I think Trindade Island in Brazil. I knew that place has the last volcanic activity in my country, but did'nt know it has a mantle Hotspot. I always thought it have relation with the Atlantical ridge.
@@ferreiraslva.gabriel yeah bro...the last volcanic active in Brazil ocur more than 100.000 years and probaly form Martin Vaz or occur to new eruption in the Trindade Island, this islands is one but separeded by Atlantic Ocean. The first active of Trindade Hotspot occur in the coast of State of Espirito Santo and the chain have exactly 900km
Love the amount of effort you put into these videos. Citation, information, editing. Really is awesome! So much out of video work too in getting footage
@@GeologyHub Hi, I was wondering if you could answer a question. I live in Oklahoma but have a cabin in Pagosa springs colorado. In pagosa springs there is a natural hot springs. Where did it come from and what is fueling it to produce the hot springs that come up in and around the town?
Great coverage video on hotspots. I am aware of the Hawaiian hotspot but I wasn’t aware that there is so many others here in the Pacific Ocean, with some of them being not too far from the Hawaiian Islands chain. I am also aware that the Hawaiian Islands has been moving NNW towards Japan by several centimeters per year. I❤watching your videos, it saves me tons of time for research. You always seem to be several steps ahead of us with your YT channel being one of the most educational channels on the internet. A big Mahalo to you. ❤
A hot spot series where you went into more depth about each of those hot spots, and what they've done, or the lack of evidence for them would be very interesting. I would also like to know what evidence exists for hot spots that are no longer hot spots. Does that even happen? Could new hot spots form? This topic certainly brings up lots of questions that's for sure.
Thanks for the hot spot list. I've often visited the Canary Islands and climbed the amazing volcanoes of that area. Also flew down from UK to the Cape Verde Islands. Both these hotspots show some spectacular erosion on the older islands. The mountains of Anaga in Tenerife are particularly impressive, as is Santo Antão Island in the Cape Verde chain. Thanks for your great channel.
There's increasing evidence that the Columbia flood basalts are not the first appearance of the Yellowstone hotspot. Instead, the Siletz terrane that accreted to the Pacific Northwest coast during the Eocene is chemically similar to Yellowstone and Columbia flood basalt products and the oceanic plateau onto which they were emplaced is in line with where plate reconstructions would place the Yellowstone hotspot during this time. Interestingly, the Siletz River volcanics of Oregon's Coast Range and northernmost Klamath Mountains, Crescent formation of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, and Metchosin volcanic complex on southern Vancouver Island -- collectively Siletzia/the Siletz terrane -- aren't the only exposed portions of this basalt-covered oceanic plateau, as the Yakutat Terrane in southern Alaska is also considered to have originated from the same volcanisim. Faults then translated the Yakutat terrane northward. The accretion of Siletzia also is believed to have ended the Laramide orogeny --the mountain building episode of the Rocky Mountains and cause the subduction zone to roll back to its present location.
@@kenduncan3221 That may be. Crustal extension in the Basin and Range province is responsible for many regional faults and is believed to have initiated in the region about the time the Yellowstone hotspot re-emerged and the Columbia flood basalts and volcanism along the North Nevada rift, among others, were erupted. Even today, Newberry Volcano lies at the western terminus of the Brothers fault, the northern margin of the Basin and Range in Oregon.
Can you please make a longer video or series of videos discussing each of these mantle hotspots in depth. I am fascinated to know more about these Hotspots.
The most impressive hotspot is for sure the Hawaiian hotspot, because it can be easily seen as an island and seamount chain in a topographic map of the seafloor. It's not the hotspot itself that is moving, but the floor of the Pacific Ocean. It looks like the hotspot moves to southeast, but instead it's the Pacific Ocean crust that moves northwest until it collides with the tectonic plates of Eurasia. So far I understand everything and it's quite logical. Everyone can see that the line goes from the Hawaiian islands to northwest. After thousands of kilometers it suddenly changes its direction and stretches more to the north until reaching the westernmost Aleutian islands. So ... did the Pacific Ocean floor change its movement direction millions of years ago? What might be the reason for such a significant movement change of a whole tectonic plate? Have a nice day 🖐👴
Are the hot spots randomly located? Or is there some rhyme or reason such as the aethenospheric equivalent of Hadley Cells in the atmosphere, or is it more linked to subducted continents or is it a vestige of the Theia Impact or later impacts during the Late Bombardment or something else?
