Use the Z score formula to calculate Z then You use Z value table. 2.61 is a Z score and the probability for 2.61 from the table is 0.9955. However this value is the area (1-a). So to find the correct area of the tail, you subtract 0.9955 from 1 which gives 0.0045
I like your P-Value testing approach - it is better than my college-level statistics course. With "null testing" - you get some "negatives". If you are testing a "research hypothesis", the you are almost always looking for a "one tail test". Your "research hypothesis" can be very strong by these methods. Thanks for your effort!
I just wanted to tell you that your tutorials helped me get an A in my online Stats class! I work as a student assistant in the library at my college and I pass your channel info on all the time to help other students. Thank you so much for breaking the concepts down to make it more understandable. :)
2019 and it's the night before my data science exam!!! how my lecturer didn't explain it like this is a mystery- thanks for saving me from a meltdown!!!
Excellent explanation and easy to understand. Wish I found this before my exam too. The stats book is too long and the relevant information all over the place. This is how everyone should learn hypothesis testing.
I have been trying to wrap my brain around this for two weeks. Am in Analytical Statistics and this is a major focus right now. I finally now get it, THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!
You explain this really well! I remember this helping me in my introductory stats course 2 years ago, and now I'm reviewing it again for my upper level stats course as a refresher! Thanks again! :)
Thank you so much. You just explained the whole thing in 10 minutes while my professor couldn't even explain like this in 3 hours using bunch of examples.
I have an exam next week and missed out on 2 lectures about hypothesis testing and hypothesis p-value method and you saved my life! Feeling much more confident, so easy to understand compared to all the books. Thanks for being straight to the point!
This helped alot! I have a short report to make for class and this cleared up right-tail confusion of where the P-value even came from and why. Already saw a few videos through google threads and such, but this was straight to the point and clear. Thanks!
If the P value is low, H0 must go (reject). If the p value is high, H0 will fly (do not reflect H0) what a helpful phrase. Thank you for making this so understandable!!
Ive been looking all over youtube for a video that explains this and you did that perfectly. My proffessor does not know how to teach in statistics becasue she didnt major in it so i have to basically teach my self via internet so thank you sir for doing an excellent job i finally get it my brotha RESPECT my brotha RESPECT
Thank you so much for this! For my stats homework I was assigned a series of problems and for some of them I had to use p-value method and for others I had to use the traditional method and your two videos on both topics really really helped. If I manage to get an A on my quiz tomorrow it'll be because of you :)
OMG thank your sir. you are like my life saver. I could not get it when my teacher or my friends were teaching me. you explained it so well and clearly i can now understand the stuff i need to know for my exam next week. THANK YOU!!
Thank you for doing this. it was very easy to understand. Whoever thought to put these math videos online for free is a saint and so are you. This helped me complete my final exam. Thank you and I wish you the best. :)
I probably would not mind statistics if it could be taught like this 24/7. This video literally saved my sanity. I had 2 different people trying to help me decipher what my textbook was trying to convey through vague wordy descriptions. Many frustrated hours later, I concluded the class was too complicated and I was doomed to fail. Enter sudden bright idea to check RUclips! Why in the world are we paying so much for something that only requires a ten-minute video explanation? To the creator of this video, you should be so proud of yourself. And thank you. Thank you for saving my sanity and my class score. #screwtraditionalclasses #letsdoyoutubecollege
I cannot thank you enough for your fantastic explanation! As an online student I was struggling a bit with our text regarding hypothesis testing and P-Values, but you've made it much more clear. :)
Hey, is homework stressing you up? Having trouble balancing classes with work/life? Send me an email an I will help you out in essays, statistical units(regression analysis, test statistic, hypothesis testing Qmb 2100,3200) ,kristenchantelle@gmail.com Safe, timely and quality assignments is guaranteed.
This video is awesome! I missed a day of class and was a little confused. I watched this video a few times and took notes and now I totally get it. You made it very easy to understand and gave little tricks that make it easy to remember. Thank you so much!
@poysermath excellent presentation, sir; you have constructed a clear, methodical and thorough calculation of the p-value method for hypothesis testing. Best on the web that I have seen. Thank you so much!
Thank you! I'm in business stats 2 and although I am familiar with finding critical values for t and z the p value has completely thrown me off! My instructor does not give lectures (I can contact her for help), and the class is solely taught by Hawkes Learning software (which is not always direct with information). This video saved me a lot of time. I've been scouring the internet trying to figure out how I find my p-value and your video put it very simple.
