This is the actual challenge for any physicist, they want themselves to prove wrong, so that they gave start their way to more deeper theory.....more near to the fundamental
For the international football fans, perhaps the analogy goes like this: Muon g-2 experiment is awarded a free kick...but is up against the best goalkeeper in the world, the Standard Model.
@@user-sl6gn1ss8p I view it as a low probability of likelihood that whatever device you're posting on would survive an EM field of that strength. There IS the possibility, but I doubt you have the finance. On a completely unrelated tangent, can someone please get me something to drink while I wait for a degaussing team to arrive? I'm stuck here to this fridge...
@@Debilitator47 oh, I see your point, and it's very sensible, but actually I'm just shouting out my posts from the kitchen - I had to get assistance since the degaussing people were busy on another call
@@TheLocust830 I don’t know for sure but I’d say that, with a life of 2 micro seconds, they’d have to spin those muons pretty fast in the ring to be able to measure anything. Giving the inertia of a particle 200x heavier than the electron (which is light, I know) I’d imagine it would have to be quite a strong magnetic field...
You wouldn't enjoy putting your hand under a magnet 10 times stronger than your fridge magnet. Hundreds--note the plural--would flatten you between two of them.
This could be the beginning of the most amazing discoveries. I am proud to work here at fermilab and be a part of this project. There are many more projects here that in time may shed more light on the non standard models of physics! And its my sons birthday today as well! What a birthday gift....
You with the research team? If so, do you think adding some PMNS mixing terms to the perturbation series on the theoretical side could cure the discrepancy, or that possibility has already been factored in/discarded already in the comparison we were shown here?
@@thstroyur I'm not a physicist so I can't answer that. I am a senior electronic technician and my main responsibilities include fabrication and testing of electronic items. I've worked on g-2 electronics as well as a majority of our other experiments including our new Mu2e experiment. If you want to see the g-2 building and muon campus check out my latest video here on youtube. it will be up by tomorrow. I take a ride over there to show people where the magic happens...
@@icemanfiveoh "may shed more light on the non standard models of physics". Careful, or you'll get the Electric Universe and Plasma Universe people all excited... :)
Congrats - also on working at the frontiers of our assumed fundamental particles and waves. Quasi- of something much deeper and simpler. Which makes the minuteness of these assymetries so revealing - of our underlying space-time fluid's only apparant rigidness. A mesasure of the apparant vastness due to an almost completely incompressible observable space-time. Or a measure of that compressibility dispersion with space-time size and strain. Like John Macken. Thad Roberts. John Williamson. Vivian Robinson.
Let’s also applaud the fact that 200 scientists in 35 institutions in 7 countries around the world worked together to make this happen. That’s also a beautiful thing to happen.
@@AtlasReburdened So research teams are like waves and particles, in that once observed they collapse into one or the other. Neat! Science imitates reality. ...I want to read a book based on this premise.
I'm a 57 year old grandad to 4 beautiful little grandkids and I hope one of them becomes a scientist. I never got educational qualifications, unfortunately life got in the way, but I love watching stuff like this. If I'm honest I struggle sometimes to keep up with the more detailed explanations on some videos so I rewind them a few times and have to think about what I'm seeing and hearing. I've read all the books written for folk like me and really enjoyed them and wish I'd taken school much more seriously, that will always be one of the regrets of my life. So congratulations to everyone involved in this fantastic experiment 👏👏👏👏 I love the excitement and passion shown by scientists, but you're not only doing this exciting work for yourselves, you're also doing it for folk like me, so thank you. I really do hope it leads to what you're looking for and I'll be watching with interest.
You're lucky, Jim; your heart assists your mind. There are scientists who are highly educated but bored and dissatisfied, because their heart is out of tune with their mind. I am an aviation mechanic, 72 years old, and watch these lectures, sometimes, like you, without understanding what exactly is going on. But my mind has found other friends than my heart: Fermilab, the Royal Institution, and several others. They educate me without being condescending. Have no regrets, Jim. Believe me, you're luckier than you think.
Dear Jim, your mindset alone is reason enough to be proud of yourself! What happened in the past is gone and we have to focus on what we´re doing from now on. With that said, it´s great that you haven´t let your regrets take you down and maintain a positive mind, that is always willing to learn new things. A mind that constantly keeps wanting to learn and challenge itself, is a beautiful mind. So, once again, Jim, keep going and be proud of yourself for the way you´ve come and the way you´re still gonna go!
SP thank you SP. I do love watching and reading about all this amazing scientific stuff and the brilliant scientists that carry out this exciting and important work. I hope there is a parallel universe somewhere, where I'm one of the scientists doing the work... I can only hope 😉😉 All the best to you.
Same! He does have a viddo explaining the experiment or research from a while back, before they had the results of any test runs. You mightve seen it already, but just in case anyone is interested, they can find it.
A very ignorant, but genuine question: What, if any, systematic errors are associated with the physical experimental apparatus? Is there any concern that the similarity between the two experiments is possibly due to the use of the same magnet?
This was my first thought when they said they used the same magnet again. It would certainly help to do the experiment with new equipment, but I can imagine funding for this sort of research is already hard to come by.
One advantage of using the same magnet is that the systematic error should be the same for both experiments. In other words, if both results are shifted by (say) 10 units, their relative values remain the same. Therefor we can still tell if the values are different or the same.
Good question. The parts of the magnet that influence the quality of the magnetic field (the steel blocks,not the big coil) were taken apart for shipment and reassembled. The magnet was fine-tuned over the course of a year to get much better uniformity than when it was running at Brookhaven. The corrections in the analysis to take into account the field variations are thus much smaller. And, they take a break every few days to carefully remeasure the magnet, so they know the corrections better, too. That's one of many ways that this experiment is improving on the Brookhaven measurement.
it can change your life - if it shoots through your head in a wrong place (about one muon shoots through your head every second, destroying everything directly in its way - just part of natural radioactivity)
He was just saying that they were close to making a discovery like they were close to making a point in a football game. He wasn’t comparing the experiment with a football game, or using the football field as a point of reference.