We don't know but there's a fun theory that large asteroid impacts can trigger them on the opposite side of the planet. The evidence for this however isn't strong enough to take 'coincidence' off the table
Can you talk further about this topic, like what happens if mantle uprising in hotspots encounters discontinuities in the crust, etc? Keep us the good work man you are doing great videos!
Nick Zentner (geology teacher with a focus on the Pacific Northwest) seems to think the Yellowstone hotspot existed before the Columbia River basalts. IIRC there are calderas traceable to it that predate the CRBs.
Growing up in Flagstaff, it's awesome to see our town mentioned in terms of volcanic stuff. It is often forgotten in the discussion of historic volcanic activity in America. Fun fact: Scientists estimate that San Francisco mountain used to be a single summit of over 16,000 feet above sea level. Even in spite of the fact the mountain erupted like a supersized Mt. St. Helens, it still has a summit of 12,633 feet. You can also find all kinds of cinder cones, basalt flows, and explorable lava tubes in the region, and some basalt flows have made it as far as the grand canyon in the past.
Basically all of eastern Africa is one giant hotspot, with smaller ones dotting the Sahara. I've seen the models of the mantle in that region. It's no wonder Africa's being split in two. I've noticed that while hotspots can form and exist independent of plate boundaries, most appear to be associated with plate boundaries. Even the Yellowstone hotspot formed at or near the boundary between the North American and Juan de Fuca plate boundary. Iceland is arguably our only active LIP because it's a hotspot associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
@@garyruss3529 Yes, but what's causing the rift zone is a mantle plume literally the size of a continent. The hotspots within the rift zone are just the top of the plume.
Thank you for an awesome job on volcanoes. I look forward to one day being near one that is erupting. I have been very close to Kilauea when it was irrupt Ing. I can’t get enough!
You missed the Australian hotspot. It started in Queensland and slowly moved southward, last erupting in Victoria and South Australia 4,000 - 5,000 years ago. It's currently in Bass Strait off the coast of Tasmania, I believe.
Thanks very much! All excellent information. What about predictions/debunking about what the loss of ice due to climate change will do/other effects and myths etc. as a topic? Also preparedness or not along those lines for the layperson Thanks Again, Best Wishes 👍🏻
You should do a video on the world's largest : Apolaki Caldera, it's just offshore of the Philippines and its about 93 miles in diameter, it was discovered back in 2019
I would love to see you do a video on the Leucite Hills volcanic complex in Southeast Wyoming. What actually created this area and why is it no longer active.
Not all "hot spots" are mantle plumes for example most of the ones in the western USA based on seismic tomography all appear to lie directly above the deep mantle continuation discontinuity which is to the Northwest and the south contiguous with the Juan de Fuca ridge and the Rio Grande rift valley before meandering to the southwest and eventually emerging in the Gulf of California as the East Pacific Rise. Given that this boundary is well defined on both sides down to considerable depth in the mantle with the same triple junction transform and extensional offset structure as the overlying ridge where they overlap so it looks pretty clear that effectively all of those proposed hot spots fall along the boundary zone where North American crust in the lithosphere is over thrust onto the Pacific plate associated mantle with the hotspots preferentially localized at triple Junction type junctions. What that means is more difficult to say but there does appear to be an ongoing paradigm shift towards a model of considerably deeper upper mantle oceanic plates. Notably however there do appear to be hotspots along some oceanic ridges particularly fast spreading ridge structures which in the case of the East Pacific Rise extend very deep into the solid mantle of the planet It would be interesting to see a global comparison between mid ocean ridges do all of them extend deep into the mantle or do only specific ones as I noticed that the ones that do extend deep into the mantle actually have a fairly high number of "hot spots" along them. If there is a discontinuity as deep as the seismic tomography indicates then it is likely a dominant conduit for heat escape from the depths of the planet. The Columbia river flood basalt is now becoming increasingly recognized to not be a "true" flood basalt but rather more of a build up trap of magma beneath a subducted slab, In particular there is Adakite volcanism(which requires higher temperatures to melt the underlying subducting slab) which forms a track continuing backwards in time along the hotspot trajectory and the Siletzia and Yakutat terranes are age consistent as a pre collision volcanic plateau. Notably the Yellowstone hot spot based on seismic tomography appears to lie at the tip of a corner junction notch in the Pacific deep mantle bulk plate Baikal is not an hotspot by your interplate as we can measure the relative drift of the crust on the two sides of the Baikal rift complex and observe that their respective cratonic cores have different tectonic trajectories so its just a "normal" rift boundary with the timing of the onset of rifting matching with the timescale for the major collisional orogenesis of the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau, no hotspots needed. Afar is another plate boundary example though there we know upwelling of a thermal flux consistent with a mantle plume exists and is driving the crustal extension.
