May I sincerely request a video on the 88mm Kwk 43 firing at the lower frontal hull of IS-3? A screenshot that I saw a long time ago from the trials at Kubinka somehow stated that an 88mm Kwk 43 could penetrate the lower frontal hull of the IS-3 at distances between 300 and 700 metres. Thanks
Not quite: HEAR creates a much thinner jet with a focus point much closer to the charge. Because of that, it dissipates in air much quicker but can punch through much more. EFP is essentially a long range HEAT, sacrificing power for range
@@Paul_Sergeyev I may be wrong but isnt HEAT effective independent of range since the jet, where almost all of the penetrating power is focused, is released on impact, much like EFP? I would argue that the difference is more in line with HEAT focusing on penetration power whilst EFP trades penetration power for spawl potential.
### 1. **HEAT (High-Explosive Anti-Tank) Warheads**: #### **Principle of Operation**: HEAT warheads are based on the **Munroe effect**, which refers to how a shaped explosive charge focuses the explosive energy. The warhead is designed with a hollow, concave cavity lined with a metal (typically copper, though other materials like aluminum or tantalum can be used). When the explosive around the cavity detonates, it collapses the metal liner inwards. This creates a highly focused and fast-moving **metallic jet**. #### **Penetration Process**: - **Shaped Charge**: The warhead typically consists of a metal liner (shaped in a cone or hemisphere) backed by an explosive charge. The detonation collapses the liner into a thin, jet-like stream of molten and solid metal particles. This jet reaches **velocities of 6 to 10 kilometers per second** (depending on the design), which is extremely high. - **Energy Focus**: HEAT warheads don’t rely on the kinetic energy from the warhead’s speed, but rather on the energy from the focused explosion itself. When the metallic jet hits armor, it does not "melt" through, but rather **penetrates by eroding** the material with immense pressure and force. - **Penetration Depth**: HEAT rounds are capable of penetrating armor several times their diameter (commonly referred to as the "penetration-to-caliber" ratio). A HEAT warhead can typically penetrate armor equivalent to 3-6 times the diameter of the warhead itself, making them extremely effective against thick, conventional armor. - **Shaped Charge Jet**: The jet is extremely thin (millimeters in diameter) and is formed only for a few microseconds. Its effectiveness depends on several factors, including standoff distance (the optimal distance from which the HEAT round must detonate to form the jet properly). #### **Limitations**: - **Reactive Armor**: Modern tanks use **Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA)**, which consists of layers of explosives sandwiched between metal plates. When struck by a HEAT round, the explosive layers detonate outward, disrupting the formation or direction of the HEAT jet, thus reducing penetration. - **Spaced and Sloped Armor**: HEAT warheads are also less effective against sloped armor. The angle of impact changes the direction of the jet, and spaced armor (multiple layers of armor separated by air gaps) disrupts or deflects the jet before it can penetrate the main armor. #### **Common Applications**: - **Anti-Tank Missiles**: Many anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) like the TOW or the Javelin use HEAT warheads to defeat heavy armor. - **Rocket-Propelled Grenades (RPGs)**: RPGs like the RPG-7 use HEAT warheads to penetrate vehicle armor. - **Tank Main Gun Rounds**: Some tanks fire HEAT shells from their main guns to attack other tanks or fortifications. --- ### 2. **EFP (Explosively Formed Penetrator)**: #### **Principle of Operation**: An EFP operates differently from a HEAT warhead. While both use explosives to propel a metal mass, an EFP forms a solid, high-velocity slug or penetrator instead of a jet. This is achieved by shaping the explosive charge behind a concave or flat metal plate. Upon detonation, the explosive energy **deforms the metal plate into a projectile** (which could be disk-like, slug-shaped, or even rod-shaped). #### **Penetration Process**: - **Formation of the Penetrator**: When the explosive detonates, the concave metal plate deforms into a penetrator. The exact shape of this penetrator depends on the design of the liner and the explosive charge. A well-designed EFP can form a **solid projectile** that retains its shape during flight. - **Velocity**: The velocity of an EFP penetrator is typically around **1.5 to 2 kilometers per second**, which is slower than the jet formed by a HEAT warhead but still extremely fast. The penetrator is much larger than the HEAT jet, making it more effective at long ranges and less sensitive to sloped armor. - **Impact on Armor**: Unlike HEAT, which