"New physics", lol. If they would have been genuine researchers, they would have tried to come up with theories for the paranormal, for which there is already "new physics" data for over a century.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
What which particle in the model is doing the kickback? Is the red zone within a human hair of the end of the football field? Why not just use normal measurements and not football analogies I don't know what a red zone or kickback is
Maybe a stupid question, but if the fermilab has a 4 Times greater accuracy than the Old experiment, then why have the two errorbars the Same width in the final graphic?
This sounds like a very simple question... which has me absolutely stumped. Maybe they just assume the possibility of a certain degree of systematic error? I'd love to see this question answered by somene who actually knows what they're talking about, you've got me hooked! =)
It's more than hundreds of times more powerful than a fridge magnet According to sources I can find, this magnet was 230 Gauss. A normal fridge magnet is about 0.1 Gauss 2300x more powerful...
Whenever an anomaly happens: Everyone else: what did I/we do wrong??? Scientists: heck, yeah! That's exciting! And that's why science is so vital; it is always a work in progress.
This sort of stuff is why it is so frustrating when someone tries to compare science to religion and say that we "take it on faith" that theories are right. Like, if you just read a little bit of science news you will know that theories are under attack, being tested or confirmed with different approaches ALL THE TIME.
@@NortheastGamer Couldn't understand your point of view. But if it is made against my comment above, I can say that you didn't quite get the message. Because in matters about science, "faith" has no place.
Yeah! So they briefly touched on it, but imagine doing your job for YEARS and you don't get to see if you've made a difference or not. They literally lock up the data with a hidden code so that the scientists can't mess with it and lie about results. So they all saw that and realized they've pushed closer to understanding more about the universe than any other human has ever done! Crazy!
3:45 "This magnet is hundreds of times more powerful than the magnets on your refrigerator." Me: Buys a couple hundred refrigerator magnets and builds my own particle accelerator.
Unfortunately they don't add up simply in this way. Probably you have to make the hundred refrigerator magnets all occupy the same physical space, and then their fields will add up linearly.
Physicists every ~100 years: Yeah so we're almost done, we have the most precise theory in history, just some small things to work out. Physics every ~100 years: But wait, there's more!
I recall back in HighSchool (1986) my Math Teacher had a brother working at FermiLab and experimenting with Charm Quark! GodSpeed to the FermiLab Team and my Math Teachers!
What one is actually observing is the waveform that exists between our familiar "base 10" and the foundational "base 9." Both cover the same but are segmented differently. The placement of balance determines manifestation or perfect void. In base 10, there is 5. The same position is 4.5 in base 9. The mystery of numbers.
Try to look at the size of that magnet too.. it's 14 meter diameter (45 feet) magnet! By the way, it's not about how strong the magnetic field is, that specific strength was key and then keeping that field strength uniform and stable across that big ring is of utmost importance.
Congratulations to everyone involved! I love, love, love it when scientists talk with tentitiveness and are totally comfortable with not knowing the exact answer. It's so refreshing, thank you
They do that only as long as it is within the boundaries of the materialist dogma. Otherwise, they will dismiss you immediately, in a desperate attempt to not have their dogma destroyed.
Is your giant magnet experiment running? Better go catch it! More cogently, this is an extremely effective explanation. Great presentation. Thanks for this update.
Agreed, it doesn't oversell it but also doesn't undersell it. We have great evidence but need to keep pushing to get definitive proof that some unknown thing is happening.
I grew up five minutes from Fermi Lab and it was a big part of me going into STEM and I'm entering a PhD program at the Mayo Clinic in July!. I'm so proud of the Fermi Lab reserachers and what they've accomplished. Congratulations and hopefully you'll find that sigma5 significance to make this a proper discovery!
@@sydneylundell7720 The point of doing a job is to increase the quality of life of other people, not your ego. How is you doing engineering increases the quality of my life ?
So excited. Keep opening those doors of understanding. Your knowledge is Humanity's power. I would be happy to fund the work at Fermilab. Its not enough to have theory's one must have evidence. Even evidence of being wrong is evidence of what could be correct. Thank you for your work.
Interesting that this suggests that the muon does not satisfy the Standard Model, while just recently the LHCb group also published a result that the muon might not satisfy the SM. The task for theorists is now to suggest models which do not only explain the LHCb result, but also leave room for a slightly higher value of g-2. I wonder whether e.g. adding leptoquarks to the SM increases the value of g-2 ever so slightly? By the way, the theoretical paper referred to at 2:36 can be found on arXiv, code 2006.04822. AFAIK RUclips does not like links in comments, but Googling "arXiv 2006.04822 pdf" should directly send you to the right paper.
There was a new analysis of muon g-2 using the standard model (QED+QCD calculations) published in Nature on April 7 by Fodor et al. and their value is indeed much closer to the experimental values from Brookhaven and Fermilab.
@@FredPlanatia Do you perhaps know what the differences are from the June 2020 paper? I thought that the earlier paper also took QED and QCD calculations into consideration, so does this new paper perhaps use a different method than lattice QCD to approximate the QCD contribution?
I don't know much about physics, but I do know that freakin' genius Roger Penrose has often suggested we need a new physics beyond quantum mechanics to explain the universe.
Way to go Dr. Don and company. Just don't forget what happened at the Black Mesa facility. If an incident like that were to happen at Fermilab, then Dr. Don would be the next Gordon Freeman.
WHAT! "If theory and experiment don't agree, then there must be undiscovered particles or forces at work". That is at best only partially true. What if the theory is inaccurate - as a scientist must consider? If you accept that opening premise then you are going to be looking for particles/forces that don't exist such as the unverified neutrinos and dark matter/energy.
