My What's Broken? Series #1: Timing Belts-vs-Chains! CAR WIZARD explains why the huge bill
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- Опубликовано: 24 апр 2023
- New series that explains what specific repairs are, why they cost what they do and what it takes to make the repair. This first episode in this series the CAR WIZARD 🧙♂️ focuses on Timing Belts and Timing Chains.
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THANK YOU Car Wizard! I have learned so much watching your channel over the years. I'm not an auto mechanic, I actually have a meteorology degree and teach middle school science. But I love to tinker and explore "how things work," and this series is perfect.
Love to hear science is still taught in the US - when I hear of all these crazy flat earthers denying all of science - and invariably being absolutely unable to work with numbers, with formulas, or have the ability to imagine 3-dimensional correlations or analyze in their head a "when this is so, then what are the consequences scenario?"
I think the most important thing to bring over to kids is that physics (or chemistry or biology or...) is not something theoretical where you learn the answers by heart to get the grades, but is something that is connected with your life, what you can use, what applies in everyday life. Often experiences you make in everyday life put into numbers.
That when you hang soggy pants on a washing line, why it sags through most when you put it in the middle and way less when put at the sides is the parallel of forces you can draw out on a sheet of paper.
Or how forces add up to resulting forces - for my gravity denying flat earthers how gravity and centrifugal forces combine, taking a bucket with water on a string and swing it, you can create a flat water surface in the bucket that is oriented in any kind of direction compared to the flat water surface outside the swirled bucket, including upside down. Just one force (centrifugal force) more dominant than the other, that is all it needs. Water conforms it shape and surface orientation to the forces at work. Be it gravity, centrifugal force, cohesion, adhesion, air resistance for falling drops, all combines.
Sorry to interfere in your work, but maybe that gives one idea or two.
I have a friend that was a meteorologist, too, who went on an expedition into the deepest valley on earth to study a strange wind there, that went only in one direction with up to 50 mph (usually thermal winds revert direction over the day). Even though the valley floor was on 9,000 feet, it is no problem to have a valley 15,000 foot deep when the K2 with 28,000 feet is on one side.
They could not use balloons for their measurements as the winds would have blown them too much sideways instead of vertical. So my friend used his hobby, RC model airplanes and developed a high-altitude-optimized electrically powered glider for that. They climbed up to 7,500 feet above ground, had special telescopic glasses that Zeiss had made for them so that they could still see the plane at that height.
Science combined with fun, hobby, exotics (Tibet) and adventure.
My very first automotive mechanical experience was changing the timing chain and gears on my dad's 67 Chrysler Newport. The 383 sitting in that cavernous engine bay was simplicity itself to work on. A Chilton manual from the library, a few very basic tools and the replacement parts was all a novice needed to do the job. My how times have changed!
Way to complex now....Thank goodness EVs are replacing these relics!
Mechanical engineering
Chrysler American Big Automotive Car 🚗
I remember many a time going to our local library to photocopy pages of Chilton's or Motor Manuals. Beat buying those entire books.
@@nononsenseBennett 🙄
Another thing I learned about timing chains (the hard way) is that if you don't change your engine oil enough, it stretches the chain and the chain will actually jump off the sprocket, which is incidentally how my Rav4 died.
Yeah, you really need to be on top of maintenance with timing chains.
Modern direct injection engines put more stress on them too due to running the high pressure fuel pump and the extra soot that gets into the oil from direct injection.... Sort of like diesel engine soot).
If you want to get long life from a modern engine don't follow the "oil change reminder" in the car... Just change it every 5k (or earlier if you drive less).
It doesn't matter what you drive. Change the oil at or BEFORE the reccomended interval. If you don't, you are doing permenant damage to your engine and risking catostrophic failure.
I always change the oil every 5,000 miles now my 2015 Dodge Dart SXT with 2.4 litter have over 306,000 miles with
@@surferdude4487 Right, I bought the car used, and that was one of the first things I did. But when the mechanic took off the cover, the sludge was a nice, thick coat.
This is especially true for the long chains of DOHC motors. When Lexus switched to the UR V8s with chains like the 4.6L and to a lesser extent in the 5.0L, they had problems with the timing chain tensioners.
Bruh, the fact car wizard has only gotten four of these cars in his shop speaks to just how good they are.
Hater...