The area to the LEFT of a test statistic of -2.61 equals .0045. The area to the RIGHT of a test statistic of 2.61 equals .0045. So, the P-value is the area in the tail of the test statistic. Shade to the left or to the right by reading the Alternative Hypothesis ("Ha" or "H1"). If Ha: u less # then it's a left-tail test. If Ha: u greater # then it's a right-tail test. If Ha: u not= # then it's a two-tail test, and the area in the tail must be doubled to find the P-value.
In traditional method, the critical value is equivalent to alpha and we can test our claim by comparing T-value and the critical value(Z), which makes sense. By using P-value method, the example you mentioned in this video, right-tailed test, the shaded area is 0.0045 which is P-value, and compare p-value with given alpha 0.01, we can test our claim.However, as alpha is given so it means that the critical area is 0.01 which is in the right tail so it seems the same as the shaded area(P-value)
p-value is just the area between the test score and the end of the distribution. if you have a ti-83 calculator, hit 2nd > vars (distr is highlighted in yellow) > normalcdf( > and then between the parenthesis of normalcdf (), just but for example (2.61, 3.5) and that is the area between those two z-scores, which is the p-value. *z-score of 3.5 is the value i use to determine the end of the bell curve.
thanks so much sir! u're such an excellent teacher. i wish u're my professor. tomorrow is my statistic final exam, and this helps a lot, i understood a lot now thanks so much !!! :')
You are awesome! :-) You explain things step by step, for the most part. I had to go back to figure out how to use the Standard Normal Distribution table, but overall, I got it! Online learning is so hard when all you really have is the book to look at and it is confusing.
Why? p value is related to various confidence levels, say from lower confidence level to higher, 90, 95 & 99% as an example, which determines the higher significance level from higher to lower 10, 5 & 1% as an example. Testing based on lower confidence level has higher significance because it is a higher level of risk mitigation? Conversely, Testing based on higher confidence level has lower significance because it is a smaller risk mitigation? Please help me intuitively understand this? smaller p value means lower probability or likelihood of occurrence in a sample, given the population mean is true? & likewise higher p value means higher probability or likelihood of occurrence in a sample, given population mean value is true? & we reject the null because because of the lower probability of occurrence found in the sample, given the population mean is assumed to true. Could u explain with an example of coin thrown 2 times in a row? Could u explain with an example of dice thrown few times in a row? Could u include p value based hypothesis testing using the above examples? Thanks
Thank you so much for posting this. I've read through my text book [Statistics: Informed Decisions Using Data (4th Edition) ( Michael Sullivan, III)] multiple times and this was clearer than the "mud" given by the book. Again, thank you. - J.
Let's assume we have a left-tail test; the critical area is the area in the tail that is equivalent to alpha. If alpha = 0.05, the the critical area is 0.0500, which has a corresponding z-value (sometimes called the "critical value") of -1.645. Assume a right-tail test: alpha = 0.10; critical area = 0.1000, critical value = 1.28. Assume a two-tail test: alpha = 0.01; critical areas = 0.0050 in each tail (which comes from alpha / 2), critical values = -2.575 and 2.575 Hope that helps!
When you look at the z score table, you will see that is says 0.9955 but because its to the right of the bell curve, you have to subtract by 1 giving .0045. The z scores are given to the left of the curve, and since this example was a right tailed test, you had to subtract by 1.
Wow this really helped me so much especially after the 7 minute mark! Thank you so much you explained this a lot better than my college professor did in the 3 hour lecture!!
Thanks ALOT for this video! Both my teacher, my course litterature and tons of websites couldn't explain this easily enough! (For people struggling, try taking the value you find when you search for 2,61 in your book, which should be 0,9955, and take 1-0,9955, and you will get 0,0045!)
Thank you, thank you, thank you! I was stressing, trying to understand this concept. You stated it succinctly and in a manner which is easily understood! I'm glad I found your videos! Again, thanks from a VERY grateful student!!
Watching this 30 minutes before my stats final. Wish me luck, fellas
Andrew Green I have mine in an hour😭😭😭 how’d you do?
Same... how’d it go
How did you do?
J. S. 70 🤷♂️
@@Jeremysworld777 Solid B haha
you're teaching me more in a short video what my (heavily accented) lecturer fails to teach me in 3 hours
+John Law I was just about to comment this. We've been learning this for about 3 weeks and he taught me more in 5 minutes.
+Big One and me too my case is 5weeks haha
skievl23 No shit. You literally just explained learning.
+John Law I have a heavily accented professor as well LMAO
Saaaaame. Some sort of Middle Eastern accent here.
Use the Z score formula to calculate Z then
You use Z value table.
2.61 is a Z score and the probability for 2.61 from the table is 0.9955.
