Cardiac Action Potential, Animation.

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  • Опубликовано: 24 ноя 2024

Комментарии • 818

  • @Alilamedicalmedia
    @Alilamedicalmedia  Год назад +25

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  • @3125601398
    @3125601398 4 года назад +998

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  • @GetShmanged
    @GetShmanged 5 лет назад +336

    "thank you for watching"
    No problem robot lady, thanks for helping me learn!

  • @avocadomd7170
    @avocadomd7170 4 года назад +172

    8 min video replaced a 2 hour lecture, man I really hate my school for complicating life... Thank you for the video!!

  • @alexiordache760
    @alexiordache760 7 лет назад +623

    "thank you for watching"
    Thank YOU for helping me.

  • @sawarnika4849
    @sawarnika4849 2 года назад +136

    The heart is essentially a muscle that contracts and pumps blood.
    It consists of specialized muscle cells called cardiac myocytes.
    The contraction of these cells is initiated by electrical impulses, known as action potential (AP)
    Unlike skeletal muscles, which have to be stimulated by the nervous system,the heart generates its own electrical stimulation.
    In fant, a heart can keep on beating even when taken out of the body.
    The nervous system can make the heartbeats go faster or slower, but cannot generate them.
    The impulses start from a small group of myocytes called the pacemaker cells, which constitute the CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM.
    These are modified myocytes that lose the ability to contract and become specialized for initiating and conducting action potentials.
    The SA node is the primary pacemaker of the heart.
    It initiates all heartbeats and controls heart rate
    If the SA node is damaged, other parts of the conduction system may take over this role.(AV node , Bundle of His )
    The cells of the SA node fire spontaneously generating action potentials that spread through the contractile myocytes of the atria.
    The myocytes are connected by gap junctions, which form channels that allow ions to flow from one cell to another.
    This enables the electrical coupling of neighboring cells.
    An action potential in one cell triggers another action potential in its neighbor and the signals propagate rapidly.
    The impulses reach the AV node, slow down a little to allow the atria to contract, then follow the conduction pathway and spread through the ventricular myocytes.
    Action potential generation and conduction are essential for all myocytes to act in synchrony.
    Pacemaker cells and contractile myocytes exhibit different forms of action potentials.
    Cells are polarized, meaning there is an electrical voltage across the cell membrane.
    In a resting cell, the membrane voltage, known as the resting membrane potential, is usually negative.
    This means the cell is more negative on the inside.
    At this resting state, there are concentration gradients of several ions across the cell membrane: more sodium and calcium outside the cell, and more potassium inside the cell.
    These gradients are maintained by several pumps that bring sodium and calcium OUT, and potassium IN.
    An action potential is essentially a brief REVERSAL of electric polarity of the cell membrane and is produced by Voltage-gated ion channels.
    These channels are passageways for ions in and out of the cell,and as their names suggest are regulated by membrane voltage.
    They open at some values of membrane potential and close at others.
    When membrane voltage INCREASES and become LESS negative,the cell is LESS polarized, and us said to be depolarized.
    Reversely, when membrane potential becomes MORE negative, the cell is repolarization.
    For an action potential to be generated, the membrane voltage must depolarize to a critical value called THRESHOLD.
    The pacemaker cells of SA node SPONTANEOUSLY fire about 80 potentials per minute, each of which sets off a heartbeat, resulting in an average heart rate of 80 beats per minute.
    Pacemaker cells do NOT have a TRUE RESTING potential.
    The voltage starts at about -60mV and SPONTANEOUSLY moves upward until it reaches the threshold of -40mV.
    This is due to action of so-called "FUNNY" currents present ONLY in pacemaker cells.
    Funny channels open when membrane voltage becomes lower than -40mV and allow slow influx of sodium.
    The resulting depolarization is known as "pacemaker potential".
    At threshold, calcium channels open, calcium ions flow into the cell further depolarizing the membrane.
    This results in rising phase of action potential.
    At the peak of depolarization, potassium channels open, calcium channels inactivate, potassium ions leave the cell and the voltage returns to -60mV.
    This corresponds to the falling phase of the action potential.
    The original ionic gradients are restored thanks to severy ionic pumps,and the cycle starts over.
    Electrical impulses from the SA node spread through the conduction system and to the contractile myocytes.
    These myocytes have a different set of ion channels
    In addition, their sarcoplasmic reticulum, the SR, stores a large amount of calcium.
    They also contain myofibrils.
    The contractile cells have a stable resting potential of -90mV and depolarize ONLY when stimulated, usually by a neighboring myocyte.
    When a cell is depolarized, it has more sodium and calcium inside the cell.
    These positive ions leak through the gap junctions to the adjacent cell and bring the membrane voltage of this cell up to the threshold of -70mV
    At threshold,fast sodium channels open creating a rapid sodium influx and sharp rise in voltage.
    THIS IS THE DEPOLARIZING PHASE.
    L- type or slow, calcium channels also open at -40mV, causing a slow but steady influx.
    As the action potential nears its peak, sodium channels close quickly, voltage gated potassium channels open and these result in a small decrease in membrane potential, known as EARLY REPOLARIZATION PHASE.
    The calcium channels, however, remain open and the potassium efflux is eventually balanced by the calcium influx.
    This keeps the membrane potential relatively stable for about 200msec resulting in the PLATEAU phase, characteristic of cardiac action potentials.
    Calcium is crucial in coupling electrical excitation to physical muscle contraction.
    The influx of calcium from the extracellular fluid, however, is NOT enough to induce contraction.
    Instead, it triggers a MUCH greater calcium release from the SR, in a process known as "calcium-induced calcium release".
    Calcium THEN sets off muscle contraction by the same " sliding filament mechanism" described for skeletal muscle.
    The contraction starts about half way through the plateau phase and lasts till the end of this phase.
    As calcium channel slowly close, potassium efflux predominates and membrane voltage returns to its resting value.
    Calcium is actively transported out of the cell and back to the SR.
    The sodium/potassium pump then restores the ionic balance across the membrane.
    Because of the plateau phase, cardiac muscle stays contracted longer than skeletal muscle.
    This is necessary for expulsion of blood from the heart Chambers.
    The absolute refractory period is also much longer - 250 msec compared to 1msec in skeletal muscle.
    This long refractory period is to make sure the muscle has relaxed before it can respond
    to a new stimulus and is essential in preventing summation and tetanus,which would stop the heart from beating.

