This is one of the finest demonstrations of a spinning disc television I have seen. It is obviously made using modern components, but the basic theory is the same as the old 1920s experimental sets.
yeah, but imagine its the 1920s and being able to do sound over radio waves is still New, Amazing Technology. To people at the time, this must've looked as futuristic as a star wars hologram projector does to us.
@Scott Nilsson Shut the fuck up, we literally have better video and camera quality. iSheeps are still assuming they never overpaid for their shit when they always have been
Funny. I was born in the mid 50’s, and the first thing I remember ever seeing on TV was Popeye. Of course, by then it was all electronic with a cathode ray picture tube, and it was a good sized set. From my memory, it was probably a 20” diagonal screen. lol I was such a Popeye fan, that I begged my mom to buy spinach for me! And....she did! It was even Popeye brand spinach (do they still have this?)
Wasn´t the story that a laboratory accidently shifted a decimal point in the iron content of spinach, so it became a magical powerfood - and everyone got hyped about that?
I remember building a very primitive version for a college project 40 years ago using a 12" LP and managed to produce an 8 line image of an illuminated light bulb and that was as far as I went with it. Yours is an excellent build.😊👍👍👍👍
@@nathanburrill8000 They didn't actually say they remembered it themselves, though. There are seniors who are quite savvy with computers, and younger people who are not. It varies. You can't decide just based on their ages.
Try , Peter Spies you tube channel...... Mechanical 32 LINE COLOUR TV MONITOR " NBTV " " Also Shows Circuitry and some paper work , manuals etc ." Note that there is two you tube channels with the name " Peter Spies "
Oh the memories I have of finagling a TV antenna with a coat hanger and some aluminum foil, just to get a snowy image of channel 49... Kids today don't know how good they have it!!
Basically, the camera end had a spinning disk as well, and it 'scanned' an image and a photocell behind the disk varied with the light. The receiver as shown here, had a spinning disk with the same hole pattern, synchronized with the camera disk, and a varying light source to rebuild the image. The eye's natural latency, allowed the perception of a whole picture.
If you know how a CRT works its the same principle. Except instead of the light source moving across a screen the screen is moving across the light source.
It's crazy how even with the absurdly low resolution, your brain can kinda fill in the gaps *enough* so you can still *kinda* tell what's going on. Very impressive how well it works! (Obviously still pales in comparison to even the earliest cathode ray tube televisions though.)
That is a very nice build. I’ve seen some ‘concept’ projects which are lacking finesse. I like the style you chose, the shape of the front, the printed labels and the neat cable management to the rear. 10/10!
I'm sure I'm getting it all wrong but Philo Farnsworth supposedly got the idea for the line/scan TV transmission method when he was watching a farmer using a plough on his field.
I thought this was Great! I thought I saw Color in the beginning? This system really should have been approved until Cathode Ray System’s could do better! We would have had far more TV from 1928 until 1939 when mechanical was outrun. Thank You for sharing! And all your work!
Electronic TVs used a couple circuits called Flywheel Synch, where the scan (line & frame) was set to start according to the incoming picture pulses then kept to the correct speed by mimicking the inertia of a flywheel. It was achieved by a couple of diodes and some capacitors in a Colpitts oscillator. I see your Nipkow disk arrangement has a frame end detector, giving that "Flywheel" effect a more mechanical meaning, although I suspect you keep the drive motor in step with that and the incoming video by means of a comparator and loop lock circuit for the servo function.
Nice. You know mechanical TVs detractors aside it's limitations aren't that severe if you change up a few things. For instance switching from the encoder _wheel_ to a _barrel_ shape would simultaneously eliminate the arcing scan lines and increase rotation refresh rates given the encoders smaller diameter per image size. Taken further a tape or belt would be a lot harder to keep exactly in synch with the recording device but if done would almost eliminate the size limits on the screen and so vastly increase practical resolutions too.
The scan rate (refresh rate) is actually pretty good. But if you wanted bump up the resolution to say 480i, you would either have to make a bigger disc, make smaller holes or use a belt.
@@andyy2008 Oh, usually raster scan type displays look worse on camera. (EDIT) 12.5 would probably do more damage to your eyes since the refresh rate is so slow that your eyes have to keep adjusting to flickering images where as 60hz and above, your eyes don't bother. Then again, faster could be even worse for your eyes.
