Epigenetics
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 6 июл 2024
- Paul Andersen explains the concepts of genetics. He starts with a brief discussion of the nature vs. nurture debate and shows how epigenetics blurs this distinction. He explains how differentiation of cell types results from the inactivation of certain genes. He describes the three processes of epigenetics: DNA methylation, Histone acteylation and microRNA.
Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: www.freesound.org/people/Cosmi...
Creative Commons Atribution License
All images are either Public Domain or Creative Commons Attribution Licenses:
"File:DNA Methylation.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 2, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA....
"File:Earrr.JPG." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 1, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ear....
"File:Epigenetic Mechanisms.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 3, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Epi....
"File:Hela Cells Image 3709-PH.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 2, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hel....
"File:HeLa Cells Stained with Hoechst 33258.jpg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 2, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HeL....
"File:MiRNA.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 3, 2013. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MiR....
GM, Cooper. English: Histone Acetylation, January 13, 2013. Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK.... commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
kumar35885. Simple DNA for Illustrations, n.d. openclipart.org/detail/58543/d....
Rosa, Gilberto Santa. Beautiful Lips., March 25, 2006. originally posted to Flickr as Lips ...............DSCF6115a_picnikbw/soft. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
SheLovesGhosts. Deutsch: Zentrale Heterochromie: Grüne Iris, Um Die Pupille Herum Jedoch Ein Braun-gelber Ring, March 5, 2009. Own work. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil....
Between your visuals and the way you simplify your teachings, it makes it very simple and easy to understand concepts that I was previously struggling to understand, Thank you.
you successfully explained this topic in under 10 minutes while my lecture couldn't do it in an hour! ... love your videos thank you!
You're fantastic at teaching. I'm studying for the MCAT-this was very helpful!
What did you get?
I just love these videos u make!!! Everything makes sense. It shows the reasons behind what cells do and why they do it. This has being so helpful in my courses! Thank you so much!
Hi Paul, I can't thank you enough for the brilliant content you put up here for free. I'm a Genetics major and every time I face a problem I know I can rely on you and Shomu's Biology for explanations. I was pretty stressed out looking through my lecture notes, and this really helped clear things up. Thank you, and much love from Malaysia
In med school right now, rewatching some of these vids for my biochem exam :D
Mr. Andersen, you are a wonderful teacher!
Best of all other videos. The host is super clear ! Thank you
you provided the basic informtation in a simple way, that was very helpful. Thanks,
I legit made a RUclips account so i could comment on this. Im watching this video for my Biology 115 exam. You are saving my grade and I thank you very much!!!! Sooooooo helpful
I hope you were the teacher of the year in Montana! Awesome presentation of material. Thanks for your efforts.
you're like my favourite lecturer ever!
I gotta say, this video is awesome. I have final exam tomorrow, and this is super, duper helpful!
The fact that these are still helpful 7 years 😂🤯👌
I am so glad I found you! The way you describe each lesson is so easily understood. I wish you were my teacher instead of the condescending one I have now.
You are an AMAZING present!!!!! LOVE all of your analogies!
I am hoping to get a 5 on my AP Bio test and trying to cover every lurking detail and gain conceptual understanding; your videos do the job!
Thank you for taking something as complex as epigenetics and making it easy to digest, especially for those who do not have a strong grasp on biology or physiology...my undergrad psych students thank you as well :)
Hey Mr Anderson, Thanks a Lot for the Awesome videos... very simple and precise.. The videos are nicely illustrated and clear.. Great work..!!!! Time saving and easy to understand.. Keep up the good work..!!!! :)
Waw, what an explanation, what a presentation! Astonishing!
This man is excellent at explaining relatively complicated topic.brilliant stuff
Thanks for the clear and simplified explanation of a complex process.
Awesome, thank you. I'm studying for exams and our teachers have to make this stuff impossible. This really helps a lot
I have a test in eight hours and this was incredibly helpful. Thanks!
