Introduction to chirality | Stereochemistry | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy
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- Опубликовано: 14 окт 2024
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Introduction to chirality (handedness), and how chirality is related to the groups bonded to a central carbon. Created by Sal Khan.
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Organic Chemistry on Khan Academy: Carbon can form covalent bonds with itself and other elements to create a mind-boggling array of structures. In organic chemistry, we will learn about the reactions chemists use to synthesize crazy carbon based structures, as well as the analytical methods to characterize them. We will also think about how those reactions are occurring on a molecular level with reaction mechanisms. Simply put, organic chemistry is like building with molecular Legos. Let's make some beautiful organic molecules!
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"I'm not going to write the whole thing"
(Dead silence. No one arguing with you)
"I'll just write the whole thing" hahaha
Anyways this video/playlist is super helpful. Thanks.
"won't write whole thing"
(Thinks for a while)
"Naah, they are dumb, they won't understand")
lol
@@laughingkoffin lol hahaha
i am a south african student...just letting you know u helping even us who are so far away..thank you.
fulufhelo nemutandani physics and agriculture are not the same thing
+shao khan shut up
DOGE™
make me
***** m9 ill rek u i swear on me mum!!!!
***** don't let your dreams be dreams!!!!!!!!
wow, I really can't thank you enough sooooo helpful! Thanks for taking time out of your day to make these videos, you help tons of students everywhere!
after blackboard is full it looks so pretty with all those colors
Thank you sir for helping to simplify the only chemistry I've taken where I can feel the air stir above me as the entire lesson flew over my head.
9 years ago u made a comment and no likes I fell bad to pass u by. Here's mine👍.go on
That is very caring of u. I'm liking ur comment two years after and his 11 years after wow
@@mohamedfazil6345
You are litterally saving me with these videos. I don't get anything in Chemistry but this is wow. So thank you!!
Thank you for saving me right now, I am actually having trouble understanding it so I searched on youtube. Thank you!
I prefer to think of it as the study of change
think of what? organic chem?
sal, you have saved my life, with your organic chemistry videos..!!!
awesomeeeeee
This concept was not making any sense to me, but now it does! Thank you.
Thank you sir ❤ you really helped me to ace my topics.
From India
I was really worried: I've heard EVERYONE say how difficult oChem is. So when I heard of chirality, I was scared, but this concept comes extremely easy to me.
HEISENBERGGGG
I always look up your vid so I can understand organic chemistry. Thank you so much!
@Casowsky i didn't catch that but that's why I love him. So patient lol.
Sal I hope you know that you are an inspiration to millions of students around the world watching your videos everyday. I really wish you the best and may you succeed in everything you wish to accomplish
i used to watch random useless failblog videos when i was procrastinating. but now i watch Sal's videos when im bored and dont feel like studying!!
You are soooo Briliant....this made things super Clear, Big Thank You
Sal, the mirror image to be produced is from the right hand( palm side) and not the left.
Just one question, the hydrogen in the example( in between the other two groups) is in the centre it will still be in the centre which ever way it is rotated ???
It is not in centre, it is in 3d.
So in reality you won't be able to tell which one is middle or which one is at the edge
now i feel like I can teach others organic chemistry! A nice refresher course, wish I continued with organic chemistry in my degree...
So are you teaching now?
i cannot express my love for this Organic chemistry videos. saving me in college :D
Makes me think of a short story by Arthur C Clarke about a man who accidentally fell into a 4th dimension of space, resulting in all his molecules changing chirality. The result was that he could not attain nourishment from anything he ate and so started starving.
Thank you Khan Acad!
Finally makes sense.
When I give a speech on my med graduation day, I will say 'I would like to thanks those who has always been there for me, and those are, Mr Google, KhanAcademy and Mr RUclips'.
ms*
Huh?@@rurueuedits
This is so cool. I've never learned this before I saw this video. Love your videos.
"I am not gonna write the whole thing"
"I m gonnna write the whole thing" 😂😂
SAL is the best💜💜
Your Orgo teaching skills are phenomenal Mr. Khan!
i love you khan academy :') you make my life simpler. i like your handwriting
You deserve lot of respect .
I'm here to understand Death Stranding better lmao
IronVigilance Gaming 🙌
Same!
System Failed Successfully
A HIDEO KOJIMA GAME
SOOO HELPFUL. Thank you so much for taking the time to make all these videos!
Thank you so much....its so helpful
You are a life saver...! THANKS!
these 10year old videos are gold
Great help for me you have done
Brilliant video! It's amazing how simple things are when they're explained well.
Superimposable***
He wrote Superimpossible🤣🤣
Thank You Sir 😊
you are just soooo smart!!!!!!!!!
Depends on what symmetry they have. Even chiral molecules can have symmetry of some sorts.
thank you sir
There's a spelling mistake in this video Sal!!! It's spelled superimposable not superimposible
thank Mr khan!!!! your a star!
"I'm not gonna write the whole thing...." "Let me just write the whole thing."
Thank evolution for inventing hands. Now I can take my hands to the exam and no one will punish me!
If I raise my left hand and touch the mirror the hand in the mirror directly superimposes onto the hand touching the mirror so I don’t understand.
L-form and D-form, are how the molecule "bends light". R- and S- designation, are shorthand to distinguish between the two enantiomers, left or right handedness of molecule. Eg, when the smallest side group attached to a chiral carbon, is placed at rear of molecule, then the three other groups may rotate clockwise (R-), or anticlockwise (S-), going from heaviest side group, to second heaviest, then third.