Projector version would be cool. You could start with the same design. (and then hide a camera looking at the screen and a dlp projector in the case, carefully defocused so it doesn't look too good)
Nice redesign of an ancient idea! I watched a lot of reiterations of this on YT but they are all the same. People copy the original idea without any improvement at all... Sometimes It's just digital instead of analogue. Back in the 20s rubber was a rare material and very unreliable. Still, if they have had this material handy, I think they would have made a continuous rubber band with holes in it, rotating in a horizontal plane over 2 bearings. Just like a movie film roll. The disc has inertia and eccentricity and cannot be controlled reliably all the time. A rubber band is much easier to control. And the holes will have the same speed in the horizontal direction, hence, the image will not be trapezoidal anymore. And the device would not be huge to accommodate the disc... Don't understand how nobody thought about this before. Cheers!
Hmm, It seems to be fed with composite, analogue video, so I don't think that '4 bit' necessarily applies. It's output from VLC. so there is D-A conversion going on somewhere. That MIGHT be 4-bit, I guess.
How were you able to record the 12.5 frames per second without flicker? I have built several mechanical televisions and can not get video of them operating. I am not the only one having this issue. (You can click through to my channel to see my current effort and reply there if you'd like)
Amazing how the RUclips definition, somehow UNdermines the very low definition of the mechanical TV that DEPENDS on the ability of how human eyes count on the frame rate to blur images in a way to make the notice of objects and people from this thing. Good work on that mechanical television. I'd love to make my own.
If anyone wants to see an example of the mechanical color TV using the color wheel system first proposed and advocated by CBS before RCA’s all electronic and compatible color system was approved by the US government, watch the color video transmitted by Apollo 15, 16 & 17 during the moon EVA’s. They used the color wheel system because, at that time, it was the best solution to the problem of a miniaturized, light weight color TV camera.
So mechanical TV was like a less elaborate version of a film projector. The image it showed wasn't half bad for the late 1920's. Nearly equal to the Farnsworth TV of the same time. However one can easily see the finiteness and limits on improvement that Farnsworth's didn't have
Play some fall out pretty please.... and oh my God this is so cool please go into great detail about this I want to know how this thing works and how I can make my own glitter D please I really really really think this is amazing and you know they developed a color TV version of this which I think would be super cool to make two
So that was television was like before CRT started to be the main thing television manufactures used in the 1950's up to 2009. Also that TV is quite mind blowing, considering what type of mechanics it used.
CRTs were used from the 1930s+ Mechanical TVs were in the 20s and died in the 30s. They didn’t take off all that well. CRTs were being introduced in a similar time, and CRTs clearly won with their 405 lines (then 625 later on) compared to mechanical TVs 30 lines.
John Logie Baird's mechanical evidently could only achieve a maximum resolution of 240 lines a second if televising filmed material, was noisy and motor & back light wise much less refined than this example. No LED lighting back in the 1930's. No contest with a 405 line Cathode Ray Tube fully electronic tv that was far more better all round. Excellent impressive display. What next 240 line LED 'HD' mechanical tv? Would be interesting to see what could achieved!
@belly tripper Ok, well I meant to say "a century" but we got the 20th century and the 21st century so big deal. "In two centuries"... whatever. SO glad you corrected me! Hope you didn't lose any sleep over that. I sure might have! 🤣
A dead end technology from the 20's best known for beating vacuum tube sets to color. There's no way of improving the picture quality, large network TV tried and failed miserably. It would be very interesting if someone could create a large set, but that would require a very large room to house the large spinning disk.
@@k_tess Well you might be able to make the holes smaller, have more of them and swap out the light source for a laser diode instead, 'course you'd have shield the viewer somewhat making it more like a rear projection screen. Though I may have no idea what I'm talking about (which is a distinct possibility!), I just find it fun to think about how to make this kind of stuff better.
@@k_tess Yeah, I was afraid of that. Is that because you might blind the viewer, because most/all lasers would be too focused/unidirectional, or something else?
we wouldnt see quality this glorious again until gameboy advance video
Game boy Advanced video,
I remember watching Jimmy Neutron on my Game Boy Advance back then
@@goldlighting5960 did you ever have the gbc camera? That shit looked just like this lol
The audio is okay buts what’s with all the flickering with the picture?
@@MrXminus1it's an artifact from the difference in frames per minute that the mechanical TV shows and the camera that filmed it.