Exactly. The whole of physics is such a delusion. The nature of reality is consciousness, not invented concepts such as "matter", "energy", "forces", etc.
When I was in my teens and early twenties I was pretty cavalier about my own demise. It didn't matter to me if I lived till the next day. Now that I'm a bit older, I've realised that it would be nice to be around for several decades just so I get answers to the kind of questions raised by experimental results like this.
Let's all learn to do the Muon Wobble. It's just a spin to the left and then a pop in to the right, put your magnets together and pull your electrons in tight.
So all this is just for 0.00000001 difference? And that is considered big?. If I were to take pi and add that number, for it to differ 1 mm from the actual radius, the radius has to be 100 km. The earth has a radius of 6371 km. So the difference on the scale of the earth would be 64 mm. Wow Big Groundbreaking. Chapeau Unbelievable Holy crap. 64 mm difference on planetary scale.
Fridge magnets might well be the weakest magnets made by mankind. My toddler daughter is a destroyer of worlds from the perspective of a fridge magnet.
In much the same way, astronomers in the Middle Ages could make precise measurements of the position of planets. Any deviation from the predicted positions would indicate the presence of a new epicycle not present in the existing theory. There are a number of nagging problems in physics right now, notably dark energy, dark matter, and the inconsistency between QM and GR. I can't shake the suspicion that maybe we have pushed the current paradigm as far as we can, and to make real progress we will need a very different perspective.
Very interesting, but there is a significant flaw in your data. You keep alluding to a football field, but describe a gridiron field. Please stop appropriating other culture's traditional names for your own, very recent contrivances.
This is a noble-prize-winner type of proyect. All of the scientists and engineers working in it are gonna be so proud. Im excited that our understanding of the universe has reached a new height, finally. We should all be proud of these physicists
I think this has more long-term ramifications than one might think. This paper, on its own, is a confirmation of another seminal work so this is similar to what the second publication regarding a certain anomaly called the "photoelectric effect" must've been like over a century ago. On its own, it doesn't bring a lot to the table but helps set the table for future theoretical research
Where is Fermilab? America. How do I know? They measure using "football fields". On a more serious note, this is great stuff! Keep up the good work! 8D
Congratulations! ... and when I fully understand the implications it might give me the insights I need to help fix my wobbly table. Keep up the great work
I just have to laugh at the scientific self-perpetuating complexity of the material universe reality we know and created. If the scientists figure it all out, this reality and all that we know and perceive that we created in the first place would cease to exist. On the other hand LOL ! There is always something more or new to discover.
I would be more convinced if the experiment had been redesigned from the ground up. Sure, shipping the big magnet was a big engineering feat... but could there be something about it that skews the results? Some subtle isotopic effect, perhaps?
You guys are totally off the ball on these statements. The measurements provide no evidence of a fifth force. Instead the correct neutrino Physics wasn’t put into the theoretical calculations. Once the theorists do correct calculations, you will find there is absolutely nothing beyond the Standard Model.
On April 7, 2021, a group of scientists published a new theoretical analysis of the expected value of the muon's g-2 value using the standard model of physics (Fodor et al.). They arrive at a value much closer to the new experimental result obtained by Fermilab. So to stay in your American football analogy, while the scientists were rushing for the goalline the defence moved the goal posts. More to the point: the theoretical calculations of the muon g-2 value are complex and challenging requiring supercomputers and clever algorithms. As the computational capability improves the theoretical value will also change. Eventually things will converge, or diverge as both theoretical and experimental methods continue to get more and more precise. Then we will know if we have new physics.
People who watch these videos don’t need scientists to dumb down their messaging and try to relate it to touchdowns in football. That just comes off as condescending.
All the excitement about top quark in the ‘90s, all the excitement about the Higgs Boson ten years ago, all the excitement about neutrinos today. I’m just glad to see leptons finally getting some love.
How does this possibly undiscovered particle translate to the muon's odd behaviour? What is the link between the presence of this particle and the interaction of virtual particles with muons? Hope someone can clarify this, hopefully with an extensive (yet easily understandable 😛) elaboration!
diffrent quantum fields have diffrent coupling coefficient with diffrent fields, this deviation not necessarily means, new particles, it may be just, standard model just does not account, one of these coupling factors, accurate enough.
Basically new particles would also fluctuate in and out of existence and cause an additional disturbance in the interaction of the muon with the magnetic field. This would cause a change in g-2. Since this new particle is not included in the standard model, when you calculate the expected value of g-2 using the standard model you get a value which is slightly different from the experimental one.
But they didn't change the theory though or did I miss that. They're explaining the discrepancy with another theory that fits in with the previous one.
Not a physicist but considering that the path integral and other tools used in research level physics is not yet on solid mathematical footing it is not too surprising that some systematic error have snuck into the prediction. What is really impressive to me is how close the prediction is to the actual result.
Actually, it's very unlikely this will change anything we learned in school about physics. We're talking about adding to the picture here, not changing what we already know.
The science we mostly learn in school, has been corrected over so many years. Also, it's basic science, so there must not be any change but addition in current basics
dude we approximate pi as 3.14 in calculations in school...and you think a change from 2.00233183620... to 2.00233184080.. will change the school physics...even accelaration due to gravity was 10m/s^2 bruh..
Interesting, informative and worthwhile video. The relevant paper [# 2006.04822 (v2)] may be found at arXiv.org . Another relevant and worthwhile paper "The Muon Smasher's Guide" (# 2103.14043) at the aforementioned site.
What blows my mind the most is the fact that particles just pop in and out of existence "but from where"??? and the fact that a Muon can measure they are their just by the wobble of interaction. It's like trillions of big bangs or minute bangs going off all over every square meter of space throughout our Universe. I wonder what it would sound like if you could hear it.
