NEWS: What's up with Muons? - Sixty Symbols

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  • Опубликовано: 23 май 2024
  • Professors Ed Copeland and Tony Padilla discuss latest results in particle physics from Fermilab and the Large Hadron Collider.
    More links and info below ↓ ↓ ↓
    The Fermilab Muon g-2 result: news.fnal.gov/2021/04/first-r...
    The LHCb result: home.cern/news/news/physics/i...
    Our visit to CERN: bit.ly/LHCvideos
    Long interviews with Ed: bit.ly/CopelandGoesLong
    More videos with Ed: bit.ly/EdCopeland
    Physics videos with Tony: bit.ly/Padilla_SixtySymbols
    Numberphile with Tony: bit.ly/Padilla_Numberphile
    Ed's University of Nottingham page: www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/...
    Tony's University of Nottingham page: www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/...
    Note from Tony: "I say the magnetic moment of the muon is 2. That's not technically true. The true value of the magnetic moment depends on the mass and stuff. The 2 is the g factor, which is the dimensionless measure of the magnetic moment."
    Visit our website at www.sixtysymbols.com/
    We're on Facebook at / sixtysymbols
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    This project features scientists from The University of Nottingham
    bit.ly/NottsPhysics
    Patreon: / sixtysymbols
    Sixty Symbols videos by Brady Haran
    www.bradyharanblog.com
    Email list: eepurl.com/YdjL9
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Комментарии • 1,2 тыс.

  • @crackedemerald4930
    @crackedemerald4930 3 года назад +2220

    The Pauli exclusion principle says that there can't be two physics professors at the same room.

    • @loge10
      @loge10 3 года назад +58

      But then observing them might actually interfere with whether they are actually in the same room or not...

    • @JaccovanSchaik
      @JaccovanSchaik 3 года назад +212

      Two *theoretical* physicists you mean. Adding an experimentalist would be fine. Although they wouldn't interact, obviously.

    • @laniakea1541
      @laniakea1541 3 года назад +11

      Hilarious

    • @Psnym
      @Psnym 3 года назад +63

      “Pandemic exclusion principle”

    • @bazoo513
      @bazoo513 3 года назад

      :o)

  • @3PhaseAC
    @3PhaseAC 3 года назад +882

    "There's a new vegetable they've never seen before."
    Physics at its finest

    • @paulcooper8818
      @paulcooper8818 3 года назад +39

      Gordon Ramsay published a paper suggesting it's a fruit masquerading as a vegetable -- a tomato particle

    • @timbeaton5045
      @timbeaton5045 3 года назад +19

      Maybe it's due to ramen noodles? A sort of wheat-based string theory???

    • @AntonAdelson
      @AntonAdelson 3 года назад +2

      👌 mwah!
      17:38

    • @bigJovialJon
      @bigJovialJon 3 года назад +1

      Lima beans

    • @leogama3422
      @leogama3422 3 года назад +1

      @@timbeaton5045 It seems that The Flying Spaghetti Monster is messing around with his Noodly Appendage again. I alweys knew He preferred _sugo al pomodoro_

  • @maik-beckmann
    @maik-beckmann 3 года назад +1402

    I'm just an average person trying to follow the state of physics. Having watched a bunch of reports on this at various science channels on RUclips, I have to say: The amount of detail and understanding you guys manage to add to this topic was striking. I hope you will do it for many years to come, frequent or not.

    • @sixtysymbols
      @sixtysymbols  3 года назад +224

      That’s very kind. Thanks.

    • @FLPhotoCatcher
      @FLPhotoCatcher 3 года назад +22

      @@sixtysymbols I agree, thanks for the video!
      Question: The names 'top quark' and 'bottom quark' are established, so why are some calling the bottom quark a beauty quark? Should we call the top quark 'terrible quark' (or tu_d quark) to balance things?

    • @theniborris
      @theniborris 3 года назад +17

      ​@@FLPhotoCatcher The alternate name for the top quark is "truth", but "terrible" is a nice guess :)

    • @AntonAdelson
      @AntonAdelson 3 года назад +16

      Yep, this is the best one I've seen yet!
      There's nothing better than highly experienced older professors flexing their skills!

    • @jelmerl1458
      @jelmerl1458 3 года назад +21

      @@FLPhotoCatcher when quarks other than up and down were diecovered that was completely new physics with strange effects. The first new quark discovered was then named a strange quark. As the others were discovered they were given similar excotic names: charm, truth and beauty. Then once we had a more theoretical base to group and categorize particles in the standard model it was realized that there are 3 groups, up and down, strange and charm and truth and beauty. Truth and beauty were renamed top and bottom to signify the connection with up and down, but strange and charm were already too in use to change names.

  • @Whatwhat3434
    @Whatwhat3434 3 года назад +1106

    The smiles on these gentlemen are astoundingly pure

    • @novafawks
      @novafawks 3 года назад +38

      You can tell they're very passionate and excited about it, which in turn makes me super excited about it! It's how all teachers should be.

    • @dylanhubert6871
      @dylanhubert6871 3 года назад +10

      especially in those LHC clips at CERN - Heartwarming

    • @disagol
      @disagol 3 года назад +1

      Pure joy

    • @craigwall9536
      @craigwall9536 3 года назад +2

      Yeah, they're having fun. And job security to go along with it. (I say that with no cynicism; I _like_ this stuff. Do more.)

    • @kikinoro6546
      @kikinoro6546 3 года назад

      @@novafawks yes!

