Sudan's conflict, explained
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- Опубликовано: 25 май 2023
- How Sudan's top two military men turned on each other
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On December 19, 2018, protests broke out in small cities throughout Sudan amid an economic crisis, eventually reaching the country's capital, Khartoum. These protests posed the biggest challenge to Sudan's longest-serving dictator, Omar al-Bashir, who throughout his regime did everything he could to remain in power. Bashir relied on various security sectors to protect him from being overthrown. However, his plan ultimately failed on April 11, 2019, when the country's army, the Sudanese Armed Forces, and a paramilitary force, the Rapid Support Forces, sided with the protesters and carried out a military coup, toppling Bashir.
The end of Bashir's regime brought hope to the protesters, but they remained skeptical about the men who had overthrown him. SAF’s Abdel Fattah Burhan and RSF’s Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (aka Hemeti) took control of the country after the coup and made repeated promises to hand over power to civilians, which would put Sudan on a democratic path. But they continuously delayed fulfilling their promises and instead turned against each other, vying for power in Sudan. The two men have brutally interrupted Sudan’s pro-democracy revolution.
The fighting between the two men's forces started out in Sudan's capital, Khartoum, and spread all over the country. Recent ceasefire breakdowns have led to more bursts of violence, especially in Darfur, a region still reeling from the aftermath of a genocide at the hands of Bashir's regime.
Watch the latest episode of Atlas to understand how their feud has undermined the democratic aspirations of the protesters and put Sudan at risk of a civil war.
Note: The headline has been updated.
Previous headline: The two men who derailed Sudan’s revolution
Sources and additional reading:
This Q&A by the New Yorker featuring Mai Hassan helped us understand Omar al-Bashir’s coup-proofing agenda -
www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-...
This article by Mat Nashed was a great starting point for us to learn more about the recent conflict-
newlinesmag.com/reportage/in-...
Local reporting by Radio Dabanga kept us up-to-date with the day to day of the conflict -
www.dabangasudan.org/en
This paper by Global Witness provided us with information on how the RSF became wealthy
www.globalwitness.org/en/camp...
We found the International Crisis Group’s in depth reporting analyses and commentary very useful throughout our reporting and research -
www.crisisgroup.org/africa/ho...
Keeping up with Ism’ail Kushkush’s and Yousra Elbagir’s reporting throughout the revolution helped us understand the lead up towards Burhan’s and Hemeti’s rivalry -
sites.google.com/view/ikushku...
www.channel4.com/news/by/yous...
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As a Sudanese citizen I'm actually surprised i never expected to find such a short yet detailed report i Salute you and i hope this war comes to a close as soon as possible
مختصر ومفيد وبسيط واي زول ممكن يفهمو
Hope you are safe
May God bless you all
Good days will come very soon
Love and support from India❤
Glory to Sudanese democracy! You Sudanese deserve one, deserve to have the power to put out leaders as you please.
I have a question: why can't countries like yours never form a democratic state with elections every few years?
This is best explainer I have watched on this Sudan crisis.
Africa my continent plagued by unnecessary wars by men with fragile egos.
It's necessary..for us to appreciate democracy.
Africa has the highest birth rates in the world which helps to fuel more wars
It has nothing to do with ego. It's all about money and power.
@@baha3alshamari152 by this logic Asia(China and India) would be nuclear cesspools
@@baha3alshamari152 That is only one small factor. That's like saying the US is struggling only because of "the crime rate" or something.
Sudanese people : You have freed us!
Burhan and Hemeti : Oh I wouldn’t say “freed” more like “under new management”
Not really. We knew from the start that hemeti is a warlord and a criminal and we tried to push back so he wouldn't be part of the government. Unfortunately the army didn't care and kept him around despite all the signs that he will do something like this
@@adnanomer9089 like seriously his faction hate native Africans, and have killed thousands of people in Darfur because they were African, they want to arabise the whole country.
