Countries That Used To Exist In Medieval Europe - General Knowledge Reaction
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 13 сен 2024
- See the original - • Countries That Used To...
Support VTH on patreon: / vth
My other channels:
Stories of the Great War - / @storiesofthegreatwar
Stories of the Civil War - / @storiesofthecivilwar
VTH Gaming - / thehistoryguy
VTH Extra - / @vthextra
Follow me on instagram - / vloggingthroughhistory
Follow VTH on Facebook - www.facebook.c...
#history #reaction
Going LIVE on the gaming channel at 3pm Eastern today with a first look at a new city builder ruclips.net/video/VrCOkdvRxCA/видео.html
Please dont interrumpt so much,it becomes unwatchable
@@arielabril1981how? I really find it Intresting what he adds just watch the original video
@@WhatsUp-fe8jc Once in a while yes,when it becomes constant,its unbearable.I had to leave this video,in just 2 minutes,he did like 5 interruptions,you lose the chain of the video.Sorry,its annoying.Maybe he can do at the end,a summary,or in the middle,once or twice,not all the time.And not constant interruptions to say,like in california we have sierra nevada too,who cares about that?I enjoy his videos,but sometimes,its extremely annoying.If not,have him talking all the time,and no video,thats fine too.
Hi Chris! Is there any chance that you will do a reaction of Germanicus's campaigns from invicta?
@@arielabril1981 hmmm we are probably different people then because I like it more when he says more and doubles the watch length but hey we are all different
Two things i expect from Chris. One being that I learn something new about History and the other is Chris pausing the video to explain something that in a few seconds after unpausing we get the creators version of what Chris just explained. Always a joy.
It's become a drinking game! 😂
I wonder how his ancestors from northeast Ohio would feel about that.
A formula that dont miss
I don't see Chris mentioning Ohio on that checklist
VTH Drinking game:
1. Drink every time he pauses and explains something seconds before the video does
2. Drink every time he mentions his ancestors that fought in the civil war
3. Drink every time he talks about Ohio
4: drink every time he follows up any description of the Battle of Gettysburg as the biggest battle of the civil war with “how do you define biggest battle”
5. Drink every time he mentions England (I swear he’s an Anglophile)
6. Drink every time he mentions Southern Illinois as an example of a pro-slavery part of a union state
7. Drink every time he clarifies that Woodrow Wilson is not a northerner but was in fact raised in the south
8. Drink every time he defends Ambrose Burnside
9. Stop playing the game before you drink yourself into a coma
Instructions clear, Alcohol poisoning ensued.
😅😂
lol, I think one would be in a coma LONG before reaching Step 9. 🤣
He's an anglophile alright. He said so in one video.
Don't forget Eastern Kentucky family.
Broke: Crimea is Russian
Woke: Crimea is Ukrainian
Bespoke: Crimea is Genoese
On a serious note, the survival of Burgundy and/or the Kalmar Union are the scenarios I think are very interesting for the Early Modern era. Who knows how the Protestant reformation goes if they exist, or if it even happens at all
Lets make Danzig an international city again 😂
Burgundy wouldn’t have done well in the age of nationalism
Nah Crimea is Roman
@@Carpediem357 Crimea is Greek :)
Crimea is Tatar.
Or: Crimea is Gothic! :)
21:26 Fun fact, on the note of Norway, the United States is technically much older as an independent country than Norway, which only got its independence from Sweden in 1905.
But Norway already existed much earlier as well
@@sebe2255 Not as an independent country though. Prior to 1905, the last time Norway was an independent country was in the 14th century, after which it was simply a region controlled by Denmark and after the Napoleonic Wars, Sweden.
@@IowanMatthew683 Sure, but that means it is still older than the US
@@IowanMatthew683 It was not simply a region. Sweden and Norway was a loose union between two separate countries under a common monarch. They had different governments and constitutions.
Denmark-Norway was a closer union (and over time became more integrated), but it's not like Norway had the same status as Fyn or Zealand. Norway had different laws, institutions and another currency. It's more similar to the situation of Bohemia or Hungary under Austrian rule.
I was talking to a 20something coworker about another coworker my age from Bosnia, the younger one said “she said she was from a country that doesn’t exist?” It took me a minute. Yugoslavia was a thing. Yeah. Like I needed help feeling old.
Happened to me too!! A couple of months ago I met someone that said that he was from Rhodesia!! I was flabbergasted to say the least
@@mahesito1943 I’m going to be honest, I knew that was in Africa but I had to Google exactly where. It’s interesting because someone who was born in Rhodesia or Yugoslavia can never go back 🤔
I was born in USSR
A Jewish friend of mine told me of her family’s journey. At the time of Richard the Lionhearted they lived in England but Richard banished Jews a couple of times. They ended up in Islamic Iberia until after the Reconquista which forced them to leave again, but this time to Sicily. They joined the immigration of Southern Europeans to the USA in the late nineteenth century. Their last name is still in an Anglo Saxon spelling.