I hope you see this but could you do a video on the French Southern & Antarctic Lands, Mainly the volcanoes on Kerguelen Island, Saint Paul Island, (Not the one in Alaska, the one in the Indian Ocean.) & Amsterdam Island volcano?
What about the low intensity hotspot you talked about that is located under the crater lakes in far North Queensland Australia and also more hotspots in Australia? Anyways great video and I hope to hear more about Australian volcanos!
I didn't realize there was that many hotspots on the earth. Thanks for the video. I have a suggestion for a topic I am curious about. Landslide frequency related to climate change.
You said your list of hotspots start with volcanic activity in the last 20 million years ( l listened twice in case you meant 20,000 years, but l heard 20,000,000. Correct me if l am wrong). You missed the hor spot that created the south east south Australian volcanic field ( mount Gambier blue lakes) and the Victorian volcanic fields that include the tower Hill caldera). That hot spot is somewhere to the south either thought to be south of Tasmania or at least in that region. Now if you meant 20,000 years this one misses by about 5,000 years apparently. Either way a video on the two mentioned locations would be interesting. Tower Hill you can drive safely down into the old magma chamber and see the old lava levels.
I love your videos. Thank you so much for making them. By the way, there are areas in Eastern Oregon, and western Idaho where you can literally see where Yellowstone had been. I just love living on earth mother nature is dynamic, and I don’t care what anybody says. You can study every aspect of nature for your whole life and never touch on every organism or type of science.
Its intresting to see us still try to figure out hot spots after all this time. But wasn't yellowstone hot spot creating large igneous provinces in the pacific before it came onshore?
Could you do a video on the least active confirmed Hotspot on earth. It's the opposite of what everyone seems to want always the biggest and baddest. Let's see smallest and calmest
The USGS actually said " Hotspot form over exceptional hot mantle which is the hot, flowing layer of the earth" Good job we have scientists to tell us this HOT🔥 information.
He talked about it in one of the recent news videos. It's likely volcanotectonic in origin, not an indication of a potential eruption in that area in the near future.
I was in the Galápagos Islands last year, but didn’t make the link to it being a hotspot. Regardless, it’s an incredible place where I made unforgettable memories
@GeologyHub is there a mantle hotspot in Pagosa Springs Colorado? In Pagosa there are a few big natural hot springs. Was there a volcano there sometime in the past?
Im surprised at how many there are, and how they are clustered in some areas, not in others. I would have expected them to be evenly distributed around alot more.
I don't think you mentioned Yellowstone in Wyoming, Long Valley in California, the one in Northern New Mexico, or a possible one in central eastern Utah.
I have read that there might be a hotspot forming beneath New York? But is may be several million years before it reaches the surface and who knows where it will be by then.
Does the location of the hotspots correlate to the recently discovered core "plumes" where large bodies of core material have welled up from the core or reside inside the mantle?
Scientists have found large "lumps" of hard (solid) material floating in the lower mantle layers. Could they be responsible for the hot spots around the planet?
can you comment on the Butte mountain range in the Northern Sacramento Valley. It is supposed to be the worlds smallest complete mountain range and is volcanic.
The 'hotspots' must be only intermittently hot going dormant for long periods of time. Otherwise the Hawaiian Islands would be only one long island lowest at the oldest end and highest at the youngest end. Since there are separate Hawaiian Islands that means that the hotspot is inactive for periods of a half million to one million years allowing for separation of the islands. Geologists don't seem to mention this. Why?
You need to learn the difference between hotspot volcanism and subduction volcanism. Arizona volcanism is fed by the subduction of the Farallon Plate. There is also a lot of discussion about whether Yellowstone is a hotspot or from subduction.
I don't know how long volcanic ash can last in the atmosphere, but I have a theory that the ash came from the Cagua volcano in the Philippines, as the time of its last eruption is just one month before the ashfall occurred in Nome, in October of 1907.
The YHS did not _begin its life_ with the CRFB eruptions -- the initial plume head was probably the Siletzia eruptions, 50-something million years ago. That the YHS is that old is the dominant view now, and has been for a decade I think. Definitely not fringe.
Mantle does move in convection currents. Material rises till it hits the crust, spreads out, sideways and eventually sinks. Wash, rinse, repeat...on geologic timescales, that is. Spreading centers (like mid-ocean rifts) mark rising mantle material.
