What model of the universe do you think is correct? Big thanks to Ridge for sending me this wallet and supporting the channel! Here’s the site if you want to check them out! ridge.com/astrum/
What about a combination of all three? We see space as flat; however, we've also observed that it has spherical properties, yet everything seems to be moving away from each other... This only seems plausible within an unobserved hyperbolic universe. Thanks for coming to my TedTalk. 😹❤
I'd like to side with you on this one, with your theory at the very end. All three at once. (Mostly just cause it sounds paradoxical, and paradoxes are fun.)
“Flat” For me space isn’t a ‘thing’ it just is. Matter is all there actually is. Einstein hasn’t done us a favour talking about ‘bending’ space time in my humble opinion.
@@veronica_._._._ Hehe I see what you did there. It can't be far off though it's computer generated images with correct parameters entered and I recall an astrophysicist on PBS using a geodesic as an example of what outward curvature space would look like. So you can call it an educated guess even from a cynical point of view.
Other excellent channels I’d like to recommend that explore the same themes and provides the same asmr type of feeling, are John Michael Godier, SEA and Cool Worlds.
Your contribution to the education of us all puts me in mind of Carl Sagan. You instinctively understand the need for visual representation and explain complex concepts in such a remarkably transparent way. Much richer than "The universe is like a balloon and we're all on the surface of it," which is how it was taught to me.
I'm glad I was able to give my thoughts to everyone. The hardest part was the effort it took to get to where anyone would take me seriously. I've always seen things differently yet clearly. I'm a designer and so communication of complicated ideas in an intuitive way 🙃 well, I love all you. And am gracious people were willing to listen. I've offered a lot. And the goal was to educate people, to demonstrate that we are smarter than we believe. In fact we can reinforce good things innour minds. people are coming together under a common understanding that we are all part of everyone and everyone is part of everything. We, therefore have a responsibility with what we do, what we say. Hopefully everything I've done helps the world fight the controversy. We can find a way to compromise for a better future.
@@thej3799 Did you produce this video? Or, did you help in its construction? Is that what you are referring to? I wasn't sure if I understood it correctly.
My parents and I love space, and we also discuss and throw around ideas. One was that our universe is inside a single black hole, and that black hole we call a universe is inside another universe, so on and so forth.
Not inside. An event horizon of a 5th dimension black hole would have a 4 dimensional event horizon. Project this down to 3d and 4th is experienced linearly.
Did you know that scientists have calculated the diameter of a black hole with the mass of the known universe in it, and the diameter nearly matched our visible universe? Not a coincidence!
I think hyperbolic makes the most sense, especially when you consider the universe's fractal nature. Like you said, you open one door and two more appear.
@@factormars4339 nothing, as you go across the hyperbolic plane different types of energies and matter will be encountered some which we may not yet be aware of but for us at least and the way we can interpret the universe at this point in time space is infinite.
@@factormars4339 maybe. Just my opinion. I think what's "outside" is currently beyond our comprehension. We don't even understand our observable universe yet.
@@jamespostle6894 exactly, and we will never fully understand the universe because WE are the universe, like a galaxie or a star, we are a little part of the matter of this beautiful thing.
This subject frightens me more than any iceberg video, more than any horror film or jump cut. The ideas discussed here just leave me reeling. Thinking about it I get the same feeling I got, when as a kid it dawned on me that everyone, including me would die at some point, it's a feeling of loss of control, that everything you know doesn't mean a damn, it's just an awful feeling that's so hard to describe.
Just do what I do and realize it's pretty much guess work. My guess is when telescopes get powerful enough, we'll spot another universe heading towards us and there is no end! Just like we see galaxies colliding with the help of our current telescopes.
Consider the musings of Alan Watts. Perhaps you (we) are not just what is in our bag of skin, but rather what the universe as a whole is simply doing at our point in space and time, that we are all an extension of this giant mass just as a blood cell is an extension of the whole human body. It switches your perspective.
Since so-called parallel universes interest me the most, I go for finite. Our universe could still be one of these shapes that even change over time. The forces involved in parallel universes could easily influence not only the shape but significant characteristics especially if they touch ours at version points in time.
@@whiteape2714 You say they are a "fairy tale", but there is evidence that back them up as absolute possibilities. You could even argue that an infinite universe, depending on how inflation occurs and the quantum fields separate, itself is able to be considered a multiverse. There are many theories that have more assumptions than others, but there are many that are backed up while having fewest assumptions.
this video had a lot of things put in the wrong words, and if someone knows more than nothing about the subject it probable leaves them more confused than when they started.
Space if facinating but can be overwhelming: the expansion of the universe is accelerating, meaning that with time, future observers will think they are more "alone". Right now, we can see other galaxys. But in a distant future, the "edge" of the observable universe won't let those observers see beyond their own galaxy. And so on.
What scares me when thinking of this is how there are different infinitys inside of infinity. So at someone point everything would lead to its own infinity state within the ever changing infinity. The universe is weird and scary to try to comprehend.
@@deusexaethera fear is relative. it does not have a set definition on what is and isn’t scary because everybody experiences it differently and to different things. the topic can make some people scared and some people joyous. everyone is different. nice try tho.
@@deusexaethera sounds like you're describing a cat. But Im not pointing out my basic fears, I'm pointing to my fear of an existential crisis trying to explain everything. Maybe one day you'll be intelligent enough to understand higher concepts.
I like a mix of all of them. Like a stretchy trash bag being filled planets and all kinds of matter. The lining of the trash bag itself is the gravity and those converging lines you talked about. Which is why when you have more stuff ( mass) at one spot you have a tighter bag (gravity) at that spot.
Actually it is possible to have a convex topology where lines can't be parallel but also don't intersect: A toroid, aka a donut. Lines attempting to be parallel along the surface of a toroidal topology will move closer together and then further away again, but will not intersect as long as they were truly parallel at their starting location.
@@SlyNine : Not if the lines are straight. (and straight lines are the only kind of true lines in mathematics.) Consider lines of latitude on a globe. They run parallel to each other, but they can only do so because they're continuously curving. You can't walk in a straight line and follow a line of latitude, except exactly at the equator. If you look at lines of longitude you can see what happens to truly straight lines running along a curved surface.
Whenever I was thinking of the universe and where it ends or what is it there, after this universe, I've always imagined it as a blank space. But then I was wondering where does this blank space end and if it's infinite how is it possible for space to be infinite? How does infinite look like? How can something go in forever? We humans know that whenever there's a beginning there must be an end. I will never comprehend it.
It reminds me when i was told infinity doesnt exist and everything has an end. I thought what about the universe? If theres nothing outside the universe, Then whats outside that nothing? And whats outside the outside?
I understand the blank space perspective. But unless there is "space" outside of a confined universe, you have to try and imagine the concept of nothing. It isn't impossible to conceive of, but it is a bit tricky. For me, I perceive it by trying to avoid noticing my mind's eye or perspective on the concept. Infinite spaces can be in confined areas, this is called a supertask. There can be a multiverse where many of these exist in a extraversal space that may or may not have rules, dimensions, etc... But my personal view? There are other universes, they are not able to be traversed across as they do not intersect. Assuming literally nothing exists out of them, you could argue that they are either separate or living parallel, effectively in the same place. Like if we were stuck on a 2d surface but attempt to move 3 dimensionally, translated to the universe including it's laws and all forms of influence.