  • @Mutual_Information
    @Mutual_Information 3 года назад +595

    This video explores Ed at his highest energy level.

    • @daveangels
      @daveangels 3 года назад +38

      We don't get to have enough of him

    • @StasiSLG
      @StasiSLG 3 года назад

      Power level over 9000

    • @egillis214
      @egillis214 3 года назад

      Yup

    • @77Fortran
      @77Fortran 3 года назад +1

      I've met Ed, I think he's a fantastic guy!

    • @Remo1147
      @Remo1147 3 года назад +2

      Love Ed he’s my favorite teacher

  • @denisbaranov1367
    @denisbaranov1367 3 года назад +630

    This is the type of content I'm paying my Internet bills for

    • @whoeveriam0iam14222
      @whoeveriam0iam14222 3 года назад +7

      And your electron energy to power your device

    • @TheChipmunk2008
      @TheChipmunk2008 3 года назад +1

      @@whoeveriam0iam14222 you have multiple bills? are you a flock of ducks?

    • @dmeemd7787
      @dmeemd7787 3 года назад

      Amen to that!
      (the original comment. lol)

    • @unionkush3469
      @unionkush3469 3 года назад

      Dont google 21th Concentration Camp China. U can stop 380 unhumanity camp

    • @calvincarlson3944
      @calvincarlson3944 3 года назад +1

      @@TheChipmunk2008 I would assume he's not just paying for 1 month of service.

  • @Thror251
    @Thror251 3 года назад +538

    Oompa Loompa checking in! Very interesting and well made video.

    • @jorgevaldivia7482
      @jorgevaldivia7482 3 года назад +22

      I am very grateful for the work you do

    • @Thelocalpsychopath
      @Thelocalpsychopath 3 года назад +12

      Experimentalist gang rise up!

    • @swarajnanda7874
      @swarajnanda7874 3 года назад +18

      Oompa Loompa two checking in. Loved the video too!

    • @aheinstein291
      @aheinstein291 3 года назад +13

      Never forget: Willy Wonka's theories are useless without Oompa Loompas!

    • @DroCaMk3
      @DroCaMk3 3 года назад +39

      Oompa Loompa Doodeldi Doo,
      Without us, what would those guys do?
      It's not worth finding anything new,
      If you'll never know whether it is true!

  • @WilliamAndrews0
    @WilliamAndrews0 3 года назад +515

    physicists just love nothing more than being wrong. "We have this theory that says A." "We have this experiment that says B" "YEAAAYYY"

    • @bazoo513
      @bazoo513 3 года назад +74

      Exactly! That's what science is all about. There is no glory in preserving status quo. Those mumbling of "scientific dogma" will never understand this.

    • @MarkAShaw64
      @MarkAShaw64 3 года назад +18

      Unlike climate science where you bend the results to the theory. 😊

    • @ShankarSivarajan
      @ShankarSivarajan 3 года назад +49

      @@MarkAShaw64 The science is settled. Don't question the consensus.

    • @RADZIO895
      @RADZIO895 3 года назад

      unless it's yours theory

    • @unvergebeneid
      @unvergebeneid 3 года назад +53

      @@MarkAShaw64 oh ffs.

  • @FelipeTellez
    @FelipeTellez 3 года назад +97

    The Oompa Loompa jab at the end is stellar ;)

  • @spookmineer
    @spookmineer 3 года назад +108

    Headlines in a number of newspapers tomorrow: "physicists have found a new vegetable!"

  • @donpcmartin
    @donpcmartin 3 года назад +42

    ‘It perhaps gets a little bit technical…’
    Brother that ship sailed from this channel 5 years ago

    • @insomnia20422
      @insomnia20422 3 года назад +2

      That was hilarious, 5 minutes of particle physics talk in it starts to get a little technical. Ah, sure. Please continue. XD

    • @ynotds6205
      @ynotds6205 3 года назад

      I thought the same thing, as if before he was talking 5th grade stuff 🤣

    • @vodkacannon
      @vodkacannon 2 года назад +1

      Drown in it. That’s how you “learn to swim”. Lol

  • @johnvictor9071
    @johnvictor9071 3 года назад +82

    "There's a new vegetable that we've never seen before."
    One of the best analogies I've ever heard.

    • @savagesarethebest7251
      @savagesarethebest7251 2 года назад

      I read your comment seconds before I heard it in the video, like Déjà Vu

  • @oldcowbb
    @oldcowbb 3 года назад +24

    19:12 me, an engineer: they are the exact same number

    • @michaelelandon
      @michaelelandon 3 года назад +4

      It's within tolerance!

    • @insomnia20422
      @insomnia20422 3 года назад +1

      Meanwhile I am comparing floats and if their difference is below 1e-08 they are equal.
      I HAVE BEEN LIVING A LIE!

  • @pspicer777
    @pspicer777 3 года назад +132

    This whole thing was extraordinarily well done. The enthusiasm of the professors is contagious. The idea of having only one "particle" in the room at a time ... genius. Well done fellas!!

    • @bluemalamute
      @bluemalamute 3 года назад +4

      yeah, and never have a camera operator named Schrodinger

  • @snelpiller
    @snelpiller 3 года назад +23

    What I love about this is the excitment about NOT understanding something. We need more of this in this world. Curiosity drives humankind forward, not absolutism based on feeling or singular thoughprocesses.
    Excited to follow this!