Plates are pushed by spreading centers like the Mid-Atlantic Rift, where new crust is formed, and pulled by subduction zones where crust is consumed. AFAIK, it isn't clear whether one effect is more important than the other. Plates basically float on the mantle.
The movement of the Yellowstone super volcano, has done the same sort of movement as the Hawaiian chain. Moving from Washington, through Oregon, through Idaho, Wyoming, and into Montana, which will have the next super volcano completely inside of Montana, not Wyoming. Similar movement can be seen in and around Indonesia, where the volcanoes have moved, or more precisely either the land has moved, or the volcanoes have drifted, but they are moving to the east, the volcanoes that is. I think I should continue to talk until nobody continues reading this and everybody gets sick of listening to some uneducated, yet studious individual. That ultimately knows absolutely nothing for sure. I wonder if you’re still reading. If so, I encourage you to go out and make a super long response to a video. It’s very self gratifying. There is absolutely zero chance that anybody is going to reach this crap, much less read it. So thanks for Sticking around to see if this will actually take. Anyways, everybody have a wonderful, wonderful, wonderful day/evening/night/morning.
It is of my opinion that the hotspot you are referring to has not produced a volcanic eruption in the last 1 million years. You are referring to the one just north of Tasmania, yes?
I've had a pipe dream for several years about piling a load of nuclear material (enough to melt through the crust like a hot wire through plastic) at locations north of the Great Australian Bight to create a string of volcanic hot spots. The idea was to create a watershed that would force passing cloud to go higher and form rain or snow but recent research has led me to believe volcanoes just don't have the mountain building potential I thought they did. Even big volcanoes (on Earth) are only a few thousand metres and I need tens of thousands.
Which mantle hotspots were you surprised exists/might exist? Which areas of the world were you surprised didn’t have a mantle hotspot?
I think Trindade Island in Brazil. I knew that place has the last volcanic activity in my country, but did'nt know it has a mantle Hotspot. I always thought it have relation with the Atlantical ridge.
The society Hotspot, sounds like a elite club.
@@ferreiraslva.gabriel yeah bro...the last volcanic active in Brazil ocur more than 100.000 years and probaly form Martin Vaz or occur to new eruption in the Trindade Island, this islands is one but separeded by Atlantic Ocean.
The first active of Trindade Hotspot occur in the coast of State of Espirito Santo and the chain have exactly 900km
i'm surprised there's not more along the mid-atlantic rift or italy/mediterranean and the rift in western africa where the continent is separating
I'm always surprised by the lack of hotspots in central asia
Love the amount of effort you put into these videos. Citation, information, editing. Really is awesome! So much out of video work too in getting footage
I am glad that you enjoy my content!
@@GeologyHub Hi, I was wondering if you could answer a question. I live in Oklahoma but have a cabin in Pagosa springs colorado. In pagosa springs there is a natural hot springs. Where did it come from and what is fueling it to produce the hot springs that come up in and around the town?
Great coverage video on hotspots. I am aware of the Hawaiian hotspot but I wasn’t aware that there is so many others here in the Pacific Ocean, with some of them being not too far from the Hawaiian Islands chain.
I am also aware that the Hawaiian Islands has been moving NNW towards Japan by several centimeters per year.
I❤watching your videos, it saves me tons of time for research. You always seem to be several steps ahead of us with your YT channel being one of the most educational channels on the internet.
A big Mahalo to you. ❤
A hot spot series where you went into more depth about each of those hot spots, and what they've done, or the lack of evidence for them would be very interesting. I would also like to know what evidence exists for hot spots that are no longer hot spots. Does that even happen? Could new hot spots form? This topic certainly brings up lots of questions that's for sure.
I read about an inactive, dormant, former, whatever hot spot under Jackson, Mississippi with previous evidence of movement in Kansas.
Thanks for the hot spot list. I've often visited the Canary Islands and climbed the amazing volcanoes of that area. Also flew down from UK to the Cape Verde Islands. Both these hotspots show some spectacular erosion on the older islands. The mountains of Anaga in Tenerife are particularly impressive, as is Santo Antão Island in the Cape Verde chain. Thanks for your great channel.
There's increasing evidence that the Columbia flood basalts are not the first appearance of the Yellowstone hotspot. Instead, the Siletz terrane that accreted to the Pacific Northwest coast during the Eocene is chemically similar to Yellowstone and Columbia flood basalt products and the oceanic plateau onto which they were emplaced is in line with where plate reconstructions would place the Yellowstone hotspot during this time.
