🎯 Key points for quick navigation: 00:00 *🎤 Kathryn Coldham introduces herself and the CMS experiment at CERN.* 00:38 *👩🔬 She began working at CERN at age 17 and studied physics at Queen Mary University.* 01:14 *🌍 CERN is a European organization for nuclear research, established in 1954 to reunite countries after WWII.* 01:45 *🤝 CERN has grown from 12 to 23 member states with associates and observers outside Europe.* 02:24 *🔬 Particle physics studies tiny particles that are the building blocks of the universe.* 03:26 *🧬 Zooming into matter reveals atoms, nuclei, protons, and ultimately quarks-elementary particles.* 04:22 *📊 The Standard Model describes all elementary particles and their interactions.* 04:56 *⚛️ Introduces force carriers: photon, W and Z bosons, and gluon, which mediate fundamental forces.* 05:25 *🏆 W and Z bosons were discovered at CERN in 1983.* 05:55 *💪 The strong nuclear force is immensely strong, 10 times stronger than gravity.* 06:31 *🚀 CERN uses a series of accelerators to overcome strong forces and accelerate particles.* 07:01 *⚙️ Particle acceleration begins with hydrogen atoms stripped of electrons to produce protons.* 08:41 *🌌 The Large Hadron Collider accelerates particles to near light speed for collisions.* 09:20 *🕵️ Introduction to the CMS detector, a general-purpose detector studying various physics phenomena.* 09:50 *🔍 CMS stands for Compact Muon Solenoid; 'Compact' because it packs a lot into a small space.* 10:23 *🚌 Size comparisons: CMS is 15 meters high, equivalent to 3.5 double-decker buses stacked.* 12:06 *⚖️ CMS weighs 14,000 tonnes, heavier than the Eiffel Tower's 10,000 tonnes.* 14:57 *🏗️ CMS was built by assembling components above ground and lowering them underground in slices.* 17:05 *🛠️ The CMS detector has multiple layers, each designed to detect different types of particles.* 20:13 *🔄 Explanation of how various particles are detected and identified within CMS.* 21:21 *📏 The proton beam is extremely small, about 2 millimeters wide, containing billions of protons.* 24:10 *💡 The electromagnetic calorimeter uses crystals to measure particle energy via emitted light.* 25:08 *🧲 The solenoid magnet generates a powerful 4 Tesla magnetic field to bend particle paths.* 26:07 *🗄️ A trigger system manages and reduces the vast amount of data generated by collisions.* 28:26 *🏅 The Higgs boson was discovered in 2012 by CMS and ATLAS, confirming its role in particle mass.* 29:59 *🔄 CMS uses event reconstruction to identify original particles from detected final state particles.* 30:31 *🕵️ The Higgs boson was predicted to have a mass of 125 GeV, 125 times that of a proton.* 31:05 *📈 Discovery confirmed by data fluctuation at 125 GeV observed by both ATLAS and CMS experiments.* 31:36 *🔬 Since discovering the Higgs, CMS has made precise measurements and observed new particle combinations like TWZ and tetraquarks.* 32:38 *👥 The CMS collaboration involves nearly 6,000 people from around 60 countries working together.* 33:46 *❓ The Standard Model is incomplete; particles like the graviton and dark matter particles remain undiscovered.* 35:11 *🚧 The LHC is being upgraded to the High Luminosity LHC, increasing collision energies to 14 TeV by 2029.* 36:14 *🛠️ CMS will undergo significant upgrades, including a new high-granularity calorimeter and improved trigger systems.* 36:45 *🔮 Future plans include the proposed Future Circular Collider (FCC) to achieve 100 TeV collision energies.* 37:48 *🌀 A Muon Collider is another option, potentially reaching higher energies due to muons' properties.* 38:48 *💼 Various opportunities exist to get involved with CERN, including jobs, internships, and outreach.* 39:18 *🏛️ You can visit the CMS detector in person and explore its underground facilities.* 39:48 *💻 CMS has released open data for public analysis using coding languages like Python and C++.* 40:22 *🌐 CMS offers resources like physics briefings and is active on social media for public engagement.* 40:56 *❤️ Kathryn dedicates her lecture to her friend Natasha Hehir, encouraging donations to Cancer Research UK.*
A very illustrative lecture. A layman would understand the basics of the methodology of investigating the sub atomic particles reaching beyond the atoms. You never feel boring as she nicely take you through real-time examples for comparison so that you are there in the reality. This lecture gave a great perspective of the present day experiments and future expectations of the scientist. Above all, it gave the audience the feeling that this is a collective endeavour not limited to physicists. The sharing of data with the public is also an impressive move as any University or an institute can make use of this data and postulate and prove possible solutions to the open ended questions about matter, subatomic particles and any relationship between the energy and matter. May be some day some analyst of this data stream will find out the relationship of matter with gravity. Furthering this would be the mind-matter transformation, if that can be coupled with the gravity existence through the space in our Universe. The investment on the FCC will be definity a just cause and if the scientists and data analysts find any relationship between the matter and brilliance of the Mind, that will be the next step of Human Development, the Quantum Entanglement being explored. Thanks a lot!