  • @NewsdeSpencer
    @NewsdeSpencer 3 года назад +75

    I've got to say Brady's soup analogy helped me to almost understand this...I think ;)

    • @badcafe
      @badcafe 3 года назад +7

      Seriously, his questions and input help so much.

  • @MattRobertsLife
    @MattRobertsLife 3 года назад +153

    Awesome as always guys. "We need to do something on cosmic rays"........yes please

    • @piccalillipit9211
      @piccalillipit9211 3 года назад +4

      YES

    • @Taygetea
      @Taygetea 3 года назад +10

      I want them to go over the thing where muons wouldn't reach the earth's surface without time dilation

    • @AntonAdelson
      @AntonAdelson 3 года назад +8

      26:32 the way he says it is just so seductive!

    • @inigo1298
      @inigo1298 3 года назад +3

      Yeessss

    • @williamesselman3102
      @williamesselman3102 3 года назад +1

      Yes, like does the rate of radioactive decay suffer direct influence from the amount of solar rays? And, if so, could a sudden increase in solar rays lead to a sudden increase in the radioactive decay going on in the core of the planet Earth? And, in turn, could this cause superheating of mantle and release giant amounts of H2O (and carbon) in the form of steam, causing a global cataclysm?

  •  3 года назад +42

    Love the part at 26:15 where he looks around like looking for a casual muon to point at.

  • @benloud8740
    @benloud8740 3 года назад +28

    I love how excited Prof Copeland gets. You can see this is thrilling for him

  • @modolief
    @modolief 3 года назад +23

    I like the British English expression “pieces of kit”. And, well, those are quite the significant pieces of kit!

    • @tinygriffy
      @tinygriffy 3 года назад +1

      What would you call it ? Supermassiveextremelycomplicatedmachine worth (the income of) a small country that spat out a 7 digit number ?

    • @autobreza7131
      @autobreza7131 3 года назад +2

      A super-sized section of a ginormous (giant-enormous) machine?

    • @commentingpausedtoprotectus
      @commentingpausedtoprotectus 3 года назад

      Egg

    • @varunachar87
      @varunachar87 3 года назад +8

      I also heard the word "lorry" after a long time, and felt nostalgic for my childhood in India.

  • @WestOfEarth
    @WestOfEarth 3 года назад +47

    I feel like I could learn just about anything from these professors.

    • @stolearovigor281
      @stolearovigor281 2 года назад

      For a sponge Bob make no difference what he's absorbing.

  • @subjectline
    @subjectline 3 года назад +68

    Ed said we need to do something on cosmic rays but I feel like that would require Ed and Mike Merrifield to exist in the same universe and that concept is wierd and disturbing

    • @ThePrimevalVoid
      @ThePrimevalVoid 3 года назад +4

      Ed and Merrifield have been in the same video before, the Nobel Prize for 2019 if I remember correctly.

    • @subjectline
      @subjectline 3 года назад +2

      Same video, fine, same superhero concept world, not so much

  • @Intellllect
    @Intellllect 3 года назад +52

    It's nice to see Ed again!

  • @ClockworkEngineer
    @ClockworkEngineer 3 года назад +23

    Ed is the best explainer. He could teach anything to anyone.

    • @mydogbrian4814
      @mydogbrian4814 3 года назад

      @ClockworkEngineer - Not to my dog. Tell him to "sit" & your in for a nasty, smelly suprise...& on your freshly, professionaly shampood carpet.

  • @keshe2692
    @keshe2692 3 года назад +18

    Looking forward to the cosmic rays episode. Loving these longer episodes by the way. It's far more informative.

  • @loge10
    @loge10 3 года назад +29

    I totally understood this- but then I didn't take my medication today. Exciting!!

  • @bazoo513
    @bazoo513 3 года назад +36

    11 significant digits in a particle physics experiment (in _any_ measurement, for that matter)! That is absolutely bonkers! Those people are magicians!

    • @danseremet
      @danseremet 3 года назад +4

      Yeah I feel like that's almost the most exciting piece of news here. A few years ago in undergrad I remember learning about these g-2 measurements and our lecturer said it's probably the most precise measurement ever done by humans, on anything ever, and it's astounding how well it agrees with theory (heh).
      I remember it as one of the few times I mentioned my lectures to my (non-physicist) friends, and got some blank stares in response :))

    • @stefanhensel8611
      @stefanhensel8611 3 года назад +13

      Physicists: "Quantum fluctuations blur everything."
      Also physicists: "We measured it down to the 25th significant digit."
      Then again, physicists: "Assuming pi = 3 …"

    • @EebstertheGreat
      @EebstertheGreat 3 года назад +4

      @@danseremet There are some other fantastically precise measurements out there. For instance the relative difference between the inertial and gravitational masses of a particle (the Eötvös parameter) has been measured as 𝛿 = 4±4 × 10⁻¹⁵ (1σ statistical error), with the presumed true value being 0. Similarly high precision results are obtained for the constancy of some physical constants, like the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ and the fine structure constant α, which have been measured to change at a rate of μ'/μ = 0.2±1.1 × 10⁻¹⁶ yr⁻¹ and α'/α = -0.7±2.1 × 10⁻¹⁷ yr⁻¹. The magnitude of the difference in charge between an electron and a proton has been measured at |ε| ≤ 1 × 10⁻²¹ e.
      However, measurements that are not expected to yield exactly 0 or 1 are harder to make, and the electron and muon g-factors are certainly among the best measured of these. But there are better ones. The hyperfine splitting frequency of the ground state of hydrogen has been measured as ∆E = 1 420 405 751. 7667 ± 0.0009Hz, a relative standard error of 6.3 × 10⁻¹³. By comparison, the muon g has been measured as g = -2.002 331 841 22 ± 0.000 000 000 82, for a relative standard error of 4.1 × 10⁻¹⁰, still a phenomenal result. However, the "anomalous" muon magnetic dipole moment, (g-2)/2, has a relative standard error of 3.5 × 10⁻⁷ since it is comparing against a much smaller number. So it depends how you count.