However this value is the area (1-a). So to find the correct area of the tail, you subtract 0.9955 from 1 which gives 0.0045
Thank you for the help was confused
You explained in 10 minutes what my teacher couldn't explain in 1 hour! Thanks :)
And mine in three hours!!!!!!🤣😂🤣😂
Three weeks*
Studying statistics for the first time in my final year of university.. its like another language.
you've made such a difference. THANK YOU!
im studying it for the first time too and im supposed to graduate in may, i hate it, i've always hated math
I like your P-Value testing approach - it is better than my college-level statistics course. With "null testing" - you get some "negatives". If you are testing a "research hypothesis", the you are almost always looking for a "one tail test". Your "research hypothesis" can be very strong by these methods. Thanks for your effort!
I just wanted to tell you that your tutorials helped me get an A in my online Stats class! I work as a student assistant in the library at my college and I pass your channel info on all the time to help other students. Thank you so much for breaking the concepts down to make it more understandable. :)
2019 and it's the night before my data science exam!!! how my lecturer didn't explain it like this is a mystery- thanks for saving me from a meltdown!!!
This video taught me more about p values in 10 minutes than a month worth of sitting in my stats class. Thank you SO much!
I've watched this man's videos throughout my stats course. He's great, has the gift of teaching. Thank you kind sir.
That was one of the best 9 mins of Statistics I've ever had. I totally understand the p-value method now. Thank you very much.
Excellent explanation and easy to understand. Wish I found this before my exam too. The stats book is too long and the relevant information all over the place. This is how everyone should learn hypothesis testing.
I have been trying to wrap my brain around this for two weeks. Am in Analytical Statistics and this is a major focus right now. I finally now get it, THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!
You explain this really well! I remember this helping me in my introductory stats course 2 years ago, and now I'm reviewing it again for my upper level stats course as a refresher! Thanks again! :)
Proud to call him my friend. His explanations are super. best math professor in Massachusetts
Awesome 🙌 having a clear and easy to understand voice is so rare anymore! Beautiful
This 10 minutes video was explaining Hypothesis Testing much better than a lot of long and boring videos out there.
I can say, this is the best hypothesis explanation by far.
Thank you so much. You just explained the whole thing in 10 minutes while my professor couldn't even explain like this in 3 hours using bunch of examples.
I have an exam next week and missed out on 2 lectures about hypothesis testing and hypothesis p-value method and you saved my life! Feeling much more confident, so easy to understand compared to all the books. Thanks for being straight to the point!
Wow! I'm paying tuition for a graduate course that fails to teach me as much as RUclips. Tragic.
Great Video! Cleared up so much for me!
This helped alot! I have a short report to make for class and this cleared up right-tail confusion of where the P-value even came from and why.
Already saw a few videos through google threads and such, but this was straight to the point and clear. Thanks!
I wish I found your videos earlier than the night before my exam... Super helpful though, thank you!!!
How did you do?
Omgsh same
Thank you for posting! I was forgetting one piece, and you cleared it up for me.
Thank you. Why don't most professors explain stats like this? Love the rhyme!!!
I don't usually comment on videos, but you made totally sense and now I am not confused on p-value testing! Thank you!
The Fact That I Did Not Know Anything About Hypothesis Testing Is Now Incorrect. I Actually Know How To Do It Now. Thank You :)
If the P value is low, H0 must go (reject). If the p value is high, H0 will fly (do not reflect H0) what a helpful phrase. Thank you for making this so understandable!!
Watching in 2022 really helped me understand about the P-value. Thank you 🙏
Ive been looking all over youtube for a video that explains this and you did that perfectly. My proffessor does not know how to teach in statistics becasue she didnt major in it so i have to basically teach my self via internet so thank you sir for doing an excellent job i finally get it my brotha RESPECT my brotha RESPECT
if the p- value is low, reject the null: motto for the rest of 2019
Thank you so much for this! For my stats homework I was assigned a series of problems and for some of them I had to use p-value method and for others I had to use the traditional method and your two videos on both topics really really helped. If I manage to get an A on my quiz tomorrow it'll be because of you :)
OMG thank your sir. you are like my life saver.
I could not get it when my teacher or my friends were teaching me. you explained it so well and clearly i can now understand the stuff i need to know for my exam next week. THANK YOU!!
This is a life saver for me in Stat right now. I wasn't aware that I could do it this way. Much easier.
This dude gonna get infinite amount of views cause there will always be students talking Stats
Colin Engel
That’s what I love about Math.