@@8thsinner Using the word particles is not an assumption but an analogous description to explain what is going on. Gravity and equilibrium play the most massive parts in atomic stability and we are poking them with a stick.
![NOSFERATU - Official Trailer [HD] - Only In Theaters December 25](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/nulvWqYUM8k/mqdefault.jpg)
scientists are excited in proving themselves wrong - this should be an example to follow..
Golden words
Usually they are excited to prove other scientists wrong, however they are mostly friendly about it.
Being proven wrong means increasing knowledge.
This is the actual challenge for any physicist, they want themselves to prove wrong, so that they gave start their way to more deeper theory.....more near to the fundamental
Bought a tear to my eye. Humanity at it’s absolute best.
@7:15 Helping me understand how American football works with the help of a particle physics analogy.
I imagine the red zone is close to something really good.
On its woke knees hahaha
same lol
I bet they're using yardstick and inchtape - that's why it deviates from Standard Model
@@error200http yeah, that’s why they get previous 8 decimal places EXACTLY the same.
Ok this is epic
Better get to work on that video c:
Yeye
The physics man himself
Hey Andrew
Sure this is! Great to find u here♥️
The third time they tried this, they discovered a Charm.
You clever bastard ;)
When they did it again, they found it was 'Strange'
@@mn9365 It's a science/quantum-related joke. You have quarks, electrons, charms, etc. Then the saying "Third time is a charm". Get it?!
After 5 experiments it was said to be the 'TOP' discovery of 2 decades
5:39: Again with the American scientific unit the "football field".
and with the splitting hairs...or is that split ends?
@@richardneumann3335 omg, I do believe that this is what drowning in precision is like....
Would you prefer rugby field? Cricket pitch? Sumo ring?
@@gyozakeynsianism I think standard shipping container should take over.
For the international football fans, perhaps the analogy goes like this: Muon g-2 experiment is awarded a free kick...but is up against the best goalkeeper in the world, the Standard Model.
This is great, I'm so sick of stuff falling off my fridge. About time they have stronger magnets.
HUNDREDs of times stronger!
I think this magnet is strong enough to stick YOU to your fridge, if i'm not mistaken about potentials and such.
@@Debilitator47 bold of you to assume we're not already stuck to our fridges
@@user-sl6gn1ss8p I view it as a low probability of likelihood that whatever device you're posting on would survive an EM field of that strength. There IS the possibility, but I doubt you have the finance.
On a completely unrelated tangent, can someone please get me something to drink while I wait for a degaussing team to arrive? I'm stuck here to this fridge...
@@Debilitator47 oh, I see your point, and it's very sensible, but actually I'm just shouting out my posts from the kitchen - I had to get assistance since the degaussing people were busy on another call
"This magnet is hundreds of times stronger than the ones on your refrigerator." Only hundreds? That's it?
They don't need to be insanely strong to influence tiny muons. It's a big ring of very precisely calibrated magnets.
@@TheLocust830 I don’t know for sure but I’d say that, with a life of 2 micro seconds, they’d have to spin those muons pretty fast in the ring to be able to measure anything. Giving the inertia of a particle 200x heavier than the electron (which is light, I know) I’d imagine it would have to be quite a strong magnetic field...
The precision of the magnetic field's calibration is what's important and special about it, not its strength.
You wouldn't enjoy putting your hand under a magnet 10 times stronger than your fridge magnet. Hundreds--note the plural--would flatten you between two of them.
@@ApprovingSeal i was boggled when they said "4 years of calibrating, 1 year of analyzing."
This could be the beginning of the most amazing discoveries. I am proud to work here at fermilab and be a part of this project. There are many more projects here that in time may shed more light on the non standard models of physics! And its my sons birthday today as well! What a birthday gift....
You with the research team? If so, do you think adding some PMNS mixing terms to the perturbation series on the theoretical side could cure the discrepancy, or that possibility has already been factored in/discarded already in the comparison we were shown here?
@@thstroyur I'm not a physicist so I can't answer that. I am a senior electronic technician and my main responsibilities include fabrication and testing of electronic items. I've worked on g-2 electronics as well as a majority of our other experiments including our new Mu2e experiment. If you want to see the g-2 building and muon campus check out my latest video here on youtube. it will be up by tomorrow. I take a ride over there to show people where the magic happens...
@@icemanfiveoh "may shed more light on the non standard models of physics".
Careful, or you'll get the Electric Universe and Plasma Universe people all excited... :)
Congrats - also on working at the frontiers of our assumed fundamental particles and waves. Quasi- of something much deeper and simpler. Which makes the minuteness of these assymetries so revealing - of our underlying space-time fluid's only apparant rigidness. A mesasure of the apparant vastness due to an almost completely incompressible observable space-time. Or a measure of that compressibility dispersion with space-time size and strain. Like John Macken. Thad Roberts. John Williamson. Vivian Robinson.
Congrats to your team, and happy birthday to your son.
"It's just rediculously precise"
*LIGO Team:* Has joined the chat.
😂😂😂
@@JonesDTaylor Yeah but how many orders of magnitude was their sigma 5? I think that's where you see the real difference.
Let’s also applaud the fact that 200 scientists in 35 institutions in 7 countries around the world worked together to make this happen. That’s also a beautiful thing to happen.
@@BLRSharpLight Ah yes, I forgot that only either Hanford or Livingston can exist at any given moment.
@@AtlasReburdened So research teams are like waves and particles, in that once observed they collapse into one or the other. Neat! Science imitates reality.
...I want to read a book based on this premise.
