"Hygrogen and oxygen are two of the biggest materials they use right now...". except you forgot carbon. Because the most propellants are used by SpaceX now, and that's either kerosene (RP1) or methane (CH4) you need some carbon in there.
“Alright guys, in order to find water, we gotta crash this billion dollar complex machine into the moon” *does it three more times* “I’m starting to think we should try a different method” *continues throwing probes at the moon*
I'm sure if the money to buy these probes came from the scientists pockets, then they wouldn't waste it by crashing the probes into the moon.@bloodstripeleatherneck1941
Can you imagine being an alien that finds the permanently shadowed craters on the moon and being like "Ahh, nice safe place to build a home." And then satellites keep crashing into it
Hardly "safe." There are far more naturally falling meteoroids to worry about. Once reason that nearly any Moonbase will be built primarily underground or covered with a thick later of lunar regolith.
Imagine them coming and crashing on the surface of our planet trying to steal the landing gear technology from Airbus or Boeing 😂 All the dubious whistleblowers report so many crashes, one might think they have ever landed successfully 😂 So they see probe and think, that is my boy, they are coming home, buckle up 😂 😂 😂
I remember when I was little, the prospect of water in other celestial bodies thrilled and fascinated me. Nowadays we know just how common water is across the universe, shocking how much our knowledge has increased!
And there’s still SO much humanity hasn’t learned yet that could even further shock the scientific community, maybe even the world? Depending on what is found. A lot is happening in places we can’t yet observe. Give it time.
And there’s still SO much humanity hasn’t learned yet that could even further shock the scientific community, maybe even the world? Depending on what is found. A lot is happening in places we can’t yet observe. Give it time.
😂show me a bottle of space water. No seriously show me a picture of any appreciable amount of water from space. Go ahead and google it. Like water that came from space not from earth. Not arguing that water isn’t abundant in space, I just find it very curious that it’s “common knowledge” that it’s abundant, yet I have never once heard not only that we “detect” water in space but that we’ve captured any. I’d love to know the details if we actually have. Go figure
I predict that water will never be extracted from the craters in commercial quantities. Not because it's not there, but because it will be cheaper to ship it from other places.
I love listening to astronomy, physics, astrophysics etc. videos while I work. Very thought provoking and informative while doing mundane tasks. I’d rather learn more than just fill my mind with dumb trends or stupid politics.
lunar missions being 3x cheaper than a movie bomb is ridiculous in perspective. If only billion dollar companies had interest in sciences we would be much further in our journey in the universe.
@@zeikjt Not far...without profit there is no incentive. Space travel is highly unprofitable. Unlike movies. Economics is real......if we only did what you said humanity would be bankrupt and living in poverty so all exploration would end totally.
Rad! When I was about 5 we spoke to a man on a solo sailing trip around the world and a cosmonaut on MIR at our neighbor's house using his serious HAM radio setup
1:51 lunar regolith… not soil. Soil is organic, it’s full of microbial life, nutrients, and byproducts. Regolith is comprised of rock chips, mineral fragments, and impact & volcanic glasses.
@astrumspace I can't thank you guys enough. These videos are the best remedy for my insomnia. Alex's voice is nearly hypnotic. As an extra bonus, I'm evidently now an expert (relatively speaking) on our solar system thanks to you kind folks. Never realized how much I had learned here until a family discussion orbited around our neighboring planets and their moons. I felt like a genius, if only briefly. Wish I could offer you more than my gratitude. ❤ Happy holidays, much love
This is going to sound weird, but I sometimes have a hard time sleeping because my brain won’t stop over thinking. This video helps me focus on something else as I close my eyes, and it helps me sleep. It’s easy to listen to, very soothing and scientific. I can listen intrigued, or tune it out when I want to. Thank you
The nice thing about space is that there is only a maximum of 1 bar or 14.7 psi difference in pressure. Diving in the ocean increases pressure by 1 bar about every 10 meters or 33 feet. At least in water we don’t have to worry about radiation which is a huge problem in space.
In fact, the deeper in the water you go, the less radiation you receive! :) Suffice it to say, if something goes wrong in either environment, your chances of survival are exponentially less, than if you were standing in your living room... 😅
Imagine if they made a space suit pressurized by a liquid layer of water within the wall of the suit. No hinges and maximum mobility. Also a small bit of radiation attenuation and relative ease of temperature regulation
Amazing accomplishment by the Indian scientists to produce such an amazing mission on such a low budget. Especially the big wedding dance scene at the end.
Where's the thumbnailed Moon picture at? I'm 20mins in and there has been no mention of this 'Most Dangerous Place on the Moon' Sorry but this could be a sentence: 'Place A' is a dangerous place on the Moon because of 'Reason A' but no luck. Can you help?
The Clementine mission was not a NASA mission. It was a joint mission between the Navel Research Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. NRL was responsible for the satellite bus and mission operations and LLNL was responsible for the instruments.
Thank you for this supercut of your brilliant content. Your videos are comparable to any could be found on legacy media, and I suspect your budget and headcount is a lot smaller! The quality, research, graphics and commentary are as good as any mainstream science documentary. Thanks again.
The bottoms of those dark craters could be good spots to put heat exchangers in there. You could easily liquify gases at those crazy temps without any specialised gear, just gas tight seals. Anyway, great video. I learned a lot.
I've long thought the same, but now from this video learned also (a) you can put heat exchangers ANYWHERE on the surface because the heat difference just tens of cms below it is large enough; and (b) at the rims of those dark craters you can get electricity just from flows of plasma streaming from the sun....