relies on a thin, concentrated jet, EFPs **punch through armor** by sheer kinetic force. The high-velocity projectile behaves more like a bullet, impacting and penetrating armor by mechanical force. Some EFPs can penetrate several hundred millimeters of steel armor. - **Shaped for Specific Uses**: EFPs can be designed to form either a **single large penetrator** or multiple smaller projectiles (multi-EFPs). The multi-EFP configuration can hit multiple points on a target or affect different vehicles in a convoy. #### **Advantages**: - **Standoff and Range**: EFPs have a higher standoff capability than HEAT warheads. They can engage targets effectively from several hundred meters away, as the projectile maintains its shape over a long distance. - **Armor Type**: EFPs are more effective against **reactive armor** and **spaced armor** than HEAT rounds. The solid nature of the penetrator makes it harder to disrupt with explosive-reactive defenses. - **Versatility**: EFPs can be tailored for various uses, including **long-range anti-armor** applications, **area denial** with multi-EFP designs, and even in roadside bombs used by insurgent groups for ambushes. #### **Limitations**: - **Lower Penetration at Close Range**: While EFPs are effective at longer distances, they are often less efficient at close-range penetrations compared to HEAT warheads. - **Larger Warhead**: EFP warheads are generally bulkier than HEAT, making them less suitable for applications requiring compact warheads. #### **Common Applications**: - **Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)**: EFPs have been widely used in IEDs, particularly by insurgent groups, to target armored vehicles. - **Anti-Tank Munitions**: Some modern anti-tank guided missiles or artillery shells use EFP warheads to engage tanks and other armored vehicles. - **Area Denial**: EFPs can also be used in area-denial weapons where multiple projectiles are formed from a single explosion, targeting infantry or soft-skinned vehicles. --- ### **Detailed Comparison**: | Feature | HEAT | EFP | |-----------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------| | **Mechanism** | Shaped charge creates a high-speed jet of metal | Explosives form a solid projectile or slug | | **Penetration Type** | High-pressure jet penetrates armor | High-velocity projectile impacts armor | | **Velocity** | 6-10 km/s (jet) | 1.5-2 km/s (projectile) | | **Range** | Effective at close to mid-range | Effective at mid to long-range | | **Effectiveness Against Armor** | Strong against conventional armor, weaker vs. ERA and spaced armor | Effective against reactive and spaced armor | | **Reactive Armor Counter** | Can be disrupted by reactive armor | More resistant to reactive armor | | **Standoff Distance** | Critical for jet formation | Less dependent on precise standoff distance | | **Target Types** | Armored vehicles, bunkers, fortified positions | Armored vehicles, long-range targets, IEDs | ### **Conclusion**: Both HEAT and EFP are highly specialized munitions used to defeat armor, but they differ in how they achieve this goal. HEAT warheads are focused on creating a high-pressure, molten jet that erodes armor on a small scale, making them effective at close and mid-range engagements. EFPs, on the other hand, use solid, high-velocity projectiles that act more like bullets, making them effective at longer ranges and more resistant to modern armor countermeasures like reactive armor. source: chatgpt
@@ejackson5373 with stuff like the RPG or panzerschreck, yes. However, if the HEAT warhead detonates far from a vehicle, caused by stuff like the cage on tanks, its penetration quickly dissipates. This is why even cardboard armor can have an effect against HEAT, as it doesn't need to provide protection, it just needs to create distance between the real armor and the HEAT shell.
Every weapon is "just raw blunt power". You need to deliver to enemy more energy than he can safely absorb. Club, sword, rifle, shell, nuke - all the same.
@@deipalladium8362Except chemical and bioweapon? and I agree that all weapons need to deliver more exceed safety energy level but not all of them are in form of Kinetic energy (blunt) example flame, nuke from heat wave, thermobaric.
if you mean in terms of chemical or kinetic, this is a chemical, as the kinetic energy is made by the projectile and not the cannon/gun it was fired from
ATTACK THE D POINT
Never!
@@dhuckbourning7165I beg your pardon!
NO
Perfect Homemade anti-tank weapon 🔥
May I sincerely request a video on the 88mm Kwk 43 firing at the lower frontal hull of IS-3?
A screenshot that I saw a long time ago from the trials at Kubinka somehow stated that an 88mm Kwk 43 could penetrate the lower frontal hull of the IS-3 at distances between 300 and 700 metres.
Thanks
Nice job on this video. Please do more educational materials like this.
