1. Introduction to Human Behavioral Biology
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- Опубликовано: 19 май 2024
- (March 29, 2010) Stanford professor Robert Sapolsky gave the opening lecture of the course entitled Human Behavioral Biology and explains the basic premise of the course and how he aims to avoid categorical thinking.
Stanford University
www.stanford.edu
Stanford Department of Biology
biology.stanford.edu/
Stanford University Channel on RUclips
/ stanford
"yeah i took a class at stanford"
7:23 pause
Maybe you should change your name to darren school, so people know😩
..should ask for your money back.. lol
Haha
That’s awesome 👏
Lectures hit different when you’re not pressured by grades.
I wish I could go back to college and just learn stuff without having to take any tests
@@bigbufobufo you can! It’s called “auditing a class”
Ohhh that'll explain why i'll watch these in my free time but redused too when i actually took courses like this
so... true...
Facts - plus this mans giving out bagels with cream cheese and I'm just wishing I had more profs like this. Had a few but still, I can count them on one hand and by and large most were just so dry and uninspired. It seems as if so many professors nowadays just purchase textbooks, assignments and slide packages for their courses, feels lazy. I swear people appease their professors and have to find their own actual mentors/professors in their free time. It's so hard to learn anything when It's unengaging
For 11 years I've been coming back to this. It is still one of the most profound learning experiences available. Sapolsky its truly one of the finest human gems we had a chance to share time with on this planet.
just discovered this, excited :)
You scared me when I first read this I thought he passed away 😫
@@CoachAdeja I honestly hope he has many beautiful and joyful years of life ahead of him
He seems to be a very gifted communicator.
He and Walter Lewin who was an MIT physics professor.
I hope he’s still teaching. He is a wonderful professor, and I can tell he enjoys his work.
If anyone is interested, he wrote a book a few years ago called Behave. It is an absolute masterpiece.
Yeah I'm reading it currently and it's absolutely amazing
@@jr.bobdobbsnoted 👍
Hello, he is still teaching, hes actually my favorite professor atm
@@Technovex You're in his in-person classes? At Stanford? That's so cool!
i've completed the full cycle of procrastination, going so far into the depths of not doing homework that i end up taking a stanford intro class on youtube
hahahaha thats hilarious! humans are great!
Literally how I found this video. Months later I'm in bed truly enjoying it all done with finals :)
And its even more ironic when you think it's a Stanford lecture on human behavior which encompasses your procrastination. You might be biting the bullet more than you think, in the long run lol
Lol
Same
when you procrastinate so much you start watching lecture videos💀
we are the same person
Me too.. Lol
This is hilarious hahahaha.
Guiltyyyyy
That's not procrastination
The book by him, which he didn't say the name of, is the
Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers
(he mentions it again in lecture 3)
You are a life saver, thank you mate
Do you know anything about the downlodable papers he mentions around minute 49:00 ?...and all the other things - as Q&A's, slideshows, lecture notes and so on
I love you
Thank you so much, i was trying to figure which book he was talking about!
How does he know zebras dont get ulcers?
I'm Brazilian and I was feeling a little bit down for lacking money to study abroad using my university program. However, here I am watching this astonishing lecture. I loved this professor and I feel so excited to learn again🥺🤩
Same here 🥺 i can't even afford to get out of my country hope our lives will change into what we like 💗
@@giubl5763 simmm, to praticando muito meu inglês e quero muito aprender francês depois
u LOVED him ( meaning that now u do NOT ?
@@gregoryludkovsky5185I loved him watching this playlist, I didn't even remember him until you commented this lol
indicação do Eslen não é mesmo?
The fact that we can access this lecture without having to attend Stanford is mind-blowing. What a time to be alive!
I absolutely agree! It feels like such a cheat-code.
Tabula Rasa very
I only wish I could talk to him, and have him mark my work, that would be amazing, its the ability to access the teachers that make this education so valuable, they are instrumental in the learning, although I am enjoying this lecture :) this is amazing
We have the world's knowledge at our disposal but we're running ourselves into the gutter. We can do better
you could have said the same thing 40 years ago when video tapes were popular
Just pointing put, someone wrote 57 minutes of subtitles for a lecture. Shout out to you my guy.
You mind Mr./Ms. Algo Rythm?
RUclips does that automatically
@@LaLfixx youtube does it but someone put english subtitles too. If you look there is two options for subtitles/ CC, one is automatic (with some errors) and the one is English CC, which is very exact and correct. Someone took their time and wrote subtitles lol
It's just as translating movies as long as hour and half or two
After 4 million + views, there's gonna be someone with OCD that is bothered enough by the auto translator errors to fix it.
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
00:00 📚 The course starts by illustrating a scenario of abnormal behavior, highlighting the potential influence of genetics.
01:26 🧬 Genetic influence on sexual orientation, prenatal events affecting political opinions, and using biology to understand religious beliefs are discussed.
03:17 🌡️ Certain events, like having a period, brain tumors, junk food consumption, and steroid use, have been used as defenses in murder cases due to hormonal impacts.
06:34 💔 Body's physiological state can dramatically affect brain functions, and vice versa.
08:30 📊 Humans simplify complex problems by categorizing information, but this can lead to oversimplification and misunderstanding.
11:20 🎨 The example of colors and language differences demonstrates how categories affect perception and memory.
15:08 📞 Categorization affects our ability to accurately recall sequences, like phone numbers.
17:52 🐔 The example of subway stops shows how categories influence interpretation and prediction.
21:18 🧠 The course aims to explore the complex relationships between physiological processes and behavior, avoiding oversimplified explanations.
23:44 🔍 The course structure involves tracing behaviors back through various factors, including hormones, development, genetics, and evolution.
24:13 🧬 Behavior is influenced by biological factors such as hormones and genes, leading to the interaction of endocrinology and genetics.
25:35 🤔 Challenge: Avoid falling into categorical thinking while analyzing complex behaviors and influences.
27:02 🧠 Historical figures in psychology and biology exhibited flawed categorical thinking, underestimating the complexity of human behavior.
32:43 🌍 Human behaviors are characterized by their varying levels of similarity and uniqueness compared to other species.
36:59 🔄 Recognize moments when humans share ordinary physiology with other animals but use it uniquely for empathy, compassion, and stress response.
40:16 💬 Humans exhibit behaviors that are unparalleled in the animal kingdom, such as language use and complex sexual practices.
43:07 📚 The course is designed for students with diverse backgrounds, and additional catchup sections will be provided for those unfamiliar with certain topics.