My Incredible Universe book arrived today so I came to thank you Alex for your wonderful creation. It is well laid out and has all the details needed to get to know our Solar system. I look forward to reading through everything and admiring all the beautiful photographs. ❤😁🎉
posters look really good, especially the universe one, i like the idea of detailed information to simply get lost in, posters of the planets with cool topography bits would be incredible, also consider high res pics for paying viewers and after enough time maybe even a few for everyone. love these videos and your insight always intrigues
Actually, insulating the astronaut might be exactly the wrong approach. We have materials that are electrically conductive (ESD materials) that are resistant to extremely low temperatures. If all else fails, we can use a thin wire mesh. The Faraday effect would protect the astronaut while electricity can flow around them. Even better, we know how to make materials that create a static electric charge (essentially a block of plastic that solidified under an extremely high potential electric field), and if the suit is conductive while the astronaut touches the right side of that block, all the dust will just drop off.
The Hydrogen may be in Hydroxyl 3:46 - you need to qualify this chemically, to indicate the OH may be in metal hydroxides. Hydroxyl itself (OH) is a highly reactive and chemically unstable diatomic radical. Many minerals contain OH e.g. Mg(OH)2 Brucite, FeO(OH).xH2O - Limonite or 'rust', aluminosilicate Micas etc.
I hope you slowly begin to believe. I know it’s difficult at first. But it’ll become easier to believe over time, the longer you’re subscribed and viewing these videos. Truly one of my favorite channels 🫡
There’s an overwhelming volume of excellent content on RUclips. I rarely come across any of the garbage anymore. You just have to be selective about what you subscribe to.
I absolutely love your content. As a strategic tech consultant I will say there's something very ominous about the way that viper was canceled, it simply doesn't make sense. The Congressional oversight committee wasn't even notified until after the fact, and they were supposed to be the ones that had control over it. No one in the industry really understands what happened. If course there are a lot of theories. None of them truly add up. The money, hardware, and personnel, were all allocated. Under contract and under law. Indeed they should not have even had the legal right to cancel it based on the contractual agreements of the financing of the project. It just doesn't make any sense. Something is not right here. Even if you just look at it from a legal perspective, under the law I should not have been canceled. Genuinely mind-boggling. Even DARPA was confused about this. Truly bizarre the way Viper was terminated. Fortunately there are a lot of contingencies to keep it going. Many of the personnel who are working on the project refused to quit. Honestly it might just come down to some personality rivalries. I've heard through the grapevine that nobody liked one of the lead project managers, which led to a significant amount of internal chaos, just like what caused Northrop Grumman to implode. I'm not sure if that had anything to do with it, but at least that would make sense. Bitter people can do crazy things, just to look at most domestic violence calls that law enforcement has to deal with. Just my thoughts on the matter. Thank you for everything that you make, this channel is phenomenal.
..got a pair of binoculars for Christmas, looking forward to checking out the moon, when the cloud clears! greetings from south wales, uk 🙂 x thankyou for sharing this..
The minerals proposed to be mined on the moon would possibly be present on other large bodies such as Vesta and Ceres. Vesta is highly mineralised but may have some sub-surface water. Ceres has plenty of water. These bodies are a little further out than Mars but have the advantage of very low gravity, easy to land on and easy to leave. Mining could be done by remote control with only rare human visits where necessary.
Side note: my gut feeling tells me that our species will one day go into direction of the societies of my fav sci-fi show, "the Expanse", having the less fortunate people mine the vast resources and take the risks for the better-off parts that will rake in all the riches. I hope that I'm wrong, but of course I won't live to see any of it.🤷🏻♀️
That's what happened in the 18th and 19th centuries. Europe sent its poor to America, and then America became rich. The same will happen in space. The downtrodden won't stay that way for long. It's actually a very inspiring vision.
OK, so where is the most dangerous place on the moon? Aside from that lingering question that was posited as the subject in the title, this was an awesome video. Seems like all that electrical potential in the regolith might have some use.
The polar crater that has the lowest recorded temperature on any object in the solar system, colder than Pluto. This is within a massive crater that never sees sunlight. That part tickled my danger meter, idk about the rest of you.
Waaaa, it's dark and cold I want my mommy. Maybe if there was flying space sharks that skewer their regalith rubbed astronaut snacks with arc welding icicle shiska-tusks...now that would be dangerous
@@hizacaineI’ll take my odds with flying space sharks over the coldest environment in the solar system. I have a chance at dodging flying sharks. Especially since they will be dead.
What in frozen hell makes you think you can kill space sharks if you can't even remember to bring a flash light and long johns on a little day hike to the bottom of a moon hole?
Technically it's neither the cost or the difficulty. It's the over built unnecessary overbudget technology. We landed men on the moon with the flimsiest lunar lander you can imagine. A tinfoil box. And ISRO sent a robotic probe for the equivalent cost of $75 million total and did more science than several of the NASA probes. SpaceX is launching people to the ISS for cost in the millions not billions. Even those huge starships cost a fraction of the other rockets funded by NASA. NASA has lost their knack for building spacecraft and need to get out of the business or have major corporate change to get back to business. Like cancelling VIPER was one of the most ridiculous decisions they've ever made. But the most ridiculous is Artemis. $4.3 billion per launch when other countries and companies are doing more costing in the millions. NASA needs to stop building and just fund and manage efficient companies. Not Boeing right now. They are just as screwed up.
Makes sense that the moon would have water cycles, The moon does in-fact have a very thin atmosphere so it must evaporate and condenses into ice again in cooler spots. We could use super large rovers that can connect to each other, Slowly moving along the moon to stay just before or after thetwilight zone.
Or in fact the discovery of water on the moon was totally incorrect. That seems to be what's going on to me. Less missions.......more scouring the data and machinery for errors seems more prudent at this time.
the craters on the moon are huge.. if you play kerbal space program and find a crater to go down into you can slide around like youre skiing down a mountain range into the crater.. its crazy..
I love that most of the missions boiled down to the most primitive experiment humans love to do, smashing objects together at high speed! We really are space orks.
