Cardiac Arrhythmias, Animation
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- Опубликовано: 9 дек 2015
- (USMLE topics, Cardiology) Cardiac Arrhythmias Overview: Sinus, Atrial and Ventricular Rhythms, Anatomy and ECG/EKG, Animation.
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Voice by: Abbie Drum
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Cardiac arrhythmias classified by site of origin: Sinus rhythms, from the SA node; Atrial rhythms the atria; Ventricular rhythms from the ventricles.
Sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia may be normal or clinical depending on the underlying cause.
Cardiac arrhythmias that originate from other parts of the atria are always clinical. The most common include: atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation and AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia. These are forms of supraventricular tachycardia or SVT.
Atrial flutter or A-flutter is caused by an electrical impulse that travels around in a localized self-perpetuating loop, most commonly located in the right atrium. This is called a re-entrant pathway. For each cycle around the loop, there is one contraction of the atria. The atrial rate is regular and rapid - between 250 and 400 beats per minute. Ventricular rate, or heart rate, however, is slower, thanks to the refractory properties of the AV node. The AV node blocks part of atrial impulses from reaching the ventricles. In this example, only one out of every three atrial impulses makes its way to the ventricles. The ventricular rate is therefore 3 times slower than the atrial rate. This is an example of a “3 to 1 heart block”.
On an ECG atrial flutter is characterized by absence of normal P wave. Instead, flutter waves, or f-waves are present in saw-tooth patterns.
Atrial fibrillation is caused by multiple electrical impulses that are initiated randomly from many ectopic sites in and around the atria, commonly near the roots of pulmonary veins. These un-synchronized, chaotic electrical signals cause the atria to quiver or fibrillate rather than contract.
The atrial rate during atrial fibrillation can be extremely high, but most of the electrical impulses do not pass through the AV node to the ventricles, again, thanks to the refractory properties of the cells of the AV node. Those do come through are irregular. Ventricular rate or heart rate is therefore irregular and can range from slow to rapid.
On an ECG, atrial fibrillation is characterized by absence of P-waves and irregular narrow QRS complexes. The baseline may appear undulating or totally flat depending on the number of ectopic sites in the atria. In general, larger number of ectopic sites results in flatter baseline.
AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia or AVNRT is caused by a small re-entrant pathway that involves directly the AV node. Every time the impulse passes through the AV node, it is transmitted down to the ventricles. The atrial rate and ventricular rate are therefore identical. Heart rate is regular and fast, ranging from 150 to 250 beats per minute.
Ventricular rhythms are the most dangerous (lethal rhythms).
Ventricular tachycardia or V-tach is most commonly caused by a single strong firing site or circuit in one of the ventricles. It usually occurs in people with structural heart problems such as scarring from a previous heart attack or abnormalities in heart muscles. Impulses starting in the ventricles produce ventricular premature beats that are regular and fast, ranging from 100 to 250 beats per minute. On an ECG V-tach is characterized by wide and bizarre looking QRS complexes. P wave is absent. V-tach may occur in short episodes of less than 30 seconds and cause no or few symptoms. Sustained v-tach lasting for more than 30 seconds requires immediate treatment to prevent cardiac arrest. Ventricular tachycardia may also progress into ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular fibrillation or v-fib is caused by multiple weak ectopic sites in the ventricles. These un-synchronized, chaotic electrical signals cause the ventricles to quiver or fibrillate rather than contract. The heart pumps little or no blood. V-fib can quickly lead to cardiac arrest. V-fib ECG is characterized by irregular random waveforms of varying amplitude, with no identifiable P wave, QRS complex or T wave. Amplitude decreases with time, from initial coarse v-fib to fine v-fib and ultimately to flatline.
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As a nursing graduate, I can’t express how much I got out of this video!
I finally understand the type of heart rhythm I should be watching for, and why.
i have not seen any better video on arrhythmia than this one
Very helpful in my understanding of heart problem
exactly!
If only cardiologists and electrophyisologists could take the time to explain this it would help so much in reducing the fear! I know!
Agreed!
@@sharoncombs58 They would lose a customer because if you are cured they could go out of business. 🤣🤣🤣!! Ignorance and fear (of dying) will make you depend upon their knowledge.
Such a complicated topic so simply explained with brilliant visuals. No words. Thank you
This video was excellent. Finally got an answer to what the hell is a SVT.
Same😆
A tachycardia above the ventricles
I'm in love with this channel! love the amazing visuals and clear explanations.
This is too much... too good... too well-explained... like, I'm at a loss of words as to how PERFECTLY you guys taught this.
Thank you. I'm on the verge of tears right now.
I’m speechless
This is just what I needed!
Thank you for making you tube a community for educational purposes, cardiac arrhythmias are one of the first things that you see in med school, Im graduated medical doctor.
Gustavo Martinez .....me too
Gustavo Martinez .....me too
One of the best youtube channel for visualizing physiology ♥♥♥
Excellent video, thank you so much for making this. That end of the video on the flatline was quite terrifying
Why can’t doctors recommend videos like this so we have an idea what’s going on with our bodies? I learned so much in just 6 minutes!
I've watched all your videos on the heart for my A and P class. If I get a decent or good grade it's all cause of you. These are honestly saving my life.
