Podcast Monetization: 9 Ways to Make Money Podcasting

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  • Опубликовано: 20 сен 2024

Комментарии • 378

  • @shanedavis1367
    @shanedavis1367 6 лет назад +118

    Man your videos are the best I have found on RUclips. So palatable and easy to understand, perfect length, and rich information.

    • @patflynn
      @patflynn  6 лет назад +3

      Thank you Shane!

    • @walkinvoice9664
      @walkinvoice9664 4 года назад

      Yeah man💐💐😍😍 good job 👌👌...the podcast inspired me with good stories 😍😍...anchor.fm/sathish-kumar-vedh8/episodes/Understand-the-feeling-of-others-before-you-hurt-or-hate-ea4qhe

    • @shareaarnold-oxendine341
      @shareaarnold-oxendine341 3 года назад

      @@patflynn ii

    • @ShoutItFromTheHousetops
      @ShoutItFromTheHousetops 2 года назад

      I’m glad there’s a way to slow down the audio speed. I need to digest new tech type info a bit slower.

  • @sunduskashif4596
    @sunduskashif4596 4 года назад +66

    time stamps:
    1. 0:59 - digital products
    2. 1:56 - physical products
    3. 2:32 - affiliate products
    4. 3:38 - coaching
    5. 4:29 - consulting
    6. 5:04 - selling your own books
    7. 6:00 - public speaking
    8. 6:50 - hosting live events
    9. 8:18 - patreon

    • @cx_n1
      @cx_n1 3 года назад +1

      How did you do this time stance? Absolutely brilliant But you click the time and it jumps to that spot in the video! Thank you dude

    • @southlondon86
      @southlondon86 2 года назад

      @@cx_n1 First day on RUclips mate?

    • @cx_n1
      @cx_n1 2 года назад

      @@southlondon86 First day on planet Earth mate?

  • @SamaraGogetit
    @SamaraGogetit 5 лет назад +90

    You’re about to be one of the secrets behind my success

  • @shielapialago8980
    @shielapialago8980 3 года назад +5

    My podcast is already about to be published very soon and yet your tips are still so refreshing and "easy to finish", no fluff, just pure solid information. Thanks for this, Pat! Big fan!

  • @michaelrauch8629
    @michaelrauch8629 5 лет назад +36

    This gives me hope that my dream will be possible. That i can live on my dreams... I realized that RUclips wasn't for me so podcast storytelling feels perfect. I love this 😍

  • @sonjaramirez602
    @sonjaramirez602 5 лет назад +6

    My husband and I started a podcast called Opposites Attract Pod. It was his idea and I wanted to support him. We are now on episode 23. Though I am an entrepreneur, I didn't undersrand how income could be made through podcasting. Your video was a huge help, thank you.

  • @frankross6123
    @frankross6123 6 лет назад +17

    Pat , your very helpful with your podcasting tips. I'm just getting started and I'm doing this because of your inspiration, I'm 56 retired /disabled and I have ideas. simple as that.lol

    • @patflynn
      @patflynn  6 лет назад +1

      Thanks Frank. All you need to start is an idea. Don’t leave it at that though. You got this!

    • @eduardomartinez7227
      @eduardomartinez7227 4 года назад

      You're an inspiration sir!!

  • @PrecisionMedicine
    @PrecisionMedicine 2 года назад

    I'm the host to a genetics Podcast called PGX for Pharmacist Podcast which is one of the top 20 genomics Podcast globally. I love your video, learned so much, and subscribed. Thank your for sharing your insights. Appreciate you

  • @HenrikdeGyor
    @HenrikdeGyor 4 года назад +1

    Great information from Patt Flynn
    Aside from Advertising on your podcast, you can also make money with:
    1. 1:00 Digital Products (ebooks, music, software, online course)
    2. 1:56 Physical Products (merchandise)
    3. 2:32 Affiliate Products (other people's products that pay a commission)
    4. 3:38 Coaching
    5. 4:30 Consulting
    6. 5:04 Sell Your Own Books
    7. 6:00 Public Speaking
    8. 6:50 Hosting Live Events
    9. 8:19 Patreon

  • @hebaramadan3282
    @hebaramadan3282 5 дней назад

    Hey Pat, I have just finished watching your video on how to start a podcast which led me to this one here. I really want to thank you, you make it sound so fun and easy. The video is just to the point and very helpful. Hopefully I could start my own podcast and get to share it with you one day. Wish me luck