How can you trust him
@@adnanomer9089 started before their Independence when the Berlin conference
@@adnanomer9089 so your calling hemeti a criminal what about the military that murdered civilians and overthrow the prime minister back in 2021. al-burhan and SCP are the criminals supported by muslim brotherhood and their extremist ideologies. Hemeti is a war ciminal and a mercenary but at this point his the enemey of my enemy. He has promised to give vontrol back to civilian political parties after the war.
The elite sons of Khartoum created the precursor to the Janjaweed (the Murahaleen) against the people of South Sudan and used the Janjaweed against native Darfurians.
Khartoum deserves this and more
Awesome explanation Rajaa and team! Such good reporting
Your video was awesome too!
Hey Johnny. Thanks for inspiring us. 🔥
I commented that I like this video better, but I still enjoyed your video and I will continue to love your content. Rajaa and the vox team just really knocked it out of the park with this one.
I started watching the video thinking it was a new Johnny Harris video about Sudan, then I realized it was Vox.
Did you guys planned on releasing same week? or big coincidence ? :)
As a Sudanese who lived in Khartoum and having to wake up expecting it to be a normal day but instead waking up to gun fire and having to flee it’s soo saddening and allhamidullah I’m safe right now in England but my brother is in Halfa ( the closest Sudanese city to Egyptian border) trying to cross the border and it’s been almost 3 weeks since he’s been there…. All I’m asking is for is prayers
I will pray for you my friend
I hope ur brother reach his destination safely
You’ll be good iA don’t try to make people feel sorry for you by playing the victim. You will over come this keep your head up high it can be worse
@@user-jz2tw8fg2s wdym by play the victim? Brother I don’t have to act out anything. I am a victim of war like million others and I’m grateful allhamidullah for my position right now. All I was asking for is prayers and just to make people aware since no one really talks about it anymore
I hope that you and your family stays safe😢😢😢
Sudan cant catch a break bro
@@TheBrianFlanagan Everyone deserves a break
@@TheBrianFlanagan the civilians?
Like Syria
@@TheBrianFlanaganWhy should they not? What has the people of Sudan ever done to you??
@@GreksalladI guess being black
My co-worker, a lovely gentleman from Sudan, has a family back in his home country. He is worried sick about them; now knowing the superficial story behind the country's conflict, my sympathy for him and his people deepens. I hope that circumstances improve in Sudan and that the people get safety and stability.
Its a shame that the rest of the world is relatively unaware of this significant conflict. May Sudan one day be free from the rule of tyrants and be truly run by the people again.
The US is too busy politically exploiting so-called insurrectionists on 1/6/21 who never fired a shot.
Well because it is not involved Israel 🤣
Too busy with ukraine and gaza
As a Pakistani watching this video, i do feel for the people of Sudan because almost the same thing is happening in our country. Only difference is our army is united in making sure the civilians stay quiet. They have managed to create a system who runs the state and even control the narratives. They let you criticise them but draw a circle around it so nobody should talk the heinous crimes they are doing.
What heinous crime are you talking about?
@@muhammadahmadbehlim8929 The henious crimes happening in Kpk and Balochistan for good 50 years. People are abucted and then you won't even know where are they ir whether they are alive or not.
@@ahsanarshad918 if ypu are talking aabout forced disappearec i k ow that is a major problem but you cannot criticize all of Army for that
@@muhammadahmadbehlim8929 🤦🏻♂️
@@muhammadahmadbehlim8929army is not your friend, its universal
Hey everyone! Thank you so much for watching this episode of Atlas on Sudan’s conflict. This video is just a start to understanding what’s going on. We didn’t go deeper into the wars in Darfur and South Sudan, but if you’d like to learn more I recommend the two books below:
1. Darfur: A New History of a Long War www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/darfur-a-new-history-of-a-long-war/
2. First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War but Lost the Peace www.amazon.com/First-Raise-Flag-South-Longest/dp/0190052708
-Rajaa
first
The link goes to an error or "product not found"; but a search of the book tiles leads you to the books
Make TOYOTA Trucks Great Again 😎 Scotty Kilmer
Why is Middle East always in War or Africa always in War?! Maybe if the people learn to give up their Religious practices and Learn to adapt to moderation of Democracy they would have No wars. America and UK make me sick they always Helping like causing more war and war crime with Russia and Ukraine this all eventually turn into WW3 Nuclear ☢️ holocaust in 2024
I was trying to do research on this situation - an assignment asked me to write the current head of state of Sudan - and couldn't make heads or tails of it, so this video helped sum it up nicely. Two powerful men toppling hope for democracy - it's horrid.