😄 28:43 - This very brief clip is both cartoonish, and poetically beautiful... It's interesting to learn of numerous complexities for future lunar exploration, and in particular spacesuit design. Still, I found it pretty funny to see that bloke helping out with a trial lunar lander, just wearing his drill cotton shirt+trousers and a floppy sun hat. 😆 He's probably a hugely knowledgeable scientist doing brilliant work at pointy end of space exploration technologies. But the scene is like a fictional time-travelling space explorer, has landed on a 20th century farm, in the Strayan outback! We're a staggeringly inventive and inquisitive species - but we hoomans have charmingly simple needs too. 🙂
In the 50s and 60s Robert Heinlein wrote sci fi stories such as "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress" where he described lunar colonies getting water ice from underground mining. Seems like he may have been onto something with that guess.
@@cherriberri8373 Many media reported "near" or "close" to the South Pole. It is the /furthest south/ landing, so far, so perhaps there was a chain of approximations from report to report: "furthest south" => "closest to the South Pole" => "close to the South Pole" => "on the South Pole".
The fact the moon’s is made largely of cheese is both worrying and encouraging. One, it’s a good source of calories, but (2) some cheeses are very soft and could be dangerous like quicksand. Then there’s constipation,which is a huge problem.
We’re going to have to process a lot of regolith to get the water we need. I say take a lunar starship barebones with an empty cargo bay. Then have a dedicated assembly line that converts the cargo bay and the rest of the ship in to an autoclave with water and helium and other gas storage and a conveyor belt / auger system that can feed regalith inside process and eject then repeat. I think you could build this functionality into the structure of the starship itself then launch it to the moon. A separate ship takes up rovers with plow and scraper tools to collect and move the regolith around. The spoil - already being at a high temp could be mixed with polymer and extruded. Then the extrusion fed into a 3d printer moon base building rover bot.
Have you ever worked around an industrial conveyor? That aspect alone is something that requires an absurd level of maintenance and tinkering. Key aspects of the device are ultimately consumable and will need to be regularly replaced. Difficult to be automated
Can't wait for Artemis III astronauts to descend down from the SpaceX HLS equipped with a sturdy wooden shovel, and just start digging and see what they find lol
I'm no hydrologist, but it seems that water ice might tend to sublimate on the open surface of the moon, which would support the idea that it will more likely be found mixed into the subsurface material.
Mining for rare earths on the moon seems like a boondoggle to me, given the transportation costs. Hope I'm wrong tho, maybe we can use mass drivers to get the stuff back, like in that Heilein novel but not as a weapon.
I just watched a video where the temperature inside the sun was stated as Kelvin, and then also as Celsius.... must be the AI writing the script had a brain fart ;)
@@MarcoLandin a average Duck weights around 0.9 to 1.4 kg, a average car between 1.200 and 2500, so: 461,538,462 Cars * 1,800kg = 853,846,154,700 kg / 1,15 kg Ducks = 742,474,917,130.43478260869565217 Ducks = 1,636,876,998,461.0518 lbs = 116,919,785,604.36082458 Stone = 141452529 US, dry bushel Sugar.
This is exciting, but in 20 years we'll mine water, and some metals and in 100 years we fret about how the moon is starting to just crumble away into dust.
"Or do people smell profit in space?" Yes. That's pretty much all that matters anymore. But then it used to be mostly military motives, so you can decide if that's an improvement.
yeah. unfortunately the Pure Quest For Knowledge, by itself, has never been enough of an incentive for all the funding necessary. But, "Space is a Business" certainly feels less s#!77y than "Space is a War"
Id rather our motivation to explore space be getting resources to build xboxes than to secure more efficient ways to bludgeon each other over the head.
Just snake salesman selling the same old space 💩 to the ignorant. There is nothing on this planet that can get through the radiation surrounding our planet. It's a scientific fact. You will burn alive. You may as well set a course for the sun. Always do your research and learn. Don't take anything on face value unless ignorance, instead of knowledge, is your thing.
I agree, though what you ask for may require several technological leaps we've yet to make. Additionally, said leaps may work well on earth, but be useless in a milieu bereft of atmosphere and subject to extreme ambient temperature variations. I hope not, but it would be silly not anticipate such things.
Yeah I just saw a comment about some sort of automated conveyor in an automated ship that would process regolith or however it's spelled to gain water. The commenter has a fundamental lack of understanding just how human dependent those tools are. Just a material conveyor sort of device is needed to be constantly maintained and tinkered with it just to keep it always operational. On top of all that the equipment itself has consumable parts that make up the majority of it's components. I. Hope automation grows to that point eventually tho
Mining will always create waste and residues, but what will we do with the waste on the moon, where would we dispose ir? Space waste management has to become a thing. Btw, space landfills.
always love your uploads great work as someone who has been following you for a long time the content just keeps getting better keep up the great work, and will find water when we get some humans on the ground and start looking I bet, there is just some things that work better with boots on the ground.
But the tides are reducing the further the Moon moves away from us, as it already is... How (if it will/ can) will the Sun's effects counteract the diminishing lunar tides...?
Astrum's science in their videos is generally pretty good. They have factual errors here and there and the occasional unsupported statement, but not anything that leads casual viewers and space enthusiasts into misinformation territory.
Moon based refuelling could help to get around "the tyranny of the rocket equation". Multiple payloads which are constrained by this could be landed on the moon and then combined on the moon, refuelled there and then launched much deeper into space from the moon. This could make something like very large interstellar space craft possible which currently we just couldn't lift into orbit as one payload
Could the solar winds, especially at the crators, be taken advantage of to generate electricity? The availability of solar at the poles is probably low.
15:57 fusion does give of radiation, and although the reaction doesnt form any radioactive byproducts. The reactorwall will absorb tons of neutrons making it radioactive. Meaning that the reactor itself will become the radio active by product. This also causes the material to undergo neutron induced swelling and it makes the metals brittle
Strange how, when we put people on the moon on a regular basis, all they ended up doing is playing golf, taking snaps and falling over. Now we want to do all this exciting science, we can't get people there anymore...
