DNA Replication In Eukaryotes | Initiation

In this video we have discussed the initiation phase of DNA replication in eukaryotes .
DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary to the original template strand. To synthesize DNA, the double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ahead of polymerases, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates.
In G1 phase of the cell cycle, many of the DNA replication regulatory processes are initiated. In eukaryotes, the vast majority of DNA synthesis occurs during S phase of the cell cycle, and the entire genome must be unwound and duplicated to form two daughter copies. During G2, any damaged DNA or replication errors are corrected. Finally, one copy of the genomes is segregated to each daughter cell at mitosis or M phase. These daughter copies each contain one strand from the parental duplex DNA and one nascent antiparallel strand.
The proteins involved in this process are ORC , cdc6 , cdc45, cdt1, RPA , DNA polymerases, DNA polymerase alpha , dna polymerase delta , primase , ligase.
Association of the origin recognition complex (ORC) with a replication origin is required to recruit both cell division cycle 6 protein (Cdc6) and chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 protein (Cdt1), which initiate the assembly of the pre-RC. Both Cdc6 and Cdt1 proteins associate with the already bound ORC independently from each other. The ORC, Cdc6, and Cdt1 together are required for the stable association of the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm 2-7) complex proteins with replicative origins during G1 phase of the cell cycle.

[@Megha-ij8eo]

I have searched many videos for eukaryotic DNA replication related to Lehninger biochemistry book...finally I got ur videos...Thank you so much sir🙏

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Megha for appreciation....Glad it helps ✌️

[@MirHassanmycology]

​@@hussainbiologyplz provide ur email. Blessing dear Hussain

[@isharanimohana1579]

Usually whenever i search for videos on replication its either too long as in 10 to 20 minutes or there will be no schematic visual for me to get the rough idea.. but then i come across yr page and honestly I'm grateful for that because it was comprehensive at the same time it's easy to digest primarily because of the diagram that are easy to comprehend. Thank you so so much for yr dedication. i am a molecular biology student and having to read thick textbooks with so much information can be overwhelming and taxing sometimes. I make sure to look through yr videos even after i read textbooks just to get a clear picture of what that certain topic is about. Honestly people like you are the students' saviour. Thank you again.

[@hussainbiology]

That is epic... I am really glad to know that and it gives me immense pleasure when i get this kind of compliment....❤️❤️

[@Yaarghhhh]

You are wonderful. All this hard work, animation and editing does not go unnoticed. Thank you!!!

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation....Glad to know that it helps

[@takemein]

You can also check here.
ruclips.net/video/JzRUEMEyPNo/видео.html/DNA_replication

[@umarhasnain7369]

@@hussainbiology My book(Principles of Biochemistry - Fifth edition) says that Dna polymerase delta synthesizes only lagging strand.

[@hussainbiology]

@@umarhasnain7369 the then was correct... But information in Video is updated now....

[@marcusduffy5269]

I don't comment on videos much, but do appreciate you putting these videos together. Very information and beneficial study materials!

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Marcus for appreciation .... Really glad to know that

[@saxena.apoorv]

In 1 word, it's Excellent. You are a life saver. But to completely understand it, we have to watch it atleast twice.

[@hussainbiology]

Yes surely....And that is not a big deal watching it twice.... ( only takes ur few mins )

[@saxena.apoorv]

@@hussainbiology Yeah it's not at all a problem.😁

[@nishatfatima2091]

Thank you for . There is no one who give daigramatic explanation on replication . You are a hard worker who teaches us smartly. After your lecture there is no doubt about replication..............mm.🙏

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Nishat for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps.
Your words really make me feel like my work is fruitful .✌️✌️✌️✌️

[@Shine_On-t1s]

I'm watching your videos for revision purpose & making short notes , thanks a lot Hussain; stay blessed.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Shyama for appreciation... Glad u like my work

[@anjalidevadasbiohub]

thank you sir...i join for csir coaching but molecular biology feels very much complecated.quickly i remembered you.thank god you did all videos regarding replication.can you continue lectures on csir net.you are explaining well.while seeing your video,i dream for getting jrf.that much confidence i got from you.good teacher....love you hussain biology💞

[@hussainbiology]

@@anjalidevadasbiohub thanks Anjali for appreciation..... glad to know that..... and yes u will get JRF easily with this kind of determination

[@anjalidevadasbiohub]

@@hussainbiology 🥰🥰

[@anjalidevadasbiohub]

what are you doing?did you became scientist?

[@hussainbiology]

@@anjalidevadasbiohub no i am not scientist....

[@Aaron6224]

i have my exam in a week. Thank you for this

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps ✌️

[@MirSam_1]

Thank you sir for making such a lecture...easy to understand and with more clarity 🌺🌺
Highly appreciated

[@annabelpeter8163]

You are genuinely God sent....Thank you very much

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Annabel for appreciation.. Really glad to know that ✌️

[@saanvithakur7390]

I going to give a presentation on this topic day after tomorrow. It's Help me alot. Thank you very much. I was very confused before.