Humans cant even comprehend a beginning or end. If there was a beginning to our universe what came before it and if theres an end whats after? If the universe didnt have a beginning how did we reach this point when its already existed for an eternity? Our brains just arent developed enough to comprehend paradoxes like these so we fill the gaps with sci fi like spacetime or religion.
Say; When the universe was born, The laws of physics and time most likely were made when the universe was made, The before and after most likely have foreign laws/no laws and we cant comprehend that because we are bound/accustomed to the laws present in our current universe.
Since there is no time in space, there was never a beginning or end. The human brain is a finite organism that cannot comprehend infinity. When you look at Max Planck and inject consciousness into science, it all starts to make sense.
The proverbial "educational video" that asks a lot of questions, but leaves you with that, "Ok, but I'm not really sure I actually learned anything" feeling
Yeah, videos are popular but not really that great to show science. There are video games in non-Euclidean geometries (HyperRogue is free with various 2D and 3D geometries), and books of course. Also there are other videos too (the CodeParade video they took some scenes from is good, or the ExtraCredits video about non-Euclidean geometry, but this is more about history).
True but also, these videos are redundant. There's no new info about the universe's size, etc. No new discoveries about it. We're all just guessing. There's really no way to know.
Perhaps I have misunderstood, but when describing the accretion disk surrounding the black hole, the narrator said that we were "seeing both the >top and bottom< of the disk at the same time"... Surely, what he meant was that we were seeing both the >nearside and the far-side< of the disk at the same time? The light from the accretion disk is bent in just the same way that the sun bends light from transiting stars, but far more acutely.... If the light was being bent so drastically that we were able to see both the top and the bottom of the ring simultaneously, would we not then see the >SAME< direction of rotation reflected in both images... i.e. instead of the rotation appearing to smoothly follow a single direction (as demonstrated in the video... (First to the right and then to the left, making a flawless transition))... What we should see is BOTH upper and lower images travelling in the >SAME< direction and meeting together on the right, hand side, only to reappear "like magic" on the left hand side to repeat the cycle. Thoughts? Cheers!
I get that the universe can't be endlessly expanding in all directions from all points of view, but that doesn't rule out the possibility that the universe does have a centre Somewhere, and everything expands ever outward from that one point, we just don't know where it is... am I wrong? Anyway thank you Alex once again for explaining everything so beautifully even my unscientific brain can understand it, your work is wonderful, I hope you never stop.
But it can be expanding from all points of view and that is what it appears to be doing. Think about putting some dots on the surface of a balloon and then inflating the balloon. Every dot will move away from every other dot. The center is not on the surface of the balloon. So applying that to our universe, space is the surface and the center would be in some extra dimensional space that we can't access.
@@davidkopp4291 The thing I defy anyone to get their heads around is that the universe was infinite, but prior to the Big bang, point like in it's infinity. Infinite and infinitely dense feels like a more satisfactory sounding description, but that also has some major flaws.
The original mid point would expand because of inflaton. So everywhere would be that center. We could still be a singularity mid point, but all of its space expanded, so from "inside" it could look bigger and bigger. Like Dr Who's machine. An inner space bigger than the actual point this universe might be.
your thumbnail is how i imagine it looks from the other side of each 'black' hole, (inside out universe kinda) with not necessarily white surroundings, but immensely bright surroundings and unimaginable energy, and maybe surrounded by other 'black' holes corresponding to each ones perspective of/in the universe. just thought i'd share, just a fun thought
What's so interesting - and difficult - about determining the shape of the universe, is that we can only rely on _light_ to _see_ what's out there. Light, however, can only follow along the lines of space. We cannot _see_ space, but space _can_ be warped as evidenced by black holes. I'm truly curious if there's something out there that will allow us to observe beyond what we can see, smell, touch, hear and taste. This is what makes science so fun for me, and why I love physics in general. Thanks for this brainteaser!
If you look around youtube there are some good videos showing how anything interesting that propagates faster than light necessarily breaks causality so I wouldn't hold out much hope for that.
Astrium, thank you for your content. I have been learning a lot and keeping myself informed about space with your channel. Love the thumbnail as well! Infinity plus infinity! 😂
Thank you Astrum. Can you please make a video on how humans would leave earth for one of the moons of jupiter or uranus or neptune in the event of red giant sun (mastering nuclear fusion technology for interstellar travel)
A mote of dust floating around the unkempt room of a brooding teenaged alien. Imagine if they turn the light on and we're faced with an eyeball of universal proportions, as aware of us as we would be to a dust particle in our own scale :o
There is another even more exotic possibility! The curvature of space need not be uniformly curved in all localities. Certain localities can be convergent, while others are divergent.
Your videos is absolutely awesome, you explain very good and the scenery and animations are beautiful. This topic is one of my top intrest. I like the idea of the hyperbolic shape, is make the most sense to me. Cause of that everything is getting curved by gravity.
Hyperbolic is my vote. Perhaps something conical in shape or similar. I like to think this structure is finite and has a bottom edge all matter is racing toward. This edge slows and changes the course of all that cross it and send it hurtling back to a singularity.
Basically. We don’t know… but it’s fascinating seeing the theories come out & then experiments and science evolve to prove/disprove these theories as we go.
I bet that if you had some sort of impossible ship which could physically travel at infinite speed, that when you reached the edge of the expanding universe, you would just never be able to reach it, it would just always be in front of you, but just barely out of reach.
Dude these videos are fun to listen to stoned and its just cool. Ill be honest i think all 3 universe models are accurate. There is to much to the universe for us to be able to say anything conclusive about it.
the first law of thermodynamcs (aka the law of conservation of energy) says *everything* that needs to be said about the Universe - it wasn't created, it will not end and it has no boundaries, at any level, in any way
Ive frequently thought we may have traveled (in the past) through a black hole, that they are recyclers of nature, and what we see is a view of (infinite times?) this. Ive also pondered if our idea of red-shift could be caused by gravitational lensing from our own galaxy expanding, making it only seem that things are heading away from us, which in fact the opposite may be true (or they are going nowhere, or collapsing even). What your sharing, makes it seem so much more plausible that we may indeed have been sucked through some kind of black hole, and came out a singlarity, and this may also help shed light on what a singularity is. Maybe all we need to do is look up to see what a singularity looks like from its ejection point. Maybe a singllarity is just what we are all in, seeing things from the mirrored side of the end effect of being on the otherside, e.g. singularity being what we are experiencing now.
Mass off setting the hyperbolic curvature of space... That is indeed an interesting way of looking at it. Maybe you're onto something there, afterall matter and gravity do seem at least to be properties inalienable to each other and seemingly only the way they are due to the simple presence of space to begin with.
Wouldn't our universe itself have mass? What would be outside of it? Our universe could be a mass being entered into another hyperbolic timeline and causing the same effect as what you explained.
Draw a circle around what you know. Now draw a circle around that... So long as we are here we by the nature of ourselves in the context of the fundamental nature of the universe we will always be and can only understand "inside". Conceptually infinite. Bound between ideas of converging and diverging infinities.
@@thej3799 Or, one can imagine that the universe expands at a finite speed (even though this speed might be accelerating, it is still finite). One can also imagine that it has only been doing this since the Big Bang, so a finite amount of time. Finite speed * finite time = finite size. There is no infinite in nature, only finite. Infinity is a mathematical concept, not one in reality.
The vast expanse of space is the only thing that truly terrifies me because we don't physically know what's at the end. For all we know our universe can be behind a bookshelf like in interstellar.
@@Alex-vf5yw acceptance has no importance I feel. I mean people just live. In the end acceptance or not, we are all doomed. Why even bother with that word. Lol. Like in the end whatever you may think you are making meaningful is not.