Wow this was absolutely fascinating to listen to. I've always been interested in what goes on at CERN. I could talk to her for days about it. I expect she would get bored of explaining it after a while though and a lot of it wouldn't compute in my empty skull. I don't think there are many particles bouncing around in my head anymore.
Thank you for sharing your findings with the public as a public servant. It is much appreciated. The muon could be the perturbation of space(bosons, fields, dark matter/dark energy) and be approximately relative to the energy of the particle collisions depending on how much collisions were achieved. And according to your diagram of the collisions and detections, and the explanations of the diagram, the muon's wave-like displacement seems opposite and equal to the collision energy, if the proton and electron scattering from the collisions are opposite and equal as well. Thank God the quarks didn't separate.
The standard LHC beam production and filling scheme foresaw 2808 bunches per ring with 288 bunches per injection from the SPS, and each bunch containing 1.15x1011 protons in a beam size of 3.5 micrometres. So about 3 micrometers instead of 3 millimeters !
Great, especially when getting to the more detailed information on the construction, LHC components and their function ...and probably most importantly the experiments.
How wide would a machine that generates black holes on Earth need to be in London Double-decker busses? What about the width of the machine that proves dark energy? Once again, measure in Double-decker busses for convenience.
1 neutrino would occur in 1 in 100 hydrogen atoms, a nucleus is made of two circumferences of stings in a coil. monopoles propelled by a convection current. the length of string is constant it forms in two circumferences as a coil. thereby the two different coils have a different length as a cylinder. a quark is a neutrino
How many and what type of particles carry on down the tube or are deflected back along the tube after collision? Surely these would not be detected by CMS?
If Physicists describe electrons as point particles with no volume, where is the mass of the particle? Can one extra spatial dimension produce a geometric explanation of the 1/2 spin of electrons? The following is an extension of the old Kaluza-Klein theory. Can a twisted 3D 4D soliton containing one extra spatial dimension help solve some of the current problems in Particle Physics? What do the Twistors of Roger Penrose and the Geometric Unity of Eric Weinstein and the exploration of one extra spatial dimension by Lisa Randall and the "Belt Trick" of Paul Dirac have in common? Is the following idea a “Quantized” model related to the “Vortex Theory” proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century? Has the concept of the “Aether” been resurrected from the dead and relabeled as the “Higgs Field”? In Spinors it takes two complete turns to get down the "rabbit hole" (Alpha Funnel 3D--->4D) to produce one twist cycle (1 Quantum unit). Can both Matter and Energy be described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature? (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Mass= 1/Length, with each twist cycle of the 4D Hypertube proportional to Planck’s Constant. In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature. Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. The "Color Force" is a consequence of the XYZ orientation entanglement of the twisted tubules. The two twisted tubule entanglement of Mesons is not stable and unwinds. It takes the entanglement of three twisted tubules to produce the stable Proton. The term “entanglement” in this case is analogous to three twisted ropes being wrapped around each other in a way which causes all of the ropes to move if someone pulls one of the ropes. Does the phenomenon of “Asymptotic Freedom” provide evidence that this concept is the correct interpretation of the experimental data now available?
It is. You just have to know where to look. Start with Wikipedia. From there go find the press releases from CERN. There's probably papers on the arXive and the Particle Data Book that will cover all of the rest. These are free accessible resources.
I loved every moment !! I found it interesting how she brought up gravitons.. Like if they found it, wouldn't that mean spacetime isn't curved?? so if you look for it, does that mean you doubt the spacetime model??
i believe the electron and photon are the same the act of observation time dilation calculation of the electron would show that at .7c+ momentum is free energy
The Higgs Boson was predicted many years ago before being detected. Are there any other particles that have been predicted but not yet found excluding the geaviton?
She said there are FIVE Charm Quarks in a TetraQuark !. There are FOUR QUARKS !. I feel like I've been trapped in "The Place where there is No Darkness", or kidnapped by the Cardassians !. R.I.P my mind !.
She is indeed incorrect. CMS has observed X(6600), X(6900), and X(7300) states in 2023, following the observations of X(6900) by the LHCb and ATLAS experiments in the past couple of years. These are possibly four-quark states with all four being (anti)charm quarks. And of course they are tetraquark candidates, not pentaquark.
