Necrosis | Cell Injury | General Pathology 🩺
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- Опубликовано: 19 авг 2024
- #drnajeeb #medicines #pharmacology #pathology #necrosis
Necrosis | Cell Injury | General Pathology 🩺
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(0:00-2:40)
Necrosis is a PATHWAY to cell death; a result of IRREVERSIBLE injury. Cell Death due to an irreversible injury can follow one of two pathways; either Necrosis or Apoptosis.
Appreciate that; a dead tissue cut off from the body is not a necrotic tissue; a necrotic tissue would still be attached to the body; and it’s the body which would be initiating necrosis against it.
(2:41-4:00)
DIFFERENTIATE B/W NECROSIS & APOPTOSIS:
Necrosis is ALWAYS a pathological cell injury; which may be due to trauma, severe ischemia, toxins or radiations etc. In other words, it is always an "Unwanted" injury.
Apoptosis; may be physiological or pathological; when the body wants to remove some cells or even a tissue; it utilizes the process of Apoptosis. It is always "Wanted" or a "Needed" injury.
(4:01-6:54)
DEFINITION OF NECROSIS: A series of morphological changes, occurring in a lethally injured cell that cannot recover & reverse from nor adapt & adjust to the stress of injury.
These morphological changes take anywhere between 4-12 hours to appear histologically; at which point they can be observed with a light microscope. These changes may occur in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus or any other organelle of the cell.
Note that; just the Cell Injury itself is NOT necrosis; it’s the SERIES OF CHANGES that occur to a lethally injured cell that is referred to as Necrosis, and these changes will invariably lead to DEATH of the cell.
(6:55-14:34)
MECHANISM OF INJURY;
Necrotic cell cannot create its own ATP and ends up hogging the body's energy reserves; also due to Anaerobic Respiration, Lactic Acid accumulates and makes the intracellular environment acidic. Hence, there is a need to eliminate these injured cells.
Necrotic changes occurring in a cell take place through the following mechanism:
1-INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN DENATURATION; This includes Structural & Functional Proteins (e.g., enzymes, pumps, etc.); loss of structural proteins will destroy the cell's integrity & will result in a spillover of its contents.
2-ENZYMATIC DIGESTION of the severely injured cells; Lysosomes are organelles carrying a cell’s proteolytic enzymes. They may burst in an injured cell; which leads to proteolysis of all cellular components. Since, it’s the cells’ own enzymes doing the lysis, we call this Autolysis. When foreign enzymes released by either Neutrophils or a microbe present; it is Heterolysis.
All these processes further contribute to the morphological changes we define as Necrosis.
(14:36-20:17)
3-LOSS OF INTEGRITY of plasma membrane of a necrotic cell; Plasma Membrane of the cell is disrupted; Intracellular constituents come out into the extracellular environment; cell starts "bleeding" in a way; unable to maintain the integrity of its’ plasma membranes.
Injurious enzymes leak out and irritate surrounding tissues. An inflammatory response is elicited; vasodilation, increased permeability, leukocytes infiltration; trying to eat or remove necrotic cell and repairing tissues. [Necrosis does not occur in one cell alone; Apoptosis may].
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@@DoctorNajeeb if necrosis is removed by surgery, what are the chances of returning and how can it be prevented? What are your thoughts on Tamoxifen and Radiation? Wouldn't Radiation cause more damage? You're feedback is greatly appreciated,thank you
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