That's a long and unexpected journey.
Wonder why they were disliked so much...
@@lettucearsebiscuits8375different reason from why you are
@@lettucearsebiscuits8375 Jealousy mostly. Jews manage to thrive and prosper no matter where they are and this is an eyesore for others who are unhappy and rather than uplift themselves, they'd rather try to drag jews down.
@@lettucearsebiscuits8375 If you weren’t Catholic at those times you were considered heretics. The “cleansing” of Christianity started after the Council of Nicaea and continued afterwards. Read up on Arias and his followers and why the wars of the Protestant Reformation had to be fought.
My EU4 1444 starting date knowledge is finally paying off
I know 1444 world map as much as the current map thanks to EU4 :D
lul I was looking for this, same
Ulm wasn't mentioned though ... frankly livid
Granada (Alhambra) is a must visit if you ever go to southern Spain, unbelievable place.
Beautiful place indeed.I wouldnt go in summer.
So are the Mezquita in Cordoba and the Alcazar in Sevilla. All amazing Andalusian architecture.
@@arielabril1981 I would, and just did, in the middle of July. No crowds and got to take as many photos as I wanted.
@@TechnicalBard Not to mention that despite the Alcazar being located right smack in the middle of downtown Seville, its gardens are SO tranquil that one doesn't hear traffic noise AND even the air feels cleaner than on the other side of its wall! Yes, the Moorish rulers deliberately had their palaces and gardens built to resemble what they considered paradise!
General Grevious VTH: This map will make a fine addition to my collection!
My Great Grandfather came to the US in 1906 as a child and they wrote Lwow, Austria Galicia. Crazy how much borders have changed just barely over 100 years ago.
Wouldn't it have been "Lemberg" back then?
My 2x great grandparents were Polish Jews who immigrated around 1910 from Krakow. My grandfather has the immigration papers from the "Empire of Russia" when it was still occupied.
why empire of Russia in quotation marks?
@@notnutharvizel6060its not in quotations as a mocking way, it’s in quotations because he is just quoting directly from the paper. Like how you quote someone or a book in an academic context
Krakow was not part of the Russian Empire. It was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. As it was close to the border they might have moved from the Russian part of Poland to the Austrian part of Poland and Krakow was just the city where they lived before emigration.
@patrickm3981 Geographically, it may have been. But not based on a paper he brought with him when he immigrated. It is literally verbatim from the form. Also, the borders of this region moved at multiple times so they may have been near Krakow and they just stated the nearest large city.
@@spookyboi8446 additionally for a long time Congress Poland had an administrative subdivision called Kraków Voivodeship or later Kraków Governate but it didn’t include Kraków itself (which also was independent for a while around that time).
The other challenge you can run into if finding the towns your ancestors were from. Modern Gdansk in Poland was called Danzig before 1945. Brno is Czechia was Brunn during Austrian rule. When borders moved, languages shifted and names changed.
Luckily for me, one of my family names is the name of the ancestral village which kept its name. The bad news is that said village has long since been abandoned and in ruins!
Gdańsk was longer on Polish hands than German, 966-1308 Polish, 1308-1466 German, 1466-1795 Polish, 1795-1945 German, 1945-2024 Polish - 750 vs.308 years
27:03 Americans tend to say "I'm from Los Angeles, California" rather than "I'm from Los Angeles, United States."
I think that explains it quite well, especially for Americans.
They also say that they are Americans.
People are used to that nowadays, but imagine asking someone their country and they say I'm from Europe.
@@LuDa-lf1xd I think the "I'm from Europe"
not bad at all. It would certainly be difficult at the beginning, but it would also have many advantages.
I know that won't happen in the near future, we have the British here who are a bit stubborn. 😁
But if you think about it, who would have thought in 1945 that Germany and especially France and England would be so close friends?
15:22 This is sort of inaccurate. While the male line of the Burgundian Dynasty (which was officially a branch of the French Valois Dynasty) went extinct with the death of Charles the Bold in 1477, Charles' daughter Mary still inherited a good chunk of Burgundy, which included a lot of what is today Belgium and the Netherlands. Mary would soon thereafter marry the future Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg, which is why the Habsburgs end up ruling much of the Netherlands and Belgium under their grandson, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Belgium itself actually would be ruled by Habsburgs until the Napoleonic Wars.
Incidentally, this is also why the Spanish Empire - which Charles V also ruled - used for the longest time the Burgundian Cross flag, to show their direct descent from Mary of Burgundy, which has become the flag design of several U.S. states once affiliated with Spain such as Florida, Alabama, etc.
wouldn’t you rather say that the emblem was used to highlight St Andrew being the patron saint of the Dukes of Burgundy, not specifically that it was inherited from a specific person like Joanna. Same way the cross featuring in the Union Jack doesn’t mean it’s to highlight the role of James I / VI.