Ha! You were tasked at such the wrong time. Good luck!
What are you studying man ??😂
You in school kid?
thanx, From Sudan, for highlighting our story. We Shall overcome✌✌✌
How accurate is this reporting?
@@AndorranStairway seems pretty accurate to me , tho we don't really know who's behind all this we know it should stop before it leads to more damage to an already broken country
@@AndorranStairway wish it was not
@@AndorranStairway they nailed it
I am currently doing my assignment about Sudan conflict, this vt is the best explanation I need.
Thank You Very Much
A well-researched video with compelling visuals - great job! The coup-proofing analysis is a helpful historical/political context.
I can't believe that no one thought putting Burhan and Hemeti in the administrative roles for the TC was a bad idea. How did anyone think that two men vying for power being placed in powerful roles wouldn't backfire later?
You can’t do much when both of them hold the vast majority of wealth and military powers. Pretty sure Nobody there wanted them
Oh, everyone thought it was a horrible idea. Protests occurred because of it. These two men were still the most powerful in Sudan, so it would have been incredibly hard and destabilizing to not let them there, although now looking back it probably would have been better to keep them out.
They kept them in so that they could maintain their neocolonialist interests in the region, a government controlled solely by the protesters would be less willing to compromise and more likely tend towards protectionism
Who says their plan backfired? Who benefits from this conflict?
@@nisawright9824it backfired because instead of a democracy and peaceful country, it became a war struck country
Excellent summary. Thank you
This is the best reporting I've watched so far. It was as though the rest who tackled this subject were in a hurry, and assumed that we all live in Sudan. So balanced, so nuanced, this explainer.
you know what? this epic video explains the hole situation million times better than ANY TV-Doku. it's not even a topic in news😢 news is all about Ukraine. so million thanks to you guys for putting up this epic piece!😘 love your content 😘
Because Ukraine is a victim of unprovoked invasion.,
👍
The funniest part about the constant Ukraine coverage is that most of what media houses report can just be covered by an armchair expert.
Meanwhile, they neglect every other important current event happening around the world for "ratings".
V
This is so so so well done! Thank you Vox for the detailed explanations and for the amazing graphics.
This an accrute explanation, Hope our country will pass this difficult time 🥺🇸🇩
I hope the same for your country. May God bless you all
Love and support from India ❤
Many of us in Tigray are praying for Sudan.❤💛
Thanks so much. After a decade trying to understand and follow all that happens in Sudan and South Sudan this is a great overeat summary
It's just sad how all these revolutions ultimately fail even when they succeed
Well said man... well said
That seems the natural cycle of revolution. Ultimately tho these men will be replaced with democratically elected leaders.
Because they don't know how to run a country, all they know is how to fight.
Another country victimized by "independence".
There is no winner just death and hate over power with the same going to happen to the man alive from this civil war
All revolutions are provisional. That applies to the US as well. We've seen how fragile our own democracy is recently.
Thank you for this!🎉
Thank you for this!
Thank you for you doing this
Great reporting from Vox as we're used to! However, one important component in this whole story was missed! which is the spectrum of political parties that played a key role in how these military dynamics eventually unfolded throughout the post-revolution period. The real betrayal of the Sudanese People came from those.
I’m uneducated what did the political parties do?
blaming political parties for the current events is pure cope
Don't sell you're nation out to the West or China. UNITY!!!
@@vignotum132 It needs a report of its own quite honestly! but in a nutshell, most of them instigated and provided political coverage to these military components to go about their ventures throughout the transitional period. Almost non of them have taken the will of the Sudanese People and Resistance Committees (Neighborhoods-based horizontal organizational structures that have spearheaded Sudan's pro-democracy movement since 2019.) into account. For them, power and legitimacy are in the hands of military components, not the people!