We can't? But we're doing it! We're just testing the newest technologies, esay. Who says we can't go up back? We're literally doing it Jesus Christ, learn to check your facts, this one was dumb af
@@cuthbertthreepwood2930 Ever checked your facts on NASA SLS. How many launches needed? Have a look at Smarter Everyday. We're a LONG way away from what was done in the 1970's....
@richardmarkham8369 i follow destin and another like 10/15 other science youtubers anod nope, we're not "long away from" anything, we're literally just testing all the new technologies because we can't send people on the moon on 50 yrs old ships
Get your hands on a premium Astrum poster at the 'early-bird' price before Dec 25 at www.electrify.art/astrum
I love when you post, Alex.
14:44- is that Niall Ferguson in the front row??
"Hygrogen and oxygen are two of the biggest materials they use right now...". except you forgot carbon. Because the most propellants are used by SpaceX now, and that's either kerosene (RP1) or methane (CH4) you need some carbon in there.
WHY is the damn music so repetitive and LOUD ??
It's ruining the video ☹️
Tritium has a short half life, if you don't make it, it doesn't collect. Are you even trying?
“Alright guys, in order to find water, we gotta crash this billion dollar complex machine into the moon” *does it three more times* “I’m starting to think we should try a different method” *continues throwing probes at the moon*
I'm sure if the money to buy these probes came from the scientists pockets, then they wouldn't waste it by crashing the probes into the moon.@bloodstripeleatherneck1941
CERN sets the pattern . . . smash stuff, then try to make sense of the shrapnel
i was going to say, don't they do that with stuff on the atomic level too?
but is that CERN? lol
sorry david Mackie 🙂 x
I wouldn't say billion though, more a few million
This branch of science was brought to you by Aperture Science!
Im Cave Johnson signing out!
Can you imagine being an alien that finds the permanently shadowed craters on the moon and being like "Ahh, nice safe place to build a home." And then satellites keep crashing into it
😮 OMG! Really you actually believe this nonsense and that there are green little aliens 👽 out there.....wow.unreal.
Hardly "safe." There are far more naturally falling meteoroids to worry about. Once reason that nearly any Moonbase will be built primarily underground or covered with a thick later of lunar regolith.
Well, I suspect they have better places to build their homes; the moon isn't exactly hospitable.
Imagine them coming and crashing on the surface of our planet trying to steal the landing gear technology from Airbus or Boeing 😂 All the dubious whistleblowers report so many crashes, one might think they have ever landed successfully 😂 So they see probe and think, that is my boy, they are coming home, buckle up 😂 😂 😂
Always check the neighborhood before opting in for real estate. A wisdom potentially older than humankind.
I remember when I was little, the prospect of water in other celestial bodies thrilled and fascinated me. Nowadays we know just how common water is across the universe, shocking how much our knowledge has increased!
And there’s still SO much humanity hasn’t learned yet that could even further shock the scientific community, maybe even the world? Depending on what is found. A lot is happening in places we can’t yet observe. Give it time.
And there’s still SO much humanity hasn’t learned yet that could even further shock the scientific community, maybe even the world? Depending on what is found. A lot is happening in places we can’t yet observe. Give it time.
Even in the 80s we had sci-fi films where ice pirates would rule the roost
😂show me a bottle of space water. No seriously show me a picture of any appreciable amount of water from space. Go ahead and google it. Like water that came from space not from earth. Not arguing that water isn’t abundant in space, I just find it very curious that it’s “common knowledge” that it’s abundant, yet I have never once heard not only that we “detect” water in space but that we’ve captured any. I’d love to know the details if we actually have. Go figure
I remember being so stoked about the first confirmed exoplanets. Now there are thousands. I can't even imagine what we might learn even these days.
Plant a Scotland flag 🏴 and it will rain within a few hours, easy.
Too true mate 😂
My late Mom and Dad both Scottish salute 👏 you.
This one too🇳🇱
lol nice one 👽👾
🇬🇧 too!
The zoom in on the smaller craters to show the Moon's slight tilt is incredible. What an astounding universe in which we live.
What accomplishments we've made.
@derekcoaker6579 India built a very cool robot! Thankfully they avoided that 4x4m crater
I've seen better universes.
I predict that water will never be extracted from the craters in commercial quantities. Not because it's not there, but because it will be cheaper to ship it from other places.
‘ . . . in which we liiiiiive.’ 😉
I love listening to astronomy, physics, astrophysics etc. videos while I work. Very thought provoking and informative while doing mundane tasks. I’d rather learn more than just fill my mind with dumb trends or stupid politics.
lunar missions being 3x cheaper than a movie bomb is ridiculous in perspective. If only billion dollar companies had interest in sciences we would be much further in our journey in the universe.
If only we just did the things that would progress us because we can, and not think about the monetary cost. Imagine how far along we'd be.
@@zeikjt Not far...without profit there is no incentive. Space travel is highly unprofitable. Unlike movies. Economics is real......if we only did what you said humanity would be bankrupt and living in poverty so all exploration would end totally.
Yep, many science fiction greats and Carl Sagan warned us about this.
Yeah it's amazing how backwards priorities are in society
Was on-board a ship off the coast of Africa when we listened to the first manned lunar landing on my fathers radio.
That's awesome! I love hearing stories like this.
Thats pretty cool
Rad! When I was about 5 we spoke to a man on a solo sailing trip around the world and a cosmonaut on MIR at our neighbor's house using his serious HAM radio setup
I pooped my pants in the third grade.
@eamonia bro i feel ya me too in 1st grade.. During the pledge of allegiance...
This compelling story about our Luna is yet another reason why Astrum rightfully occupies a spot among my most regarded channels.
Agree with you, great info, and so calmly and peacefully delivered and explained :)
Thoroughly agree. Wonderful channel.