I'm a 57 year old grandad to 4 beautiful little grandkids and I hope one of them becomes a scientist. I never got educational qualifications, unfortunately life got in the way, but I love watching stuff like this. If I'm honest I struggle sometimes to keep up with the more detailed explanations on some videos so I rewind them a few times and have to think about what I'm seeing and hearing. I've read all the books written for folk like me and really enjoyed them and wish I'd taken school much more seriously, that will always be one of the regrets of my life. So congratulations to everyone involved in this fantastic experiment 👏👏👏👏 I love the excitement and passion shown by scientists, but you're not only doing this exciting work for yourselves, you're also doing it for folk like me, so thank you. I really do hope it leads to what you're looking for and I'll be watching with interest.
You're lucky, Jim; your heart assists your mind. There are scientists who are highly educated but bored and dissatisfied, because their heart is out of tune with their mind. I am an aviation mechanic, 72 years old, and watch these lectures, sometimes, like you, without understanding what exactly is going on. But my mind has found other friends than my heart: Fermilab, the Royal Institution, and several others. They educate me without being condescending. Have no regrets, Jim. Believe me, you're luckier than you think.
Dear Jim, your mindset alone is reason enough to be proud of yourself! What happened in the past is gone and we have to focus on what we´re doing from now on. With that said, it´s great that you haven´t let your regrets take you down and maintain a positive mind, that is always willing to learn new things. A mind that constantly keeps wanting to learn and challenge itself, is a beautiful mind.
So, once again, Jim, keep going and be proud of yourself for the way you´ve come and the way you´re still gonna go!
You are wonderful granddad I've ever met on comments , great to have you with us .
Be curious , it's never too late to start anything .
Aero Dynamico thank you Aero 👍 I can only hope I have passed something on to my grandkids. All the best to you sir.
SP thank you SP. I do love watching and reading about all this amazing scientific stuff and the brilliant scientists that carry out this exciting and important work. I hope there is a parallel universe somewhere, where I'm one of the scientists doing the work... I can only hope 😉😉 All the best to you.
Can't wait for Don's video on this!
Same! He does have a viddo explaining the experiment or research from a while back, before they had the results of any test runs. You mightve seen it already, but just in case anyone is interested, they can find it.
YES
Agreed!
Who's is Don? Can you give the channel name please? Thx!
@@canchamp Dr Don Lincoln is the guy on this Fermilab channel who hosts Subatomic Stories and other series
5:38 the infamous american football field, the universal standard of measurement
Been checking the news almost every day for this... Congratulations to us all, and hats off to you folks at Fermilab!
A very ignorant, but genuine question: What, if any, systematic errors are associated with the physical experimental apparatus? Is there any concern that the similarity between the two experiments is possibly due to the use of the same magnet?
It doesn't make any sense: how could that influence the experiment?
(But thumbs up for critical thought anyhow).
This was my first thought when they said they used the same magnet again. It would certainly help to do the experiment with new equipment, but I can imagine funding for this sort of research is already hard to come by.
One advantage of using the same magnet is that the systematic error should be the same for both experiments. In other words, if both results are shifted by (say) 10 units, their relative values remain the same. Therefor we can still tell if the values are different or the same.
Good question. The parts of the magnet that influence the quality of the magnetic field (the steel blocks,not the big coil) were taken apart for shipment and reassembled. The magnet was fine-tuned over the course of a year to get much better uniformity than when it was running at Brookhaven. The corrections in the analysis to take into account the field variations are thus much smaller. And, they take a break every few days to carefully remeasure the magnet, so they know the corrections better, too. That's one of many ways that this experiment is improving on the Brookhaven measurement.
I think it just gives the same error as the previous results and then just chug it off
When I saw Fermilab had a new video up I was over here doing the Muon Wobble. 2021 ain't ready for this dance madness
Lol
Wobble baby wobble baby wobble baby wobble
ALL THE MUONS IN THE CLUB!
1 single muon can't change my life;
But,it can change whole physics
just to be pedantic. The measuerements were properbly taken with several billion muons.
it can change your life - if it shoots through your head in a wrong place (about one muon shoots through your head every second, destroying everything directly in its way - just part of natural radioactivity)
@@plopgoot5458 you beat me to the comment
Physics doesn't want to be changed. It wants to remain the same mind-numbing materialistic church.
@@visancosmin8991 brain smoothening: perhaps you should do some mathematic proofs
American scientists discover something: So it's like a football field.
Why do they do this every damn time? just use metric already!
No!!!! Football good!!!!!!!!
Use metric? so you mean, like a soccer field?
He was just saying that they were close to making a discovery like they were close to making a point in a football game. He wasn’t comparing the experiment with a football game, or using the football field as a point of reference.
American here: AGREED!
Props to the folk who had to explain to the government why we need colliders.
underrated comment!
Possibly the biggest eyeroll ive ever made right here
C'mon new physics, you can do it! Love you guys, thank yall so much for your work!
"New physics", lol. If they would have been genuine researchers, they would have tried to come up with theories for the paranormal, for which there is already "new physics" data for over a century.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
What which particle in the model is doing the kickback? Is the red zone within a human hair of the end of the football field? Why not just use normal measurements and not football analogies I don't know what a red zone or kickback is
Maybe a stupid question, but if the fermilab has a 4 Times greater accuracy than the Old experiment, then why have the two errorbars the Same width in the final graphic?
This sounds like a very simple question... which has me absolutely stumped.
Maybe they just assume the possibility of a certain degree of systematic error?
I'd love to see this question answered by somene who actually knows what they're talking about, you've got me hooked! =)
Just a mistake. They shouldn't be the same
It's more than hundreds of times more powerful than a fridge magnet
According to sources I can find, this magnet was 230 Gauss.
A normal fridge magnet is about 0.1 Gauss
2300x more powerful...
Well, it is hundreds of times stronger then
... i.e. 23 hundred times stronger
2.3E+3 times stronger
@@creatorzp no, 22 hundred 99 times stronger
World: meters, liters, kilometers
Americans: foot, gallons, football fields.
God bless America
Brasil: Maracanã stadiums (seriously...) or football fields as well
But how many would fit in an area the size of Wales?
