Thank you for the very interesting interview. It's great that you keep giving scientists the opportunity to do this so that we can find out and learn more.
30:24 - "effect produced when the particle is moving at speeds higher than the speed of light" Normally, Fraser would have explained what he meant, but even Mr. Cain missed 1 out of 1000 explanations to the audience. "While the speed of light in vacuum is a universal constant (c = 299,792,458 m/s), the speed in a material may be significantly less, as it is perceived to be slowed by the medium. For example, in water it is only 0.75c. Matter can accelerate to a velocity higher than this (although still less than c, the speed of light in vacuum) during nuclear reactions and in particle accelerators. Cherenkov radiation results when a charged particle, most commonly an electron, travels through a dielectric (can be polarized electrically) medium with a speed greater than light's speed in that medium."
Time is just a spacial dimension, it doesn't have mass, in the way that "length" or "width" doesn't have mass, they can contain mass but can't be considered as mass. You can extend Einstein but you can't ignore him. Time being a spacial dimension is what special relativity is about, four dimensions of space. Minkowski space is a depiction of this. Gravity is just the curvature of spacetime.
Very interesting interview. Thank you. I wondered how they distinguish neutrinos from dark matter collisions and neutrinos from nuclear reactions in the center of the earth.
Antineutrinos from nuclear reactions have low energy, around a few MeV or less and produce positive leptons in IceCube. In the arxiv paper "Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with ten years of IceCube data" they search for dark matter particle in range 10GeV-10TeV.
To be a valid theory, you should be able to prove, or disprove it. That is why it is important to look for null results too. It may not get you a nobel prize, but it may help others to improve science. It can also help to rule out some future hypothesis/theorems, and as such could save a fortune and a huge amount of time. All science is valuable, but some science is more valuable than others. 😉
The fungi world has its biggest mass' under the ground. The process' of the location ingredient and a lot of other fungi dynamics are about as well understood as intergalactic space or neutrino taking energy out of supernova or dark matters presence
Please, I beg, put that it's an interview in the title, I keep clicking on these interesting titles and finding after that they're just interviews. This is a very frustrating audience experience not knowing what I'm clicking on.
@BlimeyOreiley It's not an inconvenience it's an annoyance, like offering a donut but not mentioning it's jelly filled. I'm fine with interviews being part of his channel but when it's multiple formats mixed together, knowing what I'm about to watch is important to me. This is a youtube, not blind trailmix.
Are there any clumps of dark matter completely separate from a galaxy, detectable due to gravitational lensing? What's the smallest scale effect of dark matter we can notice at the moment? I'm aware of galaxy edges spinning too fast as the main evidence, is there anything on a smaller scale within galaxies that can only be explained with dark matter?
Random question: I can't help but always wonder how close you could get to these miraculous events in the universe like supernovea and black holes and quasars. Like if spacetravel was all figured out and we could wherever we want in the blink of an eye. What kind of distance would we need to keep from phenomona like that?
Doesn't Time Dilation at very large distances explain DM and DE better? It just makes intuitively so much more sense than the place holder concepts of DM and DE.
He does not explain why dark matter would be annihilated? It is not anti-matter, so do we believe it cannot exist in contact with other matter? It could be there nonetheless? Seeing more neutrinios from the earth center than expected could also have another source? We have little knowledge of the dynamics of the center of the earth?
Hi Fraser. I've heard a lot about the Sigma scale that scientists use to determine the certainty of discoveries, and I'm wondering how exactly they determine the degree of certainty. How precise is this scale? It seems like there'd be too much room for interpretation. I feel like degrees of certainty are too fluid to really be precise. How does it work?
It’s derived from statistics. σ indicates standard deviation on a normal distribution curve. It’s a measure of how much variability the collected data points used in the analysis has. We test new results against our current models of expected results. The further away a measurement is from the mean (higher standard deviation or σ factor) the more likely we have something new discovered. It’s more like degrees of certainty that the measurement isn’t just noise produced by our current models.
@@GabeTStarman Thanks for the explanation. I really needed to hear that it wasn't just based on feelings. When I have more time I'll look into it a little deeper
Considering how long we've been looking for dark matter and found absolutely nothing, if it isn't completely interaction free(except gravity), then it will literally take many hundreds of years, and maybe thousands, to detect enough to make a definitive declaration of discovery. Might be time to spend that money on something else.
Come on, Fraser. Fifty years of searching with zero results. It is getting ridiculous. It makes more sense to rework gravity than to keep insisting dark matter is a thing.
The problem is that they don't know what to even look for it with, dude. It gets ruled out when EVERY detection method is falsified. One detection method failing is not a falsifier, that's not how science works bruh.