1:51 lunar regolith… not soil. Soil is organic, it’s full of microbial life, nutrients, and byproducts. Regolith is comprised of rock chips, mineral fragments, and impact & volcanic glasses.
18:12 He says it correctly here.
im including sprouts and parsnips with my sunday dinner today
@@colinwinterman :D
@@killerturtle3453 at time stamp 1500hrs
Soil can be organic or inorganic. Clay and sand are examples of mineral soils.
I thought I was watching a video of the most dangerous place. Not a documentary about water.
Exactly. I gave up halfway through.
@astrumspace I can't thank you guys enough. These videos are the best remedy for my insomnia. Alex's voice is nearly hypnotic. As an extra bonus, I'm evidently now an expert (relatively speaking) on our solar system thanks to you kind folks. Never realized how much I had learned here until a family discussion orbited around our neighboring planets and their moons. I felt like a genius, if only briefly. Wish I could offer you more than my gratitude. ❤ Happy holidays, much love
Bro turned a 5 minute video into 40m of artificial suspense
This is going to sound weird, but I sometimes have a hard time sleeping because my brain won’t stop over thinking. This video helps me focus on something else as I close my eyes, and it helps me sleep. It’s easy to listen to, very soothing and scientific. I can listen intrigued, or tune it out when I want to. Thank you
The nice thing about space is that there is only a maximum of 1 bar or 14.7 psi difference in pressure. Diving in the ocean increases pressure by 1 bar about every 10 meters or 33 feet. At least in water we don’t have to worry about radiation which is a huge problem in space.
In fact, the deeper in the water you go, the less radiation you receive! :) Suffice it to say, if something goes wrong in either environment, your chances of survival are exponentially less, than if you were standing in your living room... 😅
Imagine if they made a space suit pressurized by a liquid layer of water within the wall of the suit. No hinges and maximum mobility. Also a small bit of radiation attenuation and relative ease of temperature regulation
😂😂😂
@@undertow2142it would be very heavy
There's a lot of pressure once you get to other planets though. Venus is no joke.
Amazing accomplishment by the Indian scientists to produce such an amazing mission on such a low budget. Especially the big wedding dance scene at the end.
Props to the Indians. And bonus points to you for the reference to the wedding!
This is a superb channel. Intelligent content... narrated slowly and thoughtfully. Thank you Alex.
Where's the thumbnailed Moon picture at? I'm 20mins in and there has been no mention of this 'Most Dangerous Place on the Moon' Sorry but this could be a sentence: 'Place A' is a dangerous place on the Moon because of 'Reason A' but no luck. Can you help?
The Clementine mission was not a NASA mission. It was a joint mission between the Navel Research Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. NRL was responsible for the satellite bus and mission operations and LLNL was responsible for the instruments.
Did the NRL find any belly button lint?
"You're back already---?"
"Moon's wet."
"....what?"
"Moon's wet." I say as I grab a towel and head back in the spaceship.
Thank you for this supercut of your brilliant content. Your videos are comparable to any could be found on legacy media, and I suspect your budget and headcount is a lot smaller! The quality, research, graphics and commentary are as good as any mainstream science documentary. Thanks again.
The bottoms of those dark craters could be good spots to put heat exchangers in there. You could easily liquify gases at those crazy temps without any specialised gear, just gas tight seals. Anyway, great video. I learned a lot.
I've long thought the same, but now from this video learned also (a) you can put heat exchangers ANYWHERE on the surface because the heat difference just tens of cms below it is large enough; and (b) at the rims of those dark craters you can get electricity just from flows of plasma streaming from the sun....
My Incredible Universe book arrived today so I came to thank you Alex for your wonderful creation. It is well laid out and has all the details needed to get to know our Solar system.
I look forward to reading through everything and admiring all the beautiful photographs. ❤😁🎉
I find it incredible how much more we know about the solar system compared with what we thought we knew when I was a child in the 70’s!
Now imagine given the exponential growth of technology how much more we'll know in another 40 years
@@longshucksgaminglol as if we will still be here
Ill be there, hopefully @@kMegalonyx
I was 32 when we imaged a black hole. When I’m 64, will the images be clearer?
@@kMegalonyx deranged
posters look really good, especially the universe one, i like the idea of detailed information to simply get lost in, posters of the planets with cool topography bits would be incredible, also consider high res pics for paying viewers and after enough time maybe even a few for everyone. love these videos and your insight always intrigues
Actually, insulating the astronaut might be exactly the wrong approach. We have materials that are electrically conductive (ESD materials) that are resistant to extremely low temperatures. If all else fails, we can use a thin wire mesh. The Faraday effect would protect the astronaut while electricity can flow around them. Even better, we know how to make materials that create a static electric charge (essentially a block of plastic that solidified under an extremely high potential electric field), and if the suit is conductive while the astronaut touches the right side of that block, all the dust will just drop off.
Fascinating... an electret suit! You make great points! People forget dielectric insulators are what we use to accumulate static electricity
I concur my Dear Watson
I've often wondered why this is not used on Mars rovers?
@@MrLunithyProbably concerns with power generation, fragility of components and unknown interactions with the super fine dust
What about radiation?
This was one your best Alex. I was in the zone like I was at a theater watching a full Hollywood movie. Chill bumps!
Incredible video. It makes the Apollo achievements and the crews' bravery all the more significant.
In a movie studio
@@77Infidel Very sad that you think that.
Thank you for another informative video. Well done!
What an excellent video. Thank you so much for your hard work. You are doing the world an incredibly valuable service.
The Hydrogen may be in Hydroxyl 3:46 - you need to qualify this chemically, to indicate the OH may be in metal hydroxides. Hydroxyl itself (OH) is a highly reactive and chemically unstable diatomic radical. Many minerals contain OH e.g. Mg(OH)2 Brucite, FeO(OH).xH2O - Limonite or 'rust', aluminosilicate Micas etc.
I can't believe this channel exists. Such incredibly high-quality content on a platform full of brain rot.
