Most Advanced eVTOL Propulsion System: Adaptive Ducted Fan
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- Опубликовано: 3 окт 2024
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80% of the current most advanced eVTOL projects are using well-known open propellers as the main propulsion system. This simple and straightforward approach allows manufacturers to quickly progress in the development of an eVTOL aircraft to make it marketable. This is a great strategy from a business perspective. In the future, however, these companies could be facing real market application issues related to payload, safety, noise, and scalability. In this video, I will analyze the main advantages of ducted fans over unducted propellers, and I will explore a new and advanced eVTOL propulsion system that offers extra thrust during hover, reduced aerodynamic drag, 40% greater efficiency, and has the ability to assist the aircraft in the transition from hover to cruise flight.
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Unfortunately, i am not able to keep creating new videos in my current situation.
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Did someone say advanced??? hmmm i dont think so.
Viktor Schauberger.
Do you plan to recharge on descent?land spot on like Musk boosters..can limit the extra batt charge for looking for alternative airport and weather limitations all in one ?
... Looks like an scam
Novel idea, seems cool but many many more moving parts which means many more places of possible failure. Not to mention additional complexity in part creation and manufacturing. still its a novel idea. Ive never been a fan (no pun intended) of open rotor designs. The Lilium Jet for me is still by far the leading design in this category of aircraft. Safety for me is the primary issue. Many many open rotor blades all moving at high speeds and a very high risk of cataclysmic failure and extreme safety risk for passengers in the event of an accident. And we should all expect an accident event with each aircraft. be it bird strike, or some other unforeseen event that would otherwise see rotor contact with a foreign object. Ducted fans vastly reduce such risk, as a serious engine failure would physically be contained within the duct.
This type of approach will depend very much on the mechanical engineering skill of the fabricators. To keep the weight down, and the number of moving parts minimized, will be a huge challenge. The noise issue is critical for electric aircraft to succeed in the cities. At present for example, helicopters are banned from the bay area; you have to land near the airport, as the noise was just too much. In Brasil, Sao Paulo, has the largest helicopter fleet on the planet, because they don't have noise restrictions. So ducting may be necessary, even though it costs weight, because noise pollution from a lot of these things buzzing around will be quite annoying.
There is another issue also. With 4 fans, should an engine fail in hover flight, there is no way to avoid crash.
A helicopter can still land should it lose power. Same goes for aircrafts.
That will likely mean 6 fans minimum are needed, and tripled up electrical systems, and make sure the aircraft still flies with 4/6 fans.
@@swisstraeng i think the electric helicopters are going to need ballistic parachutes, as i don't think triple redundancy is cost effective.
Another better to the noise problem, is just not to have them in the first place.
@@swisstraeng The adaptive ducted fan seems to be designed for winged aeroplanes that can also take off or land vertically. To avoid crash, the solution seems more about making the planes glide-friendly, not adding extra fans.
It's easily done. Lockheed Martin has Boyd B. Bushman to thank for this brilliant invention. It works like a fuggin' charm.
Its a nice idea, but those quoted efficiency gains seem unrealistically high. And battery tech is still going to have to get a lot better first.
agree
Battery capacity just doubled. Amprius is taking their battery to production. Over 500wh/kg, while Tesla's is 300-something.
@@badsamaritan8223 I'll believe its tranformative when I see it. What's the cost? How much are they able to produce? What is the expected cycle life?
Agreed. And there is still the inherent danger during the transition period
@@badsamaritan8223pie in the sky thinking.
Impressive I've been designing mechanical parts for more than 10 years now for drones, seeing this is like a dream. Good times to be alive
Increasing complexity is rarely a path to improving reliability. Would love to see these things come to market, but I'm still not convinced they are a solution to an existing problem, or a solution in search of a problem.
This is a really novel and innovative way of problem solving for the efficiency loss from un-ducted fans while greatly mitigating some of the issues when utilizing ducted fans.