    • @drtidrow
      @drtidrow 3 года назад +3

      Indeed, only seeing a difference in the eighth or ninth significant digit means you're looking at a one part in a billion variation. I imagine that the people running the experiment are double-checking all possible sources of error, as this is a very tiny "signal" that could easily be swamped by noise of various types. Also, since this is the same ring as in the Brookhaven experiment, there could be a subtle flaw of some sort in the design of the experimental apparatus... probably they double- and triple-checked stuff like this before they published, but until these results get duplicated in another experiment with different equipment -or better yet, a different approach to making this measurement- there's always a chance that the equipment being used in the experiment is skewing the results just enough to show this effect.

  • @snozzmcberry2366
    @snozzmcberry2366 3 года назад +17

    I actually came out of this with a passing understanding of what's going on. An EXTREMELY basic, broad, layman understanding, but still the gist of it. Really well put together video, and quite exciting times.

  • @666Tomato666
    @666Tomato666 3 года назад +21

    "Experimentalists are the Oompa Loompas" LOL

  • @TheSucread
    @TheSucread 3 года назад +37

    It's very important that the 4.2 sigma result doesn't come exclusively from the new measurement! It is a combined deviation from BOTH the new Fermilab experiment and the old Brookhaven experiment clearly improved by combining two separate experiments.

    • @DreckbobBratpfanne
      @DreckbobBratpfanne 3 года назад +8

      True, but i think there's still the problem that parts of the experiment where reused and therefore we have to wait for a totally new experiment to confirm (i think one is planned for 2024 in Japan)

    • @LuisAldamiz
      @LuisAldamiz 3 года назад +3

      @@DreckbobBratpfanne - In outer space, I say, to better exclude/reduce the effects of gravity over the greater muon mass.
      Serious... although I (deviously) want to see how they manage to launch the magnet to microgravity orbit, really.

    • @FinnStokes
      @FinnStokes 3 года назад +3

      @@DreckbobBratpfanne Despite the big spectacle of transporting and reusing the ring, there is surprisingly little overlap in the systematics of the two experiments. It seems very unlikely at this point that the experiment is wrong, the only significant possibility there (although still very unlikely) is if there is something incorrect in the understanding of the technique of measuring the "wobble" of the muon as it travels around this storage ring. It is this possibility that some of the other planned experiments can rule out. With this second experimental measurement agreeing with the original, it's very much the theory prediction that has the uncertainty around it at the moment.

    • @DreckbobBratpfanne
      @DreckbobBratpfanne 3 года назад +2

      @@FinnStokes True. I hope this gets confirmed. Our two best theories atm where basically untouchable for so long, now at least one starts to ... wobble ... because of these muon wobbles 😂.

    • @efulmer8675
      @efulmer8675 3 года назад +3

      @@DreckbobBratpfanne Muons wobble but models fall down!

  • @WITHINOHBOAT
    @WITHINOHBOAT 3 года назад +161

    Oompa Loompas. Ah! Hahahahahahaha!!!!!!!

  • @hypnotourist
    @hypnotourist 3 года назад +5

    The enthusiasm of those two is not decaying !

  • @AlaskaSkidood
    @AlaskaSkidood 3 года назад +15

    I'm gonna have to watch this like two more times to get any idea of what was found. But the professors seem excited about!

    • @Ginjitzu
      @Ginjitzu 3 года назад +7

      In very brief terms, what they've found is that what they predict, and what they observe are different. The excitement comes from the possibility that the prediction is wrong. Physicists love to be wrong about their predictions because it leaves them room to ask "why", and "why" is a physicists favourite question.

  • @kasuha
    @kasuha 3 года назад +22

    26:20 Muons can be found pretty much everywhere on Earth surface in fact. Yes they decay in millionth of a second after they get created by collision of cosmic particle with our atmosphere but it's millionth of second their time and they travel near speed of light and in that time they manage to travel from upper atmosphere deep down underground, they can be detected even in mines.

    • @AntonAdelson
      @AntonAdelson 3 года назад

      Thanks!

    • @stefanhensel8611
      @stefanhensel8611 3 года назад

      Plus, if they move so fast, relativistic time dilation kicks in. Which means that although, as you say, they decay in a millionth of a second in their time, this may be a thousandth of a second in our time or even more - quite a bit of time to literally make an impact if you travel at 99.x per cent light speed.

    • @Michael75579
      @Michael75579 3 года назад +3

      @@stefanhensel8611 From our reference frame the muons are moving rapidly enough to experience significant time dilation; their clocks are running slow, which is how they survive long enough to reach the surface. In the muon's reference frame, the distance from the top of the atmosphere to the ground is length-contracted and the muons can therefore reach the surface in their normal lifetime.