45:31 🧠 Behavioral biology is relevant in various aspects of life, from decision-making to understanding mental health, making informed choices important.
46:00 ⏰ Weekly sections, midterm, and final exams will structure the course, with breaks provided during class for convenience.
46:29 📚 Two assigned books: One by the instructor (optional), another is "Chaos" by James Gleick.
47:23 🌪️ "Chaos" challenges reductionism; behavior is complex like a cloud, not a clock.
48:49 📖 Lectures on chaos and complexity, readings available online, varying levels of depth.
50:45 🖥️ Course materials online, lecture notes, Q&A, office hours, sections for different backgrounds.
52:39 🗂️ Utilize skilled TAs, regular and advanced sections, evolving sections for different needs.
53:07 ⏰ Class is five units due to heavy class time, taped lectures available online.
54:04 📆 Midterm on May 3rd (7:30 PM), final on June 4th (5:15 PM), multiple-choice format due to class size.
55:29 🧠 Midterm focuses on basic understanding, final emphasizes interdisciplinary thinking.
56:54 🕒 Final clarification on exam timings.
Amazing, man!! Thanks
you're a saint, thank you!
You’re incredible. thanks!
Don't remove the source, It's made using HARPA AI
Only robot scum would timestamp and caption the date and time for exams on a 12 year old lecture p
First of all, i can't properly express how grateful I am that I live at the age of moder technology - that I am able to attend such a great lecture while cooking in God forgotten country, to laugh along those students, to come to new approaches and views beside them. I really do hope that the professor knows that making this available to everybody is act of unbelievable kindness.
Secondly, lectures like his make me remember why I love learning so much; why I always should stay curious about things around me even though my own college years are gone.
And third thing? I am a teacher, too, and I aspire to be the same way this man is - full of humor, kind, knowledgeable and approachable, truly making people to want to seek the knowledge, to think.
Once again, thank you, from the very bottom of my heart.
This just made me realize that I really haven’t had that many good teachers in my life
Lol you aren’t the only one. The only good teachers I had was an art teacher, and yet art is laughed at these days.
They don't spend 100k a year for nothing (just throwing a figure out , but Stanford is high yah :p)
Some professors have a gift. Not only can they teach but they do it in a way that captures the audience and draws them in. That alone helps students remember course material. Some professors are so influential, they can point one to a new major.
Half of my teachers in what in my country is the equivalent of senior high school were confirmed alcoholics (i.e. they did not do a good job of hiding it). The majority of them were slow and drowsy throughout the day while some of them even got violent regularly; though, while they were not allowed to touch students, there was seemingly no law that prohibited throwing things at students or yelling at them from a micro-wave-length distance. While this was a fun distraction for the usual suspects (daredevils and class clowns, you might call them), some of the more fragile individuals regularly went home crying. I remember a particularly choleric teacher-on-the-bottle, the class of whom I dreaded because, idiot I am, I was seated in the front row. He was pretty much hated by everyone, but he always kept his cool around other teachers, and so we, the students, were stuck with him for eternity, or so we thought. Long story short, he died during one summer vacation (amazingly enough, not due to liver failure). When news got around, virtually the entire student body that had had classes with him, threw impromptu parties to commemorate the occasion. It was one of those reality-is-weirder-than-fiction, ding-dong-the-witch-is-dead moments. The abscence of that loathsome teacher markedly improved the mood in the entire school, though, I have to say. The following school year, for the first time, we got a chemistry teacher, who was not chasing Jack. Which I thought impossible, but there you go.
Even now, over a decade later, I hear stories of former teachers of mine, their fondness for liquor of which I either was not aware at the time of their teaching or who later became dependent on ethanol-rich drinks. Sometimes, jokingly, I believe that alcoholism was an entry requirement for that particular school.
Who has
honestly, Its crazy how much easier information is retained when you voluntarily seek it. When i was in school i would have never listened to this and would have been dying to get out of there. Now that i have the ability to learn on my own time I retain and look for information on a much higher level. Incredible.
this is so damn true
The truth has been spoken. 🐐 👏🏻
I don't like being tested in any way, shape, or form, and back in school, whether I was excellent at a subject or not, I would always try to get out of the classroom as soon as possible during exams. It's weird how I have this kind of seemingly counter-productive stubbornness when I'm being tested by an individual or an institution, whereas on my own free time, I would happily choose to learn about something, and revisit it over and over until it's stuck. I literally find myself learning about new stuff every day, and the fact that there are no tests involved makes me feel like an old school knowledge seeker from back where institutions weren't a thing. I have no degrees (I left my original mediocre high school degree at the university when I decided to drop out unannounced after passing all my first-semester exams with flying colors), and yet I helped people from all over the world with all kinds of tech problems. I never thought in a million years that something that I started learning on my own when I was a teenager would one day lead to helping a business owner with a 5-million-dollar income.
My English teacher back in high school once said to a supervisor, and his assistant - out of the blue - while I was there, "The thing about Ahmed is that he's very opinionated." Before that, he was like, "I brought the guy who's gonna fix your computer, guys." And I was like, "But that wasn't our agreement, Teach!" Since I asked him to come with me to speed up the bureaucratic process of getting a copy of my school certificate. 😅 I ended up removing malware manually from the supervisor's computer, optimizing the system, and filling out the whole school certificate myself in like a minute, which made me wonder, "Wow, and they say I have to wait from Monday through Thursday for this? Goddamn bureaucrats!" 😂 It's one of my earliest memories as an IT guy. I remember while I was working on their potato PC, the supervisor being so condescending like, "Well, what you're [capable of] doing isn't really 'in parallel' of what we teach at the school." as if that were a bad thing. Since I never miss a chance to be sassy, I was like, "Well, if I relied on what we're taught here, I'd still be struggling to differentiate between a mouse, and a keyboard." And then he said, "Well, but you skip school to learn these things, and that's not good." And I was like, "Well, you're not the one in class every day, having to deal with annoyingly talkative students who don't even know how to put their pens down without making noise. As far as I'm concerned, skipping school to learn really interesting stuff is always worth it." And then he just shook his head in disapproval. Thing is, that supervisor knew my dad very well, so I always assumed he just liked to play the devil's advocate, while also trying to avoid giving those who are around the impression that there's some kind of favoritism involved; I actually appreciate people like that, because I don't want people to treat me in a certain way just because they know my dad, and I'm too unapologetic to care, because just like many people survive by being dishonest, and evasive, I survive by being honest, and direct.