I'd like to see how this plays out against a composite armor array, or perhaps a laminate/RHA combination.
That's looks surprisingly effective. I'd like to see how it'd fair against some WWII tanks like the T-34 and Tiger.
More stuff like this please o/
Mushroom of Death
Theres a hole in your left wing 🗣️🗣️
Could you simulate a 12, 10 and 4 ga sizes shaped charge?
Dude 12 ga sized shaped is my fantasy too
can you simulate 3 M103 tanks hitting the upper plate of a T-72 in roughly the same area and each shell hitting shortly after the previous?
Where is the outtro music from? Sounds like a video game menu.
so is this a HEAT warhead?
Not quite: HEAR creates a much thinner jet with a focus point much closer to the charge. Because of that, it dissipates in air much quicker but can punch through much more. EFP is essentially a long range HEAT, sacrificing power for range
@@Paul_Sergeyev I may be wrong but isnt HEAT effective independent of range since the jet, where almost all of the penetrating power is focused, is released on impact, much like EFP? I would argue that the difference is more in line with HEAT focusing on penetration power whilst EFP trades penetration power for spawl potential.
@@Paul_Sergeyev Actually this only sacrifices penetration for damage and range
### 1. **HEAT (High-Explosive Anti-Tank) Warheads**:
#### **Principle of Operation**:
HEAT warheads are based on the **Munroe effect**, which refers to how a shaped explosive charge focuses the explosive energy. The warhead is designed with a hollow, concave cavity lined with a metal (typically copper, though other materials like aluminum or tantalum can be used). When the explosive around the cavity detonates, it collapses the metal liner inwards. This creates a highly focused and fast-moving **metallic jet**.
#### **Penetration Process**:
- **Shaped Charge**: The warhead typically consists of a metal liner (shaped in a cone or hemisphere) backed by an explosive charge. The detonation collapses the liner into a thin, jet-like stream of molten and solid metal particles. This jet reaches **velocities of 6 to 10 kilometers per second** (depending on the design), which is extremely high.
- **Energy Focus**: HEAT warheads don’t rely on the kinetic energy from the warhead’s speed, but rather on the energy from the focused explosion itself. When the metallic jet hits armor, it does not "melt" through, but rather **penetrates by eroding** the material with immense pressure and force.
- **Penetration Depth**: HEAT rounds are capable of penetrating armor several times their diameter (commonly referred to as the "penetration-to-caliber" ratio). A HEAT warhead can typically penetrate armor equivalent to 3-6 times the diameter of the warhead itself, making them extremely effective against thick, conventional armor.
- **Shaped Charge Jet**: The jet is extremely thin (millimeters in diameter) and is formed only for a few microseconds. Its effectiveness depends on several factors, including standoff distance (the optimal distance from which the HEAT round must detonate to form the jet properly).
#### **Limitations**:
- **Reactive Armor**: Modern tanks use **Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA)**, which consists of layers of explosives sandwiched between metal plates. When struck by a HEAT round, the explosive layers detonate outward, disrupting the formation or direction of the HEAT jet, thus reducing penetration.
- **Spaced and Sloped Armor**: HEAT warheads are also less effective against sloped armor. The angle of impact changes the direction of the jet, and spaced armor (multiple layers of armor separated by air gaps) disrupts or deflects the jet before it can penetrate the main armor.
#### **Common Applications**:
- **Anti-Tank Missiles**: Many anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) like the TOW or the Javelin use HEAT warheads to defeat heavy armor.
- **Rocket-Propelled Grenades (RPGs)**: RPGs like the RPG-7 use HEAT warheads to penetrate vehicle armor.
- **Tank Main Gun Rounds**: Some tanks fire HEAT shells from their main guns to attack other tanks or fortifications.
---
### 2. **EFP (Explosively Formed Penetrator)**:
#### **Principle of Operation**:
An EFP operates differently from a HEAT warhead. While both use explosives to propel a metal mass, an EFP forms a solid, high-velocity slug or penetrator instead of a jet. This is achieved by shaping the explosive charge behind a concave or flat metal plate. Upon detonation, the explosive energy **deforms the metal plate into a projectile** (which could be disk-like, slug-shaped, or even rod-shaped).
#### **Penetration Process**:
- **Formation of the Penetrator**: When the explosive detonates, the concave metal plate deforms into a penetrator. The exact shape of this penetrator depends on the design of the liner and the explosive charge. A well-designed EFP can form a **solid projectile** that retains its shape during flight.
