Hey Sreetips, dont ever worry about time on your videos. I could sit here for two hours if need be, and still enjoy every minute from beginning to end.
Don't worry about the length of the videos. I'm learning and taking notes :) Keep up the great work. I am ready to try my luck with gold and silver recovery.
This man knows how to disolve your body in a very fun way, and safely use up the remaining acids. Thanks, Sreetips! We obviously love your work, or we wouldn't watch!
See, you fuckin up & know it but now hoping some jokes will save you. You're lucky a certain 3 letter agency keeps him on a short leash in exchange to use his Michael Myers/Walter White psychotic super traumatic background in teaching asshole teens otherwise he'd be extracting your semen through your nose using a chemical reaction involving your own fart.
I know this video is a year old. But I found your channel about two weeks ago, and I’ve been hooked since. I never knew how much work goes into breaking down and purifying gold.. love the content.. keep up the great video’s
Age 3-6ish I use to go hang out with my neighbor who was my oldest sisters age. He was a high school drop out, but had a physics degree at 17. We use to listen to classical music and he would discuss chemistry and stuff. My grandfather was in the Navy during world war II. Then worked at Pratt & Whitney in east Hartford CT for 30 years building commercial and military jet engines. He was a supervisor. My father was in the Navy for 12 years and worked for United Technologies for 30 years as well. He did sheet metal work, then worked at "Power Systems", then "International Fuel Cells" where he worked on fuel cells for rockets. They use to use a fuel that would ignite at 72*f. Navy men are sharp guys typically. And I have learned a lot from @Sreetips. And it is appreciated. Thanks, man!
Have been watching different methods and recovery videos for about a year now in addition to reading, learning more and more. Definitely my favorite channel! The long-form videos and explanations of processes are an amazing wealth of knowledge. Hoping to be ready to start refining soon and feel pretty confident that I can maximize my yields using the vital tips added into these. Thanks Sreetips!
@@sreetips smart move. Some might find it dull or annoying but most find it important. I never mind a longer video if it is actually teaching me something.
Absolutely. Include the footage. We have a button to skip forward if we don’t find a segment needful. But there is no button to add segments that aren’t included! Never know what little bit may be meaningful to someone. Thanks for what you do Sreetips!
I can only imagine what happened that left all these colourful splashes on the walls of the boiling room. 🤔😂😂😂 Fantastic video, very professional. Thank you
Thank you for your advice about hitting items with the torch it saved me from a mess. I found what i thought to be a set of 2. 14kt g.f . channel 5 pens but turned out to be plastic over aluminum. If i threw that in my aqua regia the aluminum would probably have dropped out my gold. Torching will be a new mandatory step for me( every time) thank you sir.
My collection of GF and GR is growing to the point I am getting worried about the refinement! Thanks for the update on the acid boil to remove the lead. I cut my bracelets, but not full on destroyed them to check for that....back to the cleaning table!!!
"Warranted 14K" usually means solid gold on an old pocket watch case, unless accompanied with a year guarantee designation (e.g.,10,20,25 years). Always good to acid test those. Of course, since you are scrapping the metal, it makes little difference, although it will give a misleading higher percentage result when you do the math, because you have the solid gold in there.
Knowing how pupils are and how some dumdums are handling chemicals, there would probably have been serious/deadly accidents by now, so it makes sense they don't show it in schools :D
Hi Sreetips. For your next batch please consider to try the eco goldex surface gold stripping and recovery system. It seems so much easy to recover the gold that way for gold filled scrap. No acids, no need to burning anything, It doesn't matter what base metal you have. I'd like to hear your comments on that option and better yet to watch you demonstrate that option.
Those videos getting better to great is so much I learn from you I can said are better than go to eny school to learn this quimetry art thank you so much
so its safe to assume this scrap gf is roughly 2.5% gold by weight? so if i buy a batch form ebay I can roughly calculate what yield to expect to determine how much i should spend on the batch?
question with gold filled, so after hot nitric treatment and filtered foils do you put that old solution right in your stockpot or do you add copper or hydrochloric acid to get silver out filter silver then put it liquid in waste container or do you put it in stockpot?? I’m assuming the only thing you add to your stockpot is after you precipitate the aqua Regia and filter out the gold that old aqua regia goes in your stockpot correct?? Ty for all your help in the past!!!