Yep! That's right about the Sierra Nevada! 'Sierra' in Spanish means 'sawtooth mountain range' (think of a serrated knife) and 'nevada' means 'snowy'- and yes, both the original Sierra Nevada in what's now Spain [which served as the border between the Moorish kingdom of Granada and the Christian kingdom of Castile] and the namesake in California are tall enough to have snow on their sawtooth peaks often even in summer!
It's interesting how the marriage of the Castilian heiress/queen regnant Isabel with the Aragonese heir/king regnant Ferdinand linked the kingdoms together under a single monarch via their eventual heiress daughter Juana then grandson the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and I of Castile&Aragon [thanks to very calculated dynastic marriages],etc. all the way to death of the last Spanish Hapsburg ruler the ailing, inbred Charles II in 1700. However EACH domain kept its independent government and infrastructure until after the War of the Spanish succession in which Charles II's Bourbon half-great-nephew Philip V was put on the throne of the new nation of Spain that the other European powers had forced into existence to more effectively deal with. Also, the history of Spanish Latin America would be forever effected by that dynastic structure since Isabel, Queen of Castile herself had sponsored Columbus with the agreement that ALL territories conquered in the New World would be SOLELY under Castilian domain which meant that everything from only Castilian settlers being allowed [with Aragonese exceptions only via express permission of the Castilian government],, the language being Castilian instead of Catalan to the laws being based on the Castilian code instead of Aragonese,etc! Among many other consequences, this would mean that their grandson Charles V would have to travel all the way from what's now Vienna,Austria to the Castilian Cortes [parliament] in what's now Toledo, Spain (having to traverse lands and seas NOT under his rule}just to ask for monies from the New World!
Yes, Henry VIII's 1st wife Catherine was their youngest daughter (born in a battle tent[!] while her parents were in the process of conquering Granada- yes, Isabel was a warrior queen) but since she wasn't the heir [which had been her only brother Juan who died young who was the Prince of Asturias and Prince of Gijon (the respective titles of heir apparent for Castile and Aragon) that's why she and her sisters ONLY had their father's titles instead of their mother's. It also needs to be mentioned that Isabel had been a very tough negotiator re her own marriage when she was eighteen and Ferndinand was seventeen -insisting on herself and Ferdinand being the SOLE monarch of their respective inherited kingdoms AND even that Ferdinand would live fulltime in Castille instead of herself living fulltime in Aragon-and she negotiated in secret while trying to keep her half-brother Henry IV of Castile from forcing her to marry to their cousin the King of Portugal before sneaking away from the court and then marrying Ferdinand who himself had snuck into Castilian territory disguised as . ..a SHEPHERD!
Yep, nothing simple about Spanish history!
Russia being obsessed with Crimea kind of makes sense geographically as it gives them a decent port into the Black Sea (Sevastopol). I heard from another video that part of the reason they annexed it in 2014 was because shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Ukrainians agreed to lease Sevastopol to the Russian Black Sea Fleet for a set amount of years subject to renewal and after the Maiden revolution in Ukraine in 2014, Russia wasn't certain they would get their renewed lease anymore
The fact that the Russian Black Sea Fleet is now basically based in Novorossiysk (with some Ukrainian assistance to ensure it's harbor is large enough to house it's fleet), a suboptimal choice has been made along the way.
What's funnier is we go off who owns Crimea we could say Rome
Imagine going through all that trouble to own a naval base in a pond. Like they don’t know aircraft exists
It probably goes a bit further than the naval base there. I think they see Crimea as an aircraft carrier/fortress, controlling the Black Sea. They are looking to make the Black Sea something an enemy would have to earn/get thru. Not just sail and go straight to step 2.
It was controlled as part of Russia until 1954 when it was transferred to Ukraine.
General Knowledge also has a cool video called "The "Belt" Regions Of The United States", I think you'd enjoy that one!
I agree, it's a great video for Chris to react to it
It gave me a good chuckle when you suggested Crimea become an independent country again. It is weird to realize Germany and Italy are younger than the US, but there you are. History is full of all sorts of weirdness like that.
Recently General Knowledge uploaded a video called "countries that temporarily didn't exist (but then came back)". I'd highly recommend a reaction to that video since it's a very interesting topic
It's insane how the (Eastern) Roman Empire wasn't mentioned at all. The Roman Empire in Constantinople was a centrepiece of Late Antiquity - roughly 476 to 641 - (who else did the Muslims conquer Syria, Egypt, and North Africa from?) and nearly the entire Medieval period - roughly 641 to 1492 if you don't include Late Antiquity - (its loss of Anatolia to the Turks from 1071 to 1081 was the original reason for the Crusades). At various points during the Middle Ages it was the most powerful country in Europe and an Eastern Mediterranean superpower, and Constantinople was the largest city in Europe from the Fall of the Western half of the Roman Empire until 1204 (RIP). 1444 is the twilight of the Middle Ages and while the Empire was barely clinging on by that point, it still existed and is visible on this map, and the very Fall of Constantinople itself in 1453 is one of the bookends leading into the Renaissance. I know "Byzantine" history is neglected, but come on. The Roman Empire as a whole didn't fall in 476 and it was one of the most important states in Medieval Europe.