They aren't that common any more. They never really were so I wouldn't expect too many. Heck I don't even have a census of what he's worked on. Four seems like a lot tbh.
How many are left in roadworthy condition?
Of those that are left in the area, why do you assume The Wizard has worked on all of them?
The 1uz was on the top 10 engine list pretty much it's whole life.
@@williamegler8771 everyone that's maintained by a slightly sane person. There are 3-4 in the lot where I work and all but 1 are daily drivers. The one that's not commonly driven is because the own has like 10 cars. But it still runs and he moves it occasionally
Videos like this are SUPER important. If you watch car videos casually like I do you pick this stuff up over time and you have those random "ohh well that makes sense" moments but with videos like this you can learn what something is, why it is and what the correct processes are for replacement.
Thanks for making this!
Thank you Car Wizard,
Great explanation for those who don't understand!
Hi from the tropics in Thailand 🙂
Hi Wizard , in my years of driving I have only had one Timiung belt break on me , but it was on a Ford Serria non inteference Engine at 3mph . I am now driving a Honda/Jazz/Fit in the States ,
yes I'm 64 🤗 , but wanted a car with no turbo , no timing belt but a Timing chain . I change the oil every 4000 miles with really good Castrol Oil , all the best from Scotland ! 👍
I’m in CA and wish you were closer.
Your thoroughness, honesty, professionalism and pride in your work is why I enjoy your channel. It’s refreshing.
I have had one bad experience after another with shops here and paying $150-$200 an hour in labor.
I had a belt snap on a 91 Honda Civic when my son took my keys and tried to start it up. Fortunately it didn’t start. We took it to a hobby shop on our base, found TDC, matched a mark on the cam gear to the crank pulley, removed a engine mount, installed the belt, ran a compression check, and drove it for years. But it was nowhere as complex of an engine than the ones you were working on. No matter how much you know, you should keep your mind open and learn from others. Good video !
Hello Mr Wizard - You did not mention that some heavy duty engines (Isuzu diesel engines or F1 formula race engines, etc) instead of belts or chains use timing gears, that are the most reliable way, but at the same time the most expensive and loudest. But I can see why these were skipped - due to being very rare. Otherwise - top notch information!
You beat me to it. I have had motorcycles with gear driven cams and they were amazing. mostly Honda v4s but one was a 400cc in line 4 liquid cooled motor with gear driven cams.
Excellent; professor Wizard ! You explained it like a pro ... very concise & clear !
Thank you wizard this was a great video and a great learning tool for those that don't know what a timing belt/chain is. It brings home the fact that you just can't keep driving on an old timing belt, and often when people hear the term belt they assume that no damage could be done if it breaks. Keep on making these show and tell videos they are fantastic.
Depends if engine is interference or not
Timing chain for the win more reliable and robust
Agreed
I was thinking about how I'd like a teaching type video from the car wizard the other day. I clicked so fast when I saw this in my feed
As some one who loves cars but has utterly no idea what he's looking at under the hood this is perfect. Keep these videos coming
I can't get enough of Car Wizard's educational videos. Makes me want to be an even better enthusiast with decent education.
That's a great explanation.
You'll have to explain "interference engine" so that people understand the danger of an engine loosing timing.
I second that request. I was hoping he'd cover "interference" and "non-interference" in this vid but he went deeper into the function than I thought, and I guess time was an issue. Hopefully he'll cover them in the next one.
An interference engine is one where the pistons will smash into the valves if they're out of time (i.e. timing belt broken). Not all engines will do this and some will clear the valves such as some old Vauxhall engines.
Also important is the quality of the replacement Timing Belt. I would use Gates Brand every time. They have a long history of belt-making. Forget the 'cheapies' when your engine is at stake!
@@peterduxbury927 I always opt for the best....not necessarily the most expensive.....but the best replacement parts.
In my book Gates is gold!
@@adotopp1865 And the Mazda FS engine, as well as the Ford CVT.
While I knew what you were talking about, I love your videos for the fact that even if I don't know or someone else doesn't know, you take the time to show us without making us feel stupid. Thank you for being that type of channel. I'm almost positive I will never work on a Ferrari or Lambo, but those videos are very interesting to me also. Take care.