I guess nobody has read George Orwell's 1984, nor watched StarTrek where Picard is kidnapped by Gul Ducat, nor discovered a sense of humour at the LHC..
since you gave us a decomposition of atoms to smaller particles, are there repeating "orders" or "scemes" when comparing one particle decomposition to smaller ones, with another particle decomposition to smaller ones?
She was using biological example but after a series of biological structures it goes molecules, atoms, nuclear particles then the fundamental bosons and fermions
I thought she said 'it straddles the French Swiss border' Subtiles on picked up Shuttles the French Swiss border.Surely none of these are true!. the particles may shuttle but the collider doesn't and as for straddling well possibly? I feel a paper coming on 🤓
IN THE INTEREST OF FINDING THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING: It seems to me that ANY theory of everything idea should be able to answer the below items in a logical, coherent, inter-related way. If that idea does not, then is it truly a theory of everything? a. Numbers: Modern science does not even know how numbers and certain mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does. Surely the very nature of reality has to allow numbers and mathematical constants to actually exist for math to do what math does in this existence. b. Space: Modern science does not even know what 'space' actually is nor how it could actually warp and expand. c. Time: Modern science does not even know what 'time' actually is nor how it could actually warp and vary. d. Gravity: Modern science does not even know what 'gravity' actually is nor how gravity actually does what it appears to do. And for those who claim that 'gravity' is matter warping the fabric of spacetime, see 'b' and 'c' above. e. Speed of Light: 'Speed', distance divided by time, distance being two points in space with space between those two points. But yet, here again, modern science does not even know what space and time actually are that makes up 'speed' and they also claim that space can warp and expand and time can warp and vary, so how could they truly know even what the speed of light actually is that they utilize in many of the formulas? Speed of light should also warp, expand and vary depending upon what space and time it was in. And if the speed of light can warp, expand and vary in space and time, how then do far away astronomical observations actually work that are based upon light and the speed of light that could warp, expand and vary in actual reality? f. Photons: A photon swirls with the 'e' and 'm' energy fields 90 degrees to each other. A photon is also considered massless. What keeps the 'e' and 'm' energy fields together across the vast universe for billions of light years? And why doesn't the momentum of the 'e' and 'm' energy fields as they swirl about not fling them away from the central area of the photon? And why aren't photons that go across the vast universe torn apart by other photons, including photons with the exact same energy frequency, and/or by matter, matter being made up of quarks, electrons and interacting energy, quarks and electrons being considered charged particles, each with their respective magnetic field with them? Electricity is electricity and magnetism is magnetism varying possibly only in energy modality, energy density and energy frequency. So why doesn't the 'e' and 'm' of other photons and of matter basically tear apart a photon going across the vast universe? Also, 'if' a photon actually red shifts, where does the red shifted energy go and why does the photon red shift? And for those who claim space expanding causes a photon to red shift, see 'b' above. Why does radio 'em' (large 'em' waves) have low energy and gamma 'em' (small 'em' waves) have high energy? And for those who say E = hf; see also 'b' and 'c' above. (f = frequency, cycles per second. But modern science claims space can warp and expand and time can warp and vary. If 'space' warps and expands and/or 'time' warps and varies, what does that do to 'E'? And why doesn't 'E' keep space from expanding and time from varying?). g. Energy: Modern science claims that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it's one of the foundations of physics. Hence, energy is either truly a finite amount and eternally existent, or modern science is wrong. First Law Of Thermodynamics: "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed." How exactly is 'energy' eternally existent? h. Existence and Non-Existence side by side throughout all of eternity. How? * NOTE: Even General Relativity and the Standard Model of Particle Physics cannot answer these items in a logical, coherent, inter-related way. Shouldn't these above items also require accurate answers?
Observation Limitations: Within the quantum realm, all possibilities exist in simultaneity (Infinity); which appears as noise/static from our macroscopic scales, until a measurement is observed: at which point a superdeterministic outcome is revealed. the Alchemist -Ø1
LHC and magnetic field about 8.3 T...I read and due to increase to about 12 China recently announced the most powerful so here's the question. The containment better be good the field is so much more than the earth's localised but. If "something" happens can it interfere and wreak havoc cause the earth's field protects earth. Here's another question, can we globalise the field so if the earth's were to be lost we "artificially" protect the planet. If I sound "silly" forgive my ignorance haven't done the research just initial thoughts ..
Except we know there are no particles, and in fact, everything is made of various fields of energy. Pockets of information and energy sitting within these fields. Particles are not real.
why aren't particle accelerators made in a straight line? seems like you wouldn't have to deal with the curve and extending it could be as easy as adding length.
You need all the circles that increase in size to accelerate the particle speed before they collide. If they were in a straight line it would have to be about 1000 miles long.