In this video he said he was focusing on the western part (Europe) and that he's thinking about making more videos like this
Yeah but the eastern Roman Empire, while Roman for sure, was also seen as closer to being Greek than Roman. The Byzantines viewed themselves as Romans, at least, culturally, but I think socially and politically, the world viewed them as Greeks or simply byzantines and not actually Romans from Rome.
Just finished a game in EU4 where as Mullhouse I completly decentralized the holy roman empire :p
Bohemia and Moravia were two separate countries but Moravia was a rightful domain of Bohemian king... I know complicated like everything in this video. Maybe a bit similar situation like with Engalnd and Wales.
9:39: i always find it annoying how Ysabel and Fernando are remembered for Columbus. I prefer to focus on their other accomplishments. Isabel alone, wow. What a powerful queen and inspiring woman. And their children and grandchildren all went on to be legendary. Carlos V of Spain and the HRE is my favorite monarch in history.
@@acdragonrider Well even if their accomplishments were great, it would still be feudal politics as usual and not necessarily stand out much. But discovering the Americas and all the consequences of that discovery isn’t something that happens every day.
I think that is how you have to see it, and why people mostly remember the discovery and not the reign of the monarchs
Wouldn't he be Carlos I of Spain? V would be the German numbering
@@Siegbert85 Its true is Charles l of Spain and V of HRE
Typical castillian side comment. Fernando was greater than Isabel. The conquest of Granada was a joint venture of the two kingdoms (Tanto monta monta tanto Isabel como Fernando). Colón expedition was financed by a valencian counsellor of Fernando in the Court of Aragon "Luis de Santángel" (not selling Ysabel jewels as legend says). Fernando was who reunified Spain with the conquest of Navarre after Isabel's death. Fernando was the badass boss in Italy (The prince of Maquiavelo was Fernando). Fernando was who protected the heritage of the crown by sending his sister Juana to the retirement and (maybe) killed his son-in-law the pro french Felipe of Burgundy and preparing Carlos I to be the unified King of the realms.
Hey, that's Bodiam Castle at 3:43, its not too far from where I used to live, it's a really cool 14th century castle that if I remember correctly was created by Richard III to defend against the French during the Hundred year war. Would recommend people visit if they get the chance, it's such a lovely place.
Good video Chris. Always enjoy your content. You seem like a good dude I'd share a beer or two with :)
Interesting little historical fact: the Electoral College we have in America was derived from the College of Electors of the Holy Roman Empire! There were 7 Prince Electors who elected the Emperor from among themselves, formally at Aachen (or Aix-la-Chapelle in French), being crowned officially as "King of the Romans". You were only crowned Emperor by the Pope at a ceremony in Rome.
But going back to the Electoral College I believe it was Hamilton's idea to implement this within the Federalist framework of elections. As each state was seen as sovereign in a Union, it sent delegates to vote for its candidate on behalf of the people of that state. Pretty interesting concept. To elimate the EC today would basically allow New York and Los Angeles to dictate to everyone else who the president-elect will be.
Well, Wallachia still exists. That name was used by foreign powers but it was never really used by Wallachia itself. The name used was Tara Romaneasca, literally Romanian Country a.k.a. Romania all the way back since the 14th century. After it united with Moldavia other states started using United Principalities and afterwards Romania but what I'm trying to say it was always Romania for the locals ... at least all the way back since Basarab I in 1310. It was just a matter of others finally using the name we used for ourselves.
Also fun fact Moldova's full country name was The romanian country of Moldova
happy you found our old Breton flag cool. The new one still has the pattern but was inspired by the American one.
Very interesting.
A side-note concerning Burgundy. During the 100 Years War England and Burgundy were allied, and it's during this time that several 'French' military terms were adopted by the English - including lieutenant. It meant one who holds a place for another. The interesting thing is that Burgundians pronounced it differently from other 'French' people, particularly the people of Paris. The Burgundians pronounced the U as a consonant - as if it were a V (these were not separate letters then in English, which just had U, but pronounced it either as U or V). Thus, the word that entered English was pronounced something like 'leevtenant' - and has remained 'leftenant' until today.
Actually, the Royal Navy says something more like l'tenant. And the US Army maintained the 'leftenant' pronunciation until the 1890s.
iirc the reason Germany is called some derivation of Alemannia nowadays has less to do with the old Germanic tribe of the Alamanni but rather with the German Staufer dynasty that ruled in the 12th and 13th century. By that time is became custom to refer to the kingdom of Germany within the HRE as Alemannia in latin sources. I guess some countries just kept that up until modernity.