    • @gauharhayat3461
      @gauharhayat3461 3 года назад

      @@valorousvigilante2491 decay means to change into something else basically, energy/mass/charge cant be destroyed or created, so whenever something decays in particle physics it just means its splitting up or transforming in some way. A muon iirc will usually turn into a plain old electron and a bunch of neutrinos

    • @stargazer7644
      @stargazer7644 3 года назад

      at 0.99c, a particle would only make it about 6900 feet in a microsecond (particle reference frame).

  • @stoatystoat174
    @stoatystoat174 3 года назад +9

    Thanks for the arrows to keep it clear which number they are talking about ⬅
    Feels like effortlessly knowing, with certainty, which number they are refering to kinda frees up more thinking bandwidth 😶🤗

  • @stevemoore12
    @stevemoore12 3 года назад +51

    I've been anticipating this video! Yay

  • @adamtaylor1739
    @adamtaylor1739 3 года назад +31

    Aw, I miss being in the lecture theatre. This year of my physics degree has been so uninspiring (and entirely remote) compared with previous years...

    • @elijah_9392
      @elijah_9392 3 года назад +9

      I'm doing an engineering degree. I feel you on a spiritual level.

    • @charliebrayson
      @charliebrayson 3 года назад +2

      Astrophysics here, couldn't agree more

    • @kdawg3484
      @kdawg3484 3 года назад +3

      @@elijah_9392 Don't worry, future engineer. Just ride it out and get your degree. Everything that's actually useful and worth learning in engineering you'll learn when you get out in the real world and start being an engineer. That's when it actually gets interesting.
      And if you're really doing it right, you'll be teaching almost everything to yourself. The best question you can ask as an engineer is "What do I NOT know?" ~ Chemical engineer, 14 years and counting, but probably with about 140 equivalent years of experience

    • @elijah_9392
      @elijah_9392 3 года назад +1

      @@kdawg3484
      That's true. I read my text books a lot.
      But I do miss physical labs and projects :/
      My university emphasizes theory and practice, so usually we have a lot of opputunities tomake things.
      Fortunately, everything will be normal this fall.
      Thank you for the encouragement!

    • @adamcummings20
      @adamcummings20 3 года назад

      Keighton auditorium >>

  • @let4be
    @let4be 3 года назад +11

    Those guys told such an interesting and captivating story that's unfolding right in front of our eyes I totally forgot about time and everything else, end of video came unexpected...

  • @1019jatin
    @1019jatin 3 года назад +91

    "They are the oompa loompa of science." That sounds like it was spoken by Sheldon Cooper.

    • @CraigChrist8239
      @CraigChrist8239 3 года назад +10

      He only said what we all know deep inside

    • @elkikex
      @elkikex 3 года назад +7

      Professor Moriarty: Irish mode activated!

    • @jorgepeterbarton
      @jorgepeterbarton 3 года назад +2

      A deep analogy. Weren't they basically the sanest most wise characters in the story?
      All the kids carted off for committing some cardinal sin whilst they rhymed wisdom.
      As for Wonka, pretty much unstable, overambitious possibly schizotypal, and basically conducting human trafficking of the oompa slave race but thats a bad business model he got.

    • @mk1st
      @mk1st 3 года назад

      Dang, that comment made me snort😂😂🤣

  • @jlivewell
    @jlivewell 3 года назад +8

    I cant even express how much I enjoy every one of these videos.

  • @NikozBG
    @NikozBG 3 года назад +4

    Brilliant video with brilliant editing. Both production and educational values are through the roof!

  • @yellowspace
    @yellowspace 3 года назад +4

    Its great to see the passion these guys have explaining particles.

  • @aozoratenshu
    @aozoratenshu 3 года назад +5

    I just love how much these guys love what they do! Really sound explanation, much more stepped out from the news. Thank you for the soup analogy as well.

  • @Volluta
    @Volluta 3 года назад +1

    This is the greatest channel on RUclips. Thanks for the clear explination! You guys are the best!

  • @djmintyfreshful
    @djmintyfreshful 3 года назад +4

    I would love to just sit down and talk with these gentlemen. Such pure interest and knowledge, it's really inspirational.

  • @gerelltroche
    @gerelltroche 3 года назад +10

    That sound effect of going back and forth is so intense on my headset gah XD

    • @XEinstein
      @XEinstein 3 года назад

      Get a better headset! It was fine on mine. ;)

  • @Kilroyan
    @Kilroyan 3 года назад +3

    Love the passion and excitement on display here. It's infectious! Thank you for continuing your work and finding creative solutions to the virus-related hindrances.

  • @pedroscoponi4905
    @pedroscoponi4905 3 года назад +12

    At first this was very dense with information but you all managed to put together something accessible, I think! Great stuff!

    • @meangreen8873
      @meangreen8873 3 года назад

      Each frame has so much going on!

    • @mk1st
      @mk1st 3 года назад

      Well, I got a soup recipe.

  • @markanderson1088
    @markanderson1088 3 года назад +22

    Been waiting for sixty symbols to cover this!!!

    • @annaclarafenyo8185
      @annaclarafenyo8185 3 года назад +1

      It's mostly hype, as both effects are dependent on QCD calculations which are always full of uncertainty.

  • @autobreza7131
    @autobreza7131 3 года назад +8

    Been waiting for this episode... did not disappoint!

  • @time_371
    @time_371 Год назад

    Wow this is a crazy brilliant video. It’s mind blowing the level of research going on here, I just have so much respect for these guys and also this channel.
    I’ve been watching Brady’s work again after some years and it’s just such a service to humanity.