The world is actually held up by 4 elephants The elephants are standing on a very large turtle The turtle is standing on another very large turtle. From there it’s turtles all the way down. This proving space time is actually curved as the turtles are actually standing on themselves. I don’t know why it took me so long to come to this conclusion. Great video. Thanks for clearing that up in my mind 🤠
If the universe is expanding, how could it be infinite? If the universe is bigger today than it was yesterday, it is not infinite. They say at the moment of the Big Bang, the universe was infinitely small, so which day did it change from infinitely small to infinitely big? Remember galaxies aren’t flying away from us, the space between us is expanding. Is there anything outside of our universe we are expanding into? I doubt we will ever know.
@@alphagt62 the first one doesn't make sense. The universe is still infinite, just a bigger infinity. Just like how you can fit an infinite amount of decimal numbers in between 0 and 1, but there are also an infinite amount of whole numbers. The latter is a larger infinity than the former. But both are still infinities. Infinities are weird concepts like that...
Great great GREAT video!!! Wonderful theories, and “theoretical combination of theories “!!! The thought of hyperbolic space answering the dark energy/dark matter conundrum is fascinating!! Keep up the great work!!!
i agree with your final point that the 3 theories are likely working in tandem. the fact that we can postulate the theory of hyperbolic space based on the evidence in front of us shows it’s a possibility that we just can’t prove yet. and we’ve learnt over time that our perception isn’t perfect, it’s at the mercy of the reality we find ourselves in. like the visualization from one of your older videos about a man in a solid walled box flying through the vacuum of space not being able to really tell with certainty that they’re moving at all. we may just be inside the box with no way to break through the wall yet, being limited to what we can see from our limited point of view. it’s all a bit overwhelming to think about when you’re just a hobbyist like me hah hopefully i don’t just sound like an idiot pretending to be smart hahahah
Two important points: 1. There is a difference between the shape of spacetime and the shape of space. 2. Our best measurements show that space is either flat or extremely close to it. Unfortunately this video neglected to mention these very important facts.
I like the hyperbolic theory. It explains away dark energy, which feels like lazy astronomy to me. It's like when archaeologists can't explain something so they wave their hands around and say "It must be ritualistic".
But you would still need to explain with the theory why it only actually started to be hyperbolic 5 billion years ago? Surely if the cosmos were naturally hyperbolic that expansion would have been there from the beginning?
@@CountScarlioni Maybe it's always been hyperbolic, but the hyperbolic shape only became apparent once the universe grew large enough? On some scales, it's impossible to see the shape of something until you're far enough away. I'm not an astrophysicist - I'm probably wrong about all of this. It just feels logical.
My favorite explanation of hyperbolic spaces comes from a devlog by CodeParade for his game hyperbolica, would recommend checking it out if you are still having trouble understanding hyperbolic space. I just watched a bit later into the video and saw that you used footage from that game lmao
Your arguments for 4D hyperspace are very convincing. I, in particular like your explanation of the galaxys moving away from each other, being a result of them following naturally curved hyperbolic lines. I've never liked the idea of dark energy, or dark matter. The whole concept just seems ad hoc and ignorantly unnecessary. "We can't explain what we observe, so we are going to posit something greater that we cannot explain" This explanation also goes against Occam's razor.
From a perspective in which the universe is infinite, you can't imagine the singularity as a point only, you'd need rather to imagine the evolution of the Big Bang from the singularity until the present moment as a change of density of the universe, and therefore of entropy.
When you first saw an object. Like say you observe a new car. Now, the car essentially was non existing in your world. Now it is. Pretend you're part of the car. What would it be like for that part to suddenly "be" Now in the world- your mental construct- the universe as you know it..? 🌻
A closed universe isn't infinite. But it is still effectively infinite if it expands faster than the speed of light, which is what we deduce from the red shift of galaxies. i.e. the universe can have a finite volume at any given moment and yet not even light could ever get back to its starting point.
Not sure if related, but here's some food for thought. We can see some interesting parallels on smaller scales too. like the way light waves spread out like a wave, hyperbolic. Or travel in a straight line. Particle. We have not noticed a third scenario where energy implodes into itself, however. But theoretically, photons would collapse into black holes on the Planck scale. The energy required to measure one plank unit is precisely the amount necessary to form a black hole, consisting of a single photon. That concept helps define a minimum particle size, spatial resolution, and maximum frequency or granularity for light. And also highlights the tautological limitation of electromagnetic energy's dependence on electromagnetic energy to measure itself. It is self-fulfilling, self-verifying, or perhaps self-deceiving.
I can’t really wrap my head around things like this. It starts with the start. The fact that there might only be matter at all because there was slightly more of it than there was anti matter. And then the whole idea of infinity or containment. If the universe is not infinite, what’s around it then. And maybe idk, maybe we are with all our universe just a particle just like an electron in yet another universe. I don’t understand existence. But no matter all the theories and models and even the reality of everything, what strikes me BY FAR the most is life itself. Life is not abundant in space. At least not as abundant as matter and forces. Life is so precious and fragile and it is even limited and tied to the dimension of time. Even thinking about life itself is mindblowing. Hoe many circumstances are needed for life to form and thrive. And we are experiencing it. We are more than matter and forces. We can SEE and FEEL all the universe and even more than that. We have free minds with the ability to think and even to imagine what we never saw. Life is trielt terrific 😢❤
"For any number that you can name, I can come up with a number that is at least one larger." - Oh yeah? How about one million? "One million and one." - ...You win this round, Astrum.
I've been wondering if the acceleration of the galaxies away from each other is because we're all being drawn towards the drain... like bubbles in a tub. Those closer to the hole move faster and are compressed by the mass of the hole. When you're in one of those compressed galaxies, it doesn't look like all of the starts and molecules are smaller, but everything else seems to be accelerating away in every direction.
7:35 The essential thing to recognize here is:" ... that I cannot comprehend any of it; though I will try until I die. I especially don't understand looking at the back of your head since you are looking out over a sphere in this explanation and how can you see out beyond where it curves? (while looking along the same curve) You cannot. Unless you are a hose moving through it...or around it...following that curve...or whatever~ maybe "looking" at the back of your head is the wrong terminology.
I don’t know much about physics so i have no clue whether this would work but i like the concept of the universe existing on the surface of an expanding hypersphere
I'll see if the elders left any clues haha I have a feeling fractal space and wormholes make sense together. It's like the twisting space has bubbles that pop and release space pressure.
Even if it was infinite, it would still have a boundary. Just like your example pattern, it is possible to have infinity inside a boundary, and the universe, even if it was infinite, would still have a boundary given the Big Bang happened. PBS space time did a really good explanation of this.
The thing I’m thinking about now, is that this makes me thing the universe is hyperbolic. Mass creates a converging lines of space, keeping heavy mass areas (such as galaxy’s or galaxy clusters on larger scales) together, and less dense regions of space being dominated by the default hyperbolic space curvature. Explaining the receding galaxies and clusters. Maybe explaining dark energy?? Dark energy simply being the way that the universe is curved hyperbolically? Mass being what warps space to keep things together? I’m sure there is heavy math behind this that I don’t understand that would prove this wrong… but from everything I’ve done research on this seems feasible
The way you describe the universe in terms of bent time causing movement clicked everything into place for me. I believe our universe is as you say, possibly a combination of spherical and hyperbolic. There is a finite amount of matter and energy that seem infinite, but that's only because spacetime is hyperbolic and actually infinite. This would make it look as if space is expanding because all galaxies are moving away from each other. Matter, on the other hand, seems to drag spacetime with it and normalize the grid using gravity to make spacetime bend spherically. If two bodies of matter are a sufficiently far apart, the hyperbolic spacetime takes over and pushes them further apart into infinity. In this way, the only thing expanding outward is matter as it moves through time away from other matter. By this logic, the big bang is an influx of all the energy in the universe into a single plank length, which then expanded outward until it cooled enough to become matter, and by that point all of it already had incredible velocities. Momentum conserves and everything flies away from everything else. This might remove the need for both dark matter and dark energy, or one or the other. Likely only dark energy. Am I close or have I speculated too far?