Some are. Most homes had one or more in the recent past. Cathode ray tubes, a form of linear particle accelerator, were in every TV. But there were, and still are, linear accelerators in use for things that don't require the enormous energies that circular ones can provide.
Probably not. The stuff that is kept by the human written rules are written that way to interesting to someone. There are some more that are written by computers to make sure all of the actually interesting stuff kept. And then there is random trigger that will grab the uninteresting stuff so we know what the background actually is. So the rest of the discarded data looks like background which is understood.
To say I'm not a physicist is an understatement. Nonetheless how can something exist if it is massless. If it doesn't weigh anything then it ain't there. That would seem to be basic fundamental physics. If something exists it weighs something and something that doesn't exist weighs exactly zero.
Although massless it has energy which is just mass in another guise by Einsteins energy equation. So, you may feel a bit more at ease by thinking it's wearing it's invisibility cloak (not claiming that's a 'thing' 😇)
Hence the understatement. Physics takes study and practice. If you could just do whatever your untrained monkey brain thought up then nobody would spend years in study and research. Brains are fools by default and love for things to make sense. If you do not train your brain it will still try to do this and it will get things wrong, and because it likes to feel right this wrongness will feel like it is correct to you. Because your brain doesn't want to consider that it might be wrong.
One can mathematically model all observed particles at CERN or any collider as overlapping expanding wavefronts of emr generated by the collision of just 3 protons. No standard model needed. Dont agree? The facts are as follows: Two overlapping expanding wavefronts in 3 dimensions ( think expanding bubbles) will create a single expanding ring where the two original waves overlap or interfere. This is usually referred to in physics as an annulus ring. Add a third expanding wavefront bubble to the mix and you get....Two opposing single particle like paths where the three expanding bubbles of emr interfere in 3D space!!. That look to the uneducated theorist as one positive and one negative particle path. As observed at CERN. And if you vary the relationship between these three overlapping bubble paths you can duplicate any spiral, straight, curved or split particle path EVER observed at CERN. The standard model is more dogma than scientific fact.
This is the most understandable explanation of the equipment at CERN that I've come across.
Definitely worth the watch.
Makes it a bit understandable without dumbing it down.
🎯 Key points for quick navigation:
00:00 *🎤 Kathryn Coldham introduces herself and the CMS experiment at CERN.*
00:38 *👩🔬 She began working at CERN at age 17 and studied physics at Queen Mary University.*
01:14 *🌍 CERN is a European organization for nuclear research, established in 1954 to reunite countries after WWII.*
01:45 *🤝 CERN has grown from 12 to 23 member states with associates and observers outside Europe.*
02:24 *🔬 Particle physics studies tiny particles that are the building blocks of the universe.*
03:26 *🧬 Zooming into matter reveals atoms, nuclei, protons, and ultimately quarks-elementary particles.*
04:22 *📊 The Standard Model describes all elementary particles and their interactions.*
04:56 *⚛️ Introduces force carriers: photon, W and Z bosons, and gluon, which mediate fundamental forces.*
05:25 *🏆 W and Z bosons were discovered at CERN in 1983.*
05:55 *💪 The strong nuclear force is immensely strong, 10 times stronger than gravity.*
06:31 *🚀 CERN uses a series of accelerators to overcome strong forces and accelerate particles.*
07:01 *⚙️ Particle acceleration begins with hydrogen atoms stripped of electrons to produce protons.*
08:41 *🌌 The Large Hadron Collider accelerates particles to near light speed for collisions.*
09:20 *🕵️ Introduction to the CMS detector, a general-purpose detector studying various physics phenomena.*
09:50 *🔍 CMS stands for Compact Muon Solenoid; 'Compact' because it packs a lot into a small space.*
10:23 *🚌 Size comparisons: CMS is 15 meters high, equivalent to 3.5 double-decker buses stacked.*
12:06 *⚖️ CMS weighs 14,000 tonnes, heavier than the Eiffel Tower's 10,000 tonnes.*
14:57 *🏗️ CMS was built by assembling components above ground and lowering them underground in slices.*
17:05 *🛠️ The CMS detector has multiple layers, each designed to detect different types of particles.*
20:13 *🔄 Explanation of how various particles are detected and identified within CMS.*
21:21 *📏 The proton beam is extremely small, about 2 millimeters wide, containing billions of protons.*
24:10 *💡 The electromagnetic calorimeter uses crystals to measure particle energy via emitted light.*
25:08 *🧲 The solenoid magnet generates a powerful 4 Tesla magnetic field to bend particle paths.*
26:07 *🗄️ A trigger system manages and reduces the vast amount of data generated by collisions.*
28:26 *🏅 The Higgs boson was discovered in 2012 by CMS and ATLAS, confirming its role in particle mass.*
29:59 *🔄 CMS uses event reconstruction to identify original particles from detected final state particles.*