The methods don’t change over the years
Thank you for doing this. it was very easy to understand. Whoever thought to put these math videos online for free is a saint and so are you. This helped me complete my final exam. Thank you and I wish you the best. :)
Thank you so much man, I have a statistics exam tomorrow and this helped a bunch :D
Great videos!!! Helped me out a lot in determining difference between traditional & p value method
I probably would not mind statistics if it could be taught like this 24/7. This video literally saved my sanity. I had 2 different people trying to help me decipher what my textbook was trying to convey through vague wordy descriptions. Many frustrated hours later, I concluded the class was too complicated and I was doomed to fail. Enter sudden bright idea to check RUclips! Why in the world are we paying so much for something that only requires a ten-minute video explanation? To the creator of this video, you should be so proud of yourself. And thank you. Thank you for saving my sanity and my class score. #screwtraditionalclasses #letsdoyoutubecollege
You are the Best Statistic Teacher.
I cannot thank you enough for your fantastic explanation! As an online student I was struggling a bit with our text regarding hypothesis testing and P-Values, but you've made it much more clear. :)
I️ have a midterm tomorrow and this is super helpful for last minute notes. Thanks for the video!
This helped me understand it so much better than the book. Thank you for this!
I've been struggling with statistics, and these videos make it easier to understand. Thanks so much!
Brilliant explanation! Most of the books don't explain p-value well.Thanks a lot..
This man is the Bob Ross of statistics
Your teaching style is genius!
Thank you very much! You have taught me in this 10 minutes more than my professor has in an hour and a half. Great Job.
Thank you so much! You managed to make something as abstract as this easily understandable! Thank You!
In 10 minutes I learned a lesson that took a week of discussion and I didn't have the energy to listen to the teacher
Hey, is homework stressing you up? Having trouble balancing classes with work/life? Send me an email an I will help you out in essays, statistical units(regression analysis, test statistic, hypothesis testing Qmb 2100,3200) ,kristenchantelle@gmail.com
Safe, timely and quality assignments is guaranteed.
This video is awesome! I missed a day of class and was a little confused. I watched this video a few times and took notes and now I totally get it. You made it very easy to understand and gave little tricks that make it easy to remember. Thank you so much!
@poysermath excellent presentation, sir; you have constructed a clear, methodical and thorough calculation of the p-value method for hypothesis testing. Best on the web that I have seen. Thank you so much!
Thank you! I'm in business stats 2 and although I am familiar with finding critical values for t and z the p value has completely thrown me off! My instructor does not give lectures (I can contact her for help), and the class is solely taught by Hawkes Learning software (which is not always direct with information). This video saved me a lot of time. I've been scouring the internet trying to figure out how I find my p-value and your video put it very simple.
The area to the LEFT of a test statistic of -2.61 equals .0045. The area to the RIGHT of a test statistic of 2.61 equals .0045.
So, the P-value is the area in the tail of the test statistic. Shade to the left or to the right by reading the Alternative Hypothesis ("Ha" or "H1").
If Ha: u less # then it's a left-tail test.
If Ha: u greater # then it's a right-tail test.
If Ha: u not= # then it's a two-tail test, and the area in the tail must be doubled to find the P-value.
i found this more helpful than khan academy. I like how your to the point. Thanks Wish my luck on my exam now.
I finally understand 1 tail and 2 tailed tests.Finally!
Finally I undertood the P-value thanks!
im studying for my final, that's in a couple hours, and this actually made sense... thank you.
In traditional method, the critical value is equivalent to alpha and we can test our claim by comparing T-value and the critical value(Z), which makes sense. By using P-value method, the example you mentioned in this video, right-tailed test, the shaded area is 0.0045 which is P-value, and compare p-value with given alpha 0.01, we can test our claim.However, as alpha is given so it means that the critical area is 0.01 which is in the right tail so it seems the same as the shaded area(P-value)
My professor literally doesn't teach at all! I've taught myself all 7 chapters so far so thank you for these helpful videos!
This is incredible! You break it down so nicely and make it easy to understand. Thanks for your help!
Amazinf video. You're really good at teaching. Keeping things simple for us to understand and not go off topic like many other teachers do..
p-value is just the area between the test score and the end of the distribution. if you have a ti-83 calculator, hit 2nd > vars (distr is highlighted in yellow) > normalcdf( > and then between the parenthesis of normalcdf (), just but for example (2.61, 3.5) and that is the area between those two z-scores, which is the p-value. *z-score of 3.5 is the value i use to determine the end of the bell curve.
This video is very helpful! I've never taken stats before so I was struggling with this concept. Thanks for taking the time to make this!
Thank you very much. This is easy to understand to stats learners like me. God bless you.