  • @tylerjoestratton
    @tylerjoestratton 6 лет назад +33

    I am listing to the following podcasts.
    1) The School Of Greatness
    2) Smart Passive Income
    3) Ultimate Human Connect
    4) The Brendon Show

    • @NikosKatsikanis
      @NikosKatsikanis 4 года назад

      Tyler Joe Stratton what about Influencers Cafe? Mines

    • @neowisek7757
      @neowisek7757 4 года назад

      Brendon is just another run of the mill shit talker ... his talks will just waste your time and will never change anything!

  • @stefanieperez9680
    @stefanieperez9680 3 года назад

    Soooo many I am listening to right now… Armchair Exp, Latina to Latina, Smartless, Financial Feminist and I try to listen to new ones at least every other week as I try to get a feel for different formats. I have to say that podcasts have totally opened my mind to how we can communicate and help larger groups of people. I even got my mom thinking of starting one as an LMFT. So… net net, I’ll likely be starting my podcast this year :) thanks for the great content

  • @opiateaddictionsupport
    @opiateaddictionsupport 4 года назад

    I purchased Pat's course on setting up and launching and growing a podcast, and it was THE BEST decision in a long time. Easy to follow and I just did what the tutorials showed, and now we have an awesome podcast that is growing and growing. Thanks Pat!

  • @Taylluna
    @Taylluna 5 лет назад +4

    Thank you so much for this, Pat! I was just listening to a podcast and out of nowhere got a rush of ideas to make my own... Now I'm really excited! This was beyond helpful! (:

  • @BrunnersLawnandServices
    @BrunnersLawnandServices 3 года назад

    Awesome insight. I just started following you. I started a podcast "A Beverage with Brunner's." This mostly to market my landscape company through interviewing other business owners and leaders in my community, over a beverage. I appreciate what value you give to your viewers. It is helping me view the how-to through another's eyes. Thanks.

  • @rayrapphaelbisnar
    @rayrapphaelbisnar 4 года назад

    Hey Pat, just started my podcast and it's been a blast. Just wanted to say thank you for genuinely caring about people that are starting up. You are much appreciated fam!

  • @DavidTomlinsonTipsforTalks
    @DavidTomlinsonTipsforTalks 2 года назад

    Fabulous Pat.. BIG thank you ! Listening
    to your sound advice, I now know I should have started earlier !

  • @kaileylefko3656
    @kaileylefko3656 6 лет назад +1

    Thanks for the list Pat. Thanks to your How to Start a Podcast videos, my business partner and I have started The Balanced Educator Podcast and we are loving it! It's such a great way to connect with our audience at a deeper level! We are so grateful for all the information that you share!

  • @ambersouthcott8896
    @ambersouthcott8896 10 месяцев назад

    Thanks, I'm a total beginner and didn't realise how much podcasts could be monetised!

  • @jessicastansberry
    @jessicastansberry 6 лет назад +2

    Awesome stuff Pat! Your party last night was awesome and I’m so glad we got to hang out with you for a minute at least!

  • @Rahul-gg3cb
    @Rahul-gg3cb 6 лет назад +249

    I thought I'm listening at 1.5X speed

    • @danielatomescu3487
      @danielatomescu3487 5 лет назад +1

      This is glorious, been searching for "streams of income online" for a while now, and I think this has helped. Have you heard people talk about - Qonmily Passive Formality - (do a google search ) ? Ive heard some decent things about it and my m8 got excellent success with it.

    • @kimberlyhawkins2674
      @kimberlyhawkins2674 5 лет назад +7

      Seriously! I had to keep scrolling back to make sure I understood. This is an issue with a lot of podcasters I've noticed. Slow down! Cramming as much into a video is not necessarily efficient. Write it out and rehearse it first.

    • @GodsHealingPowerRadioMinistry
      @GodsHealingPowerRadioMinistry 4 года назад +2

      @@kimberlyhawkins2674 Public speaking 101. Slow down!! I agree with you.

    • @snufkin4374
      @snufkin4374 4 года назад +7

      Why does 0.75% speed sound so natural?

    • @centside8509
      @centside8509 4 года назад +1

      Me too!!