Finally, Thank you, aletter1718, for being the reason I wrote all this. 😁🙏🏻
Being tested causes anxiety
I doubt your teachers were as good as this,though:))
You're seeing the difference between being autodidactic and industrialized education.
Every human should listen to this entire series. It gives you so much insight into human anthropology, behavior etc.
These videos are pretty old at this point but nonetheless pertinent. I think Sapolsky is still alive and there's absolutely nothing boring about listening to him, he keeps things moving right along, and a bit of humor gets thrown in here and there. I'm so thankful this series was conserved for humanity.
Obviously an expert in his field. Additionally, an excellent communicator.
This guy is a seriously gifted educator.
I'm not only in awe of his knowledge, but about his speaking skills as well. This was 1 hour of him constantly speaking without using any 'uuuhs', stopping words or hesitations in forming sentences...like he was reading out a book! Insanely good
6:57 was an "uhhh" ;-)
ok I'm not taking anything away from the guy but I literally caught an 'uhhh' in the first minute
anomaly P this is what he’s done for years. And that’s why I am here, give me some knowledge to apply to life.
14:48 HAHA first mistake he is human!!
He loves what he is doing.
This is the thing that RUclips needs to recommend more often and not about celebrities or bloggers babbling about their freaking stuffs.
That's a great point!
what is this i just stumbled across it what did you lern
depends on what you're interested in, i.e. what you usually watch. watch more of this and YT will recommend more of the same
Errrrrm yeah, I suppose
RUclips recommendations are personalized most of the time. Stop searching about them then.
As always, the difference between enjoying a subject and not enjoying a subject is the way it's presented, and whether or not it's presented with actual genuine passion. Clearly, Robert is doing a fantastic job here. Kudos and praise to him. Many thanks for making this publicly available, it's what all universities should do with all their subjects.
I'm Egyptian And I Think this course just changed the way I think about how my brain works Thank you, prof. Sapolsky and thank Stanford,
for a moment I really hoped that I was born and raised in California and joined this university, but I'm grateful for finding out this course is free online
@@bojohannesen4352 i dont know i just love to mention it everywhere 😂😂
LOL love the random nationality drop 🤣
After 5 months, it just hits me how cringe this comment is, but I will not delete it 😂
@@ZIDANz it's history now, you can't delete it!!!
I'm not even taking this class and I'm stressed about the midterm
I feel like I'm supposed to be taking notes
same im not even in college and im stressing about it
Apply what you learn daily and you won’t have to take notes or stress about a test.
BWAHAHAHA!!!
@@burdeegirl You jest, but I've been mindlessly writing notes for the past fifteen minutes.
I started watching this playlist some five years ago... I'm now a grad student... in neuroscience. Sapolsky... this very video, actually... was my first introduction to the field... that field became my life. Returning to this is a crazy experience.
GOOD ON YOU LAD
❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
I wanna go into neuroscience too :)
I hope you will have a good life and bring us closer to understanding ourselves.
That's amazing! 💪❤
What a brilliant opening. Elaborates on a scenario and brings attention to the mystery of it's reasons. Then presents a number of interesting proposals in quick succession, establishing the kind of things that are to be discussed in the lectures and implicitly saying these are to be discussed later on. He executes it so well.
As someone who possessed neither the academic skills nor the financial means to attend a prestigious university as a young adult, it is not lost on me now at age 51 just how absolutely incredible it is that the entirety of the world's knowledge is available to me with just a few clicks. I will never not be in awe of it.
you know a class is good when a 15 year old boy watches it voluntairily on his pc in his free time
You also understood 1% of what was talked about here. Go out into the world and explore. Gain experience. Knowledge leads to wisdom, but you also need to put things to the test
Stella, don’t listen to Marco, he doesn’t know the first thing about your life or intellectual abilities. Just because he likely would only have understood 1% of it when he was 15 doesn’t mean that’s true for you. I agree with him in that intellect is best sharpened by a balance between academics and learned experience from a variety of different activities, but that is up to you to find that balance.
@lynell music Good for you ! Never stop learning, or indulging your intellectual cravings !
I think the 15 year old is good.
@@teacherdave27 yeah fuck Marco!
What a good lecturer. Tone changes, speed changes, jokes in interval, all while delivering succinct info
What else you expect from a top notch behavioral biology prof?
sUcCiNcT
P
Wus tha mean.
Yes he’s very easy to understand. I find emphasis i super important cos allot of teachers don’t emphasise the important stuff
I watched I think all 24 or 25 of his lectures and even seen Robert on some fairly resent podcasts. He is very informative, intelligent, and has an entertaining style to teaching an interesting subject(s) that could be dry and boring if attempted by others. Great job!!!!!
Just love to hear this professor. Would have loved to have him when I was in college. He loves to teach and loves people, relates really well with his students. And highly intelligent and has a unique interesting personality.
No “uh’s” or “um’s” from this guy. Brilliant speaker.
Just pointing put, someone wrote 57 minutes of subtitles for a lecture. Shout out to you my guy.
That’s a bucket
2:18
Funny that you mention that. Because the way be can continually speak in such a way had me initially wondering if he on the spectrum if autism. But he's probably just comfortable in the subject and setting. See what my brain's doing? Buckets
@@cepolt Time to systematically remove anyone without autism to remove the inferior "ums" and "uhs" then! :D
The basic quality of a teacher is to provoke interest in his/her students on the subject if not it's their first failure, Here's one guy who really did that, absolutely riveting!
@@anilkumar-ph1qi 😂😂
@@anilkumar-ph1qi winden ani...ikkade pakkana
be careful..because, as I commented in my OP here: he's 100% wrong about what he said about the synchronization of the menses of women, how it happens. so, please don't go spreading around what he said about that. he has no idea what he's talking about.
@@DiandraStarShine sweety it literally happens. I doubt you’re a woman. I’d suggest “further reading”
@@DiandraStarShine It absolutely does happen.
Absolutely mind-blowing. What an incredible communicator this professor is. Thank you for sharing this freely with the world!
Deeply absorbing series of lectures by a master of exposition - thank you Stanford for sharing. RUclips is an amazing resource and repository of knowledge; we are very lucky to have it.
stanford: really hard to get into and 70k per year.
also stanford: giving out their most interesting course for free on youtube.
people in 2021: we're bored so yeah we're here.
it really be like that lol
Hey me too very in Interesting I feel like I'm in class with you
there are enough stupid people to pay for brainwashing, just like carl ikahn said
Consider it as free advertisement. It encourages people to compete more for entrance into Stanford whether it is young who want to study or adults that encourage others to send their children into Stanford.