That sound like a really clever solution to a really dumb problem. Private helicopters are not a big market, electrifying them won't change that, and no one uses helicopters for bulk goods transport, there's a reason container ships and trains carry hundreds to thousands of containers at a time and not just one.
I think the idea was to use them as cranes to move containers but why do that when you could use trucks
@@davidficca8963 Right. Ground based cranes and trucks are an order of magnitude more efficient without having to use air to thrust them into the sky.
@@ThatBoomerDude56 if you could eliminate most of the massive costs, noise, and maintenance of a helicopter I'd imagine it would be a lot more common in the civilian sphere
@@blakelowrey9620 Yes. It would be "more common." But still not extremely common because it helicopters are massively inefficient compared to ordinary airplanes.
And the necessarily smaller blades on a set of ducted fans makes it horribly less efficient.
@@ThatBoomerDude56 sometimes utility is more important than efficiency is what I mean. I don't think it would ever replace ground based infrastructure but for emergency vehicles and fast private transportation for the wealthy, I think it makes a lot of sense.
Basically you are just getting a little helicopter that is safer for bystander and can be operated with a less extreme maintenance cycle, nothing more. It would be restricted in range and flight time but I don't think that's a huge issue for a system limited to an urban metropolitan area.
"The team began development back in 2019"
*Black and white photos*
Awesome! and informative as usual thanks. Could you think about doing a show that would look at timeline for adoption of eVTOL you know make predictions. I really like the work that Tony Seba has done personally and at Rethink X on wind,solar,batteries and electric vehicles.he made predictions that have mostly come to be and earlier than he thought. You could start with.
Battery density for eVTOL
Battery type and chemistry
Structural batteries? Possible
Future Passenger carrying capacity possibilities
Distance of use limitations
Personal use possibilities
I guess I just would love to see an hour plus Long presentation of where we were where we are and where we are going . Hopefully not to big of an ask .
Nah, another much simpler solution is to just make the ducted fans slightly larger to achieve the same efficiency and airflow goals, the increase in weight due to the increase in size would be less negligible than the weight introduced by all those mechanical parts, the overall size increase won't change the aircraft profile and footprint at all as well, and adding a few more blades to the ducted fan would also go a long way to reducing noise and helping with lift.
Wow! That is NOT a small improvement.
It's probably a *very small* improvement -- if any improvement at all.
This is one i am weighting for very long time. Its amazing analysis. Keep it up
Idk how much sense the Cargo Container/ Freight version of the E-VTOL craft would make but, I think it could be very easily adapted to make a really sophisticated type of Emergency Aircraft that can hold swappable pods, like it would containers. Able to hold various mission specific payloads, such as a medical pod that can not only serve as an Emergency medical transport helicopter capable of handling both transport and triage of multiple people simultaneously but, also as a full sized ER room that can drop off fully equipped medical facility pods to remote areas or a battlefield. Possibly even a firefighting VTOL that can hold more water than a helicopter equipped with a Bambi bucket and potentially operate remotely or autonomously.
Xagon Solutions should collaborate with Thingap, Inc. The result would be Awesome!
Wow this at least seems like a decent step forward in tech for this field
Doubtful.
I liked the “take” having experimented with models, liked all the considerations taken into account.
I LOL'd at the end where they had a "Heavy" lift vtol and were going to "disrupt" the cargo offloading sector!
same🤣
Thank you. It Learned a lot!
Ive looked into this over the years, the idea of the ducted fan particularly for private use wont work out untill the military adopt the R+D costs, you run higher more efficient RPM in the ducted but you lack the lift potential since you require a pretty large ducted fan, this is mostly noticed when you want to lift weight and of course deal with wind, gyros have come a long way and polymers have also, which makes these machines very much more possible, but its just not taking off as a venture until the powerplant requirement and versatility for one of these exists. The operating costs even of a basic helicopter would dwarf this concept, even if it is better in some ways.
I have liked vtol for a long time and now improved again . Amazing 👏 thanks for sharing.
Awesome! Now if I can just find a way to put the adaptive structure on the rim of a motorcycle wheel we might have a breakthrough commuter vehicle!