  • @rodneyericjohnson
    @rodneyericjohnson 3 года назад +2

    Wow. I've watched many videos on this already and this one is by far the best explanation.

  • @KippinCollars
    @KippinCollars 3 года назад +6

    Man, I love Ed Copeland.

  • @neo-fm9yi
    @neo-fm9yi 3 года назад +5

    this makes me really happy I am going to university this year and I chose physic I was worried because of all the news that theoretical physics is stuck or things like that this makes it the perfect time to study physic I got really happy hearing this news

    • @tymekbraciszewski447
      @tymekbraciszewski447 3 года назад +1

      Hey, same here, I'll be starting in october. Every time you think physics is stuck just remember - people thought that not much long before discovering quantum dynamics. There will always be something new to uncover :)

  • @pt20829
    @pt20829 3 года назад +1

    Most exciting!!! Thank you for making this video so quickly. 😊

  • @bulavskyy
    @bulavskyy 3 года назад +1

    I love their excitement and enthusiasm! I don't get a fraction of what they are talking about, but the expectations are high and i'll be waiting for news on the subject.

  • @F_L_U_X
    @F_L_U_X 3 года назад +6

    _"Where have all the Muons gone? Gone to graveyards, one-by-one..."_

    • @Hiltok
      @Hiltok 3 года назад +1

      "When will they ever learn ..."

  • @casacara
    @casacara 3 года назад +7

    I really do hope it's new particles.

  • @idahoog1
    @idahoog1 3 года назад

    This was a treat, I have missed the longer videos with Ed Copeland.

  • @Quentin687
    @Quentin687 3 года назад +2

    These videos both astound me with how much people know and with how much we don’t

  • @Kaslor1000
    @Kaslor1000 3 года назад +4

    Excellent video, thanks.

  • @austin5060
    @austin5060 3 года назад +5

    Yessss thank you Brady

  • @unsearchablethings8167
    @unsearchablethings8167 3 года назад

    I really appreciated that discussion of the latest theories and ideas around the standard model. Very satisfying.

  • @jamesthompson3576
    @jamesthompson3576 3 года назад +1

    These physicists are great. Love these guys. Been watching SixtySymbols for what feels like a decade now.

  • @GaryCrasher
    @GaryCrasher 3 года назад +20

    "Experimentalists are just the oompa loompas" I'll make sure to tell all my experimental friends that one XD

  • @wnderer4365
    @wnderer4365 3 года назад +4

    amazing video of stable physicists at high energy level. ;)

  • @nucderpuck
    @nucderpuck 3 года назад +1

    This is a very illuminating presentation of the "muon mystery". You really managed to convey the essential experimental and theoretical results
    that cause the recent excitement.

  • @MrAY0000
    @MrAY0000 3 года назад

    I’ve been waiting on you guys to come and make sense of everything for me.

  • @unvergebeneid
    @unvergebeneid 3 года назад +8

    Haha, that experimental physics bash at the end! 🤣🤣🤣

  • @illustriouschin
    @illustriouschin 3 года назад +10

    4.2 Sigma means they haven't ruled out magical pixies yet.

    • @unvergebeneid
      @unvergebeneid 3 года назад +5

      As long as they're swimming in the soup.

    • @tinygriffy
      @tinygriffy 3 года назад +1

      @@unvergebeneid Ehww gross.. if I had pixies in my soup I would totally return that to the chef. .. wait a second ... 🤔

    • @efulmer8675
      @efulmer8675 3 года назад

      4.2 sigma is Douglas Adams trying to let us know that he's in charge of this mess called "the universe". :)

    • @jorgepeterbarton
      @jorgepeterbarton 3 года назад

      Monkey's gone to Heaven

  • @muzikhed
    @muzikhed 2 года назад +1

    I love Sixty Symbols, it's so well done and is my favourite science channel. I came across this site some time back by chance searching for the definition of a symbol and Sixty plus many more popped up and since then I am a regular seeker of your fun interesting and enthusiastic explanations. Fortunate are their students.

  • @amandyou
    @amandyou 3 года назад +1

    Its nice to see Ed Copeland back, I love his videos and his charming calm voice.

  • @newlaty72
    @newlaty72 3 года назад +4

    Damn muon! Now we gotta go back to school again, new physics

  • @passerby4507
    @passerby4507 3 года назад +5

    The experiments I do have around 50% error margins.

    • @talltroll7092
      @talltroll7092 3 года назад

      If you had the budget Fermilab or CERN have, you might be able to shave a few %age points off that

  • @julyanjohns1237
    @julyanjohns1237 3 года назад +1

    "there's a new vegetable that they've never seen before". this is exactly why i will watch anything on this channel with any of the proffs. the interaction between brody and them always teases out a great metaphor to at least give us a handle on what is being talked about.
    hi future youtube historians. it's saturday night and we're still in the pandemic. i'm sipping a margaritta, puffing on a fine blunt, and pondering the implications of a possible new particle to the standard model of physics. what a time to be alive :)

  • @cuteypetz
    @cuteypetz 3 года назад +1

    I actually (very briefly) worked with the team that made the straws for the g-2 experiment so I'm always happy to hear news of how the experiment has progressed :)

  • @MarkARebuck
    @MarkARebuck 3 года назад +10

    I was happier with the Fermilab results before I knew that they used the exact same magnet used by the Brookhaven team. I'm not trying to armchair quarterback this, but remember that all the best and brightest minds were involved in grinding the Hubble mirror to the most precise shape of any mirror in history. Precise... but wrong :-). The only reason we knew to question the original Hubble results was we had many other telescopes so we could say "Whoa! Those pictures are off! The telescope must be wrong!". With the Brookhaven/Fermilab results, everyone seems willing to say "Whoa! The results are off! New Physics!". This still feels like a "single instrument" measurement to me, and I'm always skeptical about single instrument results. I hope I'm wrong.