Even GBA video was 160 horizontal lines. It didn't look too bad to me back then, especially for cartoons. I had a cart with KND episodes on it.
This is one of the finest demonstrations of a spinning disc television I have seen. It is obviously made using modern components, but the basic theory is the same as the old 1920s experimental sets.
For a mechanical TV I think this is impressive!
Mechanical TV got up to 200 lines in the 1930s.
yeah, the stability of the picture is pretty good
This is probably about the best a nipkow-disk TV can be.
Also it has a really good contrast.
@@DoubleMonoLR I don't think so! Me thinks the highest was 108 lines
Nah, the 1950's mechanical televisions were impressive.
“Don’t sit so close to the tv it isn’t good for you” simply does not work here
I disagree I think a giant spinning disk would be even more reason to stay away.
You'll put your eye out kid!
Well... There's significantly less radiation.
@@KonElKent light is a radiation.....
This makes the Sega CD look like BlueRay.
LMAO
yeah, but imagine its the 1920s and being able to do sound over radio waves is still New, Amazing Technology.
To people at the time, this must've looked as futuristic as a star wars hologram projector does to us.
lol
@Scott Nilsson Shut the fuck up, we literally have better video and camera quality.
iSheeps are still assuming they never overpaid for their shit when they always have been
BOOM roasted
This is the first mechanical TV video I've seen on RUclips where the TV actually works - with a bright, stable image. Nice job!
really impressive!
I would like to do something like this, really cool!
Try ,
Peter Spies you tube channel......
Mechanical 32 LINE COLOUR TV MONITOR
This is closer to how it looks in real life, the camera used to record the TV was definitely set up just right
@@ns6q333 I disagree. Mechanical displays actually look better in person
32p, we meet again.
Funny. I was born in the mid 50’s, and the first thing I remember ever seeing on TV was Popeye. Of course, by then it was all electronic with a cathode ray picture tube, and it was a good sized set. From my memory, it was probably a 20” diagonal screen. lol I was such a Popeye fan, that I begged my mom to buy spinach for me! And....she did! It was even Popeye brand spinach (do they still have this?)
ya i've seen it at price chopper at least
They have some at Walmart and most big box retailers. Good stuff. What a smart way to make kids (or adults) eat vegetables.
Did they deliver spinach that far up in the north pole?
Confirmed, santa eats spinach, likes popeye, and watches RUclips.
They do, I think it's sold by Allens brand
Wasn´t the story that a laboratory accidently shifted a decimal point in the iron content of spinach, so it became a magical powerfood - and everyone got hyped about that?
It’s amazing that the highly expressive cartoon characters remain recognizable in this quality
This is the only demonstration of a mechanical TV I've ever seen that actually worked reasonably well.
Try :
Peter Spies you tube channel......
Mechanical 32-line COLOUR TV MONITOR
I remember building a very primitive version for a college project 40 years ago using a 12" LP and managed to produce an 8 line image of an illuminated light bulb and that was as far as I went with it. Yours is an excellent build.😊👍👍👍👍
Technology Connections brought me here.
Me too!
Me three!
@@ChiragRajputS me four!
@@leemilica Me five lol.
It brought me here too, I needed to see how an actual mechanical tv worked instead of a makeshift one lmao. Great video as usual, though.
If I saw this in 1930s i would be super impressed
But crucially, this ISN'T the 1930s! 😂😂😂
Hmm I'd be too busy preventing the Holocaust to care but you do you
ZCJKF13GDG4 simp moron
ZCJKF13GDG4 how do you prevent something which never happened
@@bobcostas6272 nazi alert
John Logie Baird would be impressed.
Only 30's kids remember this...
Are you 80? If so how TF you know hot to use a computer at most when my parents strugle
@@nathanburrill8000 r/woosh
r/woosh
@@nathanburrill8000 r/whooosh
@@nathanburrill8000 They didn't actually say they remembered it themselves, though.
There are seniors who are quite savvy with computers, and younger people who are not. It varies. You can't decide just based on their ages.
Holy Crap, the quality on this is crazy good
@Allen S For a mechanically produced picture it pretty good.
@@Ron2600_ Especially diy
@Allen S You have not got even the shade of a shimmer of an idea what was achieved here.
Blimey! You must have a REALLY POOR TV? 👎😂
@Allen S ignorance is a bliss, you clearly have no idea what you are talking about.