Yes, it have you not noticed how exacting the NFL is on field dimensions? See those white lines every 10m ( + or - 0.0000000000000001 ) on the field.
Whenever an anomaly happens:
Everyone else: what did I/we do wrong???
Scientists: heck, yeah! That's exciting!
And that's why science is so vital; it is always a work in progress.
This sort of stuff is why it is so frustrating when someone tries to compare science to religion and say that we "take it on faith" that theories are right. Like, if you just read a little bit of science news you will know that theories are under attack, being tested or confirmed with different approaches ALL THE TIME.
@@NortheastGamer Couldn't understand your point of view. But if it is made against my comment above, I can say that you didn't quite get the message. Because in matters about science, "faith" has no place.
The researchers clapping at 6:23 really sound super enthusiastic!
Yeah! So they briefly touched on it, but imagine doing your job for YEARS and you don't get to see if you've made a difference or not. They literally lock up the data with a hidden code so that the scientists can't mess with it and lie about results. So they all saw that and realized they've pushed closer to understanding more about the universe than any other human has ever done! Crazy!
😂😂👍
@@IntrusiveThot420 I see that you understand sarcasm
As an architect, and science aficionado, I truly admire the skill and knowledge that it takes to even design these machines. Bravo.
Today I found out about red zone on the foodball field.
me too, but not here, rather on video about muons on fermi lab channel
3:45 "This magnet is hundreds of times more powerful than the magnets on your refrigerator."
Me: Buys a couple hundred refrigerator magnets and builds my own particle accelerator.
Unfortunately they don't add up simply in this way. Probably you have to make the hundred refrigerator magnets all occupy the same physical space, and then their fields will add up linearly.
Does this have anything to do with the bottom quark decay favoring electrons over muons anomaly recently reported?
No. Obviously.
Physicists every ~100 years: Yeah so we're almost done, we have the most precise theory in history, just some small things to work out.
Physics every ~100 years: But wait, there's more!
all that while keep telling you that free energy is fake
They still haven't got to consciousness. So "physics" still remains a pseudoscience.
I recall back in HighSchool (1986) my Math Teacher had a brother working at FermiLab and experimenting with Charm Quark! GodSpeed to the FermiLab Team and my Math Teachers!
What one is actually observing is the waveform that exists between our familiar "base 10" and the foundational "base 9." Both cover the same but are segmented differently. The placement of balance determines manifestation or perfect void. In base 10, there is 5. The same position is 4.5 in base 9. The mystery of numbers.
No one:
Americans explaining sizes: *f o o t b a l l f i e l d*
that's because the Imperial units are so _intuitive_
That's because if all the people who have seen a football field were blades of grass, you could fill a football field with them many times over.
3:53 Giant Magnet Appreciation Club holds it's first ever gathering!
Sign me up!
Only hundreds of times stronger? You've got some amazing kitchen magnets!
Try to look at the size of that magnet too.. it's 14 meter diameter (45 feet) magnet! By the way, it's not about how strong the magnetic field is, that specific strength was key and then keeping that field strength uniform and stable across that big ring is of utmost importance.
that's what I thought also.
Congratulations to everyone involved! I love, love, love it when scientists talk with tentitiveness and are totally comfortable with not knowing the exact answer. It's so refreshing, thank you
They do that only as long as it is within the boundaries of the materialist dogma. Otherwise, they will dismiss you immediately, in a desperate attempt to not have their dogma destroyed.
Kudos to those who are passionate about their vocation.
Passionate about their gravy train, yes.
Nice work fermilab! Thanks for sharing in a way easy for the general public too!
Proud and excited to be a part of the collaboration
Congratulations to all the people who were a part of this!
That's quite sad, to be proud to be a priest of "matter".
It's stuff like this that brings out the little wannabe scientist in me from when I was a kid! This is absolutely incredible!
Yes, I've always felt that 2.00233183620 was a little low. It was about time that we got that 0,0000022973214% raise.
Is your giant magnet experiment running? Better go catch it!
More cogently, this is an extremely effective explanation. Great presentation. Thanks for this update.
Agreed, it doesn't oversell it but also doesn't undersell it. We have great evidence but need to keep pushing to get definitive proof that some unknown thing is happening.
I want Don Lincoln to tell me this, with his cheesy jokes and friendly demeanor
Its woke karen time.. no time for science
I grew up five minutes from Fermi Lab and it was a big part of me going into STEM and I'm entering a PhD program at the Mayo Clinic in July!. I'm so proud of the Fermi Lab reserachers and what they've accomplished. Congratulations and hopefully you'll find that sigma5 significance to make this a proper discovery!
Why would I care that you enter a phd ?
@@visancosmin8991 it's almost like I was introduced to Engineering at Fermi Lab or something. Huh.
@@sydneylundell7720 The point of doing a job is to increase the quality of life of other people, not your ego. How is you doing engineering increases the quality of my life ?
@@visancosmin8991 apparently by giving you someone to argue with in social media.
@@sydneylundell7720 Lol.
So excited. Keep opening those doors of understanding. Your knowledge is Humanity's power. I would be happy to fund the work at Fermilab. Its not enough to have theory's one must have evidence. Even evidence of being wrong is evidence of what could be correct. Thank you for your work.
Knowing enough that we know we are not right is the best driving factor in science
Yet they are still not aware of consciousness.
Interesting that this suggests that the muon does not satisfy the Standard Model, while just recently the LHCb group also published a result that the muon might not satisfy the SM. The task for theorists is now to suggest models which do not only explain the LHCb result, but also leave room for a slightly higher value of g-2.
I wonder whether e.g. adding leptoquarks to the SM increases the value of g-2 ever so slightly?