Interestingly, the Siletz River volcanics of Oregon's Coast Range and northernmost Klamath Mountains, Crescent formation of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, and Metchosin volcanic complex on southern Vancouver Island -- collectively Siletzia/the Siletz terrane -- aren't the only exposed portions of this basalt-covered oceanic plateau, as the Yakutat Terrane in southern Alaska is also considered to have originated from the same volcanisim. Faults then translated the Yakutat terrane northward.
The accretion of Siletzia also is believed to have ended the Laramide orogeny --the mountain building episode of the Rocky Mountains and cause the subduction zone to roll back to its present location.
Just a thought but the Columbia River Flood Basalts could be the results of when a series of active faults slides over a hotspot.
@@kenduncan3221 That may be. Crustal extension in the Basin and Range province is responsible for many regional faults and is believed to have initiated in the region about the time the Yellowstone hotspot re-emerged and the Columbia flood basalts and volcanism along the North Nevada rift, among others, were erupted. Even today, Newberry Volcano lies at the western terminus of the Brothers fault, the northern margin of the Basin and Range in Oregon.
Can you please make a longer video or series of videos discussing each of these mantle hotspots in depth. I am fascinated to know more about these Hotspots.
The most impressive hotspot is for sure the Hawaiian hotspot, because it can be easily seen as an island and seamount chain in a topographic map of the seafloor.
It's not the hotspot itself that is moving, but the floor of the Pacific Ocean. It looks like the hotspot moves to southeast, but instead it's the Pacific Ocean crust that moves northwest until it collides with the tectonic plates of Eurasia.
So far I understand everything and it's quite logical.
Everyone can see that the line goes from the Hawaiian islands to northwest. After thousands of kilometers it suddenly changes its direction and stretches more to the north until reaching the westernmost Aleutian islands.
So ... did the Pacific Ocean floor change its movement direction millions of years ago? What might be the reason for such a significant movement change of a whole tectonic plate?
Have a nice day 🖐👴
I would bet the Farralon plate getting gobbled up by the North American Plate might have something to do with the direction change.
Hello, I wanted to request a topic about flood basalt from Brazil, called Paraná and Etendeka traps
Are the hot spots randomly located? Or is there some rhyme or reason such as the aethenospheric equivalent of Hadley Cells in the atmosphere, or is it more linked to subducted continents or is it a vestige of the Theia Impact or later impacts during the Late Bombardment or something else?
They are somewhat randomly located.
We don't know but there's a fun theory that large asteroid impacts can trigger them on the opposite side of the planet. The evidence for this however isn't strong enough to take 'coincidence' off the table
Fascinating but the last part was too fast! I'd like hemispheric maps showing the relationships over all. Thanks.
Can you talk further about this topic, like what happens if mantle uprising in hotspots encounters discontinuities in the crust, etc? Keep us the good work man you are doing great videos!
Nick Zentner (geology teacher with a focus on the Pacific Northwest) seems to think the Yellowstone hotspot existed before the Columbia River basalts. IIRC there are calderas traceable to it that predate the CRBs.
Growing up in Flagstaff, it's awesome to see our town mentioned in terms of volcanic stuff. It is often forgotten in the discussion of historic volcanic activity in America.
Fun fact: Scientists estimate that San Francisco mountain used to be a single summit of over 16,000 feet above sea level. Even in spite of the fact the mountain erupted like a supersized Mt. St. Helens, it still has a summit of 12,633 feet. You can also find all kinds of cinder cones, basalt flows, and explorable lava tubes in the region, and some basalt flows have made it as far as the grand canyon in the past.
That's what makes skiing snowbowl so much fun
Excellent video. Gough Island is pronounced as Goff (like tough) rather than 'ow'...
Hi Geo can you discuss the extinct volcanoes on the Australian continent please
I lived in Cabo San Lucas for over 5 years and never heard of the Baja hotspot. Could you cover that please?
Basically all of eastern Africa is one giant hotspot, with smaller ones dotting the Sahara. I've seen the models of the mantle in that region. It's no wonder Africa's being split in two.
I've noticed that while hotspots can form and exist independent of plate boundaries, most appear to be associated with plate boundaries. Even the Yellowstone hotspot formed at or near the boundary between the North American and Juan de Fuca plate boundary. Iceland is arguably our only active LIP because it's a hotspot associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
That's rift zone which he is distinguishing as separate from hot spots in this video.