Popeye was punching trees for wood years before Minecraft’s Steve did.
"Years" is underselling it.
@@4.0.4 decades, nearly a century at this point
Realplayer is back I see!
This video was filmed with a mechanical camera and edited on an antikythera mechanism.
Surprisingly good quality for a mechanically generated raster! Well done!
Thank you :)
Try ,
Peter Spies you tube channel......
Mechanical 32 LINE COLOUR TV MONITOR
" NBTV " " Also Shows Circuitry and some paper work , manuals etc ."
Note that there is two you tube channels with the name " Peter Spies "
I came for the television but stayed for the cartoon.
What awesome workmanship. Mechanical TV technology was just amazing for its time.
Crazy thing is, we would have settled for this resolution not that long ago.
Oh the memories I have of finagling a TV antenna with a coat hanger and some aluminum foil, just to get a snowy image of channel 49... Kids today don't know how good they have it!!
Just fascinating how this actually produces discernible images
Best demonstration of a mechanical TV, I’ve seen.....still don’t understand how it worked!
No, I have no idea
Basically, the camera end had a spinning disk as well, and it 'scanned' an image and a photocell behind the disk varied with the light. The receiver as shown here, had a spinning disk with the same hole pattern, synchronized with the camera disk, and a varying light source to rebuild the image. The eye's natural latency, allowed the perception of a whole picture.
If you know how a CRT works its the same principle. Except instead of the light source moving across a screen the screen is moving across the light source.
It's crazy how even with the absurdly low resolution, your brain can kinda fill in the gaps *enough* so you can still *kinda* tell what's going on. Very impressive how well it works! (Obviously still pales in comparison to even the earliest cathode ray tube televisions though.)
But if you've never seen Popeye cartoons before, would it be the same?
Always wondered what films look like on mechanical TV - thanks!
Sixty four bits, thirty two bit, sixteen bits, eight bits, FOUR BITS, TWO BITS, ONE BIT HALF BIT QUARTER BIT
MECHANICAL TELEVISION
That is a very nice build. I’ve seen some ‘concept’ projects which are lacking finesse. I like the style you chose, the shape of the front, the printed labels and the neat cable management to the rear. 10/10!
That’s really cool! I can’t believe how perfectly it works.
and no copyright match
@@force311999 The most impressive fact tbh
I'm sure I'm getting it all wrong but Philo Farnsworth supposedly got the idea for the line/scan TV transmission method when he was watching a farmer using a plough on his field.
I've been on a HOW ELECTRONICS WORK rabbit hole lately, and mechanical TV is just something I didn't imagine existing.
I thought this was Great! I thought I saw Color in the beginning? This system really should have been approved until Cathode Ray System’s could do better! We would have had far more TV from 1928 until 1939 when mechanical was outrun. Thank You for sharing! And all your work!
I think the BBC had this system
It didn't take long for CRTs to surpass mechanical scanning. Most countries switched to electronic in 1935 or 1936
Awesome! The first time I've seen a mechanical TV in operation.
Best picture I've seen from one of these, very impressive.
Electronic TVs used a couple circuits called Flywheel Synch, where the scan (line & frame) was set to start according to the incoming picture pulses then kept to the correct speed by mimicking the inertia of a flywheel. It was achieved by a couple of diodes and some capacitors in a Colpitts oscillator.
I see your Nipkow disk arrangement has a frame end detector, giving that "Flywheel" effect a more mechanical meaning, although I suspect you keep the drive motor in step with that and the incoming video by means of a comparator and loop lock circuit for the servo function.
Yes, it uses a PLL to keep it in sync.
This is god damn beautiful!
Not bad for 130 year old technology
And now you know why they banned cocaine in Coca Cola nearly 100 years ago.
You had to be on coke to understand whats happening on that screen
The tracking on this reminds me so much of vhs head tracking except an analog dial
Nice. You know mechanical TVs detractors aside it's limitations aren't that severe if you change up a few things. For instance switching from the encoder _wheel_ to a _barrel_ shape would simultaneously eliminate the arcing scan lines and increase rotation refresh rates given the encoders smaller diameter per image size. Taken further a tape or belt would be a lot harder to keep exactly in synch with the recording device but if done would almost eliminate the size limits on the screen and so vastly increase practical resolutions too.