No silver solutions go in my stock pot - ever. After I remove the silver, either cemented on copper or silver chloride conversion, the waste copper goes into a bucket with copper in it and sits for several days. Then I transfer the copper solution to my waste treatment bucket.
Hey Sreetips, if I had a large amount of absolute junk with gold in amongst it, could i place them 1st in a hot HCl bath, rinse with clean water, then a hot nitric acid bath, then rinse, then lift it with an aqua regis bath, filter, then drop and melt? Would that be a moderately efficient way of obtaining gold from say, various electronic junk?
This is a really bad idea. It will create a large amount of hazardous waste starting at the first step. I would recommend you do a little research at the gold refining forum. There are plenty of posts on how to properly process this type of material.
this guy is amazing...i want him to know he has a big black following... we like his style , like his game, and learn from him..and appreciate him.... and respect him...i like to point it out ...as it helps build bridges.
@@graymouser1 When you have worked with solder you find there are many different ways of removing it cleanly from alot of surfaces he merely chose what another chemist had done from the book he is using but heating it for 20 mins would get most of it then it would take less acid to deal with the rest or if your thorough enough the amount can be dealt with later in the process.
I’d put it in a container. Soak it in hot tap water. Then add some soap, shake it to loosen dirt. Pour out the dirty liquid and repeat. For the last treatment: rinse with hot tap water until all the soap is off. Dry with a heat gun. Then proceed with incineration and recovery in hot nitric in a fume hood.
With the gold contend reduced by inquartation, the nitric can then penetrate to the core of each piece, forming a honeycomb structure as is goes, to successfully remove all the silver and base metals. The process is so effective that the gold is very near three nines after the nitric boils. But the only way to be sure is to refine it with aqua regia.
Small question (and maybe im just missunderstanding something here) but wouldnt it be possible and more efficient to use gold filled or gold plated stuff to inquart carat gold (because of the high base metal content in there)? You wouldnt need to add as much silver and also the amount of chemicals you would need is lower. Or is there something i dont know about which would make that not possible for some reason?
Gold filled can be used. But it increases the chance of getting lead and tin in with the gold. For this reason I process GF separately. Gold plated is junk metal coated with copper, then plated with a few microns of gold. Definitely don’t want that near our karat gold. I refine silver so it benefits me to use clean sterling silver to inquart the gold.
Deplating gold plated material in a sulfuric acid stripping cell (the only way I know of to do it properly) produces a fine black powdered gold that is heavily contaminated with other metals. I wouldn’t recommend skipping the refining of the black gold powder.
I enjoy the length and details! ;) Would it be reasonable to melt down all this stuff into shot? Just like inquarted gold? And dissolve that? It seems like it would save significant time and effort cleaning.
In India and Pakistan this is a normal routine workday for 8 year old children recovering gold, platinum and silver from electronic equipment. Except there isn’t any fume hoods, gloves, aprons,safety glasses or eye wash basins.
Hello, I wounder if you use once cyanide or like me you find it too dangerous? In this case what do you think about some mixture chemical like ecogoldex.
No experience with ecogoldex I don’t know what it is. My friend the jeweler used to use cyanide. He said the draft blew some of the gas back I into the room he was working in. His tongue and lips immediately began to swell and tingle and he watched a fly drop dead out of mid flight before he could run out to get away from the gas. I’ve never used cyanide or mercury in any of my processes.
Hey Sreetips. I LOVE your channel. For those of us who want to get into what you're doing, could you break down all the equipment you use, how much you go through, approximate cost and where to get it? Thanks
With that amount of base metal, especially with all that lead and tin to deal with, this may have been a good opportunity to try your hand at cupellation.
@@sreetips Ancient technique, but still used today, especially for fire assays. Dan Hurd and MBMMLLC both have good videos showing the process if you just want to see what's involved. Basically, it uses lead and a selectively-absorbent melting dish to part out the base metals, leaving gold, silver, and PGMs consolidated in a bead. All of the waste produced is in the form of a dry solid "litharge cake", and it eliminates the need for such a massive amount of nitric acid for dealing with the base metals. Certainly can't fault anyone for just sticking to what they know works, though, and you are (at least from what I can tell) the most experienced and knowledgeable refiner on RUclips. Just throwing it out there for consideration in case you were feeling adventurous. :)
@@sreetips You should watch mbmmllc. I think there might be cases where a smelt might be a good addition to your bag of tricks and would make for some cool content too.