@@garyruss3529 Yes, but what's causing the rift zone is a mantle plume literally the size of a continent. The hotspots within the rift zone are just the top of the plume.
@@garyruss3529 I was making commentary on WHY Africa is rifting where it is.
Thank you for an awesome job on volcanoes. I look forward to one day being near one that is erupting.
I have been very close to Kilauea when it was irrupt Ing. I can’t get enough!
Very cool.
Had no idea there were so many hot spots!
You missed the Australian hotspot. It started in Queensland and slowly moved southward, last erupting in Victoria and South Australia 4,000 - 5,000 years ago. It's currently in Bass Strait off the coast of Tasmania, I believe.
Thanks very much! All excellent information. What about predictions/debunking about what the loss of ice due to climate change will do/other effects and myths etc. as a topic?
Also preparedness or not along those lines for the layperson
Thanks Again, Best Wishes 👍🏻
You should do a video on the world's largest : Apolaki Caldera, it's just offshore of the Philippines and its about 93 miles in diameter, it was discovered back in 2019
I would love to see you do a video on the Leucite Hills volcanic complex in Southeast Wyoming. What actually created this area and why is it no longer active.
Arizona doesn't surprise me at all. I live in Kingman, and you've talked about the volcanism and roadcuts there in past videos. :)
i live in central AZ just south of black mesa and Joe’s Hill .
Very concise. Nicely done.
I live in the Nass valley in British Columbia about 30 Km away from the Tseax cone and the Nisga’a memorial lava beds.
Great video. It would be fun if the 1 off Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlottes) would break the surface. Also, I noticed there were none in the Arctic Ocean.
Thanks for....Nice videos
Not all "hot spots" are mantle plumes for example most of the ones in the western USA based on seismic tomography all appear to lie directly above the deep mantle continuation discontinuity which is to the Northwest and the south contiguous with the Juan de Fuca ridge and the Rio Grande rift valley before meandering to the southwest and eventually emerging in the Gulf of California as the East Pacific Rise. Given that this boundary is well defined on both sides down to considerable depth in the mantle with the same triple junction transform and extensional offset structure as the overlying ridge where they overlap so it looks pretty clear that effectively all of those proposed hot spots fall along the boundary zone where North American crust in the lithosphere is over thrust onto the Pacific plate associated mantle with the hotspots preferentially localized at triple Junction type junctions. What that means is more difficult to say but there does appear to be an ongoing paradigm shift towards a model of considerably deeper upper mantle oceanic plates.
Notably however there do appear to be hotspots along some oceanic ridges particularly fast spreading ridge structures which in the case of the East Pacific Rise extend very deep into the solid mantle of the planet It would be interesting to see a global comparison between mid ocean ridges do all of them extend deep into the mantle or do only specific ones as I noticed that the ones that do extend deep into the mantle actually have a fairly high number of "hot spots" along them. If there is a discontinuity as deep as the seismic tomography indicates then it is likely a dominant conduit for heat escape from the depths of the planet.
The Columbia river flood basalt is now becoming increasingly recognized to not be a "true" flood basalt but rather more of a build up trap of magma beneath a subducted slab, In particular there is Adakite volcanism(which requires higher temperatures to melt the underlying subducting slab) which forms a track continuing backwards in time along the hotspot trajectory and the Siletzia and Yakutat terranes are age consistent as a pre collision volcanic plateau. Notably the Yellowstone hot spot based on seismic tomography appears to lie at the tip of a corner junction notch in the Pacific deep mantle bulk plate
Baikal is not an hotspot by your interplate as we can measure the relative drift of the crust on the two sides of the Baikal rift complex and observe that their respective cratonic cores have different tectonic trajectories so its just a "normal" rift boundary with the timing of the onset of rifting matching with the timescale for the major collisional orogenesis of the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau, no hotspots needed. Afar is another plate boundary example though there we know upwelling of a thermal flux consistent with a mantle plume exists and is driving the crustal extension.
You could almost do this list to the tune “we didn’t start the fire”. Would be fitting. Fire 🔥 haha
I hope you see this but could you do a video on the French Southern & Antarctic Lands, Mainly the volcanoes on Kerguelen Island, Saint Paul Island, (Not the one in Alaska, the one in the Indian Ocean.) & Amsterdam Island volcano?
I never realized Pitcairn was volcanic. Thank you.
Are your kml files available anywhere?