The way television was MEANT to be viewed.
Wow. I think that this is the best quality ever get by a Nipkov disc. Well done.
Good work, sir! Incredibly low resolution, but the image is solid still and recognizable! 👍
Gorgeous build!
verry much thx!
well done!
best of modern replicate:)
greets and best regards from Germany!
Thank you very much !
Mechanical Television, The short lived medium, was the DVD player back in the day.
I'm honestly impressed by the quality all things considered.
@Scott Nilsson And how do you figure that?
@@Floccinaucinihilipilificator i know this is a year old but dude was being an ignorant troll.
It looks like a pretty impressively manufactured set. Mass produced, it would make a neat novelty toy.
Eh it would probably look just fine once i take off my glasses
The scan rate (refresh rate) is actually pretty good. But if you wanted bump up the resolution to say 480i, you would either have to make a bigger disc, make smaller holes or use a belt.
Refresh rate is 12.5 Hz. It's a bit worse if you see it with your own eyes, but on camera it's not that bad.
@@andyy2008 Oh, usually raster scan type displays look worse on camera.
(EDIT) 12.5 would probably do more damage to your eyes since the refresh rate is so slow that your eyes have to keep adjusting to flickering images where as 60hz and above, your eyes don't bother. Then again, faster could be even worse for your eyes.
Nice construction etc.!😎👍🏻
Came for the vintage tech, stayed for the Zapp & Roger
So fascinating how TV's were back then
CD Projekt : "It runs surprisingly good"
I have always pictured Popeye the Sailor Man on an antique tv set. Maybe not a mechanical tv set like this one. But any old tv set.
This is breathtaking! Or, should I say, Bairdtaking. Congratulations!
But can it handle Crysis?
Yes, as long as your PC can handle the game.
And Doom as well
it could, but it wouldn't be fun.
This is exceedingly impressive.
Projector version would be cool. You could start with the same design.
(and then hide a camera looking at the screen and a dlp projector in the case, carefully defocused so it doesn't look too good)
Nice redesign of an ancient idea! I watched a lot of reiterations of this on YT but they are all the same. People copy the original idea without any improvement at all... Sometimes It's just digital instead of analogue.
Back in the 20s rubber was a rare material and very unreliable. Still, if they have had this material handy, I think they would have made a continuous rubber band with holes in it, rotating in a horizontal plane over 2 bearings. Just like a movie film roll. The disc has inertia and eccentricity and cannot be controlled reliably all the time. A rubber band is much easier to control. And the holes will have the same speed in the horizontal direction, hence, the image will not be trapezoidal anymore. And the device would not be huge to accommodate the disc... Don't understand how nobody thought about this before.
Cheers!
I wonder if you could put a lens in front of it to get a very, very dim, but projector? In a perfectly dark room, that could enable social viewing.
Nice, kind of tempted to build one. Pity you didn't include any details, other than a program
4 BIT picture
Its mechanical, so it would be wrong to call it anything except 32p, which is true, but not really.
assopra dvd ik
Wot bits,we only ‘ave analog val’us
Hmm, It seems to be fed with composite, analogue video, so I don't think that '4 bit' necessarily applies. It's output from VLC. so there is D-A conversion going on somewhere. That MIGHT be 4-bit, I guess.
32 lines, that is 5bit
I am impressed ... the quality picture is so good ... looks almost unreal for mechanical TV .. like CGI ;-)
Looks like a VideoNow player 😂
But in all seriousness, the idea behind mechanical televisions was so ingenious.
Surprisingly watchable.
How were you able to record the 12.5 frames per second without flicker? I have built several mechanical televisions and can not get video of them operating. I am not the only one having this issue. (You can click through to my channel to see my current effort and reply there if you'd like)
better quality than the camera your using in 2018
Never seen something of this much quality
@Scott Nilsson 🤦
32p
Amazing how the RUclips definition, somehow UNdermines the very low definition of the mechanical TV that DEPENDS on the ability of how human eyes count on the frame rate to blur images in a way to make the notice of objects and people from this thing.
Good work on that mechanical television. I'd love to make my own.
Respect, this a quality, amazing what you build. Congratulations and thank you for showing. cu Toni
If anyone wants to see an example of the mechanical color TV using the color wheel system first proposed and advocated by CBS before RCA’s all electronic and compatible color system was approved by the US government, watch the color video transmitted by Apollo 15, 16 & 17 during the moon EVA’s. They used the color wheel system because, at that time, it was the best solution to the problem of a miniaturized, light weight color TV camera.