Very very interesting! Thanks...I think you /they are really on to something here.... This is totally the way of the future.... Now.... if this was just combined with a WIG/WISE craft..... 🙂
Being a ducted fan designer I can say that their claims don't add up.
Why don't they incorporate micro gas turbines to assist in VTOL? Even if just a couple of them.
Performance was shared at 400kw? What is performance at 50kw? Example, 4 50kw units for a quad... is this efficiency only seen at high power as the curves looked to narrow to the left.
A small twin electric ducted fan jetpack with this system would be an interesting toy
Well done.
Getting the weight down at an affordable price will be a real trick. Lot's of unique carbon composite components with high-precision tolerances will be EXPENSIVE.
Kudo's to the narrator's ability to say "Adaptive Ducted Fan Propulsion System" often and with clarity!
Wicked stuff. Reminds me of the Ciphers on Metal Gear Solid. Also, do not take a shot everytime "adaptive ducted fan" is mentioned, or you won't be going to the ER to have your stomach pumped, you'll be going straight to the morgue. Bloody hell 😅😆😛
Why they don't make it hybrid? Eletric take off and landing. Gas powered cruize mode. It could fly for much longer time than using bateries.
EVTOL vehicles are the future
Ikr ✨
nope
Aka helicopter
If battery technology improves, yes
Not unless you are a billionaire.
A full comparison between ducted fans and propellers has not been presented. The effect of propellers having lower mass means that they can be made of greater disk diameter with lower induced speed of the air at the blade (as in a helicopter rotor) and the result is less noise and greater lift or thrust.
But these two answers are not the only possibilities, and it is my claim that the energy being wasted in the flow of the air behind or below both arrangements can be reduced using a centrifugal fan that works below a canopy (like on a parachute). The radial flow from this kind of fan is then blown onto the curved surface of the canopy and is directed downwards, being curved below it. This spreading and curvature of the radial flow, helps the kinetic energy to be converted into pressure energy and lifting force on the canopy itself. There will also be some suction above the inlet to the fan which will also add to the effects that the canopy provides.
It is also advantageous against engine failure where the sinking speed is reduced as on a parachute, and unlike anything like as much as on an auto-rotating helicopter or drone.
Excellent stuff bro
You basically just said that they're more efficient but they require more power which means that are less efficient!
It's a very commonly used startup enterprise technique known as "advertising hype." 😲
why not just feed all the physics we know about lift and what not into a AI and have it design the most efficient mtor it can.
Watching eagles flying they use a ducted fun shape when they flying.exactly like a Hart shape so yes ducted fan is efficient .there is a few things must solve but yes win blow faster throght
Those battery powered cargo container drones look kind of ridiculous. Wouldn't running them with traditional engines be a lot more feasible?
How well does a ducted fan work while landing and taking off in gusty conditions?
What about using toroidal propellers? Early research data from MIT suggests these might be even quieter and more efficient than ducted fan technologies. Marine toroidal props are already being sold. I believe this is the future, even better than ducted.
Interesting
So with the width where are people keeping these veli's when they are on the ground. On the street or on your front drive?
Instead of expanding the front, why not retract the exhaust? Or both - to reduce the movement requirements - could be easier to manage ? Think stargate Iris, rotate to make smaller or larger openings 😎
Xagon Solutions👍
It's appears the new Electric Induction Fan Jet Propulsion has advanced significantly to overtake the Prop Engine but not completely replace the Prop Propulsion. I like the performance specs comparison. The real tests for this type of engine propulsion would be Operation in extreme conditions where moisture, humidity, or extreme heat and extreme cold could significantly impact Flight Performance, Range, and lift capacity.
6:50 the private drones in the city have more or less realistic vision but transporting a container maybe only empty because fully loaded is weighing more than 20 tons plus batteries for drones so it's just inefficient and traditional forklifts also can be electric and they're just safer to use so it's just a bat idea to use drones for containers.
Will this work for small drones?
imagine multiple evtol flying in to your city as Police Patrol constantly observing the streets.