    • @astralchemistry8732
      @astralchemistry8732 3 года назад +1

      That's quite the brilliant idea. Now that you've said it - it's kind of obvious to take it into account. But this is beyond my sphere of competence. I'm curious what the smart guys will come up with.

    • @davidfrey2159
      @davidfrey2159 3 года назад +2

      They only said they used the same magnet. I didn't hear or read anything that suggests they also used the exact same sensors. The whole point of moving the ring to Fermilab was to upgrade the experiment.

    • @MarkARebuck
      @MarkARebuck 3 года назад

      @@davidfrey2159 That's correct. But if NASA had upgraded the sensors in the Hubble without adding corrective optics, the new sensors would still give precise-but-incorrect results. I know this isn't the Hubble, but the magnet is part of the system, so a systemic flaw with the magnetic would be a systemic flaw observed from both experiments. As exciting as these results are, they at least in part single-instrument results.

    • @davidfrey2159
      @davidfrey2159 3 года назад

      @@MarkARebuckI don't see it that way. The magnet is just the storage ring, giving the muons a place to hang out before they decay. It isn't making the observations, the sensors are.

    • @MarkARebuck
      @MarkARebuck 3 года назад +1

      ​@@davidfrey2159 The magnet is so much more than just a place for the muons to hang out. It provides the magnetic field in which the measurements are made, and the uniformity of the magnetic field is absolutely critical to the accuracy of the result. A huge part of their testing was around ensuring the uniformity of the field. It's not like the magnets in the LHC ring where the goal is to deliver stuff to the sensors. (Apologies for dragging out the thread. I've said my piece and will retreat. I do hope the results hold up!)

  • @scowell
    @scowell 3 года назад +4

    If you don't watch to the end you miss Tony's funniest comment of the year.

  • @ethanmacmillan2955
    @ethanmacmillan2955 3 года назад +1

    26:16 I love how he looks around the room for a second almost like he's looking for them

  • @AnexoRialto
    @AnexoRialto 3 года назад

    Best explanation of all the muon excitement I've seen. Congrats.

  • @superjugy
    @superjugy 3 года назад +3

    "oompa loompas" SHOTS FIRED!!!

  • @edibleapeman2
    @edibleapeman2 3 года назад +7

    If there IS a particle "Lepto-Quark" bridging the weak and strong forces, would it be suitable to presume the existence of other intermediate force carrier particles linking the other forces of nature?

    • @Ni999
      @Ni999 3 года назад +2

      Not really. Candidate particles are either a) derived from theory after suitably determining theoretically that they do not contradict existing observations and then deemed suitable for verification by experiments, or b) appear to be observed without explanation and can be deemed suitable for the theory-experiment process. An example of (a) would be the Higgs boson and an example of (b) was a particle that for many years during the theory-experiment cycle was the mu meson - which was eventually discovered to be the muon, not a meson at all. If I take the word _presumed_ at face value, without additional semantics, it is never ok to presume the existence of any particle. Some may do it, some may play with semantics and try to explain that they do it, but presumptions just are not the way to proceed methodically to improve our explanations for the universe.
      The electromagnetic and weak interactions have already been unified and accepted as electroweak theory. We may be a thousand years away from verifying that gravity has a boson (graviton) that exists and efforts to unify it have led to string theory and loop quantum gravity, neither of which are presumed correct. Unifying the electroweak and strong interactions is based on a scientific hunch - we have no compelling proof that unification is even the right thing to be looking for. Unification started back when we sure that we were 95% of the way home in explaining the universe. Since then our knowledge has doubled at least twice and we've learned that we presently can explain just under 5% of reality. We had a whole wonderful panoply of supersymmetry candidate particles that nearly everyone popular insisted that we'd find with the LHC and then hoped that we'd find with the LHC upgrade. Everything was really solid and it hit the best-selling lists for years in popular science books. It might still be verified someday, somewhere but at this point, no one is holding their breath.

    • @user-me7hx8zf9y
      @user-me7hx8zf9y 3 года назад +1

      @@Ni999 beautiful

    • @Ni999
      @Ni999 3 года назад

      @@user-me7hx8zf9y Thanks 👍

    • @edibleapeman2
      @edibleapeman2 3 года назад

      @@Ni999 "Presume" shows up in my lexicon because I'm a writer and therefore operate almost entirely in Imaginationland, where wishes are cheap and wild possibilities abound. I understand the revulsion the word carries within the scientific community, and I appreciate the passion with which you draw that line of distinction. It's an important one.
      But if you'll allow me to persist slightly on a point:
      "We may be a thousand years away from verifying that gravity has a boson (graviton) that exists and efforts to unify it have led to string theory and loop quantum gravity, neither of which are presumed correct."
      Is it possible for an intermediate force carrier to exist between Gravity and [insert choice of forces here]? As a non-rhetorical question, I'd think the answer can be ONLY yes - yes, it's *possible* - but I'm wondering HOW possible it is; and would the discovery of such a particle perhaps point the way to the fabled graviton?
      (Onward to anti-grav deck plating!)
      Thank you for taking the time to respond. This channel has been a hallmark of learning for some ungodly reckoning of years. You're appreciated.