That's really really helpful for me. The concept of epigenetics was very confusing for me before. Now you make it super clear. Thannnnks very very much!
you are making my life so much easier
Sweet. I've been waiting for this video to come out since last year's AP exam.
Awesome video, uploaded just as i needed it
OMG you are the best. You make everything sound so easy.
Amazing videos... I always learn so much! Thank you,Mr. Anderson.
thanks a lot, it's very well explained in a very simple way
my favourite biology lessons are urs..thank you so much
You are awesome. Your lecture videos has been very helpful
Great vídeo! How a dominant allele is selected (ignoring the recesive)? Si it an epigenetic process? Muchas gracias!
Hope it's helpful.It is so helpful that i can't even describe it.Thank you so much for all of your videos.
Excellent video! Thanks
thank you so much this was very helpful in piecing together what my teacher says in class!!!!
thanksss please will continue to increase! Biological explanations for things even more complicated
Thank you. Clear and helpful !
This is Very very helpful. Thank you so much!
Hi Mr. Anderson,
Thank you so much for making these videos! They are very helpful. One question here: the addition of a methyl group to cytosine causes the DNA to lose its affinity to its DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors at that site. Since transcription initiation requires two types of transcription factors (one bind to the TATA box and the other bind to the various regulatory sites of particular genes) to bind to a gene, the transcription factors can no longer bind to the methylated region, which means no mRNA can be formed, hence no polypeptides will be translated? Thank you in advance!
Very well explained. Thanks so much!
Love your videos, I just have a question: How is the epigenome inherited if all the acetyl groups are removed from the gamete DNA?
This was AWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWsome. Nice refresher. Now I can check out Dr. Lipton's video on Epigenetics. Thanks Bozeman!!!
This is a very informative lesson. Thanks a lot.
U r so good at explaining.
So.... lamark was right but he just got it wrong ? :P
Can you please do a podcast on plasmid mapping and protein synthesis? I'm struggling with those in AP bio and your podcasts always help me a lot!
September 20,2022! Thanks so much.
SOOOO awesome!!! LOVE this one!
Very well explained, thanks!
this is really cool and made clear. thanks for the explanation!
Thank you. Very good explanation!
This really helped! Thank you!
Great content! Thank you so much!
OH Thanks so much! Yes! So helpful. You just made this super clear!
I need more! Great video
Very interesting and informative. 🌞
this was such a good explanation
What's the difference between gene regulation (enhancers, promotor region, etc) and epigenetics (methylation, aceytalation, microRNA)?
thank you so much for all of your videos! They are concise, informative and very easy to understand
Yeah, he really did a great explanation. Thanks a lot, I'll look into that. :)
Fantastic lecture!
Great explanation
Cool stuff brother, I explain things very well. I get it better now
excellent explanation, but did he mean by miRNA the noncoding Xist and Tsix, hope anyone replies.
This is really interesting stuff! Thank you for the detailed explanation!
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
@@sondosmakhlouf1334 this particular one? No, lol - I occasionally remember ancient comments of mine tho
Love this dude. Helped me in school now helps with curiosity. I am a college dropout
There's one thing I am confused about. So if the histones are wrapped around our genes, and say you become a smoker (but no one in your family tree extending hundreds of years smoked) and the chemical tag is added to the histones to make that gene become 'expressed', does that mean that the 'smoker gene' is predetermined? In other words, will I have a 'smoking gene' by default that is turned off, but will only be turned on if I smoke?
What about histone methylation? How does that affect DNA packaging and why does it sometimes lead to repressed transcription and sometimes to activated transcription?
Thank you soooo much for all the video you posted. You have helped me and my classmates in ways you may not understand. Please continue to post these video....Can you do one on inheritance patterns,the Molecule of Heredity and the Gene Expression and Regulation?
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
I just wanna know what is the name of software that you made this vedio， thanks！
I love these videos! I'd like to clarify that at the end when he was talking about how if someone's parents have diabetes they are more likely to pass it on to their child, he is referring to Type 2 Diabetes.
People who become overweight and developed Type 2 Diabetes change their epigenetics, while in Type 1 Diabetes there is nothing you can do to prevent it or induce it.