It was off topic as a country that *did* exist and still does, but Andorra is one of my favorites in Europe. A lot of people don't even know about it.
About Burgundy, there is a post-war Ealing comedy called “Passport to Pimlico” in which an old charter is found that the Pimlico area of London was given to Charles the Bold (who did not actually die) and so is the last remnant of an independent duchy.
Alternate history made a video discussing about how the axis could have won. Would love to see you react to it and know your opinions.
Good afternoon, greetings from Europe
The way Burgundy was presented in the video was kinda misleading, it was under french control (the french part at least) before the 100 Years War, and in the middle of it it was a gift from the king of France to one of his sons. Burgundy gradually started to act more independently and even fought the royal family with the English during the second half of the 100 Years War, but it was still the same Valois family and it had nothing to do with the people in Burgundy "having a different identity" because that old kingdom or whatever.
So it was a small period of independance due to chance and political struggles (it could have happened anywhere in France), nothing like Britanny which fought for its independance this time because they had a different identity.
Yeah the duchy of Burgundy had nothing to do with the Kingdom of Burgundy except for their name
2:53 Well, it is good to see that the VTH drinking game is alive and well. :D
At this time in 1444, we, the Faroese, were still part of Norway, although at this point during the Kalmar Union, the King of Denmark was the king of all three countries; in 1444 that would have been Christopher III of Bavaria.
Hello, VTH . I’m a Swede who’s very interested in History but it would be cool if reacted to more Northern European history videos , like the Vikings or something 😊
Han har reagerat på en massa videor om Sverige. Mest om Stormaktstiden, men även om 30-åriga kriget :)
@@TheEngwall Well I mean more Viking Era and Medieval era you know….
@TheSwedishViking-n4s I haven't found that many about the swedish medieval era on youtube at all. You're right about that🤔
@@TheEngwall Yea there’s not many Videos on it but it’s an Very interesting History lesson Especially the time during the Kalmar Union and the 1500s
@@TheSwedishViking-n4s It's a very underrated part of swedish history. Sure, the wars and battles are comparably small scale, but they have a huge impact on European history. Without the swedes winning, the Kalmar Union would still be going strong.
Hello VTH , I’m Swedish and would you to react to more of Northern European History like the Vikings and such😊
With regards to the Canada thing, the "mostly but not fully independent" thing was technically true until 1982, when we repatriated our Constitution such that there no longer needed to be any UK parliamentary decision for us to change our laws and constitution any more, and at that point we were completely independent. We recognize Charles III as our head of state by mutual agreement (as such we generally follow the UK line of succession), but we can technically choose anyone we wish now if we chose to do so, and Charles III as King of Canada is also technically a separate crown from his being the King of Australia or King of New Zealand, King of the United Kingdom, etc. and in practice, any functions that would fall upon the current monarch are usually delegated to the Governor General of that country unless they are there in person.
One thing to add about the pope and catholic church in relation to the nobility, there did exist dukedoms that were actually directly subject to the pope as their king. A couple examples were Salzburg and Mainz. These were directly owned by the church and the pope would install an archbishop and anoint a prince to be both archbishop and prince (hence the name Prince Archbishop). These were often also electors to the emperor of the HRE which made them politically very powerful. It wasn't the most common of arrangements but they did exist as examples of dukedoms where the church and the earthly administration was one and the same.
One brnch of my family comes from the Austrian Partition of Poland. My grandfather said that at one time, mail to the ancestral village was addressed to "Austria-Poland."
My only pet peeve is that the Queen of Spain’s name was Isabel, not Isabela. Isabel is Spanish, Isabela is Italian. She called herself Isabel. We have both names in English and the English version is Elizabeth, but yet we continue to misname her in the English-speaking world by calling her the Italian version of her name when she herself never called herself that.
IIRC, it somewhat got garbled due to her being called 'Ysabel la catolica' (or Isabel the Catholic). Yes, it also needs to be mentioned that she spelled it the medieval Castilian way starting with a 'y' instead of an 'i'.
@@wardarcade7452 I don’t dispute any of what you mentioned. It’s still frustrating that historians, not specifically Chris, but the overwhelming amount of English-speaking historians/textbooks continually make this mistake when it is very easily verified and a very easy correction to make. Especially because as you mentioned, she is consistently called ‘Ysabel la católica’. All documentation in Castilian refers to her as such, so why do we continue to misname her? If you go to Spain and take a basic history course with a professor that also speaks English they will make this correction day 1. History is all about using source material, and there is no lack of primary source material referring to her as Isabel. Also, the name Isabel still exists in modern Spanish, so it just doesn’t track for me. Not the biggest deal, just a pet peeve. I just believe names are so important, and this one constantly pops up for me.