Never made sense to me, how is the ducted fan more efficient and simultaneously needs more power to hover ... am I wrong to think that a higher efficiency system would need less energy for a given amount of thrust ?
Create John Searl effect generator for vehicles so we don’t ever have to charge again.
Ducted Searl effect fan generators.
It works only in underload conditions 'cause in full load condition you will end up with balance T=
Lilium jets propulsion is far more efficient
Whats next carbon-sleeved motor like the tesla plaid curious if they could have a huge play in ev flight probably not but maybe in the future but that could be very tricky thing to design and make the machines to make it
So why exactly would one want to retract the ducted fan if it works better expanded ?
I’d luv to see this come to mkt for the public - my father worked for Grumman Aerospace - Grumman was always looking to advance both air/space travel - I’d buy 1 so sign me up - 2 people plus luggage
Adaptiveductedfan
Thanks
"The deployment of the Adaptive Ducted Fan takes less then 3 seconds"... Immediately followed by an example taking 7 seconds.
That’s the first, proof of concept, version.
Forget the stators, as it is better to use a counter rotating independently driven lower set of propellers as to redundancy of having power and it is better to have a simpler airflow limiting / compressing design by having a bigger center that goes in and out than to increase the ring with a complex clunky multi faceted expanding cone.. it is the high speed that one wants to decrease the air flow into the fan as this is where power requirements start getting exceedingly high as speed increases.. and at the higher altitudes increasing the pressure inside the duct keeps the fan more optimized.. I've done the math years ago and solidity is what you want with fans as you can get realistically a 12% increase in efficiency, everything else takes more power as one is accelerating a mass of air to higher velocities... so the start of any exercise in this is the force that you engine(s) or motor(s) can deliver.. there is no 'free lunch'.
What was the name of that fan again?
I don't really understand the disadvantage of the consumption of more power for hover in ducted fans. If I am not wrong, ducted fans needs less power to hover than open rotors, since the losses produced by tip vortex are avoided
In general the disk load is greater in Ducted fans. Ducting a large propeller is difficult
Any heavier than air flying machine that does not offer a glide or autorotation on loss of power is a flying coffin…
The new Gen4 eVTOL racers have a bi-engine ducted fan arrangement (and a 1MW hydrogen powered generator). Their ducts are optimised for speed though, not adaptive.
The design is very human..very easy to use
Instead of a propellor, I would love to see the development of an impellor motor, based on creating a vacuum where the air can flow into, with the mayor benefit of creating a (natural) vortex instead of turbulence.
"I would love to see the development of a impeller motor, based on creating a vacuum "
Well then roll up your sleeves and get to work.
@@Dude_Slick my comment was removed...
@@MasterIvo what comment?
I learned a lot and gained inspiration from the video
Wish the throat could be inflatable, so when deployed it pops out and directs air.
When deflated it stows away automatically under spring/tendon pressure.
Less parts, less problems.
HAPPY HAPPY FOR FUTURE ...TRANSPORTATION !!!! 🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🚁🛩✈️🚀
700kw motor ?! this is like 940 horse power
MASHAALLAH khub valo video......
But the added cost and complexity won't pay off unless your hovering lots
Using a reformed methanol fuel cell/battery, ducted fan aircraft could have access to substantially more power and range.
Well described concept. Wish there are some scientific numbers to support
I hear ya. I can make CG models and animations too. lets see the numbers. build a prototype vehicle and fly it.
Now add thurst vectoring... 😉
It surely makes sense for more classical, hover-dependent vehicles like the typical 'drone' without any wing-surfaces. However when it comes to winged aircraft, I am not convinced that these efficiency gains in hover will outweigh the high loading that comes with them. This means longer transition times and therefore more time in hover.
TeTra’s eVTOL ftw...BlackFly eVTOL close 2nd
Cool idea, not sure if the increase in complexity is worth it.
Probably not.