- **Velocity**: The velocity of an EFP penetrator is typically around **1.5 to 2 kilometers per second**, which is slower than the jet formed by a HEAT warhead but still extremely fast. The penetrator is much larger than the HEAT jet, making it more effective at long ranges and less sensitive to sloped armor.
- **Impact on Armor**: Unlike HEAT, which relies on a thin, concentrated jet, EFPs **punch through armor** by sheer kinetic force. The high-velocity projectile behaves more like a bullet, impacting and penetrating armor by mechanical force. Some EFPs can penetrate several hundred millimeters of steel armor.
- **Shaped for Specific Uses**: EFPs can be designed to form either a **single large penetrator** or multiple smaller projectiles (multi-EFPs). The multi-EFP configuration can hit multiple points on a target or affect different vehicles in a convoy.
#### **Advantages**:
- **Standoff and Range**: EFPs have a higher standoff capability than HEAT warheads. They can engage targets effectively from several hundred meters away, as the projectile maintains its shape over a long distance.
- **Armor Type**: EFPs are more effective against **reactive armor** and **spaced armor** than HEAT rounds. The solid nature of the penetrator makes it harder to disrupt with explosive-reactive defenses.
- **Versatility**: EFPs can be tailored for various uses, including **long-range anti-armor** applications, **area denial** with multi-EFP designs, and even in roadside bombs used by insurgent groups for ambushes.
#### **Limitations**:
- **Lower Penetration at Close Range**: While EFPs are effective at longer distances, they are often less efficient at close-range penetrations compared to HEAT warheads.
- **Larger Warhead**: EFP warheads are generally bulkier than HEAT, making them less suitable for applications requiring compact warheads.
#### **Common Applications**:
- **Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs)**: EFPs have been widely used in IEDs, particularly by insurgent groups, to target armored vehicles.
- **Anti-Tank Munitions**: Some modern anti-tank guided missiles or artillery shells use EFP warheads to engage tanks and other armored vehicles.
- **Area Denial**: EFPs can also be used in area-denial weapons where multiple projectiles are formed from a single explosion, targeting infantry or soft-skinned vehicles.
---
### **Detailed Comparison**:
| Feature | HEAT | EFP |
|-----------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| **Mechanism** | Shaped charge creates a high-speed jet of metal | Explosives form a solid projectile or slug |
| **Penetration Type** | High-pressure jet penetrates armor | High-velocity projectile impacts armor |
| **Velocity** | 6-10 km/s (jet) | 1.5-2 km/s (projectile) |
| **Range** | Effective at close to mid-range | Effective at mid to long-range |
| **Effectiveness Against Armor** | Strong against conventional armor, weaker vs. ERA and spaced armor | Effective against reactive and spaced armor |
| **Reactive Armor Counter** | Can be disrupted by reactive armor | More resistant to reactive armor |
| **Standoff Distance** | Critical for jet formation | Less dependent on precise standoff distance |
| **Target Types** | Armored vehicles, bunkers, fortified positions | Armored vehicles, long-range targets, IEDs |
### **Conclusion**:
Both HEAT and EFP are highly specialized munitions used to defeat armor, but they differ in how they achieve this goal. HEAT warheads are focused on creating a high-pressure, molten jet that erodes armor on a small scale, making them effective at close and mid-range engagements. EFPs, on the other hand, use solid, high-velocity projectiles that act more like bullets, making them effective at longer ranges and more resistant to modern armor countermeasures like reactive armor.
source: chatgpt
@@ejackson5373 with stuff like the RPG or panzerschreck, yes. However, if the HEAT warhead detonates far from a vehicle, caused by stuff like the cage on tanks, its penetration quickly dissipates. This is why even cardboard armor can have an effect against HEAT, as it doesn't need to provide protection, it just needs to create distance between the real armor and the HEAT shell.
So is this just raw blunt power?
Every weapon is "just raw blunt power". You need to deliver to enemy more energy than he can safely absorb. Club, sword, rifle, shell, nuke - all the same.
@@deipalladium8362Except chemical and bioweapon? and I agree that all weapons need to deliver more exceed safety energy level but not all of them are in form of Kinetic energy (blunt) example flame, nuke from heat wave, thermobaric.
if you mean in terms of chemical or kinetic, this is a chemical, as the kinetic energy is made by the projectile and not the cannon/gun it was fired from