Interesting. The Dutch ruled the East Indies for a long time (trade), they also landed on the west coast of Australia and Tasmania (Australian island state) was named after a Dutch explorers (van Dieman and then after Abel Tasman). After the US told England to disappear, the English had Cook find new lands hence Australia and New Zealand came into being. Australia was known as New holland for many years.
You mentioned that Austria during that time was small and would continue to develop. Yes, Austria may have been small during that time, but it had massive political power over central Europe as the Duke of Austria was also the Holy Roman Emperor, a position that still had some weight during that time. That, along with the genius of their strategic alliances, Austria could throw its weight with France, Poland, etc. militarily and diplomatically despite its smaller size.
25:20 I was wondering why you were talking about Württemberg (part of the modern state of Baden-Württemberg, in the South West), before I realised you probably meant Wittenberg (which is in that area)
Yeah, the r-colouring in English is not so conducive to deducing German spelling. The most obvious example is usually berg/burg in place names.
(for anyone wondering 'er' is pronounced like "air" and 'ur' is pronounced like "(p)our")
@Hendricus56 Yeah i was about to write the same comment ... but a few seconds later i realized that he simply meant wittenberg
One of my favorite historical topics that I don't think gets nearly as much attention as it deserves is the Hussite wars. It was during the early 15th century and was like the protestant reformation before the protestant reformation. It's interesting because it was when you had a mixture of knights with swords and spears and people with firearms and artillery. Feature History has a fantastic video on it
If you haven't checked it out already. Play Kingdom Come Deliverance. It's set in middle ages Bohemia and the overall story is fictional but contains many historical places and events.
3:35 the English Royal line of succession video was a very good example of that happening
22:44 If I remember correctly, England got its flag exactly from Genoa, England stole it.
It is the emblem of Saint George, who is known as a military saint and much admired during the period of the Crusades. The Cross of St George was adopted first by Genoa and later England, and other diverse entities including Georgia, Aragon, Ukraine, Malta, Ethiopia, Catalonia, and the city of Moscow, who all took St George as their patron saint.
As for George himself, he was of Greek descent, and was a professional soldier, bodyguard to a Roman Emperor.
Fun fact:
Saint George/San Jordi have a legend with a princes and a dragon in Catalonia, and we have a big festival around it. Boys receive a book and girls a rose.
Moravia was very much always ruled by the King of Bohemia. All exceptions are very short-lived. Only in the 9th century, when they were both in their infancy, Moravia was the top honcho, controlling a lot of territory, Bohemia included. Then Moravia got destroyed by the Magyars and never really became independent again, except when some schism arose and Bohemian and Moravian nobility supported different claimants to the Bohemian throne.
PS: I'm Czech, living in Prague. When you come over I'd love to meet. Big fan.
Moravia was pretty much bound to the czech lands and many Přemyslid kings sent their heirs to rule moravia as de facto training for the real job of Bohemia. The only part of history of Moravia being independent is under Great Moravia which ended in the early medieval ages 26:24
Growing up in the 60s I had to explain to folks where Croatia was because I refused to identify as Yugoslavian since that included Serbians. Europe is always going through border challenges / national identity.
I have a slight problem with the notion of "country" only meaning a modern nation-state. I think historically you could equate a kingdom to what a country is now. The form of government was clearly different, sure, but they had a strictly top to bottom hierarchy from the king to the vassals similarly to how modern states are organized. You have the nation as a whole, under that federal states, under that municipalities, cities and so on. And some of those smaller territories do enjoy a fair amount of autonomy.
So, I don't really understand what's so fundamentally different.
If you look at historical maps from the 1500s-1700s you don't typically see this highly fragmented map. You do see the kingdoms though.
@@Siegbert85 Well it was more fluid back then. In a modern state the borders won’t change or a nation won’t disappear entirely simply because some guy died.
So it is less about the organisation of the subdivisions (province/duchy) and more about how people conceptualise the state itself. With the king, feudal rights and succession being the key points of a medieval state, whereas in a modern statae the institutions of the state itself are key
@@sebe2255 If we're talking high middle ages, same can be said for the feudal kingdoms. They also didn't disappear when the king died. When there was a succession crisis a new king would be elected or they fought it out on the battlefield but the realm endured.
Yes, borders changed a lot but you could also say that it's something out of the ordinary. When your fief used to belong to one kingdom the vassal can't simply decide to switch to another since in theory all fiefdoms belong to the crown and just get lent to him. So, any border changes will usually be accompanied by war which isn't so unlike today.
@@Siegbert85 But it is very much unlike today. The state itself is not a possession of anyone with all the implications that has. The king cannot casually subdivide his realm and split it amongst his sons or brothers.
