiversity Movement to be persisting there must be people who find these genes desirable and others undesirable.
So at one point of genome editing biotechnology, dragons are just gonna start to come out of nowhere. LOL
They will be patented so dont you friggin dare make the wrong dragon! Your dragons are belong to bill gates or monsanto
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@@Mr0rris0 xD
I'm just wondering how many pet theories are going to be walking around. Or crawling around
@@Mr0rris0😂😂
Hey! I used to work with this stuff in the old days before I went to medical school
A presentation of true beauty.
Thanks, Dave
You deserve the Subscription 🎉
But if the DNA sequence that wants to be edited doesn't have a PAM sequence, is the CRISPR system able to do the cut? Isn't the PAM sequence a limitation of where can CRISPR system work?
If there is no sequence PAM on the virus or invaders.
Is it (cas 9 ) invalid ?
The humans have a sequence PAM ?
THank you so much . Please Explain prime editing mechanism over CHRISPR :)
Wait Bacteria have homologous donor templates? How? I thought that was a eucaryotic thing because they have copies of their chromosomes? 10:35
Excellent. Absolutely informative!
My dear frd very thanks for you're information. It have lot of information in a short time period video.
I don't understand, with this technology, can we really design ourselves as we want, from our skin color to our hair color and even our eye color, without being reborn? Is this really, really possible
I suspect once someone actually changes those things, in one way or another, we'll find out 'too late' that those changes have affected other things we had no idea it would result in that way.
So for Doudna and Charpentier’s effector complex, the sgRNA doesn’t need to be complementary to the palindromic DNA? Just any nucleotide sequence would do?
Is CRISPR actually at all involved in gene therapy or is it just CAS9?
CRISPR is the term of this technique. CAS9 is just an enzyme
thank you for this wonderful video it made. my day for so leisurely watching
Thank you! I need to write a paper on scientific innovations involving transcription and one of my paragraphs will be about CRISPR-Cas9. This video was very informative, detailed and complex enough to be used in a scientific paper
How did they figure this out? like at 6:54 how did they figure out that the complex recognizes a short sequence of the viral genome and then it gets cut out? I mean what is the technique to "watch" that process happen?
We don't "watch" things, we just let things happen and then sequence nucleic acids after the fact.
hi i was just wondering at 1:51 you mention that the short sections are specifically palindromic repeats. Isn't DNA one large palindrome? thanks for the video..:)
HEY PROF. DAVE.. CAN YOU PLEASE EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM OF URINE FORMTION
can you please make a playlist for your thermodynamics videos
They're in the classical physics playlist.
@@ProfessorDaveExplains alright thanks a lot
Hello prof Dave, can you do a video on Fanzors? Looks promising.
amazing explanation!
This emoji was me throughout this whole video 🤔🤔🤔
Very fitting! And very well explained!
Thanks ever so much, Professor 🧐
Love from Portugal! (which isn't that far from Italy 😉)
This video was very well done, thank you.
I'm really amzed to this technology
Thanks for a superlative video.
DUDE that video was great
I really liked this video! :D Can you also please explain how nucleotide insertion is made by NHEJ?
Thank you for making this amazing video.
Not to hate on Bozeman, but I find Dave's explanation better (more thorough and more supporting info), with the graphics being fitting and very informative.
Dave you are the GOAT
OMG I made a presentation about it last week!
Thanks for this video. Really interesting subject and very well presented.
Hey professor Dave! Could you please make a serious video on electrodynamics? My mom is having a hard time in her classes. Would be much appreciated
Hello Ma’am,
I started doing the Stotra and today’s is 37th day. The reason I was doing this stotra was for my daughter to pass her school exams. I followed the process just as instructed but somehow instead of helping me both my daughter and myself have gone through immense stress and pressure and in the end my daughter observed failure in her exam. Especially since she was so prepared and so ready for the exam she froze in the exam and couldn’t answer many of the questions. This was so unexpected and new. Never had happened to her. I wonder if I have been doing anything incorrect in the process. Please guide.
How will we know exactly which sequence to put in the sgRNA? It could be any 20 nucleotide sequence
What should I learn to understand genome before using machine learning in this field,?
I am a machine learning student and I want to apply ml to genome - which is an entirely new field for me - so what should I learn about genomes or requirements for genome for me to have enough knowledge to start applying ml in genomes field? In that it's is to the point and enough for an ml student.
Thanks prof Dave
Start with some preliminary books in molecular biology. We could discuss maybe, can give you a basic idea. Always happy for a discussion.