Excellent presentation, sir!!! You have clarified and emphasized all the important points.
Best video out so far. I finally understood it!
thanks so much sir! u're such an excellent teacher. i wish u're my professor. tomorrow is my statistic final exam, and this helps a lot, i understood a lot now thanks so much !!! :')
this is the voice of a statistics teacher combined with a therapist
why cant you be my professor, i learned more from you in 10 minutes than i have from a weeks worth of class
I seriously love you. You are AMAZING at explaining this in a simple way :D YAY
You are awesome! :-) You explain things step by step, for the most part. I had to go back to figure out how to use the Standard Normal Distribution table, but overall, I got it! Online learning is so hard when all you really have is the book to look at and it is confusing.
You are brilliant! Definitely following your calling this is the best explanation I've found very clear and concise. Thank you for sharing!
Why?
p value is related to various confidence levels, say from lower confidence level to higher, 90, 95 & 99% as an example, which determines the higher significance level from higher to lower 10, 5 & 1% as an example. Testing based on lower confidence level has higher significance because it is a higher level of risk mitigation?
Conversely, Testing based on higher confidence level has lower significance because it is a smaller risk mitigation? Please help me intuitively understand this?
smaller p value means lower probability or likelihood of occurrence in a sample, given the population mean is true? & likewise higher p value means
higher probability or likelihood of occurrence in a sample, given population mean value is true?
& we reject the null because because of the lower probability of occurrence found in the sample, given the population mean is assumed to true.
Could u explain with an example of coin thrown 2 times in a row?
Could u explain with an example of dice thrown few times in a row?
Could u include p value based hypothesis testing using the above examples?
Thanks
gotta love this guy!! best explanations I've seen so far.
Thank you so much for posting this. I've read through my text book [Statistics: Informed Decisions Using Data (4th Edition) ( Michael Sullivan, III)] multiple times and this was clearer than the "mud" given by the book. Again, thank you.
- J.
Thank you so much for explaining so clearly. I was so not understanding the textbook. Appreciate that you share your knowledge. THANK YOU.
Simple, brief and very understandable. Thanks so much
You are phenomenal at explaining this stuff. I feel so much better about my stat final coming up! :) Thank you!!!
Thank you so much! So helpful-- way better lecture than my stat teacher : )
Let's assume we have a left-tail test; the critical area is the area in the tail that is equivalent to alpha. If alpha = 0.05, the the critical area is 0.0500, which has a corresponding z-value (sometimes called the "critical value") of -1.645.
Assume a right-tail test: alpha = 0.10; critical area = 0.1000, critical value = 1.28.
Assume a two-tail test: alpha = 0.01; critical areas = 0.0050 in each tail (which comes from alpha / 2), critical values = -2.575 and 2.575
Hope that helps!
thank you so much for the mnemonic on go and fly. That made this whole thing so clear to me like you have no idea of. Thank you
Thanks for the video! I had a hard time understanding this in my class, but you made it much easier!
Thank you for taking the time to make this video. It really helped. :)
I like the concept that the "alternative hypothesis", is correct. If 'p' exceeds 0.000001, the concept is probably correct.
thanks so much...my exam is next week...and thanks to you i completely understand it now ! :D
When you look at the z score table, you will see that is says 0.9955 but because its to the right of the bell curve, you have to subtract by 1 giving .0045. The z scores are given to the left of the curve, and since this example was a right tailed test, you had to subtract by 1.
This was an excellent explanation of a complex concept
Absolutely love it
Extremely helpful! Easy to grasp and straight to the point. Thank you for the great video!!
Wow this really helped me so much especially after the 7 minute mark! Thank you so much you explained this a lot better than my college professor did in the 3 hour lecture!!
Wow, love the way you explained it. Thank you!
Thank you a lot , that's much easier than my professor
Thank you very much! I love your methods of teaching. You make it really easy to understand, and also easy to apply. Thank YOU!!
thank you so much!!!! you made all my confusions go away
Thanks a lot.. tomorrow is my stat 101 final and that helped me!
Thanks ALOT for this video! Both my teacher, my course litterature and tons of websites couldn't explain this easily enough!
(For people struggling, try taking the value you find when you search for 2,61 in your book, which should be 0,9955, and take 1-0,9955, and you will get 0,0045!)
Thank you, thank you, thank you! I was stressing, trying to understand this concept. You stated it succinctly and in a manner which is easily understood! I'm glad I found your videos! Again, thanks from a VERY grateful student!!
Great explanation. Enjoyed the video. It was helpful.
SUCH A CLEAR WAY OF TEACHING! AMAZING! THANKS A TON SIR. 🙌❤👌