I hope you slowly begin to believe.
I know it’s difficult at first. But it’ll become easier to believe over time, the longer you’re subscribed and viewing these videos.
Truly one of my favorite channels 🫡
There are many excellent science channels on RUclips thankfully. The more you watch them, the more they will get recommended to you.
There’s an overwhelming volume of excellent content on RUclips. I rarely come across any of the garbage anymore. You just have to be selective about what you subscribe to.
@@mason96575you hope he begins to believe? believe what?
@@smokinwoodz believe that this channel exists
I absolutely love your content. As a strategic tech consultant I will say there's something very ominous about the way that viper was canceled, it simply doesn't make sense.
The Congressional oversight committee wasn't even notified until after the fact, and they were supposed to be the ones that had control over it. No one in the industry really understands what happened.
If course there are a lot of theories. None of them truly add up. The money, hardware, and personnel, were all allocated. Under contract and under law. Indeed they should not have even had the legal right to cancel it based on the contractual agreements of the financing of the project. It just doesn't make any sense. Something is not right here. Even if you just look at it from a legal perspective, under the law I should not have been canceled.
Genuinely mind-boggling. Even DARPA was confused about this. Truly bizarre the way Viper was terminated.
Fortunately there are a lot of contingencies to keep it going. Many of the personnel who are working on the project refused to quit.
Honestly it might just come down to some personality rivalries. I've heard through the grapevine that nobody liked one of the lead project managers, which led to a significant amount of internal chaos, just like what caused Northrop Grumman to implode. I'm not sure if that had anything to do with it, but at least that would make sense. Bitter people can do crazy things, just to look at most domestic violence calls that law enforcement has to deal with. Just my thoughts on the matter.
Thank you for everything that you make, this channel is phenomenal.
Thanks
..got a pair of binoculars for Christmas,
looking forward to checking out the moon,
when the cloud clears!
greetings from south wales, uk 🙂 x
thankyou for sharing this..
The minerals proposed to be mined on the moon would possibly be present on other large bodies such as Vesta and Ceres. Vesta is highly mineralised but may have some sub-surface water. Ceres has plenty of water. These bodies are a little further out than Mars but have the advantage of very low gravity, easy to land on and easy to leave. Mining could be done by remote control with only rare human visits where necessary.
Another fabulous video, thank you! and merry Christmas!
Most videos like this cant keep my attention but this was excellent. Keep it up
Side note: my gut feeling tells me that our species will one day go into direction of the societies of my fav sci-fi show, "the Expanse", having the less fortunate people mine the vast resources and take the risks for the better-off parts that will rake in all the riches. I hope that I'm wrong, but of course I won't live to see any of it.🤷🏻♀️
Seeing that now, aren't We?
That's what happened in the 18th and 19th centuries. Europe sent its poor to America, and then America became rich. The same will happen in space. The downtrodden won't stay that way for long. It's actually a very inspiring vision.
@@rogercarlson2319They will if the rich are in control of basic resources like air
AI/robotics will make human space miners obsolete before they ever begin.
Great show, shame they never finished it. BSG is still the best sci-fi it’s incredible.
Top Notch Quality as usual, thanks a lot!
I always relax when listening to your soft voice and calm and intelligent documentaries. Thank you Astrum for helping me with my depression if 2024.
Yesss new Astrum video!!!☺️
OK, so where is the most dangerous place on the moon? Aside from that lingering question that was posited as the subject in the title, this was an awesome video. Seems like all that electrical potential in the regolith might have some use.
The polar crater that has the lowest recorded temperature on any object in the solar system, colder than Pluto. This is within a massive crater that never sees sunlight.
That part tickled my danger meter, idk about the rest of you.
Waaaa, it's dark and cold I want my mommy. Maybe if there was flying space sharks that skewer their regalith rubbed astronaut snacks with arc welding icicle shiska-tusks...now that would be dangerous
@@zackmakesstuff470 That's the part of the moon where if you go there, you die, unlike the rest of the moon, where if you go there, you die.
@@hizacaineI’ll take my odds with flying space sharks over the coldest environment in the solar system. I have a chance at dodging flying sharks. Especially since they will be dead.
What in frozen hell makes you think you can kill space sharks if you can't even remember to bring a flash light and long johns on a little day hike to the bottom of a moon hole?
Its not the difficulty or danger that stops us from doing more in space..its the cost of it that stops us
that seems wrong and super stupid. war never been so much fun...
The danger and difficulty is what makes it cost so much, though.
Technically it's neither the cost or the difficulty. It's the over built unnecessary overbudget technology. We landed men on the moon with the flimsiest lunar lander you can imagine. A tinfoil box. And ISRO sent a robotic probe for the equivalent cost of $75 million total and did more science than several of the NASA probes. SpaceX is launching people to the ISS for cost in the millions not billions. Even those huge starships cost a fraction of the other rockets funded by NASA. NASA has lost their knack for building spacecraft and need to get out of the business or have major corporate change to get back to business. Like cancelling VIPER was one of the most ridiculous decisions they've ever made. But the most ridiculous is Artemis. $4.3 billion per launch when other countries and companies are doing more costing in the millions. NASA needs to stop building and just fund and manage efficient companies. Not Boeing right now. They are just as screwed up.
If we talk about humans in space we are simply not made for living in a high Radiation low Gravitation Environment. Point
@@peterchenbutterbrot278 people dont make wars, government does
I tried to find the chandrayaan-1 footage of the impact...It's so obscure that I gave up.. I hate how hard it is to find real footage of space stuff.
There is nothing real available.
The Chandrayan 1 lunar impactor was pretty small
Makes sense that the moon would have water cycles, The moon does in-fact have a very thin atmosphere so it must evaporate and condenses into ice again in cooler spots.
We could use super large rovers that can connect to each other, Slowly moving along the moon to stay just before or after thetwilight zone.