The "40% efficiency gain" or a 1.4x gain in thrust/watt is deceptive because you're comparing to a similarly sized propeller. But the fact that you're forced to use a much smaller propeller will lose 4x to 10x of your thrust. The fact that you can get 1.4x back with the duct is meaningless. Even the additional 20% gain means little to the fact that you stil l have too much disk loading.
Ducted fans are well understood for many decades. Everyone knows there's an efficiency gain with ducts but it comes at the cost of a weight penalty plus additional skin drag at higher speeds. The electric startups act like they discovered something new when all this has been known for over 80 years.
Zero redundancy in the motors will never be accepted, unfortunately evtol designs are limited in safety because they dont glide like helicopters or planes do when crashing, evtols just drop put of the sky when a motor fails (effectively) 😅
This can be solved by incorporating another 4 motors, but these extra 4 motors cut down on flight time, which limits use... and this is the wall the industry is up against 😅
Ducted eVTOL transportation for civilian movement is cool. The application for transportation and movement of shipping containers is flat out stupid however. Shipping freight cranes are large and seemingly more expensive, however they are safer to operate and maintain. I believe that transportation of shipping containers should be relegated to trains however, utilizing train tracks to run directly into freight yards and unloading into warehouses that are built along the rail system. From the warehouse, companies can utilize either shipping vans, or upgrade to drone shipment for more efficiency. housing areas should be built around such infrastructure to minimize the possibility of a drone going beyond its signal range and losing battery power. Building amenities around warehouses can also make the movement of goods more efficient and reduce fuel/power consumption. Instead of tall skyscrapers with offices in a city center, building down can unearth history and maximize work space while clearing airspace for movement. So imagine a city built underground, warehouses on top, a shopping mall built around it, housing built around that, air shipping within close proximity for fast and efficient delivery, and underground networks connecting all infrastructure like a web, preventing nature from being destroyed by the construction and expansion of more roads and railways. BAM! civic development and planning is easy!
I assumed that image referred to an air-crane, not a shipping container transport as such. That would be short range, and could open up a lot of flexibility for loading and unloading containers, especially from small islands. A big ship might not even have to stop or slow down while picking up or dropping off a shipping container or two from a 'micro port' that is little more than a car park. Even in a large port it would allow a ship to unload a few containers and then leave, rather than waiting for a berth to become available, and getting into and out of that berth.
See the Lillium prototype. Looks good.
Trough out aviation history, a lot of companies have experimented with ducted fans in all kind of implementations and they always ended up with the same result. It is good until there is a flow across the plain of the fan. The system looses nearly all thrust in case of the slightest P-factor. This automated segmentation will cause a lot of headache to the developer team, if they manage at all. It is an unsafe and unnecessary overcomplication in my eyes.
We’ll find out
Good point about the effect of horizontal velocity. That's what limited the potential of the one-man ducted fan platform the US Army made. Lost thrust at modest horizontal speeds. On the other hand, I think this concept goes hand in hand with tilting rotors, so they are never meant to have in-plane air velocity.
@@nibblernibbles3205 That's true. As you said "never meant to". What about wind shears, or turbulent weather conditions?
Mad scientists at work here! 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟
Ducted propellers have a big disadvantage: weight. To be effective, the duct-propeller tip distance needs to be very small, so the duct needs to be very stiff - this leads to a lot of extra weight. In most conditions a larger propeller is a better alternative than using a ducted propeller for increasing lift. Adding mechanical stuff to vary the duct intake geometry increases weight even more, probably more than the extra lift produced.
if one of my toys had that id rip it off.
Yup. And anyone want to try counting the additional moving components associated with this design, per motor, as compared to open prop models? Moving components = likely point of failure. And each one of those components jamming would impact stability during any flight mode. Autopilot can certainly correct for this during most circumstances, yet evtol's already have a LOT of things to manage to safely fly. This might be a bit risky for an already risky new transportation mode and industry.
And yet, I'm rooting for them and all others in this field.
I believe Joby have hit the mark with a fairly high disk loading and relatively small diameter propellers regardless.