Oggston discovered that nature can tell the difference between 2 different, and two similar side groups, by the nature of attachment. The example Biochemists quote is cis-aconitate in TCA cycle. Might well apply to Glutamic acid, eg MSG. Hope it wasn't synthetically sourced, Chemists just don't get 100% Yields in such reactions (Racemisation)!!!
your explanation is fantastic
thank you alot!
Best 👏Thank you so much
Thank you so much, this helped me out heaps!!!
You guys are doing a great job!!
Love it from Ethiopia 💯👍
Thank you very much. Great
I don't even need to know this, but his voice makes me feel clever and I'm in exam week so... yeh xd
Always good to have more knowledge
Thank you for this! definitely saved me from flunking the exam
thank you!!!!
"I'm not gonna write the whole thing, you know, not, superimposable... I'll just write the whole thing..." lmao
Chiral centres are applicable in amino acids, though some are likely to be Oggston's 3-point attachment theorem. Hence, they are essential in enzymes (in nature L-form). So, primary, secondary, tertiary structures of enzymes would be altered by D-form, I believe.
Imagine an enzyme as, a left hand glove on a right hand? Maybe, driving gloves?????
thank you soooo much
I LOVE YOU this makes sense
if you take the mirror image of the chiral carbon, wouldn't the methyl group go toward the back and the hydrogen go toward us (the front)?
No but that's an easy mistake to make. Look closely at the planes in which each of the three groups below the carbon are in. If you looked at it from above (looking downward through the fluorine and carbon) you would see the molecules arranged methane, bromine, hydrogen (counterclockwise) on the left compound. If you looked down on the other it would be methane, hydrogen, bromine. If you rotated the left compound one "tick" counterclockwise, you would have the bromine in back and the hydrogen on the left.
+andrew maldonado I was confused too but thanks, your explanation helped
I sit in class for 1 hour and 20 minutes hearing the droning of a refrigerator and learn nothing. I sit here for 6 minutes and it starts to make sense.
OMB thaxx a looooot!! You don´t how much u´ve helped me ;)
great illustration
BASED KHAN
When is chemistry for 12th India coming in app?
Here after 10 years,,,🔥....
tnx again for this another helpful video...I jst have this one doubt regarding chiral carbon...so..if there is one ethyl group and one butyl group at two sides of one carbon nd two different groups on other two sides..will it be chiral carbon..or not??I mean.. are ethyl and butyl are two different groups here??advanced tnx..
Thanks....
Sal's everyone's favourite uncle :)
4:40 i think sal messed up the mirror image drawing of the molecule. the methyl group should have a dashed line and the hydrogen should have a wedged line
TeaNcrumpets RS That would be the same molecule. Sal drew the mirror image.
Gracias.
"I'm not gonna write the entire thing."
"I'll just write the entire thing."
Man was defeated.
Some hands on learning, going on here.
Great video
Meso tartaric acid has a non superimposible mirror image (R,S) and (S,R)... so is it chiral?
I'm a little confused, at 4:02 you mentioned carbon is bonded with CH 3 a methyl group ? isn't it an ethyl since it's two carbon and not one ? eth= 2 carbon, and meth=1 carbon ? or do i got it wrong ?
It's methyl. When considering identifying a group you just identify what protrudes from the central Carbon...since only CH3 protrudes from the central Carbon than it is only a Methyl. If you were to name the molecule though it would be Ethyl: 1-Bromo-1-Fluroehtyl (the rules for naming molecules IUPAC and naming groups can be a bit tricky and requires work to learn)
So the two carbons in the top right are chiral? But they are bonded to the same four groups, just in a different 3D shape...
You r awesome!
The Wikipedia article on chirality is good.
Awesomeeee !!! =D
FinaLy i get itt .. thx
CH3-CH2-CH=CH2
Is this a chiral compound?
Chiral Network
the dislikes are from bitter teachers.....lol
u rock and make chemistry a cakewalk for me...thanks...
What dislikes?
I have an orgo exam in 2 days; I was super pissed until I saw your videos.
I don't understand , How turning 180 degree of hand won't make it superimposeable
because your palm is facing the opposite direction.
@amory88 R and S only work for chiral centers..
Ok it veary good,thak
@DaKingCobra11 The hand example is a 2 dimensional figure so I can rotate it to be superimposable.. But if it was SP3 molecule you couldn't superimpose them.... am I seeing this right?
How would you find R or S if there is no chiral center on your line drawing?
you rock...
It is also called a stereogenic carbon.
cutest friggen hand drawing evah
I always watch these videos at ×1.25 speed.
What's the difference between chiral and asymmetrical?
I'm pretty sure it's the same.
“This concept explains hands in general”
Am I the only one who finds that all examples given are super imposable if you rotate them 180 degrees?
Hands are not. If you rotate your hand 180 degrees then the palm is facing upward.
Yeah in real life I know. But the 2D examples are in my opinion super imposable mirror images. I think he should have used 3D images :)
@@sanderossi8013 maybe it’s hard to do 3D on screen
@@jayasmrmore3687 yeah that’s true for the author of this clip maybe? Drawing 3D is more difficult than 2D. But not that difficult it is? Back then I was just making sure that I understood it correctly and that the examples used are in fact non super imposable. I was, years ago, trying to correctly understand chirality.
However, now 4 years later I am quite sure the visual examples given do not perfectly support the explanation for chirality :)
I’ve seen 3D drawings of molecules and then you see why the mirror image of chiral molecules cannot be superimposed on eachother.
Wait so are only asymmetrical molecules chiral, or can symmetrical molecules be chiral?