I love your video(s) thank you. I think the title contain an oxymoron because "more than infinite" is not possible, as infinite by definition already contains everything ... : ) Including every possible dimension too. I like best the model in which "matter happens inside consciousness", because it is impossible to have an experience without being aware of it first. Therefore the leading edge of the universe would be defined by the edge of our observation, similar to a neverending Mandelbrot fractal. Or another very simple way to play with this is to draw a circle, then draw a triangle inside the circle, then draw a circle inside the triangle ... to infinity.
8:48 - it doesn't affect your analysis, but to say that _every galaxy is moving away from every other galaxy_ is excruciatingly incorrect, yet we hear and read this again and again when discussing the shape and ultimate fate of the universe. To take the most obvious and well-known example, our neighboring galaxy, Andromeda, is on a "collision" course with our own Milky Way, both being gravitationally bound to one another. Such collisions are not uncommon in the life of a galaxy. (I reckon the caveat _from what we can see of the universe as a whole_ was meant to take this into account.) Around 100 galaxies we observe have a blue shift, i.e., they are moving towards us. These are members of the Virgo Cluster, of which the Local Group is also a member. It is the billions of *distant* galaxies which are observed to be moving away from the Milky Way.
Don’t forget. Objects are moving. They aren’t occupying a certain spot. A defined point. Time is objective. Space is a FLUID. How long we’re in the fluid determines how we need to go around it. To space. A mass is a HOLE. Expansion from DISPLACEMENT. Supermassive black holes especially, are expanding the overall volume. Think of a beach ball in a pool. A perfect black hole would be a ball because matter can’t get out. Perfect hole. It raises the pools volume. Similarly, space is expanding for this exact reason.
All of the models can be true at once; what you observe depends on where you are and how much local energy is present in your reference frame. We actually have geometrical models on how to manipulate the local shape of spacetime as well. By its nature experimentation on such things would be exceedingly secretive so i doubt there are public papers on any working aparatus for that purpose
@@aprilvereen3169 theres not really much information there if you ask me, mostly just speculation, but if youre actually interested look up "how to turn a sphere inside out" on YT. The full video is kind of long but its worth it imo.
Jesus, all the models are so damn cool! I think as long as we don't have the answer yet, we might consider all of them at once...so I would go for the one that takes all three models into account at once, but depending on the place you're in the universe, the variety of masses shape the universe accordingly to each one (the same as the last graph) Amazing images and visual models!! I can learn much more here than reading the same content in a book... Visualizing the theories it's like when you live blindly following sounds, smells and tastes, things don't make sense when put together. but, when you start to see what you smell, taste, or hear, you can finally connect them and get the message
What model of the universe do you think is correct?
Big thanks to Ridge for sending me this wallet and supporting the channel! Here’s the site if you want to check them out! ridge.com/astrum/
Klein Bottle. Cause it's cool no other reason.
What about a combination of all three? We see space as flat; however, we've also observed that it has spherical properties, yet everything seems to be moving away from each other...
This only seems plausible within an unobserved hyperbolic universe.
Thanks for coming to my TedTalk. 😹❤
I'd like to side with you on this one, with your theory at the very end.
All three at once.
(Mostly just cause it sounds paradoxical, and paradoxes are fun.)
honest answer? any opinion i have is based purely on speculation. i don't have the mental tools to have an informed opinion. wildly interesting tho
“Flat”
For me space isn’t a ‘thing’ it just is. Matter is all there actually is. Einstein hasn’t done us a favour talking about ‘bending’ space time in my humble opinion.
It's amazing how the more we know, we see how much more we don't know
And we're not even sure of that
maybe multiple big bangs going off in a infinite space...
I know! I mean, I *don't* know. 🤔
this is so hiperbolic, dude
Hopefully we are learning.
The visualisation of a hyperbolic space was godly - and I understand something now, I didn't before. Thanks.
yea i agree, it is amzingly pretty descriptive so well
You used something beyond your comprehension to describe something beyond your comprehension.Thats hyperbole, and it's not how it is done.
@@veronica_._._._ Hehe I see what you did there. It can't be far off though it's computer generated images with correct parameters entered and I recall an astrophysicist on PBS using a geodesic as an example of what outward curvature space would look like. So you can call it an educated guess even from a cynical point of view.
@@larrymunn5279 It's our brains that are finite, space cannot be.
@@larrymunn5279 It's like a handy 10 second IQ test .
Nothing is better than an Astrum video right before I go to bed. Love this channel.❤️
Haha I do exactly the same thing!
Very true statement 😂
As I hoover the carpet
Other excellent channels I’d like to recommend that explore the same themes and provides the same asmr type of feeling, are John Michael Godier, SEA and Cool Worlds.
I do the same thing every night lol
Your contribution to the education of us all puts me in mind of Carl Sagan. You instinctively understand the need for visual representation and explain complex concepts in such a remarkably transparent way. Much richer than "The universe is like a balloon and we're all on the surface of it," which is how it was taught to me.
Yeah, I agree, I've never seen this second visualisation before
I'm glad I was able to give my thoughts to everyone. The hardest part was the effort it took to get to where anyone would take me seriously. I've always seen things differently yet clearly. I'm a designer and so communication of complicated ideas in an intuitive way 🙃 well, I love all you. And am gracious people were willing to listen. I've offered a lot. And the goal was to educate people, to demonstrate that we are smarter than we believe. In fact we can reinforce good things innour minds. people are coming together under a common understanding that we are all part of everyone and everyone is part of everything. We, therefore have a responsibility with what we do, what we say. Hopefully everything I've done helps the world fight the controversy. We can find a way to compromise for a better future.
@@thej3799 Did you produce this video? Or, did you help in its construction? Is that what you are referring to? I wasn't sure if I understood it correctly.
My parents and I love space, and we also discuss and throw around ideas. One was that our universe is inside a single black hole, and that black hole we call a universe is inside another universe, so on and so forth.
Been saying that for 10 years 👍🏽
Not inside. An event horizon of a 5th dimension black hole would have a 4 dimensional event horizon. Project this down to 3d and 4th is experienced linearly.
@@thej3799 But it IS inside an event horizon... Distances currently at 8 billion lightyears away are literally impossible for us to reach...
This universe is a black hole. Way too much symmetry with the spacetime diagram of a black hole compared to the big bang to simply ignore it...
Did you know that scientists have calculated the diameter of a black hole with the mass of the known universe in it, and the diameter nearly matched our visible universe? Not a coincidence!
Hah! Never thought I would see the game that I worked on (Hyperbolica) as the artist here on this channel, what an honour! Cheers!
Lol
Astrum is absolutely my favourite channel as of recently. Your content is amazing!
I love these videos. So much info and relaxing at the same time.
I'm amazed with what humans have achieved by just observing the cosmos from our earthly perspective.