It is an interesting video. The idea of recovering precious metals is important and can be profitable. It must be said, however, that it is difficult to find so many electronic scraps to be able to extract all this wealth. In many countries it is even illegal. In others, it can be done but you have to buy them and to buy them, the seller calculates how much to ask you based on the average value of extractable precious metals. So, (almost certainly) not convenient. In all cases it is a useful and serious video because it clearly explains the danger of the necessary procedures. Interesting
Развлечения
Hey Sreetips, dont ever worry about time on your videos. I could sit here for two hours if need be, and still enjoy every minute from beginning to end.
RUclipsrs like shorter videos because they get more views per minute of footage that way.
Yes. These videos are filled with good sense, unlike some of the other stuff on RUclips... 😏
👍 agreed
I agree with you. This is just about the most interesting stuff on RUclips.
Don't worry about the length of the videos. I'm learning and taking notes :)
Keep up the great work. I am ready to try my luck with gold and silver recovery.
I could watch hour long videos of this. Its an a.s.m.r. Metal to liquid to powder to metal. I will never get tired of seeing these reactions.
I love that you write your channel name all over everything. Screw free booters
The jimmy diresta method.
This man knows how to disolve your body in a very fun way, and safely use up the remaining acids. Thanks, Sreetips! We obviously love your work, or we wouldn't watch!
See, you fuckin up & know it but now hoping some jokes will save you. You're lucky a certain 3 letter agency keeps him on a short leash in exchange to use his Michael Myers/Walter White psychotic super traumatic background in teaching asshole teens otherwise he'd be extracting your semen through your nose using a chemical reaction involving your own fart.
@@dougboyatt2927 you don't think a joke can save a life? Can I spank you with some news?
I know this video is a year old. But I found your channel about two weeks ago, and I’ve been hooked since. I never knew how much work goes into breaking down and purifying gold.. love the content.. keep up the great video’s
Welcome! And thank you
What a wonderful recap of chemistry and metal alchemy!
Okay Chief let's go . Don't worry about the length, we are loving it.
yes. more data is better.
That’s what she said
Ill just wait till episode 1136 when he pours the bar
I always skip to the end because my millennial brain is already dissolved in the nitric acid that is online streaming. But it's nice to see the result
Age 3-6ish I use to go hang out with my neighbor who was my oldest sisters age. He was a high school drop out, but had a physics degree at 17. We use to listen to classical music and he would discuss chemistry and stuff.
My grandfather was in the Navy during world war II. Then worked at Pratt & Whitney in east Hartford CT for 30 years building commercial and military jet engines. He was a supervisor.
My father was in the Navy for 12 years and worked for United Technologies for 30 years as well. He did sheet metal work, then worked at "Power Systems", then "International Fuel Cells" where he worked on fuel cells for rockets. They use to use a fuel that would ignite at 72*f.
Navy men are sharp guys typically. And I have learned a lot from @Sreetips. And it is appreciated. Thanks, man!
...don't get me wrong. I still have a lot to learn. But, have learned a lot.
Very happy to have a new video from Sreetips thanks man.
Have been watching different methods and recovery videos for about a year now in addition to reading, learning more and more.
Definitely my favorite channel! The long-form videos and explanations of processes are an amazing wealth of knowledge. Hoping to be ready to start refining soon and feel pretty confident that I can maximize my yields using the vital tips added into these. Thanks Sreetips!
Pretty cool 😎 shop estate sales and thrifts for fun and get up a batch - turn it into gold powder til you want to melt it
As long as you have the data, make the video as long as you can! I love listening to all the science, its strongly calming and im unsure why.
I’ve been tempted to skip footage and shorten it up. But I always reason; you shot it so just go ahead and include it
@@sreetips smart move. Some might find it dull or annoying but most find it important. I never mind a longer video if it is actually teaching me something.
Absolutely. Include the footage. We have a button to skip forward if we don’t find a segment needful. But there is no button to add segments that aren’t included! Never know what little bit may be meaningful to someone. Thanks for what you do Sreetips!
I find your videos fascinating! Don't fret about the length of them, I could watch for hours.
Really liking these videos. Thanks for making them they are very informative and interesting.