  • @annalauraamenta
    @annalauraamenta 6 лет назад +51

    I love the quality of this video!! Which camera are you using?

    • @jdelcantov
      @jdelcantov 6 лет назад +1

      sONY

    • @musclewarlord
      @musclewarlord 5 лет назад

      Total Social Sony what exactly lol

    • @Azeltix
      @Azeltix 3 года назад +11

      You can get the same quality with a smartphone.
      90% of a good image is a good lighting.

    • @rubyfire9666
      @rubyfire9666 3 года назад +1

      Ask about lighting aswell

  • @Amber_LaVonne
    @Amber_LaVonne Год назад

    Thanks for all the tips! Looking forward to my first podcast. ❤

  • @wernerprice1233
    @wernerprice1233 4 года назад

    Great intro to podcasting!!!! I will be checking your mini course!!!!

  • @shina-preparingthehome
    @shina-preparingthehome 4 года назад +2

    This was fantastic, My husband and I recently started a podcast called AFamilyBoundByGrace and the information you have given has been a huge help and given me some more clarity. Thank you very much

  • @manniesreactionchannel3808
    @manniesreactionchannel3808 6 лет назад +14

    I plan on using my podcast, to promote my new novels.

    • @jpo9209
      @jpo9209 3 года назад

      What are they called

  • @geraldlsmithsr9771
    @geraldlsmithsr9771 4 года назад

    You are an excellent presenter, making it so precise and clear. Really, no room for confusion “Techno or Not!” Thanks so much ...

  • @seans1663
    @seans1663 2 года назад

    This guy's advice is awesome! So easy to follow!

  • @MuhibAli110
    @MuhibAli110 4 года назад +1

    Hey Pat. Awesome video! Great advice on how to make money from your podcast.
    I'm looking to do this full-time to discuss sports - specifically Basketball. I was in IT for about 5 years and hated it. Buddies of mine did podcasting two years ago but stopped and that's when I realized my passion. I'm a huge sports junkie and think I can offer analysis that people will listen to. Wish me luck!

  • @cljolliff1
    @cljolliff1 4 года назад

    Listening to yours from now on, Pat! You always bring real value and authenticity, so appreciate you for that.

  • @groovethangralph
    @groovethangralph 2 года назад

    Thanks so much! I'm just starting out and you just hit me with some GREAT ideas and information!

  • @therealmarknelson
    @therealmarknelson 4 года назад

    Love your videos. Just starting my podcast. I have 25 episodes and have no clue how to monetize. Thank you

  • @RelativelyIncredible
    @RelativelyIncredible 2 года назад

    your advices were engaging and your delivery was superb

  • @LisaHooks
    @LisaHooks 4 года назад +6

    This was great thank you. I been on the fence about starting a podcast due to the tech but I see it's not so difficult.
    BTW I want to podcast to personal development to build my community, speaking and share my books. Kuddos

  • @sitender1000
    @sitender1000 5 лет назад +1

    You just proved my ideas right. this could be a change of life for me after watching this video. Thanks a ton!

  • @arnoldwillence7452
    @arnoldwillence7452 2 года назад

    I found your info very helpful and hope I can use it soon, though I do tend to procrastinate. What you didn't talk about though, is naming your podcast. I went on a site where you could check out the availability of names.

  • @keithdavis6015
    @keithdavis6015 4 года назад +1

    Very helpful, I’ve watched a few of your podcast startup videos and they’ve really shown me all I need to get started. Thanks Pat!

  • @tajah_mae
    @tajah_mae 4 года назад

    I really appreciate the fact that you went all in especially about companies you use too! This is amazing.

  • @lovelifebeautybyangelaarde5016
    @lovelifebeautybyangelaarde5016 4 года назад

    I am considering taking the dive and starting my own podcast!!! Okay, wow, totally thee first time I ever wrote this for the world to see. Huh, guess that means toe’s in! Thanks Pat, I will keep you posted! Btw, have really enjoyed all your informative and fun videos up to now.

  • @willieleehendersonlll
    @willieleehendersonlll 5 лет назад +7

    I just started a mma podcast and I'm having so much fun. Cant wait till it's my full time job

  • @alethearamirez9023
    @alethearamirez9023 3 года назад

    I am a new podcaster , this is very helpful thank you so much !!