It would be a pretty complex reworking of gravity, to account for the galaxy rotation curves as well as the gravitational lensing. People are trying to do that and it doesn't work either.
No, not really. It took just shy of 30 years to discover the neutrino after it was hypothesized. And the serious fact of the matter is, that if dark matter is literally matter of some sort, it will be many orders of magnitude harder to detect than neutrinos. But just because something is too hard for you to currently detect, is absolutely no reason to go around assuming it does not exist. And the bullet cluster gives very good evidence showing that dark matter is it almost certainly actual matter.
..... Dark matter is really hard to obtain. It should take about 10 to 15 years to get one and it's supposed to be stored in a container that is vacuum sealed has no oxygen. They can easily make one with an atomic accelerator
Kind regards from Antarctica, watching you from here too!
Have a nice day at the Ice Wall 😋
Thank you for the very interesting interview. It's great that you keep giving scientists the opportunity to do this so that we can find out and learn more.
30:24 - "effect produced when the particle is moving at speeds higher than the speed of light"
Normally, Fraser would have explained what he meant, but even Mr. Cain missed 1 out of 1000 explanations to the audience.
"While the speed of light in vacuum is a universal constant (c = 299,792,458 m/s), the speed in a material may be significantly less, as it is perceived to be slowed by the medium. For example, in water it is only 0.75c. Matter can accelerate to a velocity higher than this (although still less than c, the speed of light in vacuum) during nuclear reactions and in particle accelerators. Cherenkov radiation results when a charged particle, most commonly an electron, travels through a dielectric (can be polarized electrically) medium with a speed greater than light's speed in that medium."
I was never comfortable with the idea of Dark Matter. It was counterintuitive really
My name is Giovanni Giorgio but ppl just call me Giorgio
Nah they call you gay
Time may have mass and would account for dark matter.
Thoughts?
Time weighs on everything
Gravity doesn't exist. Space Time does.
Perhaps we made a time wave or space wave detector.
Gravity doesn't exist. Space and time do.... Perhaps we made a space or time wave detector VS a gravitational detector.
Time is just a spacial dimension, it doesn't have mass, in the way that "length" or "width" doesn't have mass, they can contain mass but can't be considered as mass.
You can extend Einstein but you can't ignore him.
Time being a spacial dimension is what special relativity is about, four dimensions of space.
Minkowski space is a depiction of this.
Gravity is just the curvature of spacetime.
"And if we look further down we find the Source"
"Can we look further?"
"No"
"Why?"
"I'm scared"
Very interesting interview. Thank you.
I wondered how they distinguish neutrinos from dark matter collisions and neutrinos from nuclear reactions in the center of the earth.
Antineutrinos from nuclear reactions have low energy, around a few MeV or less and produce positive leptons in IceCube. In the arxiv paper "Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with ten years of IceCube data" they search for dark matter particle in range 10GeV-10TeV.
To be a valid theory, you should be able to prove, or disprove it. That is why it is important to look for null results too. It may not get you a nobel prize, but it may help others to improve science. It can also help to rule out some future hypothesis/theorems, and as such could save a fortune and a huge amount of time. All science is valuable, but some science is more valuable than others. 😉
OK, come clean. How long did you practice the pronunciation of the institute that Dr. Renzi works for?
None? I'm Canadian, we learned French from childhood.
@ LOL, I didn’t even know that was French. I thought it was Romanian or something.
This was good!
It’s not just turtles that go all the way down. All the way down must go there too. 🤔
Instructions unclear. Collecting enough turtles to collapse into a black hole.
Grateful for gravity ... everyday , don't want to fall all the way down
The fungi world has its biggest mass' under the ground. The process' of the location ingredient and a lot of other fungi dynamics are about as well understood as intergalactic space or neutrino taking energy out of supernova or dark matters presence
@@jimmirow Indeed. One must never underestimate the ultimate ambition of finality in the subterranean domain. The truth is down there! 🏮
@@MrSimonw58I'm biased. I like it for that reason but I think it hurts my arthritis a lot more😊
It's right next to dark energy
Please, I beg, put that it's an interview in the title, I keep clicking on these interesting titles and finding after that they're just interviews. This is a very frustrating audience experience not knowing what I'm clicking on.
Yeah, what a huge inconvenience.
@BlimeyOreiley It's not an inconvenience it's an annoyance, like offering a donut but not mentioning it's jelly filled. I'm fine with interviews being part of his channel but when it's multiple formats mixed together, knowing what I'm about to watch is important to me. This is a youtube, not blind trailmix.
Thanks for clarifying. I’m glad we took the time out of our days to get that sorted.