[@kapilcharanswain5236]

Sir your brilliant I'm glad to find you on this plat form...

[@hussainbiology]

thanks

[@baka6884]

at 3:26 DNA pol delta for leading strand and DNA pol epsilon for lagging strand. great video👍

[@sakshikumari9626]

Thanku...so much sir .Your videos are very very effective...there are lots of video which consume lots of time but your videos are just osm. Nd they consume less time than all other videos ...🙏

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation....Glad it helps

[@ManpreetSingh-ds4nn]

Really helpful for M. Sc level

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Manpreet for appreciation...

[@kashmirapradhan6542]

Sir, you have provided a wonderful video.
But a slight opinion... I have studied that Pol delta is required only for lagging strand synthesis and
Pol epsilon is the one which synthesizes leading strand.

[@hussainbiology]

there is a latest research article on Research gate and Ncbi Sites where from i have taken the data

[@rakshithm1257]

Mr Hussain, you're a rockstar man !

[@hussainbiology]

thanks buddy for appreciation

[@swathipriya.s8859]

Thanks for all tha info covering in short duration .🤩🤩and it's understandable tooo

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps....✌️

[@arghyasaha3664]

Very helpful for quick revision....thank you so much sir🙏

[@caterine4604]

Hi hussainn !! I hope you are doing well ! Thank you for your videos ! Keep it up and take care !

[@hussainbiology]

Hi Emila , Yeah i am doing well , How are you ?
and thanks for appreciation....

[@seemrankar]

This helped a lot . Thank you very much :)

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps ✌️

[@somnathdhar1217]

You explain very shotly ot os very good for understand.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps....✌️

[@tommyboutin667]

very good video for university-level students! thank you!!!

[@rey7011]

A csir question came on it 😅: In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is restricted to the S phase of the cell cycle because

[@manashicb1381]

Sir, thnq so much for ur such a lucid way of explanation regarding eukaryotic dna replication. It clears my concept regarding this v.transparently. BUT, i think at 3.28 of this video it needs a slight correction-
DNA Pol. Delta works for lagging strand synthesis only.
Leading strand is synthesized by DNA Pol.€ not by DNA polymerase delta.

[@hussainbiology]

What you are saying was the concept upto 2015 :
Most of the books have mentioned what you are saying but 2015 recent study has shown what i have mentioned: the Delta Polymerase works on both the strands. For reference i have mentioned the article from NCBI :
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4517859/

[@manashicb1381]

Okay sir, ur point is accepted but i have reffered my point of view acconding to Lodish. Thnq once again sir......looking forward for more videos.

[@hussainbiology]

@@manashicb1381 See Manashi , these books are one of the greatest books and they update them after 3-4 years in upcoming editions.
As of now , i think you might be having 5 or 6th edition of Lodish , however there is 8th edition which was updated in 2014-2015 and published in 2016

[@hussainbiology]

Almost every big book states what u have said, like Alberts ,Lodish and Karp.
But this is the recent research which i have put in the video.Now it depends upon what exam u are going for.

[@paulamidasgupta4016]

Thank you sooo much sir.... You're my saviour... 😊

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..glad it helps

[@rmvlogs1402]

You made it so easy Sir 🤧🤞

[@hussainbiology]

Glad to hear that

[@juanalbertohernanadez7913]

WOW! Great video, it will me too much useful for my exam . Thanks!

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Juan for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps....

[@risharajkhowa5060]

Awesome explanation Sir

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps

[@poojatiwari8891]

Thanks for animated video , it's quite easier now to understand.....

[@pallavi12mj]

Wow! This was so good thank you so much 😇

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Pallavi for appreciation....✌️✌️✌️

[@akshathabanadka9808]

Dear sir, wonderful explanation. However could you please suggest the reference material/ book. It would be really helpful . Thank you in advance

[@hussainbiology]

Alberts Cell Biology

[@ananya.ram16]

Great video. Very helpful! :)

[@khushboobhati824]

amazing explanation sir👍keep it up

[@geetaharde7033]

ORC protein is Origin recognition complex

[@Xplorewith_ann]

At the end where u made the diagram when u added primers the labeling of leading and loading strands were wrong leading 3' -> 5' ans lagging 5' -> 3' were okazaki fragments are formed

[@lizzie6578]

It's very informative but having a hard time to remember. If any suggestions feel free to write ✍

[@mansapd]

Very assimilated explanation.
Well done.
Pl upload more

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation

[@bhatsuriya172]

good dear...keep it up..
vry nice revision frm ur vedio...
thnku..