And medieval kingdoms did disappear through inheritance all the time. Likewise new states or subdivisions appeared through inheritance as well. On top of that no one can really “claim” a state these days, even modern monarchies are seperate concepts from their states, which wasn’t the case for medieval kingdoms. Where 50% of medieval wars are some guy claiming a title of some other guy
There is obviously a difference between how people viewed what the state was in the middle ages and how we view it now
@@sebe2255 "The king cannot casually subdivide his realm and split it amongst his sons or brothers."
But that's an early medieval concept, isn't it? The Franks used to do that. Neither France nor Germany got subdivided after the Carolingians.
"And medieval kingdoms did disappear through inheritance all the time."
For instance?
"On top of that no one can really “claim” a state these days, even modern monarchies are seperate concepts from their states, which wasn’t the case for medieval kingdoms. Whereas 50% of medieval wars are some guy claiming a title of some other guy"
Well, they did claim the title but the realm itself stayed as it was. Like when a king of England claimed the throne of France he would only get to be head of state of both kingdoms. He wouldn't make France part of England.
@@Siegbert85 Charles V split the Low Countries between Spain and the HRE. It isn’t just an early medieval concept. Neither is absorbing other kingdoms or duchies through inheritance (think Castille or Norway) or creating new ones in the same way. Thalf of the internal HRE was created when duchies split in two through succession
I don’t get how you can say the solid states that lend their own sovereignty to themselves with strong institutions are the same as the states that relied heavily on succession where there was no real separation between monarchy and state. Just because both have subdivisions doesn’t mean they were the same
It's always fascinating to see the evolution of countries that still exist to this day.
I’d also love to see VTH do a reaction to the video ‘know your allies: Britain’. It’s an informational video made by the war department to educate their troops on who they’re fighting with and against and it’s a really interesting insight into how 40’s America viewed Britain and in some ways how little Britain has changed and how much Britain has changed in other ways.
Hello from the Czech Republic ☺ It's cool that you will be in Prague next year 👍
Alot of people assume Aragon was weaker or smaller than Castile but it wasn't. The water can make borders seem deceptive but along with Genoa the ran the western Mediterranean. So instead of a small triangle in Eastern peninsula it's more like the whole area from south Italy to eastern Spain while Castile was mostly a land based force.
Giving a thumb up with that great pronunciation of "Praha" :D
EU4 shoutout is great. Best Paradox game imo. I actually own a 8 by 6 version of this map.
I'll have to find the video. It was used in another video when the "How often do you think of the Roman Empire?" was a thing. But it has a map similar to this but is "live action," you can see how territories expand and contract. When people are conquered.
I've always been fascinated by royalty It is such a foreign concept for we Americans I watched many videos about the history of the English monarchy and some dealt with the history of other European countries as they intertwined with it But what struck me as particularly strange is when a country needed a new ruler they would adopt one from a list of noble families or - dynasties - and make him KING! Which struck me as absolutely WILD! This happened over and over but I'll just mention George I of Greece (who apparently read about his ascension in the news paper that wrapped his lunch) Also Leopold I of Belgium who was offered the crown after his wife Princess Charlotte of Wales died in childbirth - (nice consolation prize) In this vein I was fascinated by a video of Useful Charts which listed (and included some history) the top ten most powerful ruling dynasties of Europe Some were a bit familiar such as Savoy and Hapsburg and some more obscure to me like Capet or Oldenburg but most I've never heard of at all! Wettin - Wittlesbach - Welf - Nasau - Hohenzollern - Ivrea Anyway seeing this map makes me realize how some of these families became so powerful and why 'the powers that be' thought it a good idea to make them their rulers
This was terrific! Please do a reaction for the other Middle East and Africa vids when they do them
I've always found it perplexing that Austria ended up as the dominant state in Austria-Hungary, where virtually no one in the rest of their "empire" speaks German. I suppose if perhaps Austria had been more successful in a couple of the conflicts, things would have worked out differently. Bavaria seems like it would have been a natural partner for Austria, as opposed to throwing their lot in with Prussia.
In the interest of full disclosure, my family would have come from that light blue province "Landshut", just to the west of Austria. That is a really cool map.
Austria was the Habsburgs' home base. Hungary they just got to be kings of but Austria nobody could take from them.
BTW the author of the map has an etsy store where he sells map prints.
Always down for more medieval Europe videos 🔥
18:00 actually Crimea declared independence, but Russia annexed it
I know it's an unusual history topic for your channel, but could you check out Dyatlov Pass incident from Lemmino or Nick Crowley? It was one heck of a mystery in the Soviet Union and it's up there with D.B.Cooper case you covered on the channel.
At 3:43 that is Bodiam Castle, about a 45 - 60 minute drive south of London. I did a double take when it came up as I've recently been there and it has such a distinctive look that I thought "that must be it!" It's a great castle to visit, well maintained and you get great views from the top of the towers. And as you can see, and as is fairly traditional, entirely surrounded by a moat which is brilliantly maintained and makes you wonder how anybody ever managed to siege somewhere like this!