@@mustafah.elbashir5378 Thank you for the lesson.
Thanks for the breakdown
Great explanation thanks!
I won’t be able to say that I am happy to see a video talking about war in my country, I guess we are still in denial. However, I appreciate the effort put into this and the summary is good, one thing we learned from years under dictatorship is how important for such documentation to exist somewhere because people forget. good job 👏🏾 I am a fan.
which 2 and what is the time stamp?
@@ocean6462 I went back to the chart again and I think I misunderstood it the first time, Azhari was head of the government twice so I got confused of who was overthrown by who
I apologize, I will remove the comment
@@zainabgaafar1661 ok no problem haha
V
thank you for covering Sudan ♥️♥️♥️
This is so well done! As a adunct prof, this is how explaining things should be done!
Thank you for a great explaination on Sudan.
The circle of power never ends.
This is awesome keep up the great work
Great documentary
Excellent and concise explanation of the crisis.
Great breakdown
vox is really the best in explaining everything! visually and informatively clean!
Helpful analysis
Great list! Almost the same as you but you’ve inspired me to grow my no-buy list ❤
Come on guys I think it complements Johnny Harris's video pretty well, great insights from both videos. Why do we always have to compare 😂
As someone Sudanese this is by far the best explanation
Increíble video! Me lo recomendo mi querido y cercano amigo Víctor, bendiciones 🎉
Best summary I've seem on this topic lately!
Excellent content and reporting
this is maybe the most simple and yet detailed report i have ever seen about the Sudanese crisis
Vox is one of the best places to find information on anything because they explain everything in detail and I have respect for
Saudi Arabia is talking about Sudan's democracy??? That's unbelievable 😂
Given the USA’s history of supporting dictatorships such as the Saudi one (& many others), as well as our support for repressive democracies like Israel, it id actually very believable (sadly😢).
Good comment though!! 👍
@@LawrenceCarroll1234 WWE is friendly with that government
same way america and india talk about democracy tbh. i'd add aus and uk to the list but even they're doing a better job than the first two
@@LawrenceCarroll1234 Oil politics and Jewish diasporic pressure are the reasons why they back up with these oppressive regimes
@@asankajayaweera7212stop blaiming jews for everything because funny Austrian mustache man said so
This is better researched and put together with a full timeline unlike Johnny Harris's video. I appreciate the effort put into not just talking about what is currently occuring but the full history of Sudan. Keep up the great work!
Edit: I still enjoyed Johnny Harris's video and I suggest you go check it out as well. Its great that so many are reporting on the senseless bloodshed going on in Sudan right now.
You have vox vs a random guy that gets scammed by small tricks
What's wrong with Harris' video?
@@Fjottle Nothing is wrong with Johnny's video, I just think Rajaa and the vox team really did a good job on this one.
@@rileyharville8379 nah Harris did a better job
I mean, he did it hastily and did well even with a short time, this is much more in depth but Johnny is more into generalization which is he is really good at
Great video! Whose idea was it to trust the two military leaders to voluntarily hand over power to the protesters within 18 months? I'm no expert, but that seems like it was an obviously terrible idea.
Oil companies
ah... they wanted a quick fix stability to make money from oil rather than actually solving the issue. that's... painfully predictable.
😂😂😂 military : trust me bro we’ll relieve our power once we get what we want
Sudans: 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Sudans now: 😢
Literally no one demonstrations have not stopped literally a week before this sudden conflict this was a deeply unpopular coup
That's kinda the issue. They're not the leadership the country wanted, but they ARE the people with real power. In control of the military and natural resources. The public protested fiercely and got a transitional council with nearly half the seats filled by members of the military dictatorship
I just discovered this series. Great content but the background music and effects makes it difficult to focus on the narration
Great explanation 👌
Wow I didn’t know much about this topic, this is very interesting and well made!
Me and my family have been waiting 3 years to go to Sudan after having to wait 2 years cause of covid and 1 year cause of my sister getting a paspport, and 2 months before we were meant to be going, this war broke out. I still hope we will be able to reunite with our family again
thank you so much
Very intersting documentry
i will never understand *wanting* to lead a country in such a corrupt way when it damages the entire country
I don't think they care. They'd rather spend the nations wealth buying suits
No honor among thieves.