  • @melikemonahan5772
    @melikemonahan5772 4 года назад +74

    This was one of the best descriptions of cardiac action potential. The animation is fantastic! Thank you!

  • @MrNurseinTExas
    @MrNurseinTExas 7 лет назад +345

    The best video so far that I have seen on this subject.

  • @iammobi
    @iammobi 11 месяцев назад +28

    I'm tired of forgetting it and having to watch these videos 293939 times

  • @rubaabdulrahman7196
    @rubaabdulrahman7196 7 лет назад +86

    You saved me the effort of reading , visualizing and comprehending ... 💘

  • @hadarprattaloni3721
    @hadarprattaloni3721 6 лет назад +55

    This is amazing, the best explanations about heart physiology I have seen so far!

  • @rohinsanatan2147
    @rohinsanatan2147 3 года назад +17

    This has to be the best video that has explained cardiac electrophysiology. Insane stuff. 🔥

  • @dralemsegedlecturessimplif4870
    @dralemsegedlecturessimplif4870 4 года назад +12

    As senior clinician i have been really encouraged by your lectures.
    I feel know i have to contirbute my fair share to the world of Medical Science. Thus, I have uploaded my first PPT based video.

  • @oliviamadlock-stork
    @oliviamadlock-stork 6 лет назад +24

    These videos are INCREDIBLE!!! Since I am a visual learner, I have been BLESSED to have received "sight" unto how the heart conducts its impulses! Even though I can read about the physiologic movements about the heart (or any other part of the body) I generally CATCH ON TO VIDEO VISUALS! God Bless You, and THANK YOU!!!!