A great mathematics as well.
We know so much that we actually know that we know very little when it comes to howw much there actually is to know and discover
It’s also amazing how much we ignore, that could actually help our understanding progress far more
Achieved what exactly?
I;m amazed at what the universe has achieved by a very tiny small portion of it coming together to look back up at itself
I think hyperbolic makes the most sense, especially when you consider the universe's fractal nature. Like you said, you open one door and two more appear.
Ok, and so, what is out of this?
@@factormars4339 nothing, as you go across the hyperbolic plane different types of energies and matter will be encountered some which we may not yet be aware of but for us at least and the way we can interpret the universe at this point in time space is infinite.
@@jamespostle6894 Nothing? You say this but you really don’t know. May be our universe is just a little part of the big picture.
@@factormars4339 maybe. Just my opinion. I think what's "outside" is currently beyond our comprehension. We don't even understand our observable universe yet.
@@jamespostle6894 exactly, and we will never fully understand the universe because WE are the universe, like a galaxie or a star, we are a little part of the matter of this beautiful thing.
This subject frightens me more than any iceberg video, more than any horror film or jump cut. The ideas discussed here just leave me reeling. Thinking about it I get the same feeling I got, when as a kid it dawned on me that everyone, including me would die at some point, it's a feeling of loss of control, that everything you know doesn't mean a damn, it's just an awful feeling that's so hard to describe.
Just do what I do and realize it's pretty much guess work. My guess is when telescopes get powerful enough, we'll spot another universe heading towards us and there is no end! Just like we see galaxies colliding with the help of our current telescopes.
Consider the musings of Alan Watts. Perhaps you (we) are not just what is in our bag of skin, but rather what the universe as a whole is simply doing at our point in space and time, that we are all an extension of this giant mass just as a blood cell is an extension of the whole human body. It switches your perspective.
@@chrisyoung7157 what you guess will mean end. Anything that collides is. Sorry to break it to you.
@@proteusblack8913 not really, I still feel terrible.
@@madelynhernandez7453 There is far more space than objects to hit.
Since so-called parallel universes interest me the most, I go for finite. Our universe could still be one of these shapes that even change over time. The forces involved in parallel universes could easily influence not only the shape but significant characteristics especially if they touch ours at version points in time.
Parallel or multi universes its just story tale for those who like star wars and star trek 🐒
Look up supertasks. You can have a infinite space within a confined area.
@@whiteape2714 You say they are a "fairy tale", but there is evidence that back them up as absolute possibilities. You could even argue that an infinite universe, depending on how inflation occurs and the quantum fields separate, itself is able to be considered a multiverse.
There are many theories that have more assumptions than others, but there are many that are backed up while having fewest assumptions.
Such a well explained video. This makes the concept of time and the expanding universe much easier to grasp.
this video had a lot of things put in the wrong words, and if someone knows more than nothing about the subject it probable leaves them more confused than when they started.
Human life is soo short...but even then we try to understand this huge/frigtening/fascinating universe!
Great video, Alex! I’ve always liked the idea of a hyperbolic universe. 🎉
#1 Space RUclips channel. Very interesting subjects and so good explained.
Don't forget about the insane quality graphics
Space if facinating but can be overwhelming: the expansion of the universe is accelerating, meaning that with time, future observers will think they are more "alone". Right now, we can see other galaxys. But in a distant future, the "edge" of the observable universe won't let those observers see beyond their own galaxy. And so on.
As yet, though, no celestial object has been observed disappearing over the "horizon".
What scares me when thinking of this is how there are different infinitys inside of infinity. So at someone point everything would lead to its own infinity state within the ever changing infinity. The universe is weird and scary to try to comprehend.
It's not scary at all. Just because the idea doesn't fit inside your head doesn't mean it has sharp teeth and hungers for your flesh.
I do admit this thought is gnawing at my mind
@@deusexaethera lol
@@deusexaethera fear is relative. it does not have a set definition on what is and isn’t scary because everybody experiences it differently and to different things. the topic can make some people scared and some people joyous. everyone is different. nice try tho.
@@deusexaethera sounds like you're describing a cat. But Im not pointing out my basic fears, I'm pointing to my fear of an existential crisis trying to explain everything. Maybe one day you'll be intelligent enough to understand higher concepts.
I like a mix of all of them. Like a stretchy trash bag being filled planets and all kinds of matter. The lining of the trash bag itself is the gravity and those converging lines you talked about. Which is why when you have more stuff ( mass) at one spot you have a tighter bag (gravity) at that spot.
I like trash bag concept very scientific 🐒
Actually it is possible to have a convex topology where lines can't be parallel but also don't intersect: A toroid, aka a donut. Lines attempting to be parallel along the surface of a toroidal topology will move closer together and then further away again, but will not intersect as long as they were truly parallel at their starting location.
Tho along some curves they could be parallel
@@SlyNine : Not if the lines are straight. (and straight lines are the only kind of true lines in mathematics.) Consider lines of latitude on a globe. They run parallel to each other, but they can only do so because they're continuously curving. You can't walk in a straight line and follow a line of latitude, except exactly at the equator. If you look at lines of longitude you can see what happens to truly straight lines running along a curved surface.
@@deusexaethera Baloney. Algebra produces curved lines all the time as does basic geometry.
You are wrong.
Whenever I was thinking of the universe and where it ends or what is it there, after this universe, I've always imagined it as a blank space. But then I was wondering where does this blank space end and if it's infinite how is it possible for space to be infinite? How does infinite look like? How can something go in forever? We humans know that whenever there's a beginning there must be an end. I will never comprehend it.
It reminds me when i was told infinity doesnt exist and everything has an end. I thought what about the universe? If theres nothing outside the universe, Then whats outside that nothing? And whats outside the outside?
I understand the blank space perspective. But unless there is "space" outside of a confined universe, you have to try and imagine the concept of nothing. It isn't impossible to conceive of, but it is a bit tricky. For me, I perceive it by trying to avoid noticing my mind's eye or perspective on the concept.
Infinite spaces can be in confined areas, this is called a supertask. There can be a multiverse where many of these exist in a extraversal space that may or may not have rules, dimensions, etc...
But my personal view? There are other universes, they are not able to be traversed across as they do not intersect. Assuming literally nothing exists out of them, you could argue that they are either separate or living parallel, effectively in the same place. Like if we were stuck on a 2d surface but attempt to move 3 dimensionally, translated to the universe including it's laws and all forms of influence.
Humans cant even comprehend a beginning or end. If there was a beginning to our universe what came before it and if theres an end whats after? If the universe didnt have a beginning how did we reach this point when its already existed for an eternity? Our brains just arent developed enough to comprehend paradoxes like these so we fill the gaps with sci fi like spacetime or religion.
Say; When the universe was born, The laws of physics and time most likely were made when the universe was made, The before and after most likely have foreign laws/no laws and we cant comprehend that because we are bound/accustomed to the laws present in our current universe.
Since there is no time in space, there was never a beginning or end. The human brain is a finite organism that cannot comprehend infinity. When you look at Max Planck and inject consciousness into science, it all starts to make sense.
The proverbial "educational video" that asks a lot of questions, but leaves you with that, "Ok, but I'm not really sure I actually learned anything" feeling
Yeah, videos are popular but not really that great to show science. There are video games in non-Euclidean geometries (HyperRogue is free with various 2D and 3D geometries), and books of course. Also there are other videos too (the CodeParade video they took some scenes from is good, or the ExtraCredits video about non-Euclidean geometry, but this is more about history).