Or in fact the discovery of water on the moon was totally incorrect. That seems to be what's going on to me. Less missions.......more scouring the data and machinery for errors seems more prudent at this time.
the craters on the moon are huge.. if you play kerbal space program and find a crater to go down into you can slide around like youre skiing down a mountain range into the crater.. its crazy..
Is this a game?
@@SSMLivingPictures yes, one that attempts accurate scale for space travel and planetary dynamics
@@OtakuUnitedStudio Good answer 🤣
@@SSMLivingPictureskerbal space program is an amazing game if you are into designing and flying spacecraft
Thanks i'll keep it in mind the next time i go there.
This video really expands the experience of watching the Duncan Jones maserpiece Moon (2009) where they... uh... spoilers! Just go watch it
I have yet to see Moon by Duncan Jones but want to, if only to honour his bloodline.
Small clarification: regolith is any loose material on the bedrock in general, not specifically on the Moon.
I love that most of the missions boiled down to the most primitive experiment humans love to do, smashing objects together at high speed! We really are space orks.
😄 28:43 - This very brief clip is both cartoonish, and poetically beautiful...
It's interesting to learn of numerous complexities for future lunar exploration, and in particular spacesuit design. Still, I found it pretty funny to see that bloke helping out with a trial lunar lander, just wearing his drill cotton shirt+trousers and a floppy sun hat. 😆
He's probably a hugely knowledgeable scientist doing brilliant work at pointy end of space exploration technologies. But the scene is like a fictional time-travelling space explorer, has landed on a 20th century farm, in the Strayan outback!
We're a staggeringly inventive and inquisitive species - but we hoomans have charmingly simple needs too. 🙂
The idea of a quantum computer there is amazing and that Moon crater
Love the longer format!
In the 50s and 60s Robert Heinlein wrote sci fi stories such as "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress" where he described lunar colonies getting water ice from underground mining. Seems like he may have been onto something with that guess.
35:24: Chandrayaan-3 did not land on the Moon's South Pole. It landed at latitude 69 degrees south, far from 90 degrees south.
That that far, it's described as being near the pole.... that is still not landing on the pole, though! Wonder how that slipped through lol
@@cherriberri8373 Many media reported "near" or "close" to the South Pole. It is the /furthest south/ landing, so far, so perhaps there was a chain of approximations from report to report: "furthest south" => "closest to the South Pole" => "close to the South Pole" => "on the South Pole".
You sound insufferable honestly.
Just found your channel and I love the videos I’ve always loved space
Me anywhere else on the moon: *painful choking*
Me there: *painful choking*
Yeh that’s the one place there I can go
Congrats on the art work and collabs! Great timing too 😁👌
Happy Solstice 💚
My response to people saying “Merry Christmas!” is always “Happy Winter Solstice!”
Wow so clever
@@Uhtred-the-bold sorry we hurt your feelings
Reading the title made me think of this:
Moon's haunted.
What?
(grabs a shotgun) Moon's haunted.
The fact the moon’s is made largely of cheese is both worrying and encouraging. One, it’s a good source of calories, but (2) some cheeses are very soft and could be dangerous like quicksand. Then there’s constipation,which is a huge problem.
You could snort it like hunter does
So incredibly proud of ISRO!
We’re going to have to process a lot of regolith to get the water we need. I say take a lunar starship barebones with an empty cargo bay. Then have a dedicated assembly line that converts the cargo bay and the rest of the ship in to an autoclave with water and helium and other gas storage and a conveyor belt / auger system that can feed regalith inside process and eject then repeat. I think you could build this functionality into the structure of the starship itself then launch it to the moon.
A separate ship takes up rovers with plow and scraper tools to collect and move the regolith around. The spoil - already being at a high temp could be mixed with polymer and extruded. Then the extrusion fed into a 3d printer moon base building rover bot.
Have you ever worked around an industrial conveyor? That aspect alone is something that requires an absurd level of maintenance and tinkering. Key aspects of the device are ultimately consumable and will need to be regularly replaced. Difficult to be automated
That was a very nice video Alex, Thank you.
Can't wait for Artemis III astronauts to descend down from the SpaceX HLS equipped with a sturdy wooden shovel, and just start digging and see what they find lol
If you can't do new school go old 😊
Nah that’ll never happen. Especially with Elon in charge of government spending.!
@@daltongallowayIt will absolutely happen. It's the only reason Elon thinks he can "do Politics".
@@daltongalloway idk, it seems like we are at the start of new Space Race with China and other countries growing interest in moon
HLS is way too big for the Moon. Musk has no valid plans.
You have the best visuals ans animations than all the other channels!
The moon is made of cheese. No need for expensive space probes.
I'm no hydrologist, but it seems that water ice might tend to sublimate on the open surface of the moon, which would support the idea that it will more likely be found mixed into the subsurface material.
I like the advice to astronauts. "If you want to find a drink of water on the Moon, you might want to start by bringing a shovel."
The craters on the north and south poll gatering negatively charged particles is so cool. I never heard that before ❤
Mining for rare earths on the moon seems like a boondoggle to me, given the transportation costs. Hope I'm wrong tho, maybe we can use mass drivers to get the stuff back, like in that Heilein novel but not as a weapon.
Excellent documentary!
"Billion Kilograms" is a really weird way to say Million tons.
But then comparing it with cars is even weirder 😅
I just watched a video where the temperature inside the sun was stated as Kelvin, and then also as Celsius.... must be the AI writing the script had a brain fart ;)
@@Baerchenization with the difference, that Kelvin and Celsius are comparable (0°K = -273.15°C) but cars and kilogram are not really.
Yes! Hey Alex, how many DUCKS would that be then?
@@MarcoLandin a average Duck weights around 0.9 to 1.4 kg, a average car between 1.200 and 2500, so:
461,538,462 Cars * 1,800kg = 853,846,154,700 kg / 1,15 kg Ducks
= 742,474,917,130.43478260869565217 Ducks
= 1,636,876,998,461.0518 lbs
= 116,919,785,604.36082458 Stone
= 141452529 US, dry bushel Sugar.