  • @raduchiruta7177
    @raduchiruta7177 29 дней назад +1

    not many words to say… just THANK YOU!!!!💝

  • @zara2907
    @zara2907 4 года назад +52

    so I thought lets be kind today and this is basically a summary of the video. you're welcome.
    Action potential cardiac:
    The contraction of cardiac myocytes (muscles in the heart) are initiated by electrical impulses, known as action potential. It generates its own electrical stimulation and the beats go faster or slower caused by nervous system, but the nerves don’t generate the contraction. The impulses start from a small group of myocytes (pacemakers cells). These are modified myocytes that lose the ability to contract and become specialized in initiating and conducting action potentials. SA node is the primary pacemaker of the heart it initiates all heart beats and controls heart rate. The cells of the SA node start spontaneously generating action potential that spread through the contractile myocytes of the atria. The myocytes are connected by gap junctions, which form channels that allow ions to flow from one cell to another. This enables electrical coupling of neighboring cells, an action potential in one cell triggers another action potential in its neighbor and the signals propagate rapidly.
    - Cardiac myocytes; muscles that make up the heart
    - Pacemaker cells; The cells that create these rhythmic impulses; heart rate
    1. The impulses reach AV node
    2. Slow down little to allow the atria to contract
    3. Follow the conduction pathway and spread through the ventricular myocytes
    - Action potential generation and conduction are essential for all myocytes to act in synchrony.
    Polarized: there is an electrical voltage across the cell membrane
    Resting membrane potential, resting voltage, meaning that the cell is more negative on the inside.
    - More sodium and calcium outside the cell and more potassium inside the cell
    - Maintained through pumps
    - When membrane voltage increases and becomes less negative  cell is less polarized  depolarized. When cell gets more negative cell gets repolarized
    80 action potentials/beats per minute
    Pacemaker cells do not have true resting potential.
    Action potential in pacemaker cells
    • The voltage starts at -60 mv and spontaneously goes up to -40mv (threshold)  Pacemaker potential
    - Due to funny currents, only present in pacemaker cells, open when membrane voltage gets lower than -40mv, allows slow influx of sodium (inside the cell)
    • At threshold calcium channels open calcium ions flow in to the cell, further depolarizing  rising (depolarizing)
    • At the peak of depolarization potassium channels open calcium channels inactivate, potassium ions leave the cell ant the voltage returns to -60mv.  falling (repolarization)
    Electrical impulses from the SA nodes go to the contractile cells. Contractile cells store a large amount of calcium.
    Action potential in contractile myocytes
    - A stable resting state of -90mv and depolarize only when stimulated, usually by a neighboring myocyte.
    - When is cell is depolarized it has more sodium and calcium ions inside to cell, these positive ions leak through the gap junctions to the adjacent cell and bring the membrane voltage up to -70 mv (threshold)
    - At threshold: fast sodium channels open creating a rapid Sodium influx inside the cell and get a sharp rise in voltage.  depolarizing phase
    - Slow calcium channels opene at -40 causing a slow but steady influx, as the action potential nears its peak sodium channels close quickly, voltage-gated potassium channels open and these resolve in small decrease in membrane potential  early repolarization phase
    - the calcium channels remain open and potassium efflux is eventually balanced by the calcium influx this keeps the membrane potential relatively stable for about 200 milliseconds  plateau phase
    - the calcium inside the cell is not enough to trigger a muscle contraction, instead it releases calcium induced calcium release which sets off muscle contraction
     contraction starts at half of the plateau phase and lasts until the end.
    - Calcium channels close, potassium efflux predominates and membrane voltage goes back to it resting value. The sodium potassium pump then restores the ionic balance across the membrane.  repolarization
    Because of the plateau phase cardiac muscle stays contracted longer than skeleton muscle, which is important for pumping blood. Absolute refractory (state after and before resting) state is 250 millisecond compared to 1millisecond in a skeleton muscle. the cardiac muscle has a longer absolute time so it can rest before it starts contracting again, which is important.