How is lifestyle affecting which genes are expressed? Can u elaborate a bit wrt diabetes?
clear & very simple ,,, thanks very much (Y) :D
so helpful , thank you !
Ok, so the answer to my question boils down to "it's an area of current research". that's both slightly frustrating and exciting.
Thanks for the paper. I'll read that as soon as possible and see whether it's on my level and answers some of my questions. Epigenetics is such an interesting topic.
Omg there are no words...just thank u thank u thank u!!!
3 seconds in ya might as well hit the like button cause this dude ALWAYS does an amazing job
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
So. If yall don’t want to express those particular genes? Are there even career openings in this area bro? Or should i jusr kind of do my own thing?
Terrific lecture video and format. Keep them coming!
(Can I upload my syllabus to you?)
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
oh goodness i hope someone replies before my test, but is methylation reversible or is it only irreversible? there's been videos about demethylation but none with a super clear explanation that i've understood. and i understand that methylation is what keeps one of the two x chromosomes silent in females and becoming fatal, so that makes me wonder if demthylation can ever occur to make that other x chromosome appear once again??
Can someone explain further how epigenetics are inherited? There seems to be no histone acetylation or methylation of the first cells of an embryo because they have no expression of any particular genes yet. How is something like diabetes passed on if gametes, sex cells, and stem cells are undifferentiated and basically a blank slate?
Research has shown that sometimes epigenomes are imprinted within the gametes, yes it is often for the epigenomes to be erased while the gamete is created, but there are some imprints that get passed on. Go search Ted ed
You're the best!!
thank you for the effort ;)
Very good quick video, thank you! Just one queston, can anyone please explain the mechanism by which certain cells determine which portions of the DNA to methylate and which lysine amino acids are acetylated. I find it very interesting how different cell type can identify which portion of the DNA gets unreadable. For example, in a heart cell, how is it determined which portion of the DNA gets methylated and which portion of the histones get acetylated so that only heart cell DNA is expresed? Thank you!!!
If I'm not mistaken, methylation doesn't exclusively deactivate/turn off gene expression. It can also, although far less common, activate/turn it on.
I have a bio midterm tomorrow, and epigenetics is on it... So THANKS :D I am glad you posted this video!
remember ur comment from 8 years ago?
I know too little about this for that comment to be helpful but thanks. (I have no idea what the zone of polarizing activity is in this context.)
If you have time, I'd love to hear a more detailed explanation.
I thought Dna Methylation would lead to increased transcription as it forms areas of " Z DNA". With Z-DNA being more loosely packed wouldn't transcription increase i.e.: euchromatinized genes? any explanation would be helpful
You are amazing thank you!
How do cells make sure that only the right bits are switched on or off? - in both systems.
Also, how do you inherit such switches from your parents? Last time I heard this, you could have a transfer of some such traits by your mother easily but father-side epigenetic traits don't transfer. Is this incorrect?
Cells know where they are in the embryo because of protein gradients. The fertilized egg has proteins that are highest in concentration at one end of the cell and lowest at the other end. When the cell divides, one of the daughters will have less of the protein (the one from the end of the egg at the low concentration side of the gradient) and the other will have more of the protein. These proteins are usually transcription factors, that will turn on new gradients.
can someone tell me what an epigenetic "marker" or "tag" is and how they work?
an example of the epigenetic markers (tags) is the methyl group which can be added to DNA or histone and mainly turns off genes and may turn on other genes
Great video ... now here's a man who understands epi enough to explain the genetics ... any "gut" thoughts on how to reverse epigenetic damage? Are there any suspected or known mediators? Thanks for the intelligence.
I love u man!! , you make my life easy
Facts Mr Anderson 💯
thank you so much;
Hey Mr. Anderson I love you
That's some cool stuff!
I see. So basically, the chance is slimmer but it's there.
I really hope to hear more about Epigenetics on a level that can be taken by non-experts. - All I found on it were either fairly basic explanations around the level of this video or super technical papers way beyond my scope.