As their videos show, the craft is also sufficiently quiet.
There should be less talking and more building 😉
@@daszieher i believe joby is a scam. find the longest video of it flying without edits. they would have documented its 150 mile flight and it wasn't even manned. it can't stay up very long with a person.
@@frankyflowers I don't believe anything, I just evaluate what I can see.
We know that it is silent and it is capable of hovering and transitioning to forward flight. Already quite impressive.
We'll see about the performance stats, when we get to see them.
Magneto-aerodynamic lift drives & jet drives are about to make all this Old School engineering mindset "extinct". The first drives are being fabricated. They're 20% the weight of a conventional motor/engine of equal power. ONE moving part. Single piece fabrication. NO blade tips. NO stators. NO contact/friction points. NO lubricants. NO thermal hot spots. 40K-60K rpms. 100% electric powered. NO Maintenance. Simple, easy, fast, & cheap fabrication. W/in the next 2 years, you'll publicly hear about the 3 flagship classes of this tech. Beginning w/ the Cavalry-class eVTOL aerial reconnaissance/search & rescue vehicle. 34' long. Max TOW = 30,000 lb. Max speed = 400 mph. Range = 3,600 miles.
I also Design a vtol craft with this like technology
ahahahahahhahahahahaahhaaaaaaaa
Why is Noise Cancellation Theory not put to more use....where noise is cancelled out by harmonics.
Why do ducts on fpv drones reduce efficiency?
Most FPV drones are more akin to a multirotor helicopter. The duct not only adds weight, but drag. It also blocks a large percentage of the airflow coming towards the prop when flying at an angle, as such drones often do. Think of an EDF Jet. The airflow is almost always coming straight into the inlet. In a drone, that is rarely, if ever the case. So it just doesn't make sense.
@@itsthorondil7608 yeah i noticed that, so it thought on big VTOLs it would also introduce drag
A well designed propeller is approximately 85% efficient. A propeller can be a much larger diameter than a ducted fan giving a higher Froude efficiency. So the efficiency improvements you quoted are totally unachievable. They aren’t even make-believe, they are mathematically impossible. There is no way that even a variable geometry ducted fan will be more efficient than a propeller as a vertical lift device. I can see that a fan could be a little quieter and allow the vehicle to have a higher maximum speed.
They're also adding a bunch of weight with all that mechanism.
Well, they did state that the normal propeller is better at lift.
And for this reason a helicopter will always be more efficient at generating lift. But there's several reasons why no one is proposing a helicopter eVTOL.
Surely the next 'up-grade' should be 'Toroidal' propellers/fans' for an even larger increase in thrust & efficiency ?? >>
With all the drunk drivers and especially so many drivers under influence of narcotics on our roads I pray that individual flying cars be put on hold for a while.
However there are some really simple machines that can change the world we are living in. For an instance, could someone please invent a Hydrogen powerd water heater? Me and my 8 billion fellow Earthians would really use one of those, especially now when the price of natural gas is constantly going up and last time I checked we lived on a planet and universe where this element is most abundant. It would be nice if it comes paired wit a solar panels that produce and store Hydrogen. Next winter could be really cold and now that we have Hydrogen producing solar panels and cars, this might solve two problems at once. Cheap energy storage, and the global worming. As a bonus, it might bring to an end few wars and save quite a few innocent lives.
What is the price please?
RotoDyne did it better. . .without computers, 70 years ago.
500kw per ton
its just 20Mw for a container
its like using two dragster instead of a tractor
rule of cool
Yea, we have enough EV's bursting into flames on the ground, we don't f-ing need them falling from the sky as well.
Airspeeder flying car & Jaguar Gen 3 . A new era, electric cars, flying cars, technologies that we should not stop at, let it always burn, only the green light ...
Good Job to the company
Ain't cargo ships better than hovers ? You will consume alot of energy to stay afloat above water 🌊
What's so next generation about this? Variable inlet/outlet ducting has been around for many decades
Just amazes me how much time and money is being wasted on this nonsense. Truly incredible.