True but also, these videos are redundant. There's no new info about the universe's size, etc.
No new discoveries about it. We're all just guessing. There's really no way to know.
Perhaps I have misunderstood, but when describing the accretion disk surrounding the black hole, the narrator said that we were "seeing both the >top and bottom< of the disk at the same time"...
Surely, what he meant was that we were seeing both the >nearside and the far-side< of the disk at the same time?
The light from the accretion disk is bent in just the same way that the sun bends light from transiting stars, but far more acutely....
If the light was being bent so drastically that we were able to see both the top and the bottom of the ring simultaneously, would we not then see the >SAME< direction of rotation reflected in both images...
i.e. instead of the rotation appearing to smoothly follow a single direction (as demonstrated in the video... (First to the right and then to the left, making a flawless transition))... What we should see is BOTH upper and lower images travelling in the >SAME< direction and meeting together on the right, hand side, only to reappear "like magic" on the left hand side to repeat the cycle.
Thoughts?
Cheers!
I love your channel Astrum. Thanks for exploring these ideas.
I get that the universe can't be endlessly expanding in all directions from all points of view, but that doesn't rule out the possibility that the universe does have a centre Somewhere, and everything expands ever outward from that one point, we just don't know where it is... am I wrong? Anyway thank you Alex once again for explaining everything so beautifully even my unscientific brain can understand it, your work is wonderful, I hope you never stop.
Basically where the Big Bang happened.
The big bang happened everywhere. Where you are, where I am, and at a place further than we have ever seen.
But it can be expanding from all points of view and that is what it appears to be doing. Think about putting some dots on the surface of a balloon and then inflating the balloon. Every dot will move away from every other dot. The center is not on the surface of the balloon. So applying that to our universe, space is the surface and the center would be in some extra dimensional space that we can't access.
@@davidkopp4291 The thing I defy anyone to get their heads around is that the universe was infinite, but prior to the Big bang, point like in it's infinity.
Infinite and infinitely dense feels like a more satisfactory sounding description, but that also has some major flaws.
The original mid point would expand because of inflaton. So everywhere would be that center. We could still be a singularity mid point, but all of its space expanded, so from "inside" it could look bigger and bigger. Like Dr Who's machine. An inner space bigger than the actual point this universe might be.
Great video astrum, well done as always!
Such an interesting question, because all the possibilities seem ridiculous. An edge? Crazy. Infinite? Crazy. Curved? Crazy. A simulation? Crazy.
your thumbnail is how i imagine it looks from the other side of each 'black' hole, (inside out universe kinda) with not necessarily white surroundings, but immensely bright surroundings and unimaginable energy, and maybe surrounded by other 'black' holes corresponding to each ones perspective of/in the universe. just thought i'd share, just a fun thought
Thanks!
Thank you!
I like the idea of the spherical universe where you would always come back to wherever you started. It’s such a mind fuck.
That's just like the earth. What are you on about? 😂
What's so interesting - and difficult - about determining the shape of the universe, is that we can only rely on _light_ to _see_ what's out there. Light, however, can only follow along the lines of space. We cannot _see_ space, but space _can_ be warped as evidenced by black holes.
I'm truly curious if there's something out there that will allow us to observe beyond what we can see, smell, touch, hear and taste. This is what makes science so fun for me, and why I love physics in general. Thanks for this brainteaser!
If you look around youtube there are some good videos showing how anything interesting that propagates faster than light necessarily breaks causality so I wouldn't hold out much hope for that.
Astrium, thank you for your content. I have been learning a lot and keeping myself informed about space with your channel. Love the thumbnail as well! Infinity plus infinity! 😂
Thank you Astrum. Can you please make a video on how humans would leave earth for one of the moons of jupiter or uranus or neptune in the event of red giant sun (mastering nuclear fusion technology for interstellar travel)
Bump
Imagine if we're just some particle in another universe
A mote of dust floating around the unkempt room of a brooding teenaged alien. Imagine if they turn the light on and we're faced with an eyeball of universal proportions, as aware of us as we would be to a dust particle in our own scale :o
yea i allways think about that, imadgine we find other life and they are fucking massive, we just turn into basic bacteria to them
Unlikely.
@@PeakPeakPeakPeakPeak "Imagine".
@@PeakPeakPeakPeakPeak do you believe in gravity? Though
There is another even more exotic possibility! The curvature of space need not be uniformly curved in all localities. Certain localities can be convergent, while others are divergent.
Awesome that you used Hyperbolica for demo
One of the more easily understood presentations of the warping and shapes of spacetime.
Your videos is absolutely awesome, you explain very good and the scenery and animations are beautiful.
This topic is one of my top intrest.
I like the idea of the hyperbolic shape, is make the most sense to me. Cause of that everything is getting curved by gravity.
Hyperbolic is my vote. Perhaps something conical in shape or similar. I like to think this structure is finite and has a bottom edge all matter is racing toward. This edge slows and changes the course of all that cross it and send it hurtling back to a singularity.
The rings around a black hole remind me of the way rainbows are visible but not there…
Started watching Astrum because of cool facts of Pluto, then this... You really dragged me into a black hole of knowledge
Cheers for the video mate 😎 👌
Basically. We don’t know… but it’s fascinating seeing the theories come out & then experiments and science evolve to prove/disprove these theories as we go.
I bet that if you had some sort of impossible ship which could physically travel at infinite speed, that when you reached the edge of the expanding universe, you would just never be able to reach it, it would just always be in front of you, but just barely out of reach.
Yes, thanks ridgewallet for sponsoring this video. We really appreciate it. Should just upload the ad next time. Don't even need the video
Great video and fantastic narration. Thanks for this video.
For me, this has been a remarkable film!!
I can't say enough great things about it!!
Thank you!!
Dude these videos are fun to listen to stoned and its just cool. Ill be honest i think all 3 universe models are accurate. There is to much to the universe for us to be able to say anything conclusive about it.
@Jon Snow why not both pv$$y?
the first law of thermodynamcs (aka the law of conservation of energy) says *everything* that needs to be said about the Universe - it wasn't created, it will not end and it has no boundaries, at any level, in any way
@Jon Snow ah yes stumble around and argue and fight with people "like a man"
You need to redefine what a man is dude
Agreed! This dude has got the most relaxing voice around
This channel is getting more and more interesting!😍
This is fascinating!❤
Finally we talk more about fractality of the universe.
I do believe this theory is very close to reality
Ive frequently thought we may have traveled (in the past) through a black hole, that they are recyclers of nature, and what we see is a view of (infinite times?) this. Ive also pondered if our idea of red-shift could be caused by gravitational lensing from our own galaxy expanding, making it only seem that things are heading away from us, which in fact the opposite may be true (or they are going nowhere, or collapsing even).
What your sharing, makes it seem so much more plausible that we may indeed have been sucked through some kind of black hole, and came out a singlarity, and this may also help shed light on what a singularity is. Maybe all we need to do is look up to see what a singularity looks like from its ejection point. Maybe a singllarity is just what we are all in, seeing things from the mirrored side of the end effect of being on the otherside, e.g. singularity being what we are experiencing now.
We can't travel anywhere using black holes
Mass off setting the hyperbolic curvature of space...
That is indeed an interesting way of looking at it. Maybe you're onto something there, afterall matter and gravity do seem at least to be properties inalienable to each other and seemingly only the way they are due to the simple presence of space to begin with.