  • @marionsimpson3622
    @marionsimpson3622 6 лет назад +2

    Pat thanks for sharing your journey with us. I am learning lots from you.

  • @AlainGuillot
    @AlainGuillot 6 лет назад

    Thank you, Pat. I am doing affiliate sales and I am offering coaching services. I have been podcasting for 6 months. My audience is small but it grows every week.

    • @moms4transkids
      @moms4transkids 6 лет назад

      wow!, am jealous! How did you start?, from home or outside your home?

  • @BeardsandBibles
    @BeardsandBibles 6 лет назад

    Hey man! So I have been dancing around the idea of starting a podcast, and watching your videos has really encouraged me to just go for it. I am going to continue to research and study the techniques you mentioned and how I can make some money doing this and I hope to really get my voice out there and help others! I almost want to tell what I want to talk about and focus on but I’ll wait till I have it up and running. Thank you for the information and help! You’re awesome!

  • @thesoftwaredeliverypodcast
    @thesoftwaredeliverypodcast 5 лет назад +1

    Thanks for all the content @pat flyn! Appreciate all the effort and knowledge shared regularly!

  • @bullets2beans860
    @bullets2beans860 4 года назад

    You have been a huge part of getting my podcast, Bullets 2 Beans, off of the ground!

  • @mondaypositivitea
    @mondaypositivitea 4 года назад

    I have started a podcast but then discontinued. This is very helpful. Will continue. Thank you for this video.

  • @mbybak
    @mbybak 6 лет назад +2

    Amazing content, as always. You've inspired me to start my own podcast, Pat! :)

  • @Reallifecleanliving
    @Reallifecleanliving 6 лет назад +11

    I love this! I feel like the same could be said for RUclips... 😃

    • @patflynn
      @patflynn  6 лет назад +2

      Hey Joshua! You were randomly chosen based on your early comment to win an SPI pin! Please email pat@smartpassiveincome.com and we'll hook you up :)
      For everyone else tuning in, be sure to subscribe to get notifications when new videos are posted!

    • @Reallifecleanliving
      @Reallifecleanliving 6 лет назад +1

      Pat Flynn heeeey! Alright!!!! Thank you! I'll email ya 😄😄😄

  • @phillichtenberger8112
    @phillichtenberger8112 6 лет назад +4

    Great video Pat. I've been thinking about doing Patreon for my podcast, Scanner School (Launched thanks to your Power up Podcasting Course). I'm just trying to figure out what a bonus or giveaway could be for my backers.
    Since you asked - the podcasts in my ipod right now: Smart Passive Income, Ask Pat, Achieve Your Goals with Hal Elrod, Beyond the To Do List, Get Ya Mind Right, Low FODMAP Diet, Online Marketing Made Easy, ProBlogger Podcast, 5AM Miracle, The Art of Charm, Dave Ramsey, and The Tim Ferriss Show.

  • @jcarredondo86
    @jcarredondo86 3 года назад

    Hey Pat, thank you for you help I have watched quite a few of your videos because I just started my podcast the helium balloon podcast and wasn't sure where to go so far I am starting to have an idea and it's been a very big part due to the you tube community but you started me on my journey so thank you and great work can't wait to see where I can take this👍

  • @carloscharre79
    @carloscharre79 4 года назад

    I listen to the following podcasts:
    The Ultimate Entrepreneur - Jay Abraham
    The School of Greatness - Lewis Howe’s
    Born to Impact - Joel Marion
    Elevation with Steven Furtick
    How I Built This - Guy Raz
    I Love Marketing - Joe Polish
    The Tony Robbins Podcast - Tony Robbins

  • @austinchahin9797
    @austinchahin9797 2 года назад

    Thank you for the 9 tips this is my first video of listening to what you have to say when your trying to make as podcast. the podcast i'm listening to is the pat mcafee

  • @happygummyproductions
    @happygummyproductions 3 года назад

    Thank you so much for this video, very helpful and sparked a bulb and lit a fire for me! I love listening to The Therapy Gecko.

  • @TexasGI47life
    @TexasGI47life 6 лет назад

    Podcasts: 1) GaryVee Audio Experience, 2) Couples Therapy, 3) The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast and 4) Archive 81 ... thank you Pat for sharing your content. What episode do you talk about Anchor? I would like to do an international podcast without racking up too big of a phone bill.