@@comprehendnature2404 Free education on RUclips. I guess you could pay tens of thousands of dollars per year for what you can get for free on the internet. Maybe you’re paying for a piece of paper that influences other people. I’m sure it’s worth the price for some people.
The fact that this is available to anyone who has an internet connection is what it means to be truly connected to the rest of the world and its knowledge. and also, this guy probably kills it at social gatherings.
If putting these videos up for free was the professors idea then he made a damn good choice. I actually agree with him on his opinion that everyone should learn about the content in the video and the videos following this one. The world’s broken rn and the best anyone can do is use their brain to understand their morality and how they can help other people to help themselves. It was never going at it solo, it’s how you can help the world to which it can help you some day in return
It's pretty neat that anyone who's interested can get a bit of knowledge for no cost. You don't get the degree like the students, but you get some good coffee shop banter
Maybe yes, maybe no. My students were surprised to learn that I had social anxiety. They asked, " How can you teach so well?" I said, "I know what to say when I teach."
Yes it is a great breakthrough and allows for many to get a better education if they deem to do so. but some will be reluctant like this tommy tooter who called DR. Sapolsky a ghoul for his stance on religion and said he was in Kenya carving on gorilla brains.. in several of his delusional videos. last one being a female child was born. They do not go by biology instead they will to believe anything off tumblr
@@chaoticfloralarrangement8741 butterfly affect 🥰
I am listening to this lecture totally out of curiosity and I find the lecture extremely informative, and enlightening. His interesting delivery of the lectures made me think about why I haven't done my major in human behavioral biology! I find the topic extremely interesting and I am gonna finish listening to all the lectures in this lecture series. Thank you for making the knowledge easily accessible.
These lectures changed my life , I watched it three times now
Whenever he starts to explain something and you dont fully get what that really means in real life, he goes „let me give you an example“ and thats just brilliant!
agreed , i am a big fan of examples when explaining things.
That’s how professors should teach. Not treat you like a scientist when you are a student yet.
a sales technique - agree
When you needed examples this is not your place bro #facts😂🤷♀️
I wish my all teachers taught like this in school, it makes it so much easier to learn!
this guys looks exactly like what you'd expect a professor of human behavioral biology would look like
Exactly
Take a look at the TA's.....they all look like they live in a cave and just rolled out of bed...
He looks a bit crazy i think
He's the most amazing person. I took this class in 2003 or 2004, and his energy really drew everyone into the class. There's a reason it was over-enrolled every quarter it was offered.
Whatever. Everything about this creeps presentation is off-putting. As an " expert" in the field of human behavior, he, like most "experts" is a clueless charlatan.
I listened to this course twelve years ago when I was still a college student, he's really an awesome teacher.
Love this series on the site. Thank you to Stanford for keeping these up. And THANK YOU Robert Sapolsky for sharing your knowledge to those willing to listen!
Smart professor stupid school
This lecture is an example of how you are drawn to certain subjects in school solely because of the way it was taught. One can develop interest in any discipline just by learning from the good teachers. God bless you for making these lectures publicly available.
Agree 💁🏻♀️
Totally agree!!
This is a RUclips rabbit hole with massive benefits for exploring. I did find it ironic though that he is explaining that the science is pointing to the fact that science isn't the best tool for describing behavior. What makes Dr Sapolsky so effective though I think is that he doesn't teach in a linear or analytical way. His talks are full of inference, analogy and humor, making the knowledge gained connect more broadly with the listener's own experience. He also seems to be a some sort of wizard at pushing limbic buttons at opportune times to make things memorable. He is truly a master teacher on so many levels.
Absolutely. Can change your life.
Good point
Can this guy teach everything? He is so concise, calm and articulated. He makes me want to go back to school.
My thoughts exactly. I wish I studied psychology.
@@karenhovgaard9163 same here! I'm starting to think maybe information technology wasn't the field meant for me. I really enjoy these videos.
But his beard. Urgh
@@rider2731 Yeah I'm jealous of it too.
@@rider2731 comon you enjoy his talk and ability to pass on HIS knowledge, is beard is cool, but apart of that. would we rather be though by a moron in a tie clean shaved, who stands talking but can pass on the teaching? those are the majority , that's why people quit Uni, but Teachers like are the best with or without beard. keep well and enjoy the learning
Thankful that this is posted for everyone to access. There's nothing like the feeling of hanging onto every word of an incredible lecturer, especially when we don't have to worry about taking notes or grades!
The way he explains everything with humor and making sure even the slowest of students can get it right makes him one of the best teachers I have ever seen. I will have to watch the other 25 videos now lol
I'm so grateful for living in an era where this kind of content is available like this. I'm from Brazil and I wouldn't be able to listen to this amazing classes if Stanford and professor Sapolsky weren't so kind to make it available online. Thank you.
Just like me
Also me. :)
thanks to USA
Exatamente! Concordo com você
Brazilian here! Learning from Stanford lectures... I could have never dreamt of it when I was in my teens craving for quality information! Internet is something!
I would turn up for every single one of Robert Sapolskys lectures. The guy is the definition of an engaging educator.
Lies again? HDB HBB
I love that fly
Agree
@@bluecordsoldier2508 aē
@@dereksaltamachia4633 rçø
I’ve watched a few of his lectures. I like him. Smart guy. He seems not just genuine and entertaining but friendly too. I wish there were more professors / teachers like this.
Omg genuinely EVERY lecture for this class is on this channel that’s genuinely amazing you can actually learn what people are paying thousands to learn just by RUclips madness
Imagine going to university and actually getting lecturers of this calibre
That is technically easy. The problem is the people with the presentation skills want to be in film and theater.
I luckily have at community College. Genius sociology prof.
I did at Northern AZ University. Graduated in ‘97. I feel so lucky for those amazing professors. That’s why I love sapolsky, so familiar and wonderful.
yeah
Uh, I got stuff this interesting in community college. But that was 30 years ago.
The fact that the fall semester just finished and I was stressing out about school so happy it's finally over, then the next day I'm sat here voluntarily watching this whole thing speaks volumes to how good this professor is
I'm currently doing that same thing right now hahaha
@@saragarcia2262 it starts again soon 😢 dread
This is so impressive. I love it so much.
This is awesome! Thank you for making it available to everyone!😊👍
Took me over a year to finish this course, read chaos and went down that rabbithole too! Best course I've ever done!!