Meh, the psychology of military dogs in the 3rd world is very interesting, not only that but I think you should do research on AFRICOM, the US basically trains soldiers to overthrown their own countries with coups
Great video
great explanation
Two people of similar competence can never be partners in wielding power.
I was born in a country that never had democracy. I realized thousands years of authoritarian rule change the national character of a people. It stifles any modern collective consciousness and intellect. People become selfish, cowardly and violent at the same time. The worst of human nature get immensely magnified and there will never be rule of laws under authoritarian regimes.
Rule of men reign supreme. It undermines national identity.
Unfortunately, authoritarian perpetuates itself. Overthrowing a regime is easy. Establish democracy requires national consensus. That is extremely difficult.
Arab spring is a perfect example of that. It went from dictatorship to theocracy to secular dictatorship again.
I feel you. I could have said same thing about Pakistan and it would be true
truly sad and heartbreaking
Good content, thank you !
this country once was my home and i m sad for all of this to happen
👏🙌🌍 This concise yet informative report is truly impressive! As a fellow citizen, I share your surprise and appreciation for the detailed coverage. It's crucial that this war concludes swiftly, bringing peace and stability to Sudan. Let's hope for a brighter future ahead and continue to support efforts towards resolution and progress. 🕊🤞💪
do your people really want peace and stability? i often see when people are crying for democracy, but yet still they wont tolerate people of different religious backgrounds, people who are LGBTQ, people who don't believe in god etc.
@@narda1072as a Sudanese, there are lots of people from lots of religions here ,atheists,muslims ,Christians and more
To be honest, this is the best explanation of a scenario I ever heard.
I have never watched a video like this, hat off
I'm not sure what the international community can do besides invading them to remove them forcefully from power, which, I guess we all know how that will end " omg Sudan was invaded". On top of it there's multiple countries involved with each on of them supporting one or the other, which makes it more complicated.
Exactly. Africa's problems should be fixed by Africans.
@@0816M3RC in theory you're right, and that's how it should be, but practically that has never been the case since civilization started to emerge, and I'm not referring to Africa only, all continents have tried to conquer each other at a certain stage or pulled nasty moves during wars. Hopefully something unexpected for all parties happens to those two generals and things calm down. My heart breaks for the poor civilians.
civilians have literally begged the US government to intervene and remove the sudanese military. Why has the UN not sent peace keeping forces???
@@modelbashir2365 I'm no expert however to assume the UN as a whole is anti military dictatorship is quite optimistic. Unfortunately authoritarian regimes are now at least as strong in the UN and globally as democratic ones, so I wouldn't take it as a given that the UN will agree on an intervention on the side of civilians. If the US was to do this it'd need to be unilateral with NATO allies, or they'd need to convince Russia, China, and all others to agree to oust a likely cooperative regime.
now in this scenario , if the US get in it could be good
I want this guy's sunglasses.
They should be in a museum
Me too
Excellent video about my country status
Thanks
Not only is it sad that this is happening, but that the energy of the international community is focused on a different conflict, merely because they just don't see themselves in the suffering parties.
Powerful comment!!
Give a man power then you'll see his true character.
EXCELLENTLY EXPLAINED - MUST SUBSCRIBE!👍 Infographics couldn't be done better, than by u folks! Thank u for sharing your incredible talent with us and for educating us on important matters & facts - SUBSRIBED!👏👏👏🖖
Very well made documentary.
Great Video. Please make more world political videos again.
Can you please do a video on the current situation in Pakistan? Please people need to hear about it.
that's a really good explanation to the situation there from non arabic media platform i am a sudanese and i confirm it all
i hope things get better in sudan so i can go back sometimes i wish i staid and died with my brothers
I love this Channel
To be real, your so good at this, and you have to make a news channel
On one side, the billionaire warlord, Hemedti. On the other, the junta leader of the official Sudanese Military.