A thousand kilotons.
Happy New Year ❤
7:29
What happened to the captions there? They went crazy for a second.
This is exciting, but in 20 years we'll mine water, and some metals and in 100 years we fret about how the moon is starting to just crumble away into dust.
Cant wait to see how the owner class will exploit the working class for the accumulation of capital on the moon
These are the videos we love
"Or do people smell profit in space?" Yes. That's pretty much all that matters anymore. But then it used to be mostly military motives, so you can decide if that's an improvement.
yeah. unfortunately the Pure Quest For Knowledge, by itself, has never been enough of an incentive for all the funding necessary. But, "Space is a Business" certainly feels less s#!77y than "Space is a War"
capitalism might be the natural driving force of humanity, the one that drives our technology forwards
Id rather our motivation to explore space be getting resources to build xboxes than to secure more efficient ways to bludgeon each other over the head.
Just snake salesman selling the same old space 💩 to the ignorant. There is nothing on this planet that can get through the radiation surrounding our planet. It's a scientific fact. You will burn alive. You may as well set a course for the sun. Always do your research and learn. Don't take anything on face value unless ignorance, instead of knowledge, is your thing.
Make no mistake militaries are absolutely still thinking about how to exploit space, just look at the creation of the Space Force as an example
Soooooooooo there's the makings of recharging a battery right there in the Moon polls in each crater. Use it to full advantage!
Before we go mining stuff from the moon we severely need to advance our mining efficiency as a race so we don't waste any % of the resource.
Yup always come back later when you get fortune 3
I agree, though what you ask for may require several technological leaps we've yet to make. Additionally, said leaps may work well on earth, but be useless in a milieu bereft of atmosphere and subject to extreme ambient temperature variations.
I hope not, but it would be silly not anticipate such things.
Yeah I just saw a comment about some sort of automated conveyor in an automated ship that would process regolith or however it's spelled to gain water. The commenter has a fundamental lack of understanding just how human dependent those tools are. Just a material conveyor sort of device is needed to be constantly maintained and tinkered with it just to keep it always operational. On top of all that the equipment itself has consumable parts that make up the majority of it's components.
I. Hope automation grows to that point eventually tho
@titaniusanglesmith9690 it would only get there when we have ai repair bots
Mining will always create waste and residues, but what will we do with the waste on the moon, where would we dispose ir? Space waste management has to become a thing.
Btw, space landfills.
always love your uploads great work as someone who has been following you for a long time the content just keeps getting better keep up the great work, and will find water when we get some humans on the ground and start looking I bet, there is just some things that work better with boots on the ground.
What treaty has America ever honored...
Astrum do you have a comment to make on the plasmoid and orb uap sightings currently presented to the public ?
Lunar regolith hooded coat for the cold weather for me then. Damn that stuff insulates.
Doubt it would beat thinsulate or aerogels lol
@@DarkAttack14Regolith is super fine and sharp. The suits came back rough from hours of use.
the 3 poster are already on my wall and they are beautiful !!
The best thing about the moon is the fact it's there to give our oceans their tides.
But the tides are reducing the further the Moon moves away from us, as it already is... How (if it will/ can) will the Sun's effects counteract the diminishing lunar tides...?
Stabilizing the tides. The tide was 400ft high before the moon. The moon also makes procreation possible by affecting menstruation.
@@jdp2571
Is the link to menstruation fact or myth?
Myth
Great video! It does make me sad that people can't even look after the Earth properly, I don't want to know what they will do to the moon.
Wow, so some of these craters can be like gigantic capacitors that can zap & electrocute astronauts.
I trust information from Astrum, I love you Astrum!
Astrum's science in their videos is generally pretty good. They have factual errors here and there and the occasional unsupported statement, but not anything that leads casual viewers and space enthusiasts into misinformation territory.
Afraid of moon while I can’t even go in the local florida pond due to alligators
No alligators on (or under) the lunar surfaces... (Maybe just the Soup Dragon, and a few Clangers...?)
Moon based refuelling could help to get around "the tyranny of the rocket equation". Multiple payloads which are constrained by this could be landed on the moon and then combined on the moon, refuelled there and then launched much deeper into space from the moon. This could make something like very large interstellar space craft possible which currently we just couldn't lift into orbit as one payload
The sad part is we all can't agree on things here on Earth, i highly doubt those rules for space exploration will stick in the future
The pictures from ShadowCam are jaw dropping.
Could the solar winds, especially at the crators, be taken advantage of to generate electricity?
The availability of solar at the poles is probably low.
15:57 fusion does give of radiation, and although the reaction doesnt form any radioactive byproducts. The reactorwall will absorb tons of neutrons making it radioactive. Meaning that the reactor itself will become the radio active by product. This also causes the material to undergo neutron induced swelling and it makes the metals brittle
Why is it when I saw the title of this video my first thought was “of course we can’t go there that’s where the Monolith is buried!”
Because you’re slow
Could the most dangerous place on the Moon be hiding secrets we never imagined? Truly fascinating!
Strange how, when we put people on the moon on a regular basis, all they ended up doing is playing golf, taking snaps and falling over. Now we want to do all this exciting science, we can't get people there anymore...
We can't? But we're doing it! We're just testing the newest technologies, esay.
Who says we can't go up back? We're literally doing it
Jesus Christ, learn to check your facts, this one was dumb af
This comment section is wild^^
@@cuthbertthreepwood2930 Ever checked your facts on NASA SLS. How many launches needed? Have a look at Smarter Everyday. We're a LONG way away from what was done in the 1970's....
@richardmarkham8369 i follow destin and another like 10/15 other science youtubers anod nope, we're not "long away from" anything, we're literally just testing all the new technologies because we can't send people on the moon on 50 yrs old ships