Imo, the interviews are the best part. That's the journalism that i come here for, hh
@@GIRGHGHinterviews, like a surprise jelly donut, is the best part.
Are there any clumps of dark matter completely separate from a galaxy, detectable due to gravitational lensing?
What's the smallest scale effect of dark matter we can notice at the moment? I'm aware of galaxy edges spinning too fast as the main evidence, is there anything on a smaller scale within galaxies that can only be explained with dark matter?
Random question: I can't help but always wonder how close you could get to these miraculous events in the universe like supernovea and black holes and quasars. Like if spacetravel was all figured out and we could wherever we want in the blink of an eye. What kind of distance would we need to keep from phenomona like that?
Never going to find them
Doesn't Time Dilation at very large distances explain DM and DE better?
It just makes intuitively so much more sense than the place holder concepts of DM and DE.
Is super kamiokande useful for this as well?
TO FIND THE CURIOUS CONNECTION BETWEEN KIDS AND CATS, SKIP TO 34:10.
What limits the angular resolution of the neutrino observatories ?
Seems null results are important for other scientists to know where and how not to look
He does not explain why dark matter would be annihilated? It is not anti-matter, so do we believe it cannot exist in contact with other matter? It could be there nonetheless? Seeing more neutrinios from the earth center than expected could also have another source? We have little knowledge of the dynamics of the center of the earth?
Some theories of dark matter involve it being its own anti-particle.
Ice Cube
NWA (neutrinos with attitudes)
Straight Outta Antarctica
Hi Fraser. I've heard a lot about the Sigma scale that scientists use to determine the certainty of discoveries, and I'm wondering how exactly they determine the degree of certainty. How precise is this scale? It seems like there'd be too much room for interpretation. I feel like degrees of certainty are too fluid to really be precise. How does it work?
It’s derived from statistics. σ indicates standard deviation on a normal distribution curve. It’s a measure of how much variability the collected data points used in the analysis has. We test new results against our current models of expected results. The further away a measurement is from the mean (higher standard deviation or σ factor) the more likely we have something new discovered. It’s more like degrees of certainty that the measurement isn’t just noise produced by our current models.
@@GabeTStarman Thanks for the explanation. I really needed to hear that it wasn't just based on feelings. When I have more time I'll look into it a little deeper
I call the cat box contents dark matter... that stuff is heavy!
Considering how long we've been looking for dark matter and found absolutely nothing, if it isn't completely interaction free(except gravity), then it will literally take many hundreds of years, and maybe thousands, to detect enough to make a definitive declaration of discovery.
Might be time to spend that money on something else.
We don't understand gravity on the largest scales.
Assuming it's cause by a magical missing matter is unscientific.
Dark gravity is a better name.
When you look for something that doesn't exist, what you find is....nothing.
What’s causing all the gravitational lensing?
@@frasercain I have no idea. And neither do cosmologists from what I can gather.
@@randyblake2006 you have just identified the need to look.
Thats nice, you should feel proud!
Time Dilation at very large distances......
Why 'dark matter' can't be simply space time having a compression constant? It is not 'matter' ffs.
Come on, Fraser. Fifty years of searching with zero results. It is getting ridiculous. It makes more sense to rework gravity than to keep insisting dark matter is a thing.
The problem is that they don't know what to even look for it with, dude. It gets ruled out when EVERY detection method is falsified. One detection method failing is not a falsifier, that's not how science works bruh.
It would be a pretty complex reworking of gravity, to account for the galaxy rotation curves as well as the gravitational lensing. People are trying to do that and it doesn't work either.
No, not really.
It took just shy of 30 years to discover the neutrino after it was hypothesized.
And the serious fact of the matter is, that if dark matter is literally matter of some sort, it will be many orders of magnitude harder to detect than neutrinos.
But just because something is too hard for you to currently detect, is absolutely no reason to go around assuming it does not exist.
And the bullet cluster gives very good evidence showing that dark matter is it almost certainly actual matter.
I didn't mean to yell.
But, you didn't have to be rude.
Dark matter is a wrong assumption. I am perplexed main stream sciene can't see that.
Dark matter is a grift that keeps on grifting
..... Dark matter is really hard to obtain. It should take about 10 to 15 years to get one and it's supposed to be stored in a container that is vacuum sealed has no oxygen. They can easily make one with an atomic accelerator
Forst 😊
Fool’s gold.
We live in a simulation, none of this matters
How do you know?
This is actually my simulation
@@johnfyten3392are you the main caracter?
@@johnfyten3392so im an NPC:(
It's all so hip and trendy, like a Hollywood movie. Should we wear trench coats and shades or just be intellectually aloof?