I can only imagine what happened that left all these colourful splashes on the walls of the boiling room. 🤔😂😂😂
Fantastic video, very professional. Thank you
Another brilliant video. I enjoy all your videos.
Man I absolutely love these videos. Thank you brother.
Don't worry about the length of your videos i was spell bound from start to finish, and subbed. cheers mike
Just wanted to let you know that I love your long videos .
Great video! You're a real pro and a pleasure to watch. Note to self: do NOT ever attempt this at home.
Happy New Year @Sreetips, I hope 2021 treats you well
This is an amazing process fascinating to watch!
Thank you for your service. God Bless You
Man this is amazing!!!! Ill be paying closer attention!! Thank you!!
Awesome video. Thanks again !
Such amazing information. Never been so fascinated in my life, I'm hooked.
Excellent - welcome aboard!
Brilliant. Thanks for the effort
Thanks for sharing your knowledge we love Ur videos thanks a lot again
Love all your videos
No worries about time on your videos enjoying every minute of it and ready for part 2
Coming tomorrow
You're 5 liter beakers which company can I get them from the one that you're using
He`s back boys! put the coffee on and time to relax again :D
Amazing
I'll be waiting for the second parts
Getting started on part 2
This guys voice and accent is the best. He could be an ASMR Kingpin
Great video, good job!
Thank you for your advice about hitting items with the torch it saved me from a mess.
I found what i thought to be a set of 2. 14kt g.f . channel 5 pens but turned out to be plastic over aluminum. If i threw that in my aqua regia the aluminum would probably have dropped out my gold. Torching will be a new mandatory step for me( every time) thank you sir.
Harold_V (one of my mentors) used to say, “the three most important things about refining are, incineration, incineration, and incineration”
Yes sir. Wish i could use incineration to recover silver from my 77lbs of used x-ray films. But my neighbors and wife would have a fit ...lol
My collection of GF and GR is growing to the point I am getting worried about the refinement!
Thanks for the update on the acid boil to remove the lead. I cut my bracelets, but not full on destroyed them to check for that....back to the cleaning table!!!
You back 🙂Nice to see u again
Hey brother,, Happy New Year,, great video.. that is going to make a nice pure bar..! All the best to you guys
Happy new year Boats!
Love it Sreetips! 😎👍✨
Love the process
I actually enjoy the longer 30-45mins videos.
Some folks like the longer videos. Others just want to see the metal.
It's Friday AND a new series from sreetips! Today is a good day
Noice. Subbed, love your work mate.
Sweet here we go!!!
"Warranted 14K" usually means solid gold on an old pocket watch case, unless accompanied with a year guarantee designation (e.g.,10,20,25 years). Always good to acid test those. Of course, since you are scrapping the metal, it makes little difference, although it will give a misleading higher percentage result when you do the math, because you have the solid gold in there.
Better higher than lower, lol.
Great video
Hi,
What does it mean when you melt gold jewellery down and it all turns black rather than molds together?
Not enough heat. Or, it’s not gold.
If high school science class did this I would of paid attention
Knowing how pupils are and how some dumdums are handling chemicals, there would probably have been serious/deadly accidents by now, so it makes sense they don't show it in schools :D
Me too.....
Hi Sreetips. For your next batch please consider to try the eco goldex surface gold stripping and recovery system. It seems so much easy to recover the gold that way for gold filled scrap. No acids, no need to burning anything, It doesn't matter what base metal you have. I'd like to hear your comments on that option and better yet to watch you demonstrate that option.
Getting pure gold, from any source, is never quick and easy.
Those videos getting better to great is so much I learn from you I can said are better than go to eny school to learn this quimetry art thank you so much
nice apparatus for adding nitric slowly. You are getting better over time!
Everything is under control and professional 👍🏽
It has been a bit chief! Love it
ok I've got my safety mask on now ready to go when you are boss
The way that nitric acid just eats the metal away from the inside of the gold is fascinating. Crazy how well that works.
Keep it going!
With the lead content, could you have heated up the material enough just to melt any lead or glues instead of heating in acid?