In the middle, caught in the crosshairs, are the Sudanese people that protested for human rights, an affordable cost of living, democracy, and change. And the countless refugees who sought shelter in Sudan from Central African & HOA war/conflicts, only to find themselves back in another warzone.
There are foreign actors, Sudan is far too valuable to leave be when there is a war, other intelligent nations see this conflict as their chance to bag resources and send arms to the side they support. Sudan even before this war was still economically weak, inflation was at 450% so the only reason there were refugees was so that they can go to Europe. There's a human trafficking business in Sudan, Libya and Algeria. Lotta peeps making whole lotta money even Hemetti himself who threatened the European Union by saying he'd release 300k refugees to Europe if Europe didn't complain with what he wanted, funny thing is is that the European Union is funding this war as well so they obviously weren't happy. The world of geopolitics is all about strategic play, if you don't have full control of your resources than other foreign nations and corporations will, if you can't checkmate your enemies then they'll checkmate you, if you don't have economic and military clout then you can't play this game.
🌟🌟 Great fruitful session 🌟🌟
💎💎 Great informative video 💎💎
thanks
It's strange to see Saudi Arabia and Egypt supporting democracy. Maybe they never did
They are doing it for political influence.
They want peace
US and UAE too
This world is full of horrors.
Just met a man from Sudan in Instagram. Wish him the best of luck!
Love the Incredibles reference.
And yet you didn't mention that RSF supported by UAE
This was before the UAE got involved this was only a few weeks after the war began.
NAH !... UAE got involved since 2019
@@omerhatim4326 Actually no 2023 they were leaning RSF but the war didn’t start until April 15th 2023.
I think you missed out on how the RSF is being heavily financed by the Wagner Group (A.K.A. Russia) and how the Sudanese Armed Forces are being supported by China as Sudan is key to China's belt and road initiative in Africa.
This is what you want to believe as truth but sadly it isn't. It is not possible for RSF to have a different sponsors when they are actually the same. The SAF formed paramilitary forces the RSF to help Shutdown rebellion in Darfur.
@@malualmarengajou5359 that was then and this is now. It’s widely known that the RSF is being funded by Russia
@@nintendo1709 They trained and stayed in the same military barracks and they are still using the same weapons SAF gave them. The only difference now is that SAF is having the taste of their own medicine. Worst still RSF is still supplied by SAF as they capture more strategic places for weapons. This wager group financing is just a conspiracy. Let SAF contain the monster they created silently without conspiracies.
Can't help but marvel at Al Bashir's power games. A house of cards can only stand long
What a thrilling documentary 💯
Overlaps aside, two videos can exist. Johnny’s video approaches the conflict from a diplomatic angle mentioning key ties that risk being severed as a result. Whereas, Vox focuses on the fate and condition of Sudanese peoples. Both do a good job
Agreed. Both deserve their flowers.
This is not the first time Johnny Harris & Vox put out videos about the same topic uploaded within a few days with each other... the first one was about semi-conductor or chips something like that
A couple of errors in the subtitles... Keep the good work :)
As a common it is the innocent civilians who suffers my prayers with Sudanese brothers and sisters love and prayer from Pakistan ❤
The introduction contains some very reductionist background information
Much of the outrage against Al-Bashir was his Islamist background, not his military background. Which is why the military stepped in to remove him in the first place. Al-Bashir is a proponent of the Muslim Brotherhood, and his strict interpretation and application of Shariah was a primary force for his removal more so than any desire for democracy.
Why can't it be both? It is true that Al-Bashir enforced Shariah Law. But it is also true that he empowered the SAF & Hemedti for self-preservation and coup-proofing purposes. After all, Shariah Law is very unpopular amongst the actual people getting hurt by it.
I guess, Vox should have still given it a mention though.
Sudan 97% Islam. South Sudan 67% Christian
While I don't necessarily trust either the SAF or the RSF, I will throw it out there that the RSF is at the very least the main one responsible for this conflict. They do what they do pretty much just because Hemedti wants all the power. Supporting someone who wants that is never a good idea.
كان الله في عون السودان و اهله.
Where do they get the military equipment from?