  • @norhanali853
    @norhanali853 5 лет назад +50

    it's an amaaaaaaazing animation ..keep on ...we need animation on physiology of the kidney and autonomic nervous system

  • @dishninuwandika4907
    @dishninuwandika4907 3 месяца назад +1

    I am a medical student from Sri Lanka. Thank you so much for this vedio. In few minutes I covered a full lecturer . Please give us more vedios as these are very creative and easy to understand . Thank you so much once again

  • @phoenixtorres9339
    @phoenixtorres9339 4 года назад +12

    Thank you!
    Why can't all lectures be this straight to the point and time saving!? 🙄 lol

  • @justincurry5184
    @justincurry5184 3 года назад +5

    Excellently explained and shown!! Appreciate this video very much concerning a woman struggling with her heart; thank you.

  • @halliereeve3961
    @halliereeve3961 3 года назад +234

    Why can't my professors just have me watch your videos to learn instead of complicating everything with their lectures? THANK YOU

    • @MJ-gj6mj
      @MJ-gj6mj 3 года назад +8

      I am annoyed at the high cost to hear those complicated lectures, use my gas to get there and wear a specified (and expensive) uniform...when I can come on here in my PJs and learn way faster! Lol! Ugh

    • @shariyanaeem8520
      @shariyanaeem8520 2 года назад +2

      Where you studying physiology at

    • @lionelbigirimana7951
      @lionelbigirimana7951 10 месяцев назад +1

      😂😂😂

    • @wonghokman8392
      @wonghokman8392 Месяц назад

      you are so smart to leave this comment

  • @rodrigoespanol3129
    @rodrigoespanol3129 7 лет назад +62

    Now I know why they could keep captain Davy Jones' heart inside that chest. amazing video!

  • @gurjitsingh7029
    @gurjitsingh7029 7 месяцев назад +2

    Brilliant 7:50 mins of my study!!

  • @lzsss
    @lzsss Год назад

    I wish when I was at my med school this video already exist. But still grateful now I can remind all my study with the help of this animation and explanation

  • @AliAhmed-ig7gw
    @AliAhmed-ig7gw 7 лет назад +60

    Nice animation make the subject so easy to understand

  • @CC-fc8ul
    @CC-fc8ul 2 года назад

    This video in Gold. Super-accurate informations with simple animation. Great video!

  • @studylife2918
    @studylife2918 10 месяцев назад

    I have no words to adequately thank Alila Medical Media Thank you🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻

  • @mitulmalani9921
    @mitulmalani9921 11 месяцев назад

    The best explaination I could have got 5 hours before my exam. Thank youuuuuuu very much ❤️❤️

  • @kuhataparunks
    @kuhataparunks 5 лет назад +6

    Phenomenal animations that make the material very clear, thank you so much.

    • @AliYassinToma
      @AliYassinToma 3 года назад

      soo much space need to see it all

  • @biancagibbs468
    @biancagibbs468 3 месяца назад +1

    Excellently summarised

  • @yonatandaniel8758
    @yonatandaniel8758 2 года назад

    one of the best channels, helped a lot with my med school

  • @cameron6642
    @cameron6642 3 года назад

    That is by far the best demonstration on cardiac AP

  • @zaynabyusuf167
    @zaynabyusuf167 2 года назад +1

    My physiology lecturer makes us watch these videos at the end of all his lectures

  • @ms.flawed
    @ms.flawed Год назад +3

    How on earth this could be explained so logically? I understood everything...Literally six year and ten year old videos are making me pass my exams nowadays... Thank you soooooooooooooo much!!!!!!

  • @anilasudhakaran8458
    @anilasudhakaran8458 2 года назад +3

    Love your channel.
    Simplest way to explain the most difficult concepts.Kudos

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    @feruzhusainov1145 Год назад

    I just would like to say thank you for such amazing animations and for free available content

  • @91hsuanlin19
    @91hsuanlin19 2 года назад

    really helps a helpless medical student like me, thanks so so so much!!!