You could also have Kings that were “under” other Kings.
Kings of Scotland used to “swear fealty” to Kings of England, basically acknowledging them as the superior power in Britain. England’s Kings used to see Scotland as an autonomous vassal more than a separate kingdom
This stopped after the Wars of Scottish Independence though.
I think Serbia is interesting to look at. It became part of the Ottoman empire in the 15th century and was under their rule for about 5 centuries but the people still retained their national identity and the country was later reformed in more or less the same territory.
Hey tell your son happy birthday! It’s mine as well!
You should play kingdom come deliverance and kingdom come II when it comes out before you go on your trip.
Great stuff VTH! I highly recommend that you react (desimplify) a series called Oliver Stone's The Untold History of the United States.
The Rest is History did a amazing podcast about the Burgundy. Highly recommend. Their guest, a historian whom was written about Burgundy, said the dukes acted liked kings without crowning themselves as kings.
Early medieval Europe surpassed this one because of so many changes on the map from the fall of Rome to the invention of the printing press.
Playing Medieval 2 Total War while watching this is very entertaining 😂
I just got back from my trip to France where I visited the Musée Beaux-Arts in Dijon, which is in the former palace of the Burgundian dukes. There, they also had a part where they explain some of the history of the four great Burgundian dukes.
12:17 In German the name Joseph is pronounced "Yosef". 🙂
By the way, being an Austrian myself, I'd like to point out that we predominantly don't consider Germany [1:22] but the Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire the successor of the Holy Roman Empire...
technically. 😁
Hey, after all the old imperial regalia are still treasured here in Vienna! 😉
You mentioned Crusader Kings, but the grand strategy game that corresponds to this map is Europa Universalis IV - which, by default, starts in November 1444, after the Battle of Varna. However, one doesn't have to start the game in 1444 - the date can be wound forward up until ~1810. It can be educational just to "scroll through" the start date and watch countries appearing and disappearing. For instance you can track the demise of Novgorod and the rise of Muscovy.
Yo it is my Birthday today!!! This is awesome!!!
Lets make Crimea the Belgium 2.0. (I know its not the same and its silly)
I love learning about the rich history of the Medieval Byzantine Empire. In the early 11th century under the great Basil II The Bulgar Slayer they controlled the Balkans. They were at the center of the crusades, for better and worse. Their history has gone too unrecognized and overlooked for far too long.
1444? EU4 mention!!!!!!
That Sweden thought, the memories of what used to be.
14:32 If I'm not mistaken the Region of Auvergne also gets its name from a Celtic tribe the Avernii
Hey VTH there is a good video from insider "Civil War Historian Rates 9 American Civil War Battles In Movies | How Real Is It?" i loved to get a react form you :) keep up the good work hi5 from Portugal.
3:00 let the drinking game begin
If you are me, the drinking game is always going
Indeed 😂
I recommend playing kingdom come deliverance if you haven’t already, playing as a medieval knight in Bohemia never gets old
Bohemia is the wierdest thing in english. People always take it as it’s own entity separate from czech republic but in czech and all czech texts it is the czech kingdom, czech king, czech crown etc. The only difference being the west of the today’s republic is called Čechy which is a place where czechs live and the country is called Česko which is a suffix used for countries (Polsko, Rusko, Slovensko). So the kingdom isn’t some old predecesor but todays state is a continuation of it.
eu4 mentioned 👏
23:36
Of course, owning the Black Sea is a paramount geographic importance. Geography doesn't tend to change over mere centuries
I love how it shows the Wild Fields between Crimea and Ukraine
Arthur Hamilton’s 1953 song:
🎵 Crimea River, Crimea River
Lord knows, I Crimea River
Over you🎵
To add some context to the Bohemia-Moravia relationship, Moravia (both with Silesia which was lost later) was part of Crown of Bohemia. And it was basically created for the members of royal dynasty which weren't in line for throne to rule over and was basically semi-independent administrative region and later on when hussite wars started there was a difference in religious beliefs when Bohemia was mostly protestant and Moravia mostly catholic
That would be a really cool map to have enlarged and framed on the wall of a study.
“I would like to add to my collection.” Okay General Grievous
I think it’s also notable to look at the fact that, under Napoleon, there were French client states that gave Germans, Italians, and Poles a degree of unification. Those people weren’t the happiest when that unity was taken away from them after Napoleon’s defeat. I think that was a huge fact of the 1848 revolutions.
14:19 Alemania is also the etimology of Germany in many languages, such as castilian, catalan, portuguese and occitan
As my history teacher would say:
"Europe today is like chips at the top of the bag. While Europe back then was like one at the bottom of the bag".
We want that map too! P. S. Love your Crimea independence idea too.
I bought a high quality print of that map a few years ago. Think it was shipped from Latvia or Lithuania. It's very cool.