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Suriya.....😊😊

[@anwarkamal8540]

amazing lecture you given to us stay blessed sir

[@AdarshMishra-qd4yn]

Please suggest a good book for this topic
You are describing in detail

[@ajmerjaiswal3941]

When you will upload elongation and termination part.

[@hussainbiology]

Elongation part will be on upcoming Monday....
If termination part doesn't get too long it will also be embedded in that too.

[@ajmerjaiswal3941]

Okay Sir thank u . Really appreciate

[@siddiqabanoo506]

Really helpful 👍 Thank you sir

[@havzaimtiaz3049]

Pls make video on the concept of linking no. , twist, and writhe

[@مرامسمير-ه3غ]

مجهود يحترم 👏

[@amituntun]

Hello sir, could you please upload a video on D loop replication,it will be really helpful.......😊

[@hussainbiology]

Hello, i will consider making that video very soon😊

[@amituntun]

Thank you.....🤗

[@hussainbiology]

​@@amituntun You are welcome... Thank me after making that video

[@SanaKhan-qf7cp]

Nice video! Very helpful

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Sana for appreciation,... Glad to know that it helps..

[@sharafat8343]

Sana call. Me

[@grantbarnes3678]

Most hardcore vid on this

[@sabasehar7049]

Nice sir plz told the book author name from which you study .

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation...
Alberts Molecular Biology of cell and
Lodish Molecular Biology
plus some references form NCBI website

[@sabasehar7049]

Thanx sir for telling books author and keep it up , nice work .

[@hussainbiology]

@@sabasehar7049 You are welcome..... Keep sharing and supporting..

[@habibaansari8962]

Sir you are wonderful ... just want to ask that the origin of replication can be start from anywhere of a particular segment of DNA it's it???

[@hussainbiology]

a particular Sequence.✌️✌️

[@habibaansari8962]

Thanks alot sir 😀

[@hussainbiology]

@@habibaansari8962 You are welcome ✌️

[@wakaryounis7487]

Thanku sir please upload elongation and termination ASAP

[@hussainbiology]

Elongation part coming on Monday...

[@tayyabsulehri439]

Eukaryotes replication ki termination b bta dain

[@mustapha7922]

Awesome Job !

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps ✌️

[@criticalcareunitmrbangurho4023]

excellent...elaborate..loved it

[@AyusmatiNayak-o5y]

Thank you so much sirrr❤

[@fulltimegaming2304]

It's nice explanation

[@jeliyaashish]

sir i am heard about dna pol epsilon but there is no mention in this video?

[@paromitapoddar2161]

Thank you so much....

[@hussainbiology]

You're most welcome

[@SM-nc4nw]

Kindly suggest me recommended books for this video

[@hussainbiology]

Alberts Cell Biology and Lodish Cell Biology

[@mangaldeepkaibartya6830]

You told pol delta synthesize both leading and lagging strand but in book it says that pol epsilon synthesize the leading strand.which is right??

[@hussainbiology]

Plz refer to recent studies and research on Research gate and NCBI .

[@iztibamallikdeeba6914]

Thanks a lot

[@takemein]

You can also check here.
ruclips.net/video/JzRUEMEyPNo/видео.html/DNA_replication

[@GordonChao0508]

Does CDK phosphorylate ORC in S phase also? Preventing ORC binds to newly replicate DNA?

[@tootoophoto]

whoooooos, sooo good!!!!!! thank you!

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Kate for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps

[@dipanshisharma95]

sir u are amazing

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation

[@khushichaturvedi4566]

You should keep ur pace a little normal you move very fast sometimes it's quite problematic to understand the diagrams it's quite logical topic so it requires some time to understand so please maintain friendly pace

[@poetxaastha]

Just awesome 🌺

[@supriyapathak6645]

Superbbb.....

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Supriya for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps......

[@kavirajr9057]

before disliking the video you have to give the clear clarification why you disliked it and comment below why you hate this video ?????

[@exploringlife5653]

Where is elongation part ??

[@pritisingh3377]

Most significant video just wooooooow

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps ✌️

[@kuneshj1285]

Really helpful

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation

[@anirbanpaul3732]

Hello..Regarding the initiation machinery here, isn't Noc3 protein a part of origin recognition scaffold ?

[@nikitagone9038]

Very great... Thanks

[@diptirajput7881]

My all tm fvrt vdos......

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation...

[@gezahegnshirmeka4404]

Is DNA winding clockwise or anticlockwise on its own axix?

[@WhirlwindHeatAndFlash]

reminder to self: skip to 4:10

[@angry_moose94]

DNA primase is a subunit of DNA POL a right?

[@sukadevdas9310]

Hussain sir, please creates video clips of D loop, rolling circle and single stranded dna replication. 🙏🏻

[@vinodlearninghub123]

Please visit my u tube this video coming will be soon

[@manohara1798]

Sir I am having exam on Friday can u uploaded tomorrow plzzz!!!