So mechanical TV was like a less elaborate version of a film projector. The image it showed wasn't half bad for the late 1920's. Nearly equal to the Farnsworth TV of the same time. However one can easily see the finiteness and limits on improvement that Farnsworth's didn't have
Play some fall out pretty please.... and oh my God this is so cool please go into great detail about this I want to know how this thing works and how I can make my own glitter D please I really really really think this is amazing and you know they developed a color TV version of this which I think would be super cool to make two
Is that yours??? If it is, do some more!!! Please. That device you've modified is totally bad ass. I grew up on Popeye.
Its not modified they are designed to do that
Song: “Operator” by Midnight Star
Cool, but I can definitely see why these didn't catch on.
классный получился телевизор!!!
Thanks beautiful work.
So that was television was like before CRT started to be the main thing television manufactures used in the 1950's up to 2009. Also that TV is quite mind blowing, considering what type of mechanics it used.
CRTs were used from the 1930s+
Mechanical TVs were in the 20s and died in the 30s. They didn’t take off all that well. CRTs were being introduced in a similar time, and CRTs clearly won with their 405 lines (then 625 later on) compared to mechanical TVs 30 lines.
John Logie Baird's mechanical evidently could only achieve a maximum resolution of 240 lines a second if televising filmed material, was noisy and motor & back light wise much less refined than this example. No LED lighting back in the 1930's. No contest with a 405 line Cathode Ray Tube fully electronic tv that was far more better all round.
Excellent impressive display.
What next 240 line LED 'HD' mechanical tv? Would be interesting to see what could achieved!
@@19seventy97 There were CRT televisions from the 1930's? I thought the oldest CRT television to ever be made dated back to the 1940's
Yep, here in the UK CRT based television sets were in 1935/36
Incredibly uncommon and the time, and moreso now due to many being trashed
How did you put Popeye's drawing on a vintage TV like you do?
Imagine people made 32 lines games for it
For centuries, mothers have been telling their children not to sit so close to the TV and this is where it all started.
😂
@belly tripper You don't know much about the history of TV models, do you?
@belly tripper Ok, well I meant to say "a century" but we got the 20th century and the 21st century so big deal. "In two centuries"... whatever. SO glad you corrected me! Hope you didn't lose any sleep over that. I sure might have! 🤣
Please note, I subscribed because of this video
Wooow que bien calibrada tienes esta televisión.
Oh to feel the novelty this must have been once again.
"If it has a screen, bad apple must be seen..."
This is surprisingly intelligable for a 32P scan.
A dead end technology from the 20's best known for beating vacuum tube sets to color. There's no way of improving the picture quality, large network TV tried and failed miserably. It would be very interesting if someone could create a large set, but that would require a very large room to house the large spinning disk.
Or you know, you could just magnify it with a lens.
@@sharronneedles6721 that would make the already horrendous resolution even worse.
@@k_tess Well you might be able to make the holes smaller, have more of them and swap out the light source for a laser diode instead, 'course you'd have shield the viewer somewhat making it more like a rear projection screen. Though I may have no idea what I'm talking about (which is a distinct possibility!), I just find it fun to think about how to make this kind of stuff better.
@@k_tess Yeah, I was afraid of that. Is that because you might blind the viewer, because most/all lasers would be too focused/unidirectional, or something else?
@@k_tess I see. Thanks!
It's not hard to see why they abandoned this technology, but it is still a very cool idea.
A 1930 TV would probably use a neon lamp as a light source. Orange/red and dim!
32 pixels tall! That's so impressive
Become the most popular dude on your block...invite everyone over to your place to watch the Super Bowl game on that TV.
😅
The next test of the mechanical tv project would be: the Animaniacs theme song I guess.
Like building a Wright Flyer.
Класс! А откуда сигнал? И почему так мало лайков?
Merci beaucoup bravo pour ce travail, comment récupérer le programme visionné, le format étant particulier
Now imagine replacing your lg oled with that
What video signal do you use? How can you synchronize?
How did the original mechanical television broadcast systems maintain synchronization?
There was one syncpulse per rotation of the disc
@@vyratron839 similar to the CRT FLYBACK PULSE but it isn’t interlaced.