Thank you car wizard, You are amazing. I love your channel
As a mechanic it does make me feel frustrated when customers start to question my abilities & my diagnosis. I totally understand the financial pressure customers are under & I will usually do what I can to help out where possible. However these are complex machines and therefore need maintenance. So thank you for your incredibly helpful videos.
Wizard, as a non-gear head, this video is awesome. I will keep this video to forward to my friends when they ask about timing belt replacements.
Wizard did a good job, he forgot one reason why water pump need to be replaced, worned water pump can locked itself which mean that timing belt will rubbing on seized water pump, it will break which also mean dead engine.
@@altergreenhorn That happened to me ended up with some bent valves
Great video more of this kind of content please!
While I already know this, I think you did an excellent job for all the greenhorns out there. To the point, and easy to understand. They should call you "Professor Wizard".
Video approved wizard, perfect timing, click.
My wife was stranded on a freeway, about 15 miles from home, in the dark and the rain, when the timing belt snapped on our 5-year-old 1976 Pinto snapped with about 36K miles on the odometer. Fortunately, a kindly lady gave her a lift to a phone booth (remember those?), and we had AAA towing. Non-interference engine, $50 repair in early 1980s dollars.
A few years later I was stranded on the same stretch of freeway, in the opposite direction, when the timing chain on my 1973 Chevy V-8 stripped the plastic(!) teeth on the cam sprocket. Interference engine, new lifters and cams, $700 repair in late 1980s dollars.
Hey Wizard, thanks for a great tutorial, you explain things clearly & easy to understand!!! This is the Wizard's college of mechanical knowledge!!! 👍👍🙂🎈
I didn´t even know what a timing chain was and now I am conviced that I can change it by my own on my car. Thank you so much
I know what timing belts and chains do, but I still found this video helpful 👍
Don’t mind having to change the belt and pump every 100k. Look at the hundreds of thousands of gm vehicles with bad timing chains. I believe there is a class action lawsuit. My mechanic gets tons of them from the auction with bad chains fixes them and flips them. Such junk
More technical vids!!! This is a great change from looking at cars, its always great to have more professional discussions for the car community
Even thou you might already know the ins and outs there’s always something new to learn 😬
thank you for making these basic instructional videos for people with limited mechanical skills and abliities, they are appreciated.
I changed a timing belt on the side of the road once. It took a couple hours and cost less than 50 bucks with a new tensioner. My Volvo 240 non interference B230 motor was so easy to work on.
This is a wonderful video!!!! It's about time someone addressed the timing belt/chain sequence and issues. I know you did mention it in the video, but it's important to distinguish the difference between an interference vs a non-interference engine. People need to be aware that failure on an interference engine is catastrophic. Also can't stress enough that belts and the water pump need to be replaced at certain intervals, I replace mine at 90K intervals on my Highlander
Anyone who has owned that car has started it with the engine on. You can never tell if that car is running or not! Amazing Machines!
Thank you, Wizard! This was a very informative video - you should do more of these types of videos, as you explain complex technical issues in a very straightforward manner. 👍
The Knowledge no mechanic shares in public forum
The Car Wizard RULES!
Excellent tutorial for those who think they are getting ripped off at the shop.
"How can a $100 part cost $2k to fix?".
This is why.
I have had two LS400s and the first UCF-10 car with the 1UX-FE was a non-interference engine, but the one from 1997, the UCF-20 in the U.K. was an interference engine. I had the timing belts changed on both, because I always seem to get landed with that job!
One of your best videos very informative and very thorough thank you
Ya know, 45+ Years ago , after growing up with 2 strokes, small engines & tractors, I was introduced to a small block timing chains... And I wondered what was wrong with timing gears? Then 10 years later a timing BELT?? Who were these mentally deficit engineers?!? Lol. Plastic chain guides? Nylon gears? Inside a Real motor?? Amazing what they've dreamed up in the last half a century... Great tutorial, everyone needs education... Thanx !
You made a video about timing belts a few years ago, but this one goes a lot more in depth. I like it
I remember watching this vid when I wanted to get an LS400 haha. Still want one 😂😂 If anyone else is looking to get one, I believe the 90-94 had non-interference motors. Toyota decided they wanted to redesign the heads so they could squeeze 10 more hp out of it but if you snap a belt you can screw the whole motor. Very nice 😂😂
Thanks for the lesson in these belts. More of it please.
Glad there are people such as yourself wizard to educate the uneducated about vehicles. Thank you and thank you for your service..