By the way, the theoretical paper referred to at 2:36 can be found on arXiv, code 2006.04822. AFAIK RUclips does not like links in comments, but Googling "arXiv 2006.04822 pdf" should directly send you to the right paper.
There was a new analysis of muon g-2 using the standard model (QED+QCD calculations) published in Nature on April 7 by Fodor et al. and their value is indeed much closer to the experimental values from Brookhaven and Fermilab.
@@FredPlanatia Do you perhaps know what the differences are from the June 2020 paper? I thought that the earlier paper also took QED and QCD calculations into consideration, so does this new paper perhaps use a different method than lattice QCD to approximate the QCD contribution?
I don't know much about physics, but I do know that freakin' genius Roger Penrose has often suggested we need a new physics beyond quantum mechanics to explain the universe.
Penrose even talks about consciousness. And I recommend his book Shadows of the Mind.
Way to go Dr. Don and company. Just don't forget what happened at the Black Mesa facility. If an incident like that were to happen at Fermilab, then Dr. Don would be the next Gordon Freeman.
They're waiting for you Gordon... in the test chamber...
Lmao was not expecting this
I have wondered how often scientists in this field hear/get Halflife jokes.
WHAT! "If theory and experiment don't agree, then there must be undiscovered particles or forces at work". That is at best only partially true. What if the theory is inaccurate - as a scientist must consider? If you accept that opening premise then you are going to be looking for particles/forces that don't exist such as the unverified neutrinos and dark matter/energy.
Exactly. The whole of physics is such a delusion. The nature of reality is consciousness, not invented concepts such as "matter", "energy", "forces", etc.
I've registered for the webinar on this topic but I would've to attend it at 12:30 am as I live in India.
SAME
How did u register for this webinar?
way past bedtime, unacceptable
Why is attending at 12.30 a problem?
@@johnjordan3552 It starts from 12:30 lol and its exam time in India so Many of us have to get up early in the morning
So much hype... probably just another mistake in the measurements, like the faster than light particles a couple of years ago!
Exactly. They need to justify their salaries.
I can't die yet, still waiting to see more of this
How old are you friend?
When I was in my teens and early twenties I was pretty cavalier about my own demise. It didn't matter to me if I lived till the next day. Now that I'm a bit older, I've realised that it would be nice to be around for several decades just so I get answers to the kind of questions raised by experimental results like this.
@@BLRSharpLight Works for anything.
😳😉👍
I highly doubt that running as fast as you can is healthy, you shouldn't go into the anaerobic zone frequently
Does this add anything to supersymmetry?
Let's all learn to do the Muon Wobble.
It's just a spin to the left and then a pop in to the right, put your magnets together and pull your electrons in tight.
Lol, my thoughts exactly ♥
Bravo Fermilab 😄😘😁🥳🍉🍉
So, this isn't the type of magnet you'd stick on your fridge. This is the type of magnet that would rip your fridge straight out of the wall socket?
no, a magnet that would rip your fridge through the wall
And wobble, wobble, wobble ♥
I felt so included when I saw the Jupyter Notebook lol. Congrats Fermilab!
This so much. Glad to see I'm trained enough with the right tools.
omg it's in the tip of 5 sigma!
but it's not 5 sigma so it's a waste of our time to report on these prematurely
So all this is just for 0.00000001 difference? And that is considered big?.
If I were to take pi and add that number, for it to differ 1 mm from the actual radius, the radius has to be 100 km.
The earth has a radius of 6371 km.
So the difference on the scale of the earth would be 64 mm.
Wow
Big
Groundbreaking.
Chapeau
Unbelievable
Holy crap.
64 mm difference on planetary scale.
Behold, our device that is literally HUNDREDS of times stronger than a fridge magnet!
I don't really know anything about how strong the magnet is, but I assume that it isn't nearly as anti-climatic as it sounds
Fridge magnets might well be the weakest magnets made by mankind. My toddler daughter is a destroyer of worlds from the perspective of a fridge magnet.
Direction of induction (some theories in video) , 1193936, 1204522 Hong Kong short term patents done it before. (Power generating)
It's experiments, research and it's findings and thrill of discovering something new which makes life worth living for.
In much the same way, astronomers in the Middle Ages could make precise measurements of the position of planets. Any deviation from the predicted positions would indicate the presence of a new epicycle not present in the existing theory.
There are a number of nagging problems in physics right now, notably dark energy, dark matter, and the inconsistency between QM and GR. I can't shake the suspicion that maybe we have pushed the current paradigm as far as we can, and to make real progress we will need a very different perspective.
Damn, and I just bought Michio kaku's new book.
Such a boring materialistic book.
Very interesting, but there is a significant flaw in your data.
You keep alluding to a football field, but describe a gridiron field.
Please stop appropriating other culture's traditional names for your own, very recent contrivances.
Incredible news!! C'mon new physics!!
Does it say anything about consciousness ? Then is nothing new. Same old boring materialist dogma.
I've been learning about physics for over 10 years now, and I absolutely love how I continue to learn new things.
I give you a hint: learn about consciousness.
This is a noble-prize-winner type of proyect. All of the scientists and engineers working in it are gonna be so proud.
Im excited that our understanding of the universe has reached a new height, finally.
We should all be proud of these physicists
It Could be a Nobel price in a few years ONCE there is a good theory. that fits the measurements.
I think this has more long-term ramifications than one might think. This paper, on its own, is a confirmation of another seminal work so this is similar to what the second publication regarding a certain anomaly called the "photoelectric effect" must've been like over a century ago. On its own, it doesn't bring a lot to the table but helps set the table for future theoretical research
What new understanding ? Can you summarise it ?
“The magnet is hundreds of times stronger than your fridge magnet” So that’s why I couldn’t do particle physics with my fridge magnets :/ dang
The muon has wobbled like no wobble has wibbled before.
Wise words
Isn't it ironic that the narrator uses US customary units in a science video?
Including the most popular American unit, the football field.