30:31 *🕵️ The Higgs boson was predicted to have a mass of 125 GeV, 125 times that of a proton.*
31:05 *📈 Discovery confirmed by data fluctuation at 125 GeV observed by both ATLAS and CMS experiments.*
31:36 *🔬 Since discovering the Higgs, CMS has made precise measurements and observed new particle combinations like TWZ and tetraquarks.*
32:38 *👥 The CMS collaboration involves nearly 6,000 people from around 60 countries working together.*
33:46 *❓ The Standard Model is incomplete; particles like the graviton and dark matter particles remain undiscovered.*
35:11 *🚧 The LHC is being upgraded to the High Luminosity LHC, increasing collision energies to 14 TeV by 2029.*
36:14 *🛠️ CMS will undergo significant upgrades, including a new high-granularity calorimeter and improved trigger systems.*
36:45 *🔮 Future plans include the proposed Future Circular Collider (FCC) to achieve 100 TeV collision energies.*
37:48 *🌀 A Muon Collider is another option, potentially reaching higher energies due to muons' properties.*
38:48 *💼 Various opportunities exist to get involved with CERN, including jobs, internships, and outreach.*
39:18 *🏛️ You can visit the CMS detector in person and explore its underground facilities.*
39:48 *💻 CMS has released open data for public analysis using coding languages like Python and C++.*
40:22 *🌐 CMS offers resources like physics briefings and is active on social media for public engagement.*
40:56 *❤️ Kathryn dedicates her lecture to her friend Natasha Hehir, encouraging donations to Cancer Research UK.*
This was well explained, I understand more than I did before I watched.
A very illustrative lecture. A layman would understand the basics of the methodology of investigating the sub atomic particles reaching beyond the atoms. You never feel boring as she nicely take you through real-time examples for comparison so that you are there in the reality. This lecture gave a great perspective of the present day experiments and future expectations of the scientist. Above all, it gave the audience the feeling that this is a collective endeavour not limited to physicists. The sharing of data with the public is also an impressive move as any University or an institute can make use of this data and postulate and prove possible solutions to the open ended questions about matter, subatomic particles and any relationship between the energy and matter. May be some day some analyst of this data stream will find out the relationship of matter with gravity. Furthering this would be the mind-matter transformation, if that can be coupled with the gravity existence through the space in our Universe. The investment on the FCC will be definity a just cause and if the scientists and data analysts find any relationship between the matter and brilliance of the Mind, that will be the next step of Human Development, the Quantum Entanglement being explored. Thanks a lot!
Wow this was absolutely fascinating to listen to. I've always been interested in what goes on at CERN. I could talk to her for days about it. I expect she would get bored of explaining it after a while though and a lot of it wouldn't compute in my empty skull. I don't think there are many particles bouncing around in my head anymore.
Just a few lysergic acid motifs? 😂
@@SodiumInteresting might help things along relationship-wise but would be useless for actually learning any technical knowledge
That zoom in perspective 6:43 is so cool , depecting how small yet so significantly awesome place to be in.
Beautifully done! Love the zoom-in visualization!
Wow, sooo impressed by the exciting discoveries of new particles at LHC 🎉🎉🎉
Thank you for sharing your findings with the public as a public servant. It is much appreciated. The muon could be the perturbation of space(bosons, fields, dark matter/dark energy) and be approximately relative to the energy of the particle collisions depending on how much collisions were achieved. And according to your diagram of the collisions and detections, and the explanations of the diagram, the muon's wave-like displacement seems opposite and equal to the collision energy, if the proton and electron scattering from the collisions are opposite and equal as well. Thank God the quarks didn't separate.
I'm very impressed with translation. Thank you. You're amazing mate.b❤🎉
Really cool visualisation using CG at the start there!
This gives such a good idea about what is _actually_ going on.
It was a great lecture about Particle Physics.
Thank you. Great lecture ❤
Brilliant presentation! Thank you.
Love to see an east London accent giving physics lectures
Yeah right
Definitely gained a like from me.... Great video!!!
Great to publish these
The standard LHC beam production and filling scheme foresaw 2808 bunches per ring with 288 bunches per injection from the SPS, and each bunch containing 1.15x1011 protons in a beam size of 3.5 micrometres. So about 3 micrometers instead of 3 millimeters !
Great, especially when getting to the more detailed information on the construction, LHC components and their function ...and probably most importantly the experiments.
The lady is a bit nervous, but the lecture is fabulous overall! Thumbs up!
She's not particularly nervous, just human. She's not a robot.
@@pinkfloydhomer i think its just an accent
@@sa8die I'm not sure why you write that
How wide would a machine that generates black holes on Earth need to be in London Double-decker busses?