Hey did you get good grades?
@@besttiktoks4352 I got a b, but the class is so dificult that's what I was hoping to get lol
@@Maria-le5jp Three years late, but congrats!! :D
Thank you for watching! Follow us on Twitter twitter.com/AlilaMedical for instant notification of our new videos!
Boom! Exactly what I needed! Again, great work, team!
Keypoints of the video:
Sinus rhythm is normal 60-100 beats per minute.
Sinus bradycardia less than 60, Tachycardia- more than 100.
Sinus bradycardia normal during sleep, Tachycardia during workout.
*Atrial flutter: loop travelling, often in the right atrium, 250-400 of atria, heart rate is lower (3 times).
ECG: absence of P wave, f waves are present.
*Atrial fibrilation- random impulses, ectopic sites, irregular heart rate.
ECG: absence of P waves, narrow QRS complex.
*AVNRT: reentrant tachycardia. small reentrant pathway, transmitted down. Atrial and ventricular rate
are the same. Heart rate is faster- 150+.
*Ventricular tachycardia: single firing site, structural heart problems. Premature beats.
ECG: wide, abnormal QRS complexes. P wave is absent. Requires treatment to prevent arrest.
May progress into ventricular fibrillation.
*Ventricular fibrillation: pumps little to no blood, cardiac arrest.
ECG: random, no identifiable P, QRS. Flat line = death.
Thankyou for this!🙏
Thank you very much!!
Thank You!
this is an outstanding representation I have not seen anything better.
Thank God for doctors. Much respect for the lecturers and professors that teach people.
Especially Cardiology
Great video, Thank you so much! Learned a lot in only 6 minutes!
Excellent video, thank u so much for making this difficult chapter so easy n that too with animation, u guys have done a wonderful job ,plz continue to help in the same way
This is the best channel have seen.
Great video.
Such a very helpful.
AMAZINGLY well explained! Thank you !!
I have suffered with heart rhythm issues for a few years, doctors have not found a direct cause but have linked it to stress & anxiety. This video was very interesting, thank you
U most prob have PVCs (premature ventricular contraction) which are benign but recommend a holtor too analyse your burden
@@FaisalA233 thanks for advising 🙏
Beautifully explained!!! Thank You!
THIS WAS SO HELPFUL THANK YOU
It's the best video on Arrhythmia I have ever seen. Thanks a lot. 🙂🙂🙂
Thank u very much, ur way of making animations is great and easily understandable
That was a GREAT animation and explanation, thanks a LOT!
Thanks for the concepts you have provided here.
Great video for my physiology class! Thanks :)
very helpful video, great animation! thank you!
Thank you sooo much for such an educational video may the Almighty keeps you and your family always blessed with good health wealth peace and happiness 👍🙏🤗
FANTASTIC THANK YOU
Superb, succinct video with excellent use of graphics for the visual learner. Thank you!
Good job!! keep making good videos they are really helpful!
Best medical explanation
This video is brilliant. Thanks a lot!!
THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU! I may pass my cardiac nursing class after all!
Best vid on the subject well done
can you please make one on Fetal arrhythmias please, I can't find anything. Looking for that I stopped by here and stayed to watch :) its well explained.
WOWWW..Visual explanations are amazing! tnq
Really great, thanks!
This was a great video! It really helped break down everything!
Thank you!
@@Alilamedicalmedia excellent vdo
Excellent video...very informative and you made it look easy
great presentation and great video thank you ....
Super helpful. graphics work well to demonstrate concepts
thank you so much for this perfect video & your translation .
Awesome video thanks it helped me a lot
Awesome explanation
Thank u
Thank you for sharing this informative information.
I have no words to say thank you for making such an excellent vedioes..
thank you, great video
amezing animation
i love alila medical media
This is unbelievably explained
Thank you for this! It provides the basics, so it's valuable to new learners, but it's also really helpful for people who've been at this a while because the graphics make it easier to visualize what's happening. Beautifully done. Warmed my heart : )
Thanks for your kind words, we are happy we could help :)
Great video!
Really good video .Was helpful
Excellent, A+ Thank you.
thanks for the explanation!
Good explanation ... thanks
U mentioned the ECG changes according to arrhythmias.its very useful.
u made it very easy ..thnx a lot ❤
Great video
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Really thank you 💙
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Thank you. Good explanation
İşime yaradı perfect ...
it was very helpful thank you
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Thank you for making this
Great video. Currently studying to be a telemetry tech! :)
Excellent. Thanks 😊
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sincerely this video is helpful
Excellent!!
Helped clarify sinus vs atrial rhythms, thanks!
Your videos are so precise that I regret so much I should have spent time watching these instead of studying standard textbooks loaded of additional unnecessary information
Excellent video
nice explanation
Whoever blinks an eye brings care,
(he who disciplines boldly brings peace).
Just thanksss
good vedo and lechter maam....
Thank you
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It is best explained of erhythmia that's Wonderful ♡
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very help ful
I had to stop this video because my heart decided to start playing Simon says, but the animations and explanation is awesome.
Awesome 😎
thank you, this video is very important to medical student
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Oh my god!!!!!!!! Very informative