Steven.
so its safe to assume this scrap gf is roughly 2.5% gold by weight? so if i buy a batch form ebay I can roughly calculate what yield to expect to determine how much i should spend on the batch?
question with gold filled, so after hot nitric treatment and filtered foils do you put that old solution right in your stockpot or do you add copper or hydrochloric acid to get silver out filter silver then put it liquid in waste container or do you put it in stockpot?? I’m assuming the only thing you add to your stockpot is after you precipitate the aqua Regia and filter out the gold that old aqua regia goes in your stockpot correct?? Ty for all your help in the past!!!
No silver solutions go in my stock pot - ever. After I remove the silver, either cemented on copper or silver chloride conversion, the waste copper goes into a bucket with copper in it and sits for several days. Then I transfer the copper solution to my waste treatment bucket.
Hey Sreetips, if I had a large amount of absolute junk with gold in amongst it, could i place them 1st in a hot HCl bath, rinse with clean water, then a hot nitric acid bath, then rinse, then lift it with an aqua regis bath, filter, then drop and melt?
Would that be a moderately efficient way of obtaining gold from say, various electronic junk?
This is a really bad idea. It will create a large amount of hazardous waste starting at the first step. I would recommend you do a little research at the gold refining forum. There are plenty of posts on how to properly process this type of material.
this guy is amazing...i want him to know he has a big black following... we like his style , like his game, and learn from him..and appreciate him....
and respect him...i like to point it out ...as it helps build bridges.
Thank you!
you can also use Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide to dissolve the lead on the gold filled parts. That will also remove the Tin as well.
*very good.thank you so much*
Gold filled scrap makes for a great video!!
Have a Great Day My Friend!!!
Happy new year Shane
@@sreetips Happy New Year to you too!! I hope it's a great one!!!
546th! I can’t stop watching your videos! So many steps to refine precious metals. BUT WELL WORTH IT IN THE END! Roger in Pierre South Dakota
Having all the correct tools makes the job easier, and a heck of a lot safer..
Why tap water is Ok with sliver chloride but you use distilled water wit gold?
Best to use distilled water. But it cost ten times more than tap water and a pain to haul it in out of my car. So I use tap water when I csn
i love you voice and the gold!
Thank you
Could those crystals be lead chloride? Hoke says they’ll form when the acid cools down.
Nice ashing furnace. I had been looking into them
That things get hot fast
You could have just heated the solder lead solder has a melting point of 700-800F where as gold melts at 1943F
That would remove the bulk of it, but he'd still have to wash it they way he did.
@@graymouser1 When you have worked with solder you find there are many different ways of removing it cleanly from alot of surfaces he merely chose what another chemist had done from the book he is using but heating it for 20 mins would get most of it then it would take less acid to deal with the rest or if your thorough enough the amount can be dealt with later in the process.
My all the teachers were just like you.... Finally i became tailor now and stitching dress 😅
Good work Sir
✌️PT
I have a couple question, what do you do with the waste material such as copper or other metals that get separated? Do you also refine them?
No, I throw the copper away
Showing that gold powder reaction definitely deserves a like 👍 very cool to see
Hi sreetips; love the videos. What's the best way to clean gf, etc. if we don't have an ultrasonic cleaner? Thanks!
I’d put it in a container. Soak it in hot tap water. Then add some soap, shake it to loosen dirt. Pour out the dirty liquid and repeat. For the last treatment: rinse with hot tap water until all the soap is off. Dry with a heat gun. Then proceed with incineration and recovery in hot nitric in a fume hood.
@@sreetips thank you sir. Got it!
would it have helped shredding/milling the original material before adding the nitric acid ?
I’ve never tried it
If the nitric doesn’t dissolve the gold but does the base metals. How does the acid access the base metals?
With the gold contend reduced by inquartation, the nitric can then penetrate to the core of each piece, forming a honeycomb structure as is goes, to successfully remove all the silver and base metals. The process is so effective that the gold is very near three nines after the nitric boils. But the only way to be sure is to refine it with aqua regia.
This is like watching an episode of Breaking Bad
Small question (and maybe im just missunderstanding something here) but wouldnt it be possible and more efficient to use gold filled or gold plated stuff to inquart carat gold (because of the high base metal content in there)? You wouldnt need to add as much silver and also the amount of chemicals you would need is lower.
Or is there something i dont know about which would make that not possible for some reason?
Gold filled can be used. But it increases the chance of getting lead and tin in with the gold. For this reason I process GF separately. Gold plated is junk metal coated with copper, then plated with a few microns of gold. Definitely don’t want that near our karat gold. I refine silver so it benefits me to use clean sterling silver to inquart the gold.