Where is Fermilab? America. How do I know? They measure using "football fields".
On a more serious note, this is great stuff! Keep up the good work! 8D
The cult of bumping, virtual, and spinning particles at its most foolish. "We are in the red zone." Translation: Please send money
Congratulations! ... and when I fully understand the implications it might give me the insights I need to help fix my wobbly table.
Keep up the great work
@@creamwobbly maybe he eats, somewhere else
I just have to laugh at the scientific self-perpetuating complexity of the material universe reality we know and created. If the scientists figure it all out, this reality and all that we know and perceive that we created in the first place would cease to exist. On the other hand LOL ! There is always something more or new to discover.
Fermilab kills it again... awesome work!!
Neah... is quite boring.
I would be more convinced if the experiment had been redesigned from the ground up. Sure, shipping the big magnet was a big engineering feat... but could there be something about it that skews the results? Some subtle isotopic effect, perhaps?
Muon wobble sounds like a new dance. Fifth force is fascinating. 100 authors of a scientific paper is amusing.
Bilionth mumbo-jumbo force.
You guys are totally off the ball on these statements. The measurements provide no evidence of a fifth force. Instead the correct neutrino Physics wasn’t put into the theoretical calculations. Once the theorists do correct calculations, you will find there is absolutely nothing beyond the Standard Model.
On April 7, 2021, a group of scientists published a new theoretical analysis of the expected value of the muon's g-2 value using the standard model of physics (Fodor et al.). They arrive at a value much closer to the new experimental result obtained by Fermilab. So to stay in your American football analogy, while the scientists were rushing for the goalline the defence moved the goal posts. More to the point: the theoretical calculations of the muon g-2 value are complex and challenging requiring supercomputers and clever algorithms. As the computational capability improves the theoretical value will also change. Eventually things will converge, or diverge as both theoretical and experimental methods continue to get more and more precise. Then we will know if we have new physics.
People who watch these videos don’t need scientists to dumb down their messaging and try to relate it to touchdowns in football. That just comes off as condescending.
All the excitement about top quark in the ‘90s, all the excitement about the Higgs Boson ten years ago, all the excitement about neutrinos today. I’m just glad to see leptons finally getting some love.
How does this possibly undiscovered particle translate to the muon's odd behaviour? What is the link between the presence of this particle and the interaction of virtual particles with muons? Hope someone can clarify this, hopefully with an extensive (yet easily understandable 😛) elaboration!
diffrent quantum fields have diffrent coupling coefficient with diffrent fields, this deviation not necessarily means, new particles, it may be just, standard model just does not account, one of these coupling factors, accurate enough.
Basically new particles would also fluctuate in and out of existence and cause an additional disturbance in the interaction of the muon with the magnetic field. This would cause a change in g-2. Since this new particle is not included in the standard model, when you calculate the expected value of g-2 using the standard model you get a value which is slightly different from the experimental one.
Particles mumbo-jumbo. There are no particles. There is only consciousness. "Particles" is just an idea in consciousness.
When Theory and Reality don’t agree:
Scientists: Let’s change the theory!
Politicians: Let’s change reality!! 🤦🏻♂️
But they didn't change the theory though or did I miss that. They're explaining the discrepancy with another theory that fits in with the previous one.
I wonder if we could come up with a standard model for religion which we could then use to measure against physical experimentation?
"These pretzels are making me thirsty!"
THESE PRETZELS ARE MAKING ME THIRSTY !!!!
A theory is at the mercy of the theorist
JUST ANNOUNCED:
PHYSICS 2
DLC not included. Costs $99.99
Not a physicist but considering that the path integral and other tools used in research level physics is not yet on solid mathematical footing it is not too surprising that some systematic error have snuck into the prediction. What is really impressive to me is how close the prediction is to the actual result.
"Theories we learned in school may be wrong WOOHOO!" - pretty much sums up science
Actually, it's very unlikely this will change anything we learned in school about physics. We're talking about adding to the picture here, not changing what we already know.
The science we mostly learn in school, has been corrected over so many years. Also, it's basic science, so there must not be any change but addition in current basics
dude we approximate pi as 3.14 in calculations in school...and you think a change from 2.00233183620... to 2.00233184080.. will change the school physics...even accelaration due to gravity was 10m/s^2 bruh..
Interesting, informative and worthwhile video. The relevant paper [# 2006.04822 (v2)] may be found at arXiv.org . Another relevant and worthwhile paper "The Muon Smasher's Guide" (# 2103.14043) at the aforementioned site.
Scientists: New discovery! This is amazing news!
The Internet: Muon goes brrrrrr.. heheh.
This is the way the world works. No wait This is the way the world works. No no sorry wait this is the way the world works
“A magnet “hundreds” of times more powerful than your fridge magnets.” Either the author suffers from innumeracy, or I do.
Not innumeracy -- confusing "Big" with "Powerful." Anyway, somebody said the ratio is 2300 to 1 (230 to 0.1).... 2300 is hundreds.
Python Jupyter notebook ... great:!! 😁😁
I know the solution! The standard model is apparently measured in football fields, but they are playing with Canadian Football rules.
Is that an Inception reference in the beginning of the video? 🤨🤨🤨 am I dreaming?
What blows my mind the most is the fact that particles just pop in and out of existence "but from where"??? and the fact that a Muon can measure they are their just by the wobble of interaction. It's like trillions of big bangs or minute bangs going off all over every square meter of space throughout our Universe. I wonder what it would sound like if you could hear it.
The assumption is that it is particles.
It is not particles, it is interference of a very different nature. Ether gravitational flux.
@@8thsinner Using the word particles is not an assumption but an analogous description to explain what is going on. Gravity and equilibrium play the most massive parts in atomic stability and we are poking them with a stick.
Maybe it's my high-iron diet, but I find that giant magnet very attractive