  • @sunnybux
    @sunnybux 9 месяцев назад

    WOW! WOW! Im so excited I will never get to sleep.

  • @ancabanUGC
    @ancabanUGC 3 года назад

    Hi Pat. Regarding your no 9 recommendation, I have just read pages of reviews about that website, mostly negative and the site given 2 stars, marked as Bad. Now, it is possible that those who complained had not read all the Q&As and T&C provided on the website prior to subscribing (guessing from the repeated complaint of users and reply by the customer support). Nevertheless, all the reviews I read were more and more convincing that I'd rather not sign up for that website. And negative reviews were written even very recently.

  • @CarnaticBaritoneSaxophone
    @CarnaticBaritoneSaxophone 3 года назад

    Thank you for the great ideas!
    I’m listening to the Bharati 100 podcast

  • @baddweather6362
    @baddweather6362 3 года назад

    Great video, finally a useful video with good information

  • @TalkingWithExpertsPodcast
    @TalkingWithExpertsPodcast 3 года назад

    I love this staight forward video Pat. I am currently looking for sponsors for Season 2 and will be looking to monetise with as a consultant and using affiliate programs. Hadn't thought about Patreon yet. I'm currently listen to Foundr, Engage Video Marketing Podcast and Fundraising Blind Spots. My podcast is a weekly educational podcast which gives entrepreneurs actionable steps to grow their business from experts in entrepreneurship. I've interview 45+ experts from all over the world and this is just the beginning. Thanks for inspiring me and always providing me with huge value.

  • @starship0epic
    @starship0epic 5 лет назад +1

    I’ve been enjoying the Equivalent Exchange. Great conversation.

  • @2livesimple
    @2livesimple 4 года назад

    I am about to start a podcast related to my website and blog. Very helpful tips and thank you for sharing the guide.

  • @SpokenGarden
    @SpokenGarden 4 года назад

    Thanks Pat! All great ideas and we are going to pursue all of them in the new year. WooHoo!

  • @girlmellaceus
    @girlmellaceus 4 года назад

    Podcasting is more my thing than vlogging. Thanks for each example. I can do this!

  • @fitbmx7744
    @fitbmx7744 5 лет назад

    I am very dedicated to two podcasts, the first one is "Ologies" which is so good and funny. The second one is new, and it is "The Deep Place." it's about art, creativity, and spirituality. It is super powerful, and will most likely make you cry! LOL
    Love the video, thanks so much!

  • @curtsoulonline
    @curtsoulonline 2 года назад

    Great advice. This man is spot on!

  • @monicahkaranja1362
    @monicahkaranja1362 5 лет назад +1

    I am starting a podcast today!

  • @RDSports5
    @RDSports5 3 года назад

    Excellent background! Great Scott.... haha

  • @geniastephen980
    @geniastephen980 6 лет назад

    Great brainstorm! Love the examples of people who are succeeding with this methods!

  • @manniesreactionchannel3808
    @manniesreactionchannel3808 6 лет назад +3

    I love this video, I'm considering making a podcast.

  • @BrokenPictures
    @BrokenPictures 5 лет назад

    Good stuff! Started offering our tv show breakdowns as podcasts this year so we’re working toward this. Big help! Love your podcast as well!

  • @Pippin773
    @Pippin773 3 года назад

    Where can we learn about the actual specifics of advertising monetization? Like, how does it work? How is your audience size calculated? (by download?) (How to grow your audience? Maybe off-topic.) How much do advertisers pay? How do you find and approach advertisers? Everyone says "advertising," but it's never actually taught or explained how this works in detail. Thanks for any guidance.

  • @AngieInReaLife
    @AngieInReaLife 4 года назад

    All this is Good information. Thanks sharing. I'm on the road to starting my Podcast. I'm excited about it. Thank you

  • @volyb101
    @volyb101 6 лет назад

    Hey Pat, I am re-watching you niche site 2.0. Thanks for making that series. I am using your philosophies to find a good prospects. I think I just might add podcast in to my list of tool to use. Thanks

  • @thalesbarbosa8535
    @thalesbarbosa8535 6 лет назад +1

    Oh shit, that's so fresh I didn't realized lol! You got the 4th like from me!

  • @MusicForGoodTV
    @MusicForGoodTV 5 лет назад

    Thanks, Pat. Always find your videos informative and useful.