Very informative in plain language. Thnx Wizard keep em coming
Nice to bring the topic down to a level that non-mechanical people could easily understand & learn. Great presentation.
I remember changing the timing chain on my 1939 Buick straight eight in 1963. Timing chain was very inexpensive & simple to replace.
i gotta tell ya. owning a Lexus ls400 that is paid off with all maintenance done is a real treat. thanks so much car wizard!
Excellent video Wizard, you should do more of these, you had great examples to show us. Well done, I understand timing belts and chains, but still neat to see an expert go through the fine details. Also, my friend has teenage boys I sent him this video to teach his boys the difference. I like videos that are straight to the point, but yet explains everything so well. That is what is great about your shop you have the everyday drivers cars to the exotics. A++ on this one Wizard.
I've had several older Hondas that required belt 'service'. Thanks for showing what and why that has to be done.
Excellent explanation and demonstration about timing belts and chains! I have a basic understanding of what their purpose is, but I've never actually seen them. Much appreciated!
You are spot on in regards to changing a belt driven water pump at the same time. The new belt will have different tension characteristics that will change the stress on the bearing and seal of the used pump and cause a fail in short order. One week on the car I learned from....
In California, all cars are required by law to go at least 105,000 miles before the belt has to be replaced, it can last longer than that, but the minimum is 105,000 miles.
My first knowkedge of timing was as a kid i was on s trip with my grandpa coming back after a car show to San Jose in his 57 Chevy BelAir. It had just won 1st place. The timing chain broke somewear outside of Petaluma. The car only had 26,000 miles in 1980.
Grandpa was a mechanic so he flagged down a driver who drove us to an autoparts store. To buy tools & parts. Took us back and we fixed it in the side of highway 101.
The good ole days.
Good choice to talk about a timing. Legendary 1uz is worlds easier to work than many many other cars ever made. Doesn't ever need to remove engine
Often it’s not the timing belt that fails but something else like a pulley, water pump or crankshaft seal (causing oil to leak on the belt) causing failure. It’s best to do it all every 10 years or 100k miles. It’s cheap insurance. 😅 I also prefer a belt over a chain because it’s usually easier to replace and it is done regularly whereas a guide can often fail on a chain or a chain stretches or something else breaks and it’s really hard to repair in comparison to an engine with a timing belt.
I'm glad you made this. I recently purchased a 2007 Golf R32 and it's got chains. And apparently the repair is around £2.5k compared to the belt which I usually pay £450-£500
It's a lot more work to replace the chain(s), because they are internal to the engine. That means there will be cast cover-plates to be removed, the chains and guides cost more, cland there's likely to be a more expensive tensioner to replace. It all has to be put back, taking great care to make sure it is oil-tight.
On a well designed engine with a timing belt it ought to be designed with it being a service item in mind. Sadly a lot of manufacturers ignore that part by cramming so much into an engine bay.
Nb. Modern timing belts are way better than those 30 years ago. There are now things like Kevlar available.
Hey Wizard, thank you! I really appreciate this style of instructional videos. I never pretend to be an expert, but by doing as much auto care as I can myself certainly keeps my BMW repair/maintenance/upgrade costs (more) affordable. Not only are you saving me some money, but you're helping me know when I actually need to take my car to a professional.
Love the video, especially when I has 2 timing chains replaced on my 2004 F150 a year ago
Hi car wizard, a point you might like to mention is that although chains, providing that service intervals are observed they can be counted in thousands of miles, the rubber belts age as well. Example my Rover 75 only had 37000 klm on the engine, but it was the original so 23 years old. Something to consider.
Bought a LS in 2021. I made sure it was chain driven not belt driven. Now I know what I’m going to deal with when the water pump needs to be replaced. I’ll make sure to check those chain guides as well. Thanks Mr Wizard !
I, for one, am glad that my 1GRFE comes with a timing chain. With proper lubrication, timing chains last for the life of the engine and more so nothing to worry about. Caveat being wrongly lubricated engine will destroy itself and the timing chain is usually the first to go.
Love when motorcycles are brought into car conversations. ❤
For motorcycles I have a Suzuki Vstrom, Royal Enfield Interceptor, and a Harley-Davidson Softail Deuce.
As my car of choice, always my Toyota 4runner. 2000 with 177,000 miles always runs strong.