I didn't even graduate high school, but I'm here attending at Stanford.
Hahaha
Like a boss
Haha
Never too late to take an alternative pathway to university or college if you want to man 💪
It is never too late to become what you might have been.. T.S. Elliot
Keep learning Kepler It is great you decided to go on your own and learn a bit more than basic education. In doing so you will enrich your mind and your life.
I accidentally clicked on this, but I'm just going to act like I walked into this class, sat down and played it cool.
Same
🥂❤️🤣😂. Me too!!!
The sex talk keeps me interested! Lol
same, i was watching his other video, and this popped up
Lmao. Same.
This has popped up on my recommended since 2015 or so… and I never watched it until now. Wow… what a shame. This guy is great!
I am a Stanford grad. Biology of Behavior with Sapolsky was my favorite class. High recommendation to "take" this class here on youtube. And you won't have to take notes or do the readings or take the exams either...just absorb the information.
Cheers for telling this, mate!
What was your biggest take away from the course,If Imay ask?
@@rogerbalmaceda7762 me too, took the class in '96. I think this class showed me as an overarching theme, to really think critically about nuance. Most complicated things in life can not be boiled down to simple binary things. 'yes' or 'no'. 'nature' or 'nurture'. A simple/lazy mind will fight complexity by going down this default route. Fight this in your own mind!
@@willzsportscards Do you think determinism is binary? Or do you think it explains all human behaviour, or could explain all human behaviour if we had access to all the variables involved?
Big Kahuna what was the book that he wrote that was recommended for the course?
if all my professors were like this guy, i’d die happy.
And I’d have retained something.
I had an English teacher who made the works of the greats we studied feel like I was going to space. I am very grateful for her.
@@emeraldcelestial1058
Dude, sophomore junior and senior year I had the same English teacher and he would request me through admin every year :)
🤣😂
Me too
It could be fascinating how valuable information could be presented online, yet don’t look for it and so you don’t find it. Finally in the quest of looking for a proper question which resulted in finding this video. Thank you for sharing. You’ve got my focus.
Been holding out on this one for a while. I see why this was recommended. This lecture is mind-opening.
This guy gave a lecture at my high school. A decade later, I still vividly remember it. One of the smartest men I've ever heard speak.
Can you explain the point on 14:10 to me? I didn't get the B and P thing
I got former drug dealers giving lectures back in high-school. Huh... the socioeconomic differences between us are stark.
@@Its-a-me-maddy The Finnish man pronounces P as B. Their intonation sounds like they are saying Bear, but in reality, they are actually pronouncing Pear.
he’s captivating !
@@fray-roe1715 I feel ya!
Published 10 years ago -- and it has just hit 10M views.
Thank you to Dr. Sapolsky and Stanford for sharing the most valuable of knowledge with us.
Thank you Stephanie Soressi
sami flaggan?
He said the worst quote is from the Nationalsocialists. Yet after that quote, looking carefully at our modern Society and World... it turned out to be correct. You can hate it, you can deny it... but the reality is that we live in a Society that strives for Human degeneration on all aspects of Society and Social Integrity. The World is in a constant Downfall.
""Es ist notwendig das ich für mein Volk sterbe, aber mein Geist wird sich erheben aus dem Grab und die Welt wird wissen, daß ich recht hatte"
@@TheBlackfall234 Ok, nazi sympathizer
I took this class two years ago and found myself rereading my notes from the class on my flight back home. Here I am watching the lectures again, this time not for a grade, but just as entertaining 🎉
I didn't have an opportunity to go to university but like the saying goes, he who wants to learn Will always find a teacher but in this matter the Stanford university has just given me the kindness that I didn't deserve but they only offered it for free.thank you so much from Zambia
“And you get a bagel with cream cheese” this man not only taught his class but he rewarded and fed them, now that’s a legend.
The student later died he poisoned the bagel look it up
@@bobbyfishlips5689 what
It's almost like he knows something about student behavior.
@@schumbo8324 true story man its crazy
@@schumbo8324 it's a joke
mom would be so proud knowing me attended a Stanford (online) course, with 100% scholarship (bc it's free)
Hahahahahahhahqhajajah
🥳🤜💥🤛💫
Watch a ton of university video's the last year and you come out of covid year like a top notch person on about every front. No young person should have see this last year as "wasted" because you widened your horizon by a mile or 20. And it's all free lessons and you can follow whenever suits you.
I watch these baked and I feel better
@@phillipjacobs9982 IM watching it high af rn
While living and studying in North America, I was so lucky to have professors like Mr. Sapolsky. While I was working for HP, Stanford folks would come around regularly on our campus to offer many post graduate programs. I was too busy at work to take that on, but I was lucky enough to work with and work for some folks who had graduated from these programs. Some of the best people I ever worked with who had incredible level of understanding. The education system that makes such lectures possible makes a great nation, albeit with all it's short comings. I now live in South Asia and the quality of education is so poor it's beyond explanation. You have people who were 10 levels below mediocre, graduating and teaching at the same institution. It's pathetic.
Thank you. Working through my own issues, and I really appreciate listening to your lecture. I really enjoyed listening.
Limiting access to knowledge is how society breeds elitism. Thank you for posting this .
Craig Jones its buying in a pre-categorized system of thoughts.
@J. Milton Jeffreys if you both watched the video youll notice you both begin your conversations by using categories. We were told to leave this sortve behavior behind in the lecture. Both of you take 7 and come back with next weeks lecture.
THANK YOU! For saying this!
@J. Milton Jeffreys I might agree with you but your slander makes you sound dumb. You might already know this
Rather, it's how those in power create a controllable mass of obedient consumers
When you were just planning to have a quick look but you can't stop watching 🤓
so true
so me
Yes
Lockdown bring me here :)
I read this comment before watching it thinking hmm you guys have no self-control, then it happened to me 😂
I really enjoy watching this, he’s creative in his teachings. I hope there’s more instructors like you,
Ive watched his lectures for about 8 years. I am always reminded what a treasure the professor is.
I have no idea why RUclips has been recommending me this video for 5 years now but I'm finally watching it.
Why now after 5 years? Lol
@@moreofjosem5363 It took that long for curiosity to get the best of me.
@@tonygabashvili8357 same lol
Lmao, same here!
the one good thing youtube does
I have been watching this video for 40 minutes right now.
A: I do not study at Stanford
B: I do not study anything related to biology
C: I have a thermodynamics exam tomorrow
How did you do on your exam? lol
Matt Hughes I passed actually lol, thank you for asking!