Hey Sree, would the purification process be necessarily required after you deplate gold plated material?
Deplating gold plated material in a sulfuric acid stripping cell (the only way I know of to do it properly) produces a fine black powdered gold that is heavily contaminated with other metals. I wouldn’t recommend skipping the refining of the black gold powder.
I enjoy the length and details! ;)
Would it be reasonable to melt down all this stuff into shot? Just like inquarted gold? And dissolve that?
It seems like it would save significant time and effort cleaning.
In India and Pakistan this is a normal routine workday for 8 year old children recovering gold, platinum and silver from electronic equipment. Except there isn’t any fume hoods, gloves, aprons,safety glasses or eye wash basins.
The yields are too low for me
I dont even do it anymore but that was very refreshing
Hello,
I wounder if you use once cyanide or like me you find it too dangerous? In this case what do you think about some mixture chemical like ecogoldex.
No experience with ecogoldex I don’t know what it is. My friend the jeweler used to use cyanide. He said the draft blew some of the gas back I into the room he was working in. His tongue and lips immediately began to swell and tingle and he watched a fly drop dead out of mid flight before he could run out to get away from the gas. I’ve never used cyanide or mercury in any of my processes.
Where did you buy these small bottles with lid for the acid, the nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.
I bought all my glassware on ebay: www.ebay.com/itm/274445468525
Hey Sreetips. I LOVE your channel. For those of us who want to get into what you're doing, could you break down all the equipment you use, how much you go through, approximate cost and where to get it? Thanks
What was the name of the book you referenced in the video, Hopes Finding Precious metals?
Refining Precious Metal Wastes by C.M. Hoke available for free on scribd.com type “hoke” in their search block.
If it has lead and spring steel, would cuppeling it after a chemical process remove it?
I don’t know. I’ve never used cupel
No wonder I can't find any gold filled pocket watch cases anymore. Someone is extracting the gold.
Yes, another video.
With that amount of base metal, especially with all that lead and tin to deal with, this may have been a good opportunity to try your hand at cupellation.
I don’t know anything about cupellation. None of the professional refiners that I learned from use it.
@@sreetips Ancient technique, but still used today, especially for fire assays. Dan Hurd and MBMMLLC both have good videos showing the process if you just want to see what's involved. Basically, it uses lead and a selectively-absorbent melting dish to part out the base metals, leaving gold, silver, and PGMs consolidated in a bead. All of the waste produced is in the form of a dry solid "litharge cake", and it eliminates the need for such a massive amount of nitric acid for dealing with the base metals.
Certainly can't fault anyone for just sticking to what they know works, though, and you are (at least from what I can tell) the most experienced and knowledgeable refiner on RUclips. Just throwing it out there for consideration in case you were feeling adventurous. :)
BACK AT IT AGAIN!!!! 😩🙏😩🙏😩
What happened to the copper. Does the nitric acid dissolve it?
Yes
Question. Is it possible and would recovery phase be cheaper and easier doing a smelt on this low gold scrap?
Smelt is a term used to describe getting metals from ore. I’ve never done that
@@sreetips You should watch mbmmllc. I think there might be cases where a smelt might be a good addition to your bag of tricks and would make for some cool content too.
New viewer here and I love watching. I never took chemistry in school (took anatomy instead). But now I want to. Lol
I had a chemistry set as a kid and a small lab in my basement. This is an extension of that
What kind of air vent do you have to vent out the noxious fumes
It’s a fume hood that draws the dangerous vapors away from me and up through the exhaust to the outside.
It is an interesting video. The idea of recovering precious metals is important and can be profitable. It must be said, however, that it is difficult to find so many electronic scraps to be able to extract all this wealth. In many countries it is even illegal. In others, it can be done but you have to buy them and to buy them, the seller calculates how much to ask you based on the average value of extractable precious metals. So, (almost certainly) not convenient. In all cases it is a useful and serious video because it clearly explains the danger of the necessary procedures. Interesting
14:20...so what is the yellow vapor thats formed? chlorine gas?
Can you “over dissolve” during the recovery step is there a danger of using too much acid
I’ve seen boiling nitric put small amounts of gold in solution. In that sense I guess the answer would be yes.