  • @zawarudo93
    @zawarudo93 3 года назад +2

    you just explained to me like 50 slides from my class that I didn't even understand all within 8 minutes

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    @ventsislav1796 Год назад

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    @amazanjean8350 2 года назад

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    @ambiakhatoon1856 6 лет назад +10

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    @metehanuyar01 7 лет назад +2

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    @ryanwilliams6478 2 года назад

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    @JosephMwanza-e5j Год назад

    best explanation ever, looking forward to smooth muscle contraction and relaxation.

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    @shreyatripathi8039 4 года назад +1

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    @gulanzafar7636 3 года назад

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    Each word was worth it!
    Thank u

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    @maronkimbugwe-ce2gb 4 месяца назад

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    @nikitrianta9896 3 года назад

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    @olaleye_tof 2 года назад

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    @fatimaabass3900 3 месяца назад +1

    That was great
    THANK YOU VERY MUCH

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    @alyssarudolph3681 Год назад

    my final is in a few days. This made more sense than every lecture he's talked about it, youre awesome.

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    @greatnessagwaze2498 2 года назад

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    @bharathkumart6097 6 лет назад

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  • @Kat2291
    @Kat2291 5 лет назад +4

    U made this so easy to understand and remember... Thank YOU so much

  • @Prerana_18
    @Prerana_18 11 месяцев назад

    Thanks for making life much simpler with this video

  • @constancehaddad160
    @constancehaddad160 4 года назад +2

    Excellent overview of cardiac action potential! Organized, well presented, with great, colorful, visual diagrams that helped to reinforce concepts.

  • @kamaltahir6440
    @kamaltahir6440 4 года назад

    Best video on this topic I've watched on you-tube!

  • @StevenChinula-di5oi
    @StevenChinula-di5oi 8 месяцев назад

    I missed the concept in my class,,but through this video I really enjoyed it
    You have explained it clearly big up 🙏

  • @thesoldiergirl572
    @thesoldiergirl572 3 года назад

    Grateful beyond words. Will do my best to support you!

  • @ritikabehera2766
    @ritikabehera2766 Год назад

    Absolutely brilliantly explained. THANK YOU!

  • @yungshleazy
    @yungshleazy 4 года назад +1

    AMAZING VIDEO!! saved myself from the adversity of a one hour lecture that I did not understand at all when this video explained everything I needed to know so clearly

  • @Angle.of.spring
    @Angle.of.spring 3 месяца назад +1

    Thank you so much ❤️❤️

  • @haridineevikhe8549
    @haridineevikhe8549 6 лет назад +2

    This video is simple yet amazingly descriptive .....I loved the animations and explanation. ....keep making more physiology videos

  • @roselluma771
    @roselluma771 5 лет назад

    A good elaborative teachings about action potential in the cardiac muscle cells. Am inspired.

  • @jordanmontague2863
    @jordanmontague2863 3 года назад

    wow you summed up a 2 hour lecture into 7 minutes, bless

  • @muhammadkamran1998
    @muhammadkamran1998 5 лет назад

    Excellent Job. Comprehensive and affective.

  • @supunidineshika3728
    @supunidineshika3728 2 года назад

    Covered almost all the cardiac physiology so nicely within 2 mints..thank you for the amazing lctr🙏🙏

  • @abhishekdev353
    @abhishekdev353 4 года назад

    what a wonderful piece of work. I should be thanking you.

  • @cyberteron
    @cyberteron 4 года назад

    No doubt the best video described everything in more detail and so easy to understand
    Thank you v much

  • @hc9177
    @hc9177 6 лет назад +1

    A perfect illustration which really helped me with understanding the cardia action potential system. Thank you!