What about the width of the machine that proves dark energy? Once again, measure in Double-decker busses for convenience.
1 neutrino would occur in 1 in 100 hydrogen atoms, a nucleus is made of two circumferences of stings in a coil. monopoles propelled by a convection current. the length of string is constant it forms in two circumferences as a coil. thereby the two different coils have a different length as a cylinder. a quark is a neutrino
How many and what type of particles carry on down the tube or are deflected back along the tube after collision? Surely these would not be detected by CMS?
If Physicists describe electrons as point particles with no volume, where is the mass of the particle?
Can one extra spatial dimension produce a geometric explanation of the 1/2 spin of electrons? The following is an extension of the old Kaluza-Klein theory. Can a twisted 3D 4D soliton containing one extra spatial dimension help solve some of the current problems in Particle Physics?
What do the Twistors of Roger Penrose and the Geometric Unity of Eric Weinstein and the exploration of one extra spatial dimension by Lisa Randall and the "Belt Trick" of Paul Dirac have in common? Is the following idea a “Quantized” model related to the “Vortex Theory” proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century? Has the concept of the “Aether” been resurrected from the dead and relabeled as the “Higgs Field”?
In Spinors it takes two complete turns to get down the "rabbit hole" (Alpha Funnel 3D--->4D) to produce one twist cycle (1 Quantum unit).
Can both Matter and Energy be described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature? (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Mass= 1/Length, with each twist cycle of the 4D Hypertube proportional to Planck’s Constant.
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
If quarks have not been isolated and gluons have not been isolated, how do we know they are not parts of the same thing? The tentacles of an octopus and the body of an octopus are parts of the same creature.
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. The "Color Force" is a consequence of the XYZ orientation entanglement of the twisted tubules. The two twisted tubule entanglement of Mesons is not stable and unwinds. It takes the entanglement of three twisted tubules to produce the stable Proton. The term “entanglement” in this case is analogous to three twisted ropes being wrapped around each other in a way which causes all of the ropes to move if someone pulls one of the ropes. Does the phenomenon of “Asymptotic Freedom” provide evidence that this concept is the correct interpretation of the experimental data now available?
This was good, however I'd like to know why all the information isn't available to the public.
It is. You just have to know where to look. Start with Wikipedia. From there go find the press releases from CERN. There's probably papers on the arXive and the Particle Data Book that will cover all of the rest. These are free accessible resources.
I loved every moment !!
I found it interesting how she brought up gravitons..
Like if they found it, wouldn't that mean spacetime isn't curved??
so if you look for it, does that mean you doubt the spacetime model??
(I always thought Gravitons were make-believe science fiction)
now this is the real CERN for dummies
i believe the electron and photon are the same the act of observation time dilation calculation of the electron would show that at .7c+ momentum is free energy
Brian Greene could learn from this presenter - great stuff.
I mostly like the strawberryquark. That one is really good!
You've got to get them at the peak of the season, they are extra succulent. 😉
Can anybody say how we know that Quarks are indivisible. We used to say that about larger 'particles' didn't we?
What will it do/work? Not intressted to built one, or the size.
The Higgs Boson was predicted many years ago before being detected. Are there any other particles that have been predicted but not yet found excluding the geaviton?
Axions, and wimps have been predicted but not found
And they say Americans would use anything besides the metric system
you can see a very gradual 180 degree sine wave is formed the electron eddy current would form its tangent 180 reciprocation
She said there are FIVE Charm Quarks in a TetraQuark !.
There are FOUR QUARKS !.
I feel like I've been trapped in "The Place where there is No Darkness",
or kidnapped by the Cardassians !.
R.I.P my mind !.
Actually, thousands of quarks are in a hadron, but only few of them are observable at a time
Not a PentaQuark, then?
Charming
She is indeed incorrect. CMS has observed X(6600), X(6900), and X(7300) states in 2023, following the observations of X(6900) by the LHCb and ATLAS experiments in the past couple of years. These are possibly four-quark states with all four being (anti)charm quarks. And of course they are tetraquark candidates, not pentaquark.
I guess nobody has read George Orwell's 1984, nor watched StarTrek where Picard is kidnapped by Gul Ducat, nor discovered a sense of humour at the LHC..
since you gave us a decomposition of atoms to smaller particles,
are there repeating "orders" or "scemes" when comparing one particle decomposition to smaller ones, with another particle decomposition to smaller ones?
She was using biological example but after a series of biological structures it goes molecules, atoms, nuclear particles then the fundamental bosons and fermions
Using the word "decomposition" throws me a bit because in chemistry that is a chemical process
Cool!