Wouldn't our universe itself have mass? What would be outside of it? Our universe could be a mass being entered into another hyperbolic timeline and causing the same effect as what you explained.
Draw a circle around what you know. Now draw a circle around that... So long as we are here we by the nature of ourselves in the context of the fundamental nature of the universe we will always be and can only understand "inside". Conceptually infinite. Bound between ideas of converging and diverging infinities.
@@thej3799 Or, one can imagine that the universe expands at a finite speed (even though this speed might be accelerating, it is still finite).
One can also imagine that it has only been doing this since the Big Bang, so a finite amount of time.
Finite speed * finite time = finite size. There is no infinite in nature, only finite.
Infinity is a mathematical concept, not one in reality.
I've just watched one of the most incredible videos of my entire life. It just blow my mind.
As my guide told me on the trip through space, "This never ends. "
Fair winds and following seas to all.
Semper Fidelis
@@StretchOnYT Semper Fidelis, Jarhead!
Fair winds and following seas!
Not ending is also a bad thing.
@@ekothesilent9456 Aye!
Thanks. You've given me some ideas for the climax of my sci-fi novel!
When I was a child I used to play with marbles and imagined that each one had a universe inside it. 😊
I used to swallow them and made bets with my buddies which color I would pass out first.
@@Diponty Taking bets?
"To infinity and beyond!"
It is now, many years later, that I finally come to realize the powerful immensity of Buzz Lightyear's words.
😂
What if the universe was born from another universe going supernova, and we are the start of a universe born from the remnants of another?
thats kinda the big crunch theory, wich assumes a spherical universe
Universes don't go supernova. Thats just a term for a specific type of exploding star.
The vast expanse of space is the only thing that truly terrifies me because we don't physically know what's at the end. For all we know our universe can be behind a bookshelf like in interstellar.
There are worst things than the vastness of space. It is the meaninglessness of it all as everyone and everything dies. That is truly horrifying.
@@madelynhernandez7453 and by accepting the meaningless of it all,we start to give meaning to our lives... To enjoy even more every day we are given.
@@Alex-vf5yw acceptance has no importance I feel. I mean people just live. In the end acceptance or not, we are all doomed. Why even bother with that word. Lol.
Like in the end whatever you may think you are making meaningful is not.
The world is actually held up by 4 elephants
The elephants are standing on a very large turtle
The turtle is standing on another very large turtle.
From there it’s turtles all the way down.
This proving space time is actually curved as the turtles are actually standing on themselves.
I don’t know why it took me so long to come to this conclusion.
Great video. Thanks for clearing that up in my mind 🤠
10 points for the Terry Pratchett reference lol.
Inorder to understand infinity the key is to substract not to add. Subtract the finites. Whats left is infinity.
'Infinity', is a Geometric Concept, involving Dimension...
The more I think about it, imagining anything other than infinity gets harder and harder.
If the universe is expanding, how could it be infinite? If the universe is bigger today than it was yesterday, it is not infinite. They say at the moment of the Big Bang, the universe was infinitely small, so which day did it change from infinitely small to infinitely big? Remember galaxies aren’t flying away from us, the space between us is expanding. Is there anything outside of our universe we are expanding into? I doubt we will ever know.
@@alphagt62 the first one doesn't make sense. The universe is still infinite, just a bigger infinity. Just like how you can fit an infinite amount of decimal numbers in between 0 and 1, but there are also an infinite amount of whole numbers. The latter is a larger infinity than the former. But both are still infinities. Infinities are weird concepts like that...
Great great GREAT video!!! Wonderful theories, and “theoretical combination of theories “!!! The thought of hyperbolic space answering the dark energy/dark matter conundrum is fascinating!! Keep up the great work!!!
i agree with your final point that the 3 theories are likely working in tandem. the fact that we can postulate the theory of hyperbolic space based on the evidence in front of us shows it’s a possibility that we just can’t prove yet. and we’ve learnt over time that our perception isn’t perfect, it’s at the mercy of the reality we find ourselves in. like the visualization from one of your older videos about a man in a solid walled box flying through the vacuum of space not being able to really tell with certainty that they’re moving at all. we may just be inside the box with no way to break through the wall yet, being limited to what we can see from our limited point of view. it’s all a bit overwhelming to think about when you’re just a hobbyist like me hah hopefully i don’t just sound like an idiot pretending to be smart hahahah
Being self aware enough to know you could sound arrogant instantly shows you're not arrogant or tryign to sound smarter than you are :)
If we are inside a box kind of thing, I wonder if a super large hadron collider could break or rip through it? That would be cool.
Two important points: 1. There is a difference between the shape of spacetime and the shape of space. 2. Our best measurements show that space is either flat or extremely close to it.
Unfortunately this video neglected to mention these very important facts.
Correction - DE is not "everything moves away from everything else" it's the acceleration of that happening.
I like the hyperbolic theory. It explains away dark energy, which feels like lazy astronomy to me. It's like when archaeologists can't explain something so they wave their hands around and say "It must be ritualistic".
But you would still need to explain with the theory why it only actually started to be hyperbolic 5 billion years ago? Surely if the cosmos were naturally hyperbolic that expansion would have been there from the beginning?
@@CountScarlioni Maybe it's always been hyperbolic, but the hyperbolic shape only became apparent once the universe grew large enough? On some scales, it's impossible to see the shape of something until you're far enough away. I'm not an astrophysicist - I'm probably wrong about all of this. It just feels logical.
My favorite explanation of hyperbolic spaces comes from a devlog by CodeParade for his game hyperbolica, would recommend checking it out if you are still having trouble understanding hyperbolic space.
I just watched a bit later into the video and saw that you used footage from that game lmao
Your arguments for 4D hyperspace are very convincing. I, in particular like your explanation of the galaxys moving away from each other, being a result of them following naturally curved hyperbolic lines. I've never liked the idea of dark energy, or dark matter. The whole concept just seems ad hoc and ignorantly unnecessary.
"We can't explain what we observe, so we are going to posit something greater that we cannot explain"
This explanation also goes against Occam's razor.
If the universe is infinite, then how could there be a Big Bang? To me, it seems the theory of the Big Bang is impossible.
From a perspective in which the universe is infinite, you can't imagine the singularity as a point only, you'd need rather to imagine the evolution of the Big Bang from the singularity until the present moment as a change of density of the universe, and therefore of entropy.
When you first saw an object. Like say you observe a new car. Now, the car essentially was non existing in your world. Now it is. Pretend you're part of the car. What would it be like for that part to suddenly "be" Now in the world- your mental construct- the universe as you know it..? 🌻
A closed universe isn't infinite. But it is still effectively infinite if it expands faster than the speed of light, which is what we deduce from the red shift of galaxies. i.e. the universe can have a finite volume at any given moment and yet not even light could ever get back to its starting point.
Not sure if related, but here's some food for thought. We can see some interesting parallels on smaller scales too. like the way light waves spread out like a wave, hyperbolic. Or travel in a straight line. Particle. We have not noticed a third scenario where energy implodes into itself, however. But theoretically, photons would collapse into black holes on the Planck scale. The energy required to measure one plank unit is precisely the amount necessary to form a black hole, consisting of a single photon. That concept helps define a minimum particle size, spatial resolution, and maximum frequency or granularity for light. And also highlights the tautological limitation of electromagnetic energy's dependence on electromagnetic energy to measure itself. It is self-fulfilling, self-verifying, or perhaps self-deceiving.