High schools should be required to teach about timing belts and chains. It’s kinda important to prevent THOUSANDS in damage for millions of people.
Thanks wizard. Old short chains on American OHV V8, V6 were very reliable, except some with nylon sprockets. Long and multiple chains on DOHC engines with high DI fuel pump loading are subject to stretching, tensioner and guide issues. Should be inspected as precaution to total failures. SOHC non interference engine W/O DI using interval replaceable timing belt is good, because timing belt designed to be replaced and if belt breaks, no valve damage. Some old engines with cam in block just used two lubricated gears; no chains, no belt fears.
Good work as usual. I learned back in the 80's how to replace timing belts on Hondas, then to Alfas. (Busso V6)
A couple timing belts ago I Changed my 4A-FE timing belt, somehow got the cam gear timing off by ONE tooth. Engine coughed, sputtered, backfired, would not start. Till i slipped the top of belt off, the cam gear moved back one tooth (as if it was spring loaded), slipped the belt back on and fired right up, runs smooth to this day.
I have no idea what they do, Wizard. Thank you for doing this video.
love the new idea for vids wizzard. keep it real dawg
I just replaced the timing chain on my 2011 mercedes E350 CDI at 403k km (250k miles). It cost me a bit over 300€ to do. I didn't have any problems with the original chain but decided to change it for peace of mind.
Great video a lot of people who are not mechanical in mind like a lot of us are that work on cars don’t understand but sometimes people just don’t understand how a internal combustion engine exactly works this might help explain to them why repairs cost do much now days compared to years ago they are more complex today than they were years ago and this video might just might help them understand that again great vid 👍👍👍
Great Tutorial Wizard! Thank you. You missed your truly calling as an Automotive Instructor.. ;)
Spot on. Great Vid. Thank you Car Wizard..
Very good video showing the intricacies of taking apart those babies to change their timing belts/chains. People think they are easy (like a serpentine belt)...they are NOT!
I had an old (1986) Honda Accord. EFI, auto. I replaced the timing belt (it had been done by the dealer before, I had the paperwork). The crank timing belt mark on that engine is on the flywheel at the back of the engine block (marked white with a bit T stamped beside it). There was another mark (colored red) that was for the IGNITION timing (15 deg. if memory serves right). It turned out the timing belt was timed to the RED mark!
(Incidentally, the engine would rev fine up to about the 5k rpm or so, beyond that it would start sputtering, which I had thought it was some sort of rev limiter in action) New belt timed to the righT spoT and no more "rev limiter"
Isuzu's Timing Gear still rocks!
amen, though they really are only practical for single-bank inline engines.
Ram timing gears is better 😉😂😂
Thank You Sir ! As a retired Volvo Parts Manager I appreciate your " Public Safety / Service Lesson " ! Very well explained and knowledge that most young and some older like myself cannot grasp ! I will be sharing for all my family and friends that need an education ! Its not just gas and oil changes that are needed ! Some as you have shown cannot even change the oil on their cars ? Hope you were able to get those headers for your jaguar chevelle that I called you about 2 plus years ago and spoke with you about a source ? Any new bus updates ? Thanks again for your public service announcement ! A faithful subscriber ! God Bless ! P.s. Hello to your partner in life Mrs. Wizard !
Thank you Wizard,, For the simple, Down to earth explanation. It was great, Please do more videos like this!
Great video, Wizard!
What a great little vid mate..thanks..
Loving the Lotus in the back from time to time is absolutely gorgeous! Like a Lamborghini and a DeLorean had a child and produced that gorgeous thing!
This LS400 is truly a GREAT car. They don't make'm like this any more. UNFORTUNATELY. And this audi is a nigthmare.
I changed the timing belt myself in my 1987 Chevy Sprint (60k mile interval), but that had a simple SOHC 3-banger and it didn't require much disassembly to get to it. Believe me, I double and triple checked the timing marks were perfectly aligned before I buttoned it all up, then said a quick prayer before turning the key 😀 The next 2 vehicles I owned had chains, so no change interval and didn't need to get them replaced. The 2 after that had belts, but by then everything was far more complex so I paid to get them done. Now I'm back to chains so hopefully no replacement.