I thought she said 'it straddles the French Swiss border' Subtiles on picked up Shuttles the French Swiss border.Surely none of these are true!. the particles may shuttle but the collider doesn't and as for straddling well possibly? I feel a paper coming on 🤓
IN THE INTEREST OF FINDING THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING:
It seems to me that ANY theory of everything idea should be able to answer the below items in a logical, coherent, inter-related way. If that idea does not, then is it truly a theory of everything?
a. Numbers: Modern science does not even know how numbers and certain mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does. Surely the very nature of reality has to allow numbers and mathematical constants to actually exist for math to do what math does in this existence.
b. Space: Modern science does not even know what 'space' actually is nor how it could actually warp and expand.
c. Time: Modern science does not even know what 'time' actually is nor how it could actually warp and vary.
d. Gravity: Modern science does not even know what 'gravity' actually is nor how gravity actually does what it appears to do. And for those who claim that 'gravity' is matter warping the fabric of spacetime, see 'b' and 'c' above.
e. Speed of Light: 'Speed', distance divided by time, distance being two points in space with space between those two points. But yet, here again, modern science does not even know what space and time actually are that makes up 'speed' and they also claim that space can warp and expand and time can warp and vary, so how could they truly know even what the speed of light actually is that they utilize in many of the formulas? Speed of light should also warp, expand and vary depending upon what space and time it was in. And if the speed of light can warp, expand and vary in space and time, how then do far away astronomical observations actually work that are based upon light and the speed of light that could warp, expand and vary in actual reality?
f. Photons: A photon swirls with the 'e' and 'm' energy fields 90 degrees to each other. A photon is also considered massless. What keeps the 'e' and 'm' energy fields together across the vast universe for billions of light years? And why doesn't the momentum of the 'e' and 'm' energy fields as they swirl about not fling them away from the central area of the photon? And why aren't photons that go across the vast universe torn apart by other photons, including photons with the exact same energy frequency, and/or by matter, matter being made up of quarks, electrons and interacting energy, quarks and electrons being considered charged particles, each with their respective magnetic field with them?
Electricity is electricity and magnetism is magnetism varying possibly only in energy modality, energy density and energy frequency. So why doesn't the 'e' and 'm' of other photons and of matter basically tear apart a photon going across the vast universe?
Also, 'if' a photon actually red shifts, where does the red shifted energy go and why does the photon red shift? And for those who claim space expanding causes a photon to red shift, see 'b' above.
Why does radio 'em' (large 'em' waves) have low energy and gamma 'em' (small 'em' waves) have high energy? And for those who say E = hf; see also 'b' and 'c' above. (f = frequency, cycles per second. But modern science claims space can warp and expand and time can warp and vary. If 'space' warps and expands and/or 'time' warps and varies, what does that do to 'E'? And why doesn't 'E' keep space from expanding and time from varying?).
g. Energy: Modern science claims that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it's one of the foundations of physics. Hence, energy is either truly a finite amount and eternally existent, or modern science is wrong. First Law Of Thermodynamics: "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed." How exactly is 'energy' eternally existent?
h. Existence and Non-Existence side by side throughout all of eternity. How?
* NOTE: Even General Relativity and the Standard Model of Particle Physics cannot answer these items in a logical, coherent, inter-related way. Shouldn't these above items also require accurate answers?
What circumference would you need to detect dark matter?
the threshold in mev for the electron is .7c the speed of light
Observation Limitations:
Within the quantum realm, all possibilities exist in simultaneity (Infinity); which appears as noise/static from our macroscopic scales, until a measurement is observed: at which point a superdeterministic outcome is revealed.
the Alchemist
-Ø1
what is size of CMS as size of Wales ?
When I left school, I had no GCSE's
But a shelf load of LSD
BUT
This seems like some sort of gravity assistance manoeuvre?
useful 🤝
Blue bottle flyer? How large is that, exactly?
The same size as a small mouse scurrier.
@@Mkbshg8 gotcha. Why the speaker didn't just say that may forever be a mystery.
LHC and magnetic field about 8.3 T...I read and due to increase to about 12 China recently announced the most powerful so here's the question. The containment better be good the field is so much more than the earth's localised but. If "something" happens can it interfere and wreak havoc cause the earth's field protects earth. Here's another question, can we globalise the field so if the earth's were to be lost we "artificially" protect the planet. If I sound "silly" forgive my ignorance haven't done the research just initial thoughts ..
I tested the voltage at my wall socket and there were more than 230 electron volts
Double decker busses are different lengths on different axis 🤓
In the memory of Maddy Cusack.
ممنون
And there I thought that gravity is still a hot debate if it's even a force not...
Great talk. You should do that from time to time
This sounds awesome
17 .. yeah so I'm working at this place called CERN, heard of it ?
Mom ?? yeah CERN ? yeah ?
Mom ??