I wish my ape brain could understand
We ALL have ape brains. apes are probably saying : I wish my monkey brain could understand. 😊
I can’t really wrap my head around things like this. It starts with the start. The fact that there might only be matter at all because there was slightly more of it than there was anti matter.
And then the whole idea of infinity or containment. If the universe is not infinite, what’s around it then.
And maybe idk, maybe we are with all our universe just a particle just like an electron in yet another universe.
I don’t understand existence. But no matter all the theories and models and even the reality of everything, what strikes me BY FAR the most is life itself.
Life is not abundant in space. At least not as abundant as matter and forces. Life is so precious and fragile and it is even limited and tied to the dimension of time. Even thinking about life itself is mindblowing. Hoe many circumstances are needed for life to form and thrive. And we are experiencing it. We are more than matter and forces. We can SEE and FEEL all the universe and even more than that. We have free minds with the ability to think and even to imagine what we never saw. Life is trielt terrific 😢❤
6:21 What does this mean exactly? Instead of 5 aquares at the edges we have 3 as in 2D space.
This really makes me think and I haven’t gone through the starting ads yet
"For any number that you can name, I can come up with a number that is at least one larger."
- Oh yeah? How about one million?
"One million and one."
- ...You win this round, Astrum.
I've been wondering if the acceleration of the galaxies away from each other is because we're all being drawn towards the drain... like bubbles in a tub. Those closer to the hole move faster and are compressed by the mass of the hole. When you're in one of those compressed galaxies, it doesn't look like all of the starts and molecules are smaller, but everything else seems to be accelerating away in every direction.
maybe its just big af gravitational clusters
If this is the bathtub I don’t wanna see what’s in the sewer system fam
7:35 The essential thing to recognize here is:" ... that I cannot comprehend any of it; though I will try until I die. I especially don't understand looking at the back of your head since you are looking out over a sphere in this explanation and how can you see out beyond where it curves? (while looking along the same curve) You cannot. Unless you are a hose moving through it...or around it...following that curve...or whatever~ maybe "looking" at the back of your head is the wrong terminology.
Your vids are the BEST bedtime stories!!!♥♥♥ I'd totally listen to yours and Kurzgesagt's lovechild's voice forever!
I don’t know much about physics so i have no clue whether this would work but i like the concept of the universe existing on the surface of an expanding hypersphere
I'll see if the elders left any clues haha
I have a feeling fractal space and wormholes make sense together. It's like the twisting space has bubbles that pop and release space pressure.
Even if it was infinite, it would still have a boundary. Just like your example pattern, it is possible to have infinity inside a boundary, and the universe, even if it was infinite, would still have a boundary given the Big Bang happened. PBS space time did a really good explanation of this.
The thing I’m thinking about now, is that this makes me thing the universe is hyperbolic. Mass creates a converging lines of space, keeping heavy mass areas (such as galaxy’s or galaxy clusters on larger scales) together, and less dense regions of space being dominated by the default hyperbolic space curvature. Explaining the receding galaxies and clusters. Maybe explaining dark energy?? Dark energy simply being the way that the universe is curved hyperbolically? Mass being what warps space to keep things together?
I’m sure there is heavy math behind this that I don’t understand that would prove this wrong… but from everything I’ve done research on this seems feasible
Amazing insight. The universe in this dimension is within a hyperbolic sphere. Each sphere is its own dimension connected, world within worlds.
For every overview you pursue
Each and every other
Fall beneath the cover
of mystery
The way you describe the universe in terms of bent time causing movement clicked everything into place for me. I believe our universe is as you say, possibly a combination of spherical and hyperbolic. There is a finite amount of matter and energy that seem infinite, but that's only because spacetime is hyperbolic and actually infinite. This would make it look as if space is expanding because all galaxies are moving away from each other. Matter, on the other hand, seems to drag spacetime with it and normalize the grid using gravity to make spacetime bend spherically. If two bodies of matter are a sufficiently far apart, the hyperbolic spacetime takes over and pushes them further apart into infinity. In this way, the only thing expanding outward is matter as it moves through time away from other matter. By this logic, the big bang is an influx of all the energy in the universe into a single plank length, which then expanded outward until it cooled enough to become matter, and by that point all of it already had incredible velocities. Momentum conserves and everything flies away from everything else. This might remove the need for both dark matter and dark energy, or one or the other. Likely only dark energy. Am I close or have I speculated too far?
I love your video(s) thank you. I think the title contain an oxymoron because "more than infinite" is not possible, as infinite by definition already contains everything ... : ) Including every possible dimension too.
I like best the model in which "matter happens inside consciousness", because it is impossible to have an experience without being aware of it first. Therefore the leading edge of the universe would be defined by the edge of our observation, similar to a neverending Mandelbrot fractal.
Or another very simple way to play with this is to draw a circle, then draw a triangle inside the circle, then draw a circle inside the triangle ... to infinity.
Love the present - what shape makes you happier? I love the dodecahedron !
8:48 - it doesn't affect your analysis, but to say that _every galaxy is moving away from every other galaxy_ is excruciatingly incorrect, yet we hear and read this again and again when discussing the shape and ultimate fate of the universe. To take the most obvious and well-known example, our neighboring galaxy, Andromeda, is on a "collision" course with our own Milky Way, both being gravitationally bound to one another. Such collisions are not uncommon in the life of a galaxy. (I reckon the caveat _from what we can see of the universe as a whole_ was meant to take this into account.) Around 100 galaxies we observe have a blue shift, i.e., they are moving towards us. These are members of the Virgo Cluster, of which the Local Group is also a member. It is the billions of *distant* galaxies which are observed to be moving away from the Milky Way.
One of my favorite channels to fall asleep to. Then I have to rewatch the video the next day....🥰
Don’t forget. Objects are moving. They aren’t occupying a certain spot. A defined point. Time is objective. Space is a FLUID. How long we’re in the fluid determines how we need to go around it. To space. A mass is a HOLE. Expansion from DISPLACEMENT. Supermassive black holes especially, are expanding the overall volume. Think of a beach ball in a pool. A perfect black hole would be a ball because matter can’t get out. Perfect hole. It raises the pools volume. Similarly, space is expanding for this exact reason.
You material in your videos are amazing, I love how you make your own models and how you make things easy to understand, thank you 😊
Wow we are blessed with both a SEA and Astrum video in one day.
All of the models can be true at once; what you observe depends on where you are and how much local energy is present in your reference frame.
We actually have geometrical models on how to manipulate the local shape of spacetime as well. By its nature experimentation on such things would be exceedingly secretive so i doubt there are public papers on any working aparatus for that purpose
Wow that's s whole "Pyle" of information there, Justin! but seriously. That is all so neat really.
@@aprilvereen3169 theres not really much information there if you ask me, mostly just speculation, but if youre actually interested look up "how to turn a sphere inside out" on YT. The full video is kind of long but its worth it imo.
« When you contemplate the universe, humility surrounds you »
Spacetime is not a fabric, its a fluid, the different density of this fluid is what causes gravity.
Interesting that at 6:00 the movement is similar to what the environment around you would look like if you were traveling at the speed of light.
Jesus, all the models are so damn cool! I think as long as we don't have the answer yet, we might consider all of them at once...so I would go for the one that takes all three models into account at once, but depending on the place you're in the universe, the variety of masses shape the universe accordingly to each one (the same as the last graph)
Amazing images and visual models!! I can learn much more here than reading the same content in a book...
Visualizing the theories it's like when you live blindly following sounds, smells and tastes, things don't make sense when put together. but, when you start to see what you smell, taste, or hear, you can finally connect them and get the message