  • @AskWhyNot230
    @AskWhyNot230 5 лет назад

    I'm listening to "flip it & reverse it" I love it so far!

  • @Bishopoflyons1217
    @Bishopoflyons1217 2 года назад

    Pat with the pandemic how do I navigate getting the support that I need on my podcast?" Thank you for your response. Get video. Keep up the good work Pat.

  • @nicholasdevaux1903
    @nicholasdevaux1903 3 года назад

    Well presented, sincere and insightful. Great job.

  • @UrSexieChino
    @UrSexieChino 2 года назад

    Thank you for this super informative and useful video

  • @kenroystaine5791
    @kenroystaine5791 3 года назад

    Hi Thanks for the Great Info. Just to let you know that im in the process of launching out my new podcast Travel and You.Thank you

  • @HaroldJordanMagic
    @HaroldJordanMagic 3 года назад

    Awesome information ℹ️☺️ thank you for this.

  • @MissDaniiOliver
    @MissDaniiOliver 4 года назад

    Listening to the Beer Talk Radio Podcast alot. Thanks for sharing these business tips.

  • @thejasonresnick
    @thejasonresnick 6 лет назад

    Thanks Pat -- Great ideas and thoughts as well on mixing in products/pitches naturally throughout the course of a show. Season 2 of my podcast, Live In The Feast, just released today. I'm excited about it since it's all about helping freelancers market themselves.

  • @johngoodson1307
    @johngoodson1307 4 года назад

    When you said Shawn Stevenson and Ben Greenfield as examples, I was like AIGHTTTTT, those are my top two dudes along with Jim Kwik and Tom Bilyeu

  • @DwingetGaming
    @DwingetGaming 5 лет назад

    I am listening to your Passive Online Income. I am getting ready to launch my own podcast. Just collecting information before I do. Thank you very much.

  • @leez123x4
    @leez123x4 3 года назад

    this is SO helpful thank you so much! 😊

  • @mitchknowsmoney2884
    @mitchknowsmoney2884 4 года назад

    This is so helpful I cant wait to get my podcast up and running

  • @focusedgamedev
    @focusedgamedev 6 лет назад +7

    Ooo! I like making money, Pat! How did you know? Super helpful list. :)

  • @markleestampley8784
    @markleestampley8784 2 месяца назад

    Incredible help, thanks

  • @TheAudioJourney
    @TheAudioJourney 6 лет назад

    Thoroughly enjoying Aubrey Marcus' podcast at the moment, but The School Of Greatness, 10% Happier, Tim Ferriss Show, Impact Theory, Amy Porterfield's show and The Brendon Show are all fantastic. Thanks for the video Pat!

  • @stevenevenett
    @stevenevenett 6 лет назад

    I listen to Better Than Happy with Jody Moore (I heard of you from her) and The Life Coach School Podcast with Brooke Castillo (and a bunch of others, but those are my main go-to podcasts). Thanks for the tips!

  • @LitaAbella
    @LitaAbella 5 лет назад

    This is the second video that I have reviewed of yours and I like them both. You are very informative, professional, and engaging. The first video you talked too fast. I think this one, you were talking at a normal speed. Thank you.

  • @penny_willow
    @penny_willow 4 года назад

    I'm the host of Travel Moms Podcast. I interview moms from all over the world who travel with their family. They share their story and tips to encourage and inspire other moms who dream of traveling with their family. I'd love to start monetizing the podcast.

  • @2thepointpodcast
    @2thepointpodcast Год назад

    Great info! Thanks for sharing!

  • @michaelrauch8629
    @michaelrauch8629 5 лет назад

    Very helpful. I plan to write stories for a podcast storytelling. This is helpful.

  • @thedr.joyshow5375
    @thedr.joyshow5375 Год назад

    Thank you! Very informative!!

  • @tazzl.s.dc.4827
    @tazzl.s.dc.4827 6 лет назад

    Thank you very much I'm new in podcasting the information is very helpful and I'll be watching your videos .

  • @Practiceofthepractice
    @Practiceofthepractice 4 года назад

    Awesome video Pat!

  • @developerwannabepodcast4799
    @developerwannabepodcast4799 5 лет назад

    Thanks, Pat. I started a podcast for developer-wannabies in my native language already (Polish). Will try to use some of your hints.