What about the low intensity hotspot you talked about that is located under the crater lakes in far North Queensland Australia and also more hotspots in Australia? Anyways great video and I hope to hear more about Australian volcanos!
can we find them using seismic sensors and IR?
[probably not that easy i guess]
I didn't realize there was that many hotspots on the earth. Thanks for the video. I have a suggestion for a topic I am curious about. Landslide frequency related to climate change.
You said your list of hotspots start with volcanic activity in the last 20 million years ( l listened twice in case you meant 20,000 years, but l heard 20,000,000. Correct me if l am wrong).
You missed the hor spot that created the south east south Australian volcanic field ( mount Gambier blue lakes) and the Victorian volcanic fields that include the tower Hill caldera).
That hot spot is somewhere to the south either thought to be south of Tasmania or at least in that region.
Now if you meant 20,000 years this one misses by about 5,000 years apparently.
Either way a video on the two mentioned locations would be interesting.
Tower Hill you can drive safely down into the old magma chamber and see the old lava levels.
I love your videos. Thank you so much for making them.
By the way, there are areas in Eastern Oregon, and western Idaho where you can literally see where Yellowstone had been. I just love living on earth mother nature is dynamic, and I don’t care what anybody says. You can study every aspect of nature for your whole life and never touch on every organism or type of science.
Its intresting to see us still try to figure out hot spots after all this time. But wasn't yellowstone hot spot creating large igneous provinces in the pacific before it came onshore?
I don't know how he puts out so much quality content so quickly. It's amazing.
I love the videos you do an awesome job you don't waste time and very informational thank you for sharing
Could you do a video on the least active confirmed Hotspot on earth. It's the opposite of what everyone seems to want always the biggest and baddest. Let's see smallest and calmest
The USGS actually said " Hotspot form over exceptional hot mantle which is the hot, flowing layer of the earth" Good job we have scientists to tell us this HOT🔥 information.
What do you thinkin swarm close Teide at Canarias sea between island
He talked about it in one of the recent news videos. It's likely volcanotectonic in origin, not an indication of a potential eruption in that area in the near future.
I was in the Galápagos Islands last year, but didn’t make the link to it being a hotspot. Regardless, it’s an incredible place where I made unforgettable memories
@GeologyHub is there a mantle hotspot in Pagosa Springs Colorado? In Pagosa there are a few big natural hot springs. Was there a volcano there sometime in the past?
Awesome video, just really interesting information!! I live in southeast idaho and was wondering if the Craters of the Moon counted as a hotspot?
What about the New England hotspot?
I would really enjoy a video about the Wells Gray/ Clearwater Volcanic field
Question for a geologist: What is the best theory for the Cameroon Line volcanoes? Is it a hotspot or something else? Would be a great video study.
It may not be a hotspot but volcanism has moved north in New Zealand, from Dunedin to Oamaru to Akaroa and maybe farther on as the plate keeps going
Can you do a video on the subject of batholiths? I’m particularly interested in the Chilliwack Batholith in the north cascades
Im surprised at how many there are, and how they are clustered in some areas, not in others. I would have expected them to be evenly distributed around alot more.
How does hotspots form, Like do they randomly appear or have they always been there? how long does it take for them to be created?
They are caused by Outer core/Mantle convection which in itself is caused by the Earth's rotation.
Haha, now do them all in a fast-paced catchy song like Yakko Warner.
Didn’t realize there were so many hotspots.
I don't think you mentioned Yellowstone in Wyoming, Long Valley in California, the one in Northern New Mexico, or a possible one in central eastern Utah.
You missed the Eastern Australian hotspot (which most recently erupted at Mount Gambier about 6000 years ago).
What's up with the Baikal hotspot? Never heard about it and I can't find any information about it
I have read that there might be a hotspot forming beneath New York? But is may be several million years before it reaches the surface and who knows where it will be by then.
Great content as always, but have you ever considered decaf?
I thought there was another Hotspot on the American side of the Atlantic Ridge with seamounts trailing South East from Cape Cod?
Does the location of the hotspots correlate to the recently discovered core "plumes" where large bodies of core material have welled up from the core or reside inside the mantle?
We're their any possible hot spots in the northeast US?
I figure a hot spot under Flag Staft, I have seen Sunset Crator.
Is there a hot spot beneath Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas?
Can we tell if any "New" mantel plums are forming?
Scientists have found large "lumps" of hard (solid) material floating in the lower mantle layers. Could they be responsible for the hot spots around the planet?