This type of knowledge could elevate our quality of life. That's why I'm watching this too. Better than playing video games anyway. And these lectures are quite interesting honestly.
Writing, Tutoring n homework services essayspace1@gmail.com
hang in there brother you are not alone :DDD
This wonderfully articulates some points on empathy I preach that I have struggled to explain to others in the past. I’m definitely going to have to save the link to this; the next time I’m in a debate with someone trying to make the point to always lean towards the side of being kind to ourselves and others I’ll be sending them this :)
Thank you for sharing this. Thank you so very much! It is so exciting to be sitting-in this class at 74 years of age. I can hardly wait to experience the person I will be when I have absorbed what I have learned here.
I am an extremely old senior citizen and did not have the $$$ to attend college. Now I can say I attended a class at Stanford As the saying goes it's never to late to learn something. I found this quite interesting. Thank you for being alive to learn something on the internet and U Tube.
Where I'm from (NZ) lectures are completely free and you can turn up to any lecture you want as the times are posted online. The thing you pay for in NZ is the exams and the degree, pretty cool
Thats wonderful to hear, we are classmates now haha.
Arlene, so cool to have you here!
The fact that this is available to anyone who has an internet connection is what it means to be truly connected to the rest of the world and its knowledge. and also, this guy probably kills it at social gatherings.
God bless you stranger.
If I had my ADHD diagnosis and a tutor with this passion 15 years ago, my life would be very different today.
Hello, friend. I have ADHD; I understand you. I decided to go back to college in 2018, at 25/26. I am going to graduate this year... currently, my GPA is 4.0 and hopefully stays that way by December. XD But anyways, I always struggled academically. I went back to prove I can do it. I think ANYONE can succeed if they put their mind to it. Your mind is so, so, SO powerful. Do not ever underestimate your brain! :D
It’s not too late to change your life. All you have to do is step outside your box and start something different.
Never too late for your life to change!
currently struggling with mental health and probably undiagnosed ADHD at 18 :) I dropped all my dreams and left university. Now i don't know what to do with my life... This is the worst feeling ever and i am unable to get help
Mate, I saw someone get diagnosed at 28 with what I quote as ‘off the chart scores’ on two separate NHS tests completely different and on different days, times places etc. The reason they did this when I asked was because they thought he’d done the first one before or had somehow ‘cheated’ on a test where the highest score is not an A. I agreed with them as this character is quick and sharp. But when I was with him receiving the diagnosis he was so genuinelyshocked and surprised. He regarded many of the physical behaviour symptomatic of the disorder to be a boon. The only solace he received was that it explained the inability to ‘switch off’ when trying to sleep
I've fallen asleep many times watching other videos but then when I wake up I always seem to end up in this video or another lecture from him
I love lectures they seem to be a more relaxed way of learning and you seem to hold the information better
"When you put up boundaries, you have trouble seeing how similar things are on either side of it" Damn
But not how different too?
@@Unfunny_Username_389 yeah that too
I keep a list of quotes and I added that to the list. Glad I'm not the only one who saw the beauty in it.
I’m having trouble seeing the similarities between passing and failing.
Other than 65 and 66 are both in the 60’s.
However, it does remind me of two sides to every story.
Edit: “when you pay attention to categorical boundaries, you don’t see big pictures.”
Just keeps getting better.
This would have to be the most appreciative comments section I have seen anywhere. Proof that most of us thirst for real knowledge because we are unsatiated by the daily sources of "knowledge". This professor nailed his role. Articulate, intelligent and witty while having an appearance that invites your attention. Best thing I have seen on RUclips to date, solely for the good it passed on to so many people.
Word!
You can't be smart or be nice. I am not offended by the opinion of nonentities
Lmao this is my therapy
I have a sister seeking a masters in western psych. She herself is an addict and her kids all have sexual identity issues as well as suicidal tendencies. She claimed not to be ABLE to go to her exes wedding bcuz she felt it unfair for him to be in a happy life when he was the reason she didn't have a happy life now....she's one who tries to fit in and so when in the home of those who care not to fit in she attempts to remove babies from their loving mothers in demand that they will not thrive socially....this is venango county Pennsylvania
"Most of us" seems to be a rather ignorant, or maybe just ignorantly hopeful, proclamation. There's certainly no proof here.
I don't know how I found this. This guy is amazing. What a Teacher!
This guy knows how to hold lectures with people actually listening and it shows is experties in that exact field
Utterly astounding how he proceeds with his material as if it was prerecorded in his brain, and nonstop for one hour. I did also watch one of his lectures that went for 1 hour 22 minutes the same way. And he is very endearing because he is obliviously so brilliant yet I do not detect a large ego, only a sense of self confidence and gentle humor.
He's smart enough to know that he doesn't know waaaaaaaaaaay more than he does know. The brain is still such a mystery.
Donna you put my thoughts into words perfectly👌
I think truly intelligent people are the most humble. Like Einstein said the more you learn the less you realize you know.
It's a Stanford professor, not a ghetto middle school teacher. Different planets, different abilities.
You think you know anything about him from this speech, good luck with that.
This is the best motivational speech I've heard in the last decade.
"When you pay too much attention to boundaries, you don’t see the big picture. All you see are categories."
There's a corollary to that above. When you pay too LITTLE to boundaries, you lose yourself in the big picture. You lose purpose.
@@bruno-zc1jo Don't apologize, you did nothing wrong. Just because YOU say I'm wrong, doesn't mean I AM wrong.
Here's a scenario where the person pays no attention to boundaries.
Shipwrecked in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Life raft has no devices to tell global positioning, and has no raw materials to craft a makeshift compass. No food, no water, only the raft, a paddle and a small sail. The sky is completely overcast, so he doesn't have a means to tell east from west. The oceanic current is around 3mph so that's negligible. No radios, no phones, no walkie talkies, no ability to tele-communicate with another human being.
Isolated and alone.
Objective: get to land and sanctuary before you die of thirst or hunger. What do you do?
The above scenario I know for a fact, according to the US Coast Guard, has happened numerous times. Container freighters have found people that died of thirst (or even worse, salt poisoning from the ocean because when you're severely dehydrated, you become irrational and delusional).