  • @delka7764
    @delka7764 4 года назад

    This is the best website EVER( for basic), it could be more helpful if you could talk about more details.(for medical students)
    Thank Youuu

  • @christopherstocks8475
    @christopherstocks8475 11 месяцев назад

    thank you! in medical assisting class but im premed and highly interested in biochemistry, but the scope of a medical assistant is so limited and not as in depth. this animation really made it great for me and satisfied my curiosity :)

  • @mask-fproduction1893
    @mask-fproduction1893 2 года назад

    intelligent, smart and full of information presentation. easy to understand each points. thanks

  • @ezrabuckman2843
    @ezrabuckman2843 6 лет назад

    After so many years of not understanding this, you have finally helped me grasp this. Thank you so much!

  • @brahmachemitikanti4849
    @brahmachemitikanti4849 7 лет назад

    O.... What an effort. Mind blowing .superb vedio.thank you a lot.

  • @sumangiri9887
    @sumangiri9887 2 года назад

    Really helpful video, easy to understand with best explanation so far. Thank you for the amazing video !!!

  • @gullans.m
    @gullans.m 3 года назад

    I was so disappointed in my class which is 2h ,
    but now I got it! wow thankssss

  • @zinee6100
    @zinee6100 3 года назад +2

    I really like this video. Helps a lot, especially for I just start to research on related field and need to learn the fundamentals of cardiac myocytes firing. Thanks!

  • @michellecavanagh37
    @michellecavanagh37 4 года назад

    Now I get it!!! This was so helpful. The best explanation I have seen.

  • @SOSO7539
    @SOSO7539 4 года назад +1

    Alila videos are honestly the most understandable, best explained and well animated medical videos on youtube. Always my go to source for clarification. Im still a student so I dont make a lot of $$ but I will support u guys on patreon because this content is why i consider youtube to have some pretty great content (among all the useless timewasting shit that I indulge in as well from time to time :D)

    • @Alilamedicalmedia
      @Alilamedicalmedia  4 года назад +1

      Thank you very much, but please support only if you are comfortable enough, we would feel bad otherwise!

  • @tasneemfahoum5931
    @tasneemfahoum5931 3 года назад

    Thanks for the very clear summarized explanation!!

  • @rubina4578
    @rubina4578 Год назад +1

    May Allah bless you for your efforts💙this is so helpful

  • @boredtodeath741
    @boredtodeath741 7 лет назад

    this is GREAT. very visual and quick. thank you.

  • @Namaskaram_114
    @Namaskaram_114 4 месяца назад

    Thank you mam,
    For making the concept easily understandable 🙏🏻😊

  • @santino4561
    @santino4561 4 года назад

    unbelievably well explained. thank you!!

  • @drbabychitra
    @drbabychitra 5 лет назад

    very good animation very much useful to the medical students.

  • @Bio-Med
    @Bio-Med 3 года назад

    How important are cardiomyocytes and how do they regulate energy metabolism..plz make a video on this. You are doing a great job...

  • @TheMerahi
    @TheMerahi 5 лет назад

    Wow. How dedicated u r to make us understand such complex idea in simple animation. God bless u and keep it upup!!!

  • @doodoobearlove
    @doodoobearlove 4 года назад +1

    Thank you have make everything so clear with all the amination better then a dead lecture -life saving. XD

  • @yarakat6937
    @yarakat6937 4 года назад +1

    Super presentation👍👍👍

  • @maryonyegasioyem
    @maryonyegasioyem 7 лет назад

    I love your teaching. Made the topic easy to understand. thanks

  • @gracey7166
    @gracey7166 4 года назад

    This short video covers everything my lecturer taught in a lesson and its much more informative and understandable....

  • @evelyrosario6578
    @evelyrosario6578 9 месяцев назад

    Thank you so much for your help. May the Lord Jesus bless you!

  • @araxa2008
    @araxa2008 7 лет назад

    After this video, I have a much better understanding of the cardiac action potencial cycle.

  • @cousinssquad672
    @cousinssquad672 4 года назад

    this vedio is very helpful to understand these potentials of cardiac muscles. thank u so much