Do you mean slab graveyards? There is some speculation about it but I don't think there's any conclusive evidence that they cause hot spots yet.
can you comment on the Butte mountain range in the Northern Sacramento Valley. It is supposed to be the worlds smallest complete mountain range and is volcanic.
The 'hotspots' must be only intermittently hot going dormant for long periods of time. Otherwise the Hawaiian Islands would be only one long island lowest at the oldest end and highest at the youngest end. Since there are separate Hawaiian Islands that means that the hotspot is inactive for periods of a half million to one million years allowing for separation of the islands. Geologists don't seem to mention this. Why?
Re: 1:13 why are some parts of the mantle hotter than the others?
You need to learn the difference between hotspot volcanism and subduction volcanism. Arizona volcanism is fed by the subduction of the Farallon Plate. There is also a lot of discussion about whether Yellowstone is a hotspot or from subduction.
I don't know how long volcanic ash can last in the atmosphere, but I have a theory that the ash came from the Cagua volcano in the Philippines, as the time of its last eruption is just one month before the ashfall occurred in Nome, in October of 1907.
We need more lava.
The list of hotspots was very interesting, but presented too fast
The YHS did not _begin its life_ with the CRFB eruptions -- the initial plume head was probably the Siletzia eruptions, 50-something million years ago.
That the YHS is that old is the dominant view now, and has been for a decade I think. Definitely not fringe.
I want to take a team to the Navajo Reservation
Because Dilkon Arizona's "Hill" looks a strange like a little too much of a Volcano
there was volcanism over large areas of Northern AZ and New Mexico .
Lots of great information presented much too quickly!
Generally the hotspots made sense. So many was very surprising.
Why do the tectonic plates move? Seems like it can't be just inertia. Isn't it weird that the plates move if the mantle underneath doesn't?
Mantle does move in convection currents. Material rises till it hits the crust, spreads out, sideways and eventually sinks. Wash, rinse, repeat...on geologic timescales, that is. Spreading centers (like mid-ocean rifts) mark rising mantle material.
Plates are pushed by spreading centers like the Mid-Atlantic Rift, where new crust is formed, and pulled by subduction zones where crust is consumed. AFAIK, it isn't clear whether one effect is more important than the other. Plates basically float on the mantle.
Can you make a song where you sing all of the hotspots all over the world?
So does this mean you've located the literal "smoking gun" around Flag now? I'd love to help if you are actively searching
What would happen if a hot spot meet an oil pocket?
Large portions of Arizona are covered with large black volcanic rock.
around here it’s the Hickey formation. most of the volcanoes in AZ have nothing to do with hotspots at least to my knowledge
So is the lord Howe island hotspot extinct then?
You forgot the eastern Australian hotspot i think
The movement of the Yellowstone super volcano, has done the same sort of movement as the Hawaiian chain. Moving from Washington, through Oregon, through Idaho, Wyoming, and into Montana, which will have the next super volcano completely inside of Montana, not Wyoming. Similar movement can be seen in and around Indonesia, where the volcanoes have moved, or more precisely either the land has moved, or the volcanoes have drifted, but they are moving to the east, the volcanoes that is. I think I should continue to talk until nobody continues reading this and everybody gets sick of listening to some uneducated, yet studious individual. That ultimately knows absolutely nothing for sure. I wonder if you’re still reading. If so, I encourage you to go out and make a super long response to a video. It’s very self gratifying. There is absolutely zero chance that anybody is going to reach this crap, much less read it. So thanks for Sticking around to see if this will actually take. Anyways, everybody have a wonderful, wonderful, wonderful day/evening/night/morning.
Cool. Or the opposite thereof.
What about England? Bath
And no one taps these hotspots to generate electricity?
You forgot long valley in California.
🌏
& where was Canada?
It's not Threen-day-d hotspot, the pronunciation is Threen-dah-de.
u missed the hotspot in australia
It is of my opinion that the hotspot you are referring to has not produced a volcanic eruption in the last 1 million years. You are referring to the one just north of Tasmania, yes?
oh my bad i was a little over *in time line/earth age scence*
It's earth's bowels, ask Roger @Mudfossill University.
When I grow up I want to be a hot spot.
I've had a pipe dream for several years about piling a load of nuclear material (enough to melt through the crust like a hot wire through plastic) at locations north of the Great Australian Bight to create a string of volcanic hot spots. The idea was to create a watershed that would force passing cloud to go higher and form rain or snow but recent research has led me to believe volcanoes just don't have the mountain building potential I thought they did. Even big volcanoes (on Earth) are only a few thousand metres and I need tens of thousands.