Now, you're probably thinking "Hey, I bet I could paddle until I reached land." Nope, the average human male (5'10", 180lbs, 18-24% body fat) needs 2400-2600 calories a day to maintain weight and energy levels (assuming a good balanced diet). If you're very active (paddling a life raft for several hours a day would qualify), you'd need 3000 calories. Your body basically starts eating itself around 7 days with no caloric intake. Fat goes first, then muscle mass. Look at some of the photos of the people in the Auschwitz concentration camp. and you'll see what I mean. www.thesun.co.uk/news/10829470/colourised-pics-auschwitz-horrors-hitlers-regime-75-years-ago/
Big picture is you're stranded. After 7 days with no water, you're basically going to have a heart attack and die. Some people have been known to go beyond that, but they're keeping themselves in a meditative state (doing little to know exercise).
You're concentrating on the "Big Picture", but you fail to notice the boundaries. Boundaries? Who needs them! This guy who's going to die in 7 days if he doesn't get any water (not to mention food) needs boundaries. Namely, a GPS device, or a transceiver radio, a sat phone, a mirror, or some other device that is capable of tele-communicating with another human being. A clear sky would be nice too (tell east from west.... you know, the Sun rises in the East? Sets in the West?) Also, a clear sky is nice for celestial navigation (if he has a sextant).
All these things are boundaries. So the teacher's and your argument holds very little weight.
@@brianm744 I don't really understand how that's relevant to the course .-.
@@federicocasali1565 The teacher's topic of his classes is human behavior, right? @bruno there is challenging my assertion regarding human behavior. I gave an example of where the teacher's assertion of paying too little attention to boundaries (in regards to human behavior) can be just as bad as paying too much attention to boundaries. That's all I'm saying.
The Greek poet and historian Hesiod (circa 700 BC) wrote in 'Works and Days,' "Observe due measure, moderation is best in all things." This is also what I'm saying.
@bruno claims I'm wrong, but does nothing to substantiate his point of view. I, on the other hand, gave a real world example of my point of view. If anyone wants to, they can go to the US Coast Guard's archive and read about the literally hundred's of cases of finding people in my specific scenario.
I never said the teacher is INcorrect.
@@brianm744 well in your exemple you are simply fucked cuz you are stranded with no tools at your disposal, doesn't really have anything to do about thinking big picture or little picture, once you are in that position you can't magically conjure up some food or clean water or a gps.
One of the most brilliant teachers I've ever heard and been privileged to listen to online keep up the good work these kind of things are going to help educate all of our young people I have kids and this is important for all of them 💯🧐🏁🙌🙏🥰😇😁
I I have ADHD PSTD Anxiety Depression physical issues health issues mental emotional and many IN-BETWEEN as well as 5 kids. I was Going to school at night when I had, had Only one child. But I had zero help soo after going into debt wasting 2 years of my life I could not retain any of the information and hardly could understand any of it but 10 years later no more schooling watching this I completely understand what he's talking a out so e things not so much but I get it enough. The difference between having to do it, & homework, plus other students, I'd be so embarrassed and struggle. THANK YOU FOR BEING SUCH a wonderful teacher you appreciated thanks for uploading
Good lord I wish I had a professor with his level of interest and teaching. I never thought I'd watch an entire lecture outside of my education.
Check it out!
@@46_and28 For your schools
well, you still became a doctor.
Maybe because it can be understood by a 5th grader. Fun stories are great and entertaining but they don’t provide complex skills that we expect to learn in a school of ‘quality.
Me too
Now I understand why people pay so much for those universities.
10 minutes of this man has given me more information than 80% of all my teachers.
Did you question it? I’m current on a research project to show fake research within behavior theory. The roots of it being the loot box issue and how people use poor evidence as fact.
If you ask me, it’s all “the most productive” and evolution pushes that.
He says all animals get a greater domaine hit when it’s a “maybe” over a “confirmed” thing. He doesn’t talk about why and how that mechanic has driven all species to be the best they can be.
When we talk about regulating things that are “more productive” we might run into major issues. He gets into it a bit
HAHA
same..
what pray tell did you learn from this lecture ? catgories, buckets, humans exhibit behaviour no other animal on the planet exhibits? i'm curious. i learned he's a leftie, big leftie but thats about it. poor students.
@@dumbdumber1885 ...what??
Yes but at the same time, you can get comparable teachers and knowledge for 1/5th of the price or for free in other countries...
For the first time in my life I have finally found a connection It has opened up a new beginning full of possibilities and endless learning.. why grow alone when we can grow together.
I met Robert when he was eleven or twelve in the Museum of Natural History in NYC. We would cut school in NJ, and we would go into the city. Every time we cut school, this young, small Jewish boy was always in where the jungle area. After several times of seeing this, I went and sat with him. I had to ask, "Why is it you are here every time we cut school? It can't be coincidences."
He answered, "My parents don't make me go to school. I want to live in there." Pointing to the jungle, and indeed he did!
162,000 views. He taught more people with this RUclips video, than his entire career as a professor. This should be the standard.
Actually, it's 7 million views with 163,000 likes :)
7.5 million
Found it from ticktock. Made all the pain worth it
Agreed, this video is amazing. I hope RUclips university will eventually be seen as legitimate. Lol
8,321,021 views
Watching this on my VR headset. I'm basically a Stanford graduate at this point.
😂
Ooooh, cool! I'm gonna check this out in VR too.
Maybe you can get a virtual degree. 😁
lmaoooo
@@BassByTheBay a degree with information from more than 10 years ago
This was a really good session zero. The approach makes sense and I'm convinced I'm going to enjoy this series.
Thank you for sharing this content with people who were not lucky to attend those prestige colleges❤
For everyone asking, the two books are:
1) Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers by Robert Sapolsky
2) Chaos: Making New Science by James Gleick
I know the Zebra book, is the one he wrote that he talks about here because he references it briefly at the beginning of the third lecture.
This really should be up top. I scrolled so far for this, searching the word 'book'.
Thank you!
mvp
Andy Giroux thank you, I was searching for it!
Thanks man you are a hero.
Me in college: trying to get the hell out of there as soon as possible.
Me, 15 years later: wishing I was in college, watching lectures on RUclips for fun.
Boom. Love to be with GOOD professors ALL my life . Kinda sorta do that anyway. Bravo tono80
Love Learning Life!
Yeah, exactly)) was talking just about that with my daughter few hours ago)
Never too late my friend
Can always go back, part time. Take a class or two and who knows, Uncle Sam might pay for it...
Just finished watching the whole video. I just wanna comment how strange it is to me right now, and how I'm so lucky to be alive during this age. I'm doing laundry at 2 am outside in the slums of a third world country-a graduating high school student majoring in performing arts, listening to a stanford course introduction to behavioral biology...what a time to be alive.