[@hussainbiology]

The Video cycle can't be altered, apologies....
The video for upcoming Monday is still in process.

[@manohara1798]

@@hussainbiology TQ sir for replying u have initiated the topic more than enough i will manage myself rest...plzzz no regrets

[@juanalbertohernanadez7913]

6

[@andykim9536]

What kind of ATP activity allow orc to bind to ORI and other proteins? is it just ATP hydrolysis?

[@tarahsify]

I like you better than shomu... He's great too!!

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Sharat for appreciation....It really means a lot for me✌️

[@farhanbio1]

please add ppt on website

[@tayyabsulehri439]

Sir plz update termination of dna replication in eukaryotes

[@hussainbiology]

Elongation coming up tomorrow.....
Then Termination coming on next Monday

[@mikaelaprim4273]

please slow down when talking

[@swaroopmakwana5049]

Polymerase delta do not synthesis both strand delta synthesis only lagging strand

[@hussainbiology]

Plz refer to recent studies and research on Research gate and NCBI .

[@swaroopmakwana5049]

@@hussainbiology sorry Hussain you are right but in same research they said ....polymerase epsilon is also synthesized leading strand .

[@hussainbiology]

most of the papers say what i say... That is why i stated the same...
🥰

[@swaroopmakwana5049]

@@hussainbiology and you are right sir 💗🎁

[@hussainbiology]

@@swaroopmakwana5049 thanks

[@knowledge.seekers]

Brother waiting for elongation and termination ... Update is asap

[@hussainbiology]

Surely....The Elongation part is coming on Monday.

[@smaritisharma3930]

Sir, how many unit of MCM (2-7) is used in this.

[@sehunexo1060]

Aint lagging is by delta and leading by epsilon??

[@hussainbiology]

that is old Concept ... Plz refer to NCBI

[@sehunexo1060]

@@hussainbiology ahh great then. I read this on James Watson 7th edition tho

[@iffatzakira]

Suggest me any reference book for Eukaryotic Replication? Except Lehninger

[@hussainbiology]

In depth or just overview ?

[@iffatzakira]

@@hussainbiology in depth.. For Msc

[@hussainbiology]

@@iffatzakira Alberts Cell Biology...

[@iffatzakira]

@@hussainbiology okay..Thank You so much ..and Your videos really very easy to understand and helps me a lot .. Keep it up with this amazing work

[@hussainbiology]

@@iffatzakira Thanks Iffat for appreciation.....Glad it helps✌️

[@enriquemartinezbarton2910]

really helpful

[@hussainbiology]

Glad to hear that

[@petersiska7510]

Good lecture but English is difficult to understand especially when spoken fast. It needs to be spoken slowly and clearly.

[@hussainbiology]

Sorry for that..

[@unknownme6828]

Can anyone plz tell do these end replication problems occur in prokaryotic replication r not
I m highly confused bcs nothing is written about telomereases in prokaryotic replication

[@unknownme6828]

@Hussain Biology plz reply

[@hussainbiology]

prokaryotes have circular dna , so the problem doesn't arise

[@unknownme6828]

@@hussainbiology
How the circular DNA prevents the problem
This is the thing I am unable to understand

[@Mrsqueen-ql2pi]

Thanku sir

[@islamicvideospakistan5819]

Clear nazr mai Ara sir

[@hussainbiology]

watch on 720p

[@aaryamane3425]

are the same proteins used for yeast?

[@hannahdivic28]

Edit: On the topic of pre-RC complex including cdc6 or cdt1 and when they dissociate:

[@hussainbiology]

Plz check out these links :
www.researchgate.net/figure/The-pre-replication-complex-in-budding-yeast-The-pre-RC-is-assembled-step-wise-on-ARS_fig1_221917247

[@hussainbiology]

www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/pre-replication-complex

[@hussainbiology]

Pre RC Complex does include the cdc6or cdt1
, i have refrenced the latest research

[@hannahdivic28]

@@hussainbiology that's so strange... okay. I can't find a link to my book but if you don't mind checking this out, the flashcard that says "DNA replication" on the front side has an image from my book about this. quizlet.com/287248389/module-10-flash-cards/
The image shows the pre-RC complex after the cdc6 and cdt1 proteins dissociate. Can you explain why this might be showing it differently? I am very confused.

[@hannahdivic28]

@@hussainbiology the links you provided are from 2003/2007, and 2013; my book was published in 2014 - I'm not saying it is right, I just would like to figure out what the right answer is.

[@meenujoshi9606]

nice explanation.. but pronunciation is not clear🙄.. but thanks

[@dreameducation586]

I need them as pdf also Hussain Brother

[@Flytr567]

Do eukaryotes have DNA Gyrase or is it absent ?

[@aniket6488]

yes but name is diff...

[@sheetalsen8081]

Thanku sir 🙏