Oh OKAY
Except we know there are no particles, and in fact, everything is made of various fields of energy. Pockets of information and energy sitting within these fields. Particles are not real.
Welcome to Sesame Street! Did she really say how many red buses can fit in it?
A blue what in the middle of the field?
why aren't particle accelerators made in a straight line? seems like you wouldn't have to deal with the curve and extending it could be as easy as adding length.
You need all the circles that increase in size to accelerate the particle speed before they collide. If they were in a straight line it would have to be about 1000 miles long.
I'd do an eliptic curve to make it a bit more geometrically insterting
Some are. Most homes had one or more in the recent past. Cathode ray tubes, a form of linear particle accelerator, were in every TV. But there were, and still are, linear accelerators in use for things that don't require the enormous energies that circular ones can provide.
Is this the guessing game? 🙋🏽♂️
Feels like an episode of Dora the mfn Explorer
wow 🥴🥴🥴
this is very explained well,. thx,. but what is going on in AUS!?!lol,.ok
Good
Two good
could there not be something in the 90% of datas discarded?
Probably not. The stuff that is kept by the human written rules are written that way to interesting to someone. There are some more that are written by computers to make sure all of the actually interesting stuff kept. And then there is random trigger that will grab the uninteresting stuff so we know what the background actually is. So the rest of the discarded data looks like background which is understood.
I was design drone to carry my goods from place to anotjer place
vevy nice
Her voice ❤
What's your opinion of Dipole Electron Flood Theory?
I hope the new discoveries will advance medical science as well.
LOL, WOW!
And where are the demons?
AA+++
She's stunningly beautiful indeed.
that is a stunningly sexist comment
Could be the hottest physicist of our time
could be the hottest sexist of our time. You are downgrading all of her accomplishments to simply "good looking"
Particles don’t exist
She's not a good science communicator. Nowhere close to Sean Carroll or Tara Shears. Below average video.
The 'which one is heavier' part was excruciatingly long.
She’s cute 🥰 omg more please ❤😂🎉
This isn't a dating show.
all those years of studying and accomplishments only for you downgrade all of that on her looks
To say I'm not a physicist is an understatement. Nonetheless how can something exist if it is massless. If it doesn't weigh anything then it ain't there. That would seem to be basic fundamental physics. If something exists it weighs something and something that doesn't exist weighs exactly zero.
Wild ain it?
Mass is a measurement of influence not existence.
Although massless it has energy which is just mass in another guise by Einsteins energy equation. So, you may feel a bit more at ease by thinking it's wearing it's invisibility cloak (not claiming that's a 'thing' 😇)
Hence the understatement. Physics takes study and practice. If you could just do whatever your untrained monkey brain thought up then nobody would spend years in study and research. Brains are fools by default and love for things to make sense. If you do not train your brain it will still try to do this and it will get things wrong, and because it likes to feel right this wrongness will feel like it is correct to you. Because your brain doesn't want to consider that it might be wrong.
I think this is an explanation for laymen.
Too many of these 'talk down' to the audience.
I didn’t feel “talked down to” after..I thought she did a great job explaining it all.
Me too. I could listen to her all day. I need to be explained this way
You realise most of these lectures are for younger kids right.
I don’t come to the Royal Institute for kindergarten.
@@meansofproduction4213so brilliant of you to head directly to Sesame Street and ignore the Royal institute
Oof! Some of that was a bit of a struggle.
One can mathematically model all observed particles at CERN or any collider as overlapping expanding wavefronts of emr generated by the collision of just 3 protons. No standard model needed. Dont agree? The facts are as follows: Two overlapping expanding wavefronts in 3 dimensions ( think expanding bubbles) will create a single expanding ring where the two original waves overlap or interfere. This is usually referred to in physics as an annulus ring. Add a third expanding wavefront bubble to the mix and you get....Two opposing single particle like paths where the three expanding bubbles of emr interfere in 3D space!!. That look to the uneducated theorist as one positive and one negative particle path. As observed at CERN. And if you vary the relationship between these three overlapping bubble paths you can duplicate any spiral, straight, curved or split particle path EVER observed at CERN. The standard model is more dogma than scientific fact.
I just found the highest value woman in the world! 🤩
I thought she was a robot
Yeah 🤩
Gross
Leave the comedy to the politicians. Stick to the science. So... Nope.
It's amazing how scientists encourage asking questions, but the moment the question is uncomfortable, they quickly put the tin foil hat on you.
Not even remotely true
Exit?
When one says photon's mass is zero he do not know two things. One is what is plank's constant h and the other is what is zero!
Cern Collider disrupting Earth's internal magnetic field grounding currents through its nucleus or core disolving
Particle physics is just a very expensive hobby for some scientist. Always need for a bigger more expensive toy for the next miniscule discovery.
it is
warp tech is no joke