This is education. Encouraging responsible, deep & wide thought
Lecture One Notes
57 Minutes
Minutes 1-10:
- Professor describes a circumstance in which a male with no history of inappropriate behavior begins to act out of character. He acts in a way that displays violence, illegal sexual activity and rash decisions that lack logic. The professor justifies the presence of this behavior by attributing it to a genetic mutation.
- The Professor presents four subjects and asks the class what they all have in common.
1. A woman being on her period
2. A brain tumor
3. Junk food
4. Anabolic Steroids
- The thing the four topics stated above have in common is that they have all been used as reasons to justify murder in a court of law
- The point of this example is to present evidence that the actions of the body directly affect the actions of the brain and, thus, contribute to behavior
1. A woman being on her period (hormonal changes lead to aggressive behavior)
2. A brain tumor (Effects on the amygdala lead to behavior that is typically out of character)
3. Junk food (Causes dangerous changes in blood sugar level which lead to behavioral alterations)
4. Anabolic Steroids (Large scale hormonal changes which lead to behavioral alterations)
- Professor ends first ten minutes of lecture by stating the point of the course. The point of the course is, in part, to understand the relationship between the brain, the body and behavior under various complex circumstances.
Minutes 11-20:
- The next ten minutes is spent discussing an issue that arises when one attempts to understand the relationship between the brain, body and behavior. That issue is singular categorical thinking. Categorical thinking is approaching the situation and only considering one variable that may be attributing to behavior.
- The benefit of categorical thinking is at times it can give humans needed structure to approach a topic.
- The negative side of categorical thinking regarding this course are as follows:
“When you pay attention to categorical boundaries you do not see big pictures.”
“When you think categorically you underestimate how different two facts are when they fall in the same category.”
“When you think in categories you can overestimate how different two things are when there is a boundary in between them.”
Minutes 21-30:
- Professor begins the next ten minutes of class by reiterating the goal of this class “The goal of this class is to take this big complex issue of behavior without falling into thinking in categories.”
- The professor then gives examples of people who thought categorically and the flaws that followed because of such.
• “ Give me a child at birth from any background and let me control the environment in which it is raised and I will turn him into anything I wish him to be whether doctor, lawyer, beggar or thief.” John Watson
John Watson was one of the founders for the school of behaviorism.
He believed that you could dictate a person’s development via their environment. However, the professor points out the obvious flaws in this train of thought.
• “Normal physic life depends upon the good function of brain synapses and the mental disorders appear as a result of synaptic derangements. Synaptic adjustments will then modify corresponding ideas and force them into differing channels. Using this approach, we obtain curers and improvements but no failures.” Antonio Egas Moniz (Famous Portuguese Neurologist who developed and received a Noble Peace Prize for developing Frontal Lobotomies)
Synaptic Adjustments= Frontal Lobotomies
The speaker of this quote did unnecessary damage to the brains of hundred because he was thinking in a singular categorical fashion.
• “The selection for social utility must be accomplished by some social institution if mankind is not to be ruined by domesticated induced degeneracy. The racial idea is the basis of our state and has already accomplished much. In this respect we may, and we must rely on the healthy instincts of the best of our people; for the extermination of elements of the population loaded with dregs.” Conrad Lorenz (One of the founding fathers of the Ethology/Nazi Propagandist)
The errors in Conrad Lorenz Nazi styled categorical thinking patterns are obvious given the mass genocide that followed similar categorical thought patterns.
- After these three examples are given the professor clarifies that this is not the way in which we will approach analysis behavior.
- The way in which the professor states behavior needs to be analyzed is as follows:
1.) Address what the behavior looks like.
2.) Address what went on neurologically one second before the behavior took place.
3.) Address what environment stimuli provoked that neurological response.
4.) Address what hormone level was presence for the organism to be affected by the environment int hat way.
5.) Address the gene that was coded for that hormone and how the structure of that gene may affect that hormonal response.
6.) After accessing genetic coding note how pre-natal development may have affect that genetic coding.
- The idea is to not get caught in a singular categorical way of thinking, but to see the overwhelming nuance and various factors of why an organism behaves in the manner it does.
- The professor concludes this segment of ten minutes with depositing the question of what is the purpose of a chicken? The answer being that the chicken is just the eggs way of creating another egg.
Minutes 31-40:
- The professor uses this segment of ten minutes to address the three intellectual challenges you as a student may have in not thinking categorically. The three challenges are as follows:
1.) Understanding and Accepting that man is just like any other species.
• The professor gives the example of how female hamsters and homo sapiens have menstrual cycles that will sync up when in close living conditions. The name of this phenomenon is called the Wellesley Affect and the McClintok Effect.
2.) Accepting that as a species we have a similar physiology to other species, but we utilize it at times in a way completely different from any other species.
• The example that is given to support this is the way in which calories are burned. A chess player can burn the same number of calories as a full-grown chimp killing a predator. Same physiology but, at times, utilized in a completely different way.
3.) As a species we have similar physiology to other species but, at times, completely different behavioral patterns.
• Example given to support this point is the mating ritual of homo sapiens versus that of hippos.
Minutes 41-50:
- Professor describes that the first portion of the course will be identifying each category used to dissect behavior.
- Professor describes that the second part of the course will be used as an opportunity to use the categories you just learned to explain and ration various human behavior.
- Books assigned:
• “Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers” Robert Sapolsky
• “Chaos” James Gleick
- This segment of ten is concluded with the professor promoting Chaos by saying that it perfectly communicates the concept that human behavior is not something you can understand and fix by breaking it apart into its most small pieces and putting it back together but must be understood in the way a the structure and function of a cloud is.
Minutes 51-57:
- Last few minutes of the class are the professor detailing the structure of the class for the following semester.
MJ D
Down Syndrome was the lobotomized group with which "there was 'no' problem", I believe.
Thank you!!
@@HighestRank Hey, ur comment interested me,so,I did a little research.
Yes,a large portion of the population that was practiced on did come from those with Down Syndrome ,however, a decent portion were people who had brain tumors that caused seizures and other disabiling side effects.
These are my sources
António Egas Moniz (1874-1955): Lobotomy pioneer and Nobel laureate
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4291941/
And there is a short documentary on the RUclips page of
David Santos titled Egas Moniz on the neurologist life.
If you've got the time you should check it out;it's a pretty interesting take on the inner workings of the science/medical community.
Bless Your Soul
Wow! Great note-taking. You are a very attentive, dedicated, student and individual. :)