Even with 30+ years of experience in IT, I will never pass on an opportunity to hear an expert talk about subjects I know well, since there's always something you can learn. So anybody should watch this video, if for nothing else to get a look at a beautiful Ferrari V8.
i changed the timing belt on a gf's sprint in the 90s when she needed a water pump
I agree very stressful on the first start up.😅
@@perpetualgrin5804 indeed stressful on first attempt. I had that feeling when I first installed induction cooktop in my previous home. One wire wrong and it could have catastrophic consequences. Checked all of multiple times.
I haven't done a belt change yet but I'm confident i can do it. I also have a Hayes car manual explaining how to do it properly. Luckily I don't need to remove the engine mount to reach the belt. That would really be a step to far for diy.
Good job WIZARD !!!!!!!!!
That was very good and educational! Thanks Wizard
I have done it on Mercedes, Audi and others. The Audi was a pain in the ass, a 2005 TTS. The older MB (1958) is a snap. It uses a chain. Promised myself I would never own an Audi. I have had four of them since. Audi has changed to a chain. Chains can “stretch.” What happens is that each link will wear a little and there is a lot of them. Suppose there is 100 links in the chain and each one wears 0.001”. Then the chain would be one inch longer. Eventually the tensioner can’t keep up with the longer chain. Plus the timing is getting off.
My arithmetic was off a decimal place. Sorry.
Very informative video - thanks for posting.
Great video Wizard
Very well explained, easy to understand., thank you.
I just bought TWO 2003 ES300s for under $5000. 170,000 miles. Luckily has timing belts, but non interference.
Very good video! Manufacturers seem to have gone back to chains now. I had a 1982 Ford Ranger with the 2.3 liter 4. It had a timing belt and I pushed it to far. The belt broke and left me stranded. Luckily, the 2.3 is a non-interference engine, so no engine damage. Later, I bought the special Ford tool and successfully changed the belt a few times. Even on that engine, it was an all day job(at least for me). you had to remove all the accessories to get to the timing belt cover.
Great video, thank you. I understand timing belts, but this was great to watch.
Just replaced a timing belt on another 1UZ out of a SC400. That belt had 212,000 miles on it. It looked similarly, but still had plenty of strength left. I hung an engine and trans combo on it from a hoist overnight (only about half an inch off the wood support blocks) - single loop, not double loop - so full weight, not half weight. Still holding the next morning. These belts are a lot more robust than the manufacturer lets on by their recommended intevals. Had an Acura 5-cylinder that I recently replaced the belt after 120,000 miles (rec. interval 90,000). Belt still looked primo - no cracking, rubber still pliable.
One thing I didn't see mentioned is a second reason why the water pump is replaced with timing belt, besides easy access with belt work. Often, a new timing belt, which probably has less flex in it than an older one, is likely to cause a marginal water pump to fail soon after belt replacement due to higher transient forces from belt on the bearing/bushing and seal.
Another very helpful video. Thank you!
Thanks Wiz!
When I bought my Volvo XC90 with an D5 5cyl inline diesel the car had 170.000km on the guage, and the interval for changing the timingbelt was 180.000km so I asked the Volvo dealer to change it before we go got it and put the cost on the bill, it feels much safer to have it done in time than spend another $1200 in just a few months!
I learned what a timing belt was back in 1990 while driving my 1986 Mazda 626. The engine died on the freeway and had no clue until towed to the shop. Oh, your belt snapped but your engine is non-interference so you are Ok. After that I changed my own and that car is so simple to do. Today the only car I have with a belt is a 91 Mazda 626 so still easy. All others have timing chains from 1965-2018.
Go GM 3800 Series engines!! One serpentine belt and one timing chain. Great design. It's really unfortunate what manufacturers are doing to the consumer. Complicated and costly and geared towards obsolescence. Very few cars today are built with longevity in mind. I'll stick with my Buick 3800 engine for another 20+ years.
both are good, they both have been used for decades threw many car companies, it all comes down to how hard the vehicle is abused and treated, then doing maintenance so they both last for years, in the end most consumers dont care how they work or why, just when they break and need repair by you, big bucks everywhere $$$$$$. i could remember when folks said the chain was best, no the belt is best, were in a hype time of chains, now that were all repairing timing chains and variable cams, the timing belt sounds good again. the exstent of the wizzards video here exsplaining the depth of how many things are related to the chain or belt is very well done, like he said no one wants to understand this type of repair. nice video.
Very informative - thanks