    • @Ni999
      @Ni999 3 года назад +1

      @@edibleapeman2 And at the risk of burning you out, let's look at claim that we may be on the path to a new fundamental particle over the latest muon results, reposting one of my comments from elsewhere -
      Same day as the Fermilab results came out, a paper was published in _Nature_ that showed that the Brookhaven data agreed with a new g factor theoretical calculation using a lattice QCD technique. It's behind a subscription paywall.
      For an open article about it, search for _"the conversation Proof of new physics from the muon's magnetic moment? Maybe not, according to a new theoretical calculation",_ it's very interesting.
      For all we know, that could be the tip of the iceberg in a huge advancement in quantum chromodynamics and it's being buried by the hype tsunami promising "new physics." What if the new physics is fixing QCD and no one heard?

  • @sandwich2473
    @sandwich2473 3 года назад

    _Very_ curious about this. Always interested to see new info about it

  • @LePezzy66
    @LePezzy66 3 года назад +2

    I wish it wouldn't take me such a long time to understand physics to the point that I could join conversations like this

  • @dropdatabase8224
    @dropdatabase8224 3 года назад +16

    Can we get some suggestions for the name of the new particle? Assuming it actually exists of course.

    • @lordwalrus183
      @lordwalrus183 3 года назад +7

      Bingus

    • @Ginjitzu
      @Ginjitzu 3 года назад +1

      @@lordwalrus183 😆 That sounds like something Dr Steve Brule would call it.

    • @antoineroquentin2297
      @antoineroquentin2297 3 года назад +9

      Muonnaise

    • @kapa1611
      @kapa1611 3 года назад +9

      Oompaloompon?!

    • @asmrjunkie6613
      @asmrjunkie6613 3 года назад

      I say call it the "Newton" it ends in -on, it'd be a new discovery, and just like Newton, pave the way for discoveries in Physics.

  • @MatiStein
    @MatiStein 3 года назад +4

    You got to do something about cosmic rays, indeed.

  • @vgfxworks
    @vgfxworks 3 года назад +1

    they managed to explain in common language what I couldn't with uncommon ones. LOL . now I'm in peace, thank you.

  • @kwgm8578
    @kwgm8578 2 года назад

    Brady, you've done a really "super" job with this video, and I don't mean to take any credit away from the two physicists. Each tells the story differently which adds greatly to the understanding of the muon "excitement" a few months back. Thank you.

  • @friiq0
    @friiq0 3 года назад +4

    The vertical reflection of “LHCb” looks very Russian. I was a bit confused for a moment, thinking it was supposed to be GNSR 🤨😅

    • @tinygriffy
      @tinygriffy 3 года назад +1

      Ha.. same thought here :D

  • @DanielVCOliveira
    @DanielVCOliveira 3 года назад +11

    "Oh behave!"
    Real Austin Powers groove there baby

  • @NathanaelNewton
    @NathanaelNewton 3 года назад

    Nice :) I was waiting for a video from this channel before looking at any of the breaking news 😀

  • @B2theENJAMIN
    @B2theENJAMIN 3 года назад +2

    We need a video on the "gravitational background", and possibly if it can be used in Prof. Copelands work!

  • @nix207
    @nix207 3 года назад +18

    It's the middle of the night but I gotta hear this.

  • @Starold1
    @Starold1 3 года назад +3

    I missed Ed!

  • @markbell9742
    @markbell9742 3 года назад

    'I don't know enough to know what I don't know'; but I have been following particle physics since my high school days (50+ years ago). In about 1996 at the company I worked we had a lunch-time lecture by Dr. Murray Gell-Mann . . . WOW! This literally bring a tear to the eye.
    Press on!
    Mark
    *********************************

  • @788home
    @788home 3 года назад +2

    Wonderful!! I love all the twists and turns as we seek to prove our expectations - rather than suspend expectations and witness.
    Personally, I am fond of Feynman's view - that its up to the theorists to match the experiment - its not the responsibility of the experiment to match our 'concepts' of what we want the 'world' (universe, etc.) to behave like. "We must have a particle (to explain this)" sounds to me like a 'fix' - even if it temporarily fits (Ricky's "splain it to me, Lucy" [I Love Lucy Show]). The proverbial 'looking for the lost car keys under the lamp post' (because that's where the light is) instead of where you more likely dropped them.
    All that - and kudo's to you both for a great video and an accessible rendering of what's happening at FNAL (and CERN). THANK YOU!

    • @harmvzon
      @harmvzon 11 месяцев назад

      But if all the formulas and calculations work when u use a missing element, then you could also say that this element is obviously there. The missing value.

  • @Xendra
    @Xendra 3 года назад +3

    if we let these guys keep going, soon they'll be able to make their own path of exile builds

  • @LightDiodeNeal
    @LightDiodeNeal 3 года назад +4

    'Physicist's eye for the lame guy', perfect. Tony and Ed, brilliant

  • @joshuamitchell5530
    @joshuamitchell5530 3 года назад

    Yes i was waiting for this video ever since I saw it on the news!

  • @sander_bouwhuis
    @sander_bouwhuis 3 года назад +2

    I was surprised he said the muon decayed into one electron. With 200 time the mass (energy?) I would have expected either multiple electrons or one electron with a bunch of other particles to have conservation of energy.
    Does the electron get 200 times the energy compared to an electron at rest? Is there someone here who can explain what is actually happening?