X17 - A new particle? -- Sixty Symbols
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- Опубликовано: 1 июн 2024
- Professor Ed Copeland discusses research into the so-called X17 particle.
More videos with Ed: bit.ly/EdCopeland
More links, clarifications and info below ↓ ↓ ↓
Professor Ed Copeland is based at the University of Nottingham...
www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/...
Long interviews with Ed: bit.ly/CopelandGoesLong
Periodic Videos - see videos about every element from our sister channel: bit.ly/118elements
Corrections from Ed:
"Around 4'40" saying the X17 particle came out with low momentum, I meant low velocity. Later on I said the X particle interacts differently with electrons compared to protons. I meant neutrons and not electrons but I said it right just after that."
Some academic papers relevant to this video...
Observation of Anomalous Internal Pair Creation in Be: A Possible Signature of a Light, Neutral Boson - arxiv.org/abs/1504.01527
Protophobic Fifth Force Interpretation of the Observed Anomaly in Be Nuclear Transitions - arxiv.org/abs/1604.07411
New evidence supporting the existence of the hypothetic X17 particle - arxiv.org/abs/1910.10459v1
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18:58 Brady: "Are there X17's in the room with us?"
Prof Copeland: ...squints around in the room before answering...
he was probably looking around the room to see if there was any beryllium
Always perform the Safety Squint when there's exotic particles around!
Ha! Just posted the same before reading comments. I laughed out loud when he did that.
I think it's just a weird human reflex like looking at your watch when someone asks when are you going on holiday.
Just making sure there aren't any obvious X17s hanging around before saying no.
Just want to stop by and say that Sixty Symbols was the reason I gained an interest in physics and the sciences. I don't come from a background where I would have ever thought I had what it takes to study anything, let alone something that seems so complicated. But the accessibility of the topics and the way you all present them pushed me to get my degree. Just about to start my Masters in Astrophysics.
Thank you!
rrryan Wow congrats!! I agree, I have learn much here. This channel makes it fun to learn- It’s the way the describe things so enthusiastically!!
@@mikefelber5129 Exactly. Science at school was so dull, but the way it was presented here is always so interesting and the enthusiasm of the experts is infectious!
@@rrryan9719 You should go on the channel and share your story!
well done!! It only takes love
rrryan See I’ve always loved science & the way they described topics caused me to eat up new knowledge- Either way the delivery is solid gold
I absolutely love these calm videos with Professor Ed talking about possible new discoveries. They're perfect for a quiet watch during breakfast or right before bed.
... or while taking a hot bath after a hard workout session.
I always listen to the profs video's before falling asleep. So soothing!
Watching this with my afternoon coffee.
He's the Mr. Rogers of Physics.
Ed is the best
"So right now, there's no X17s in you?" - "Well, I often am quite excited".
THat's just life as a celt
Hahahaha
Ed needs his own channel to talk at length about stuff like this, i could easily listen to him for hours at a time
daveangels he has such a calm and charming voice, i love it
Go to Nottingham university and you'll have it :P
19:53 "That's a tough question" answers it anyway without hesitation
True madlad
I think that remark is the physicist equivalent to an EULA disclaimer: "This answer constitutes our current best understanding, but may change without notice."
:-)
He didn't actually answer it. He talked about how most of the mass of the proton is mostly in the gluon binding energy. What I expected to hear is that charge and baryon number conservation prevent the electron and proton from simply going away as there is nothing lighter than them but with the same charges that they could decay into, and there is no antimatter around to annihilate them (The tough question here is "Why is there so little antimatter?"). His answer is only remotely related to that: The proton doesn't decay because the quarks themselves are light so they have nothing to decay into. But all he said is that quarks are not very massive without mentioning how that is related to their stability. Probably this connection is so second nature to him that he didn't think the viewers can't make the same connection.
@@siquod Yep I found that a bit jarring, probably should have been cut from the video.
I love the Professor Ed Copeland vids. He manages to explain these immensely complicated experiments and results in a way someone like me who just enjoys learning can almost understand
Andy Clegg in a way maybe his daughter could understand?
Were were those kind of professors when I was studying?!
100 points for Brady, his questions are amazing!
Are particle physicists who research hypothetical particles hypothetical particle physicists?
@@u.v.s.5583 Hypothetically
💯
Definitely!
Brady as usual with very good questions.
I would say borderline metaphysics. The last half of he video you can see Prof. Copeland having a hard tIme resisting the urge to say "I don't know, we have insufficient data to derive a meaningful answer."
I agree, Brady's ability to ask the right questions is part of what makes him a great journalist.
@@y__h I dare you to ask Multivac.
Professor Ed's tone and the speed of his speech is absolutely brilliant!! Great Video!!!
What an exceptional video. Calm (almost) understandable presentation by the best on RUclips, and incisive questions.
It doesn’t get much better than this.
Thanks to both of you.
Usually with things like this, if you perfectly understand what's going on, that is only proof you don't understand at all.
I am a simple man. I see Ed, I click like.
Psychx simple and unoriginal
Particle physics just gets more interesting with Professor Ed Copeland!🙌👏
Well, I like the man, too. His enthusiasm and happiness with science is quite lovely. But... There's something about his voice that puts me into a trance and I fall asleep.
Is it just me or does Professor Copeland posses a unique type of charisma? :)
Professor Copeland explains things so well that even I can almost follow along.
This was a super interesting episode. You got more into the weeds than usual and I love it. Professor Copeland is fantastic at explaining things in an understandable way without dropping too much of the complexities.
"Well, I often am quite excited", that made me have to stop the video and laugh.
A fascinating video. Prof Copland was brilliant in not only being able to explain the research behind the X-17 particle in a simple, easy to understand way but also in being totally unfazed by some of the tough and relevant questions being put to him by Brady.
Professor Ed is like the Mr Rogers of particle Physics. He's got that disarming sort of voice that you actually want to listen to.
I love it when the professors get a question from Brady and you can tell they think it's a really good question, something that sounds simple but really drives to a core concept. Brady, you're an excellent interviewer.
He wanted to say beryllium boys 11:25
If there was a particle with a mass of 17 MeV, how has it been missed all these years? An accelerator that produces enough energy to produce this is not a difficult thing.
@@puppetsock If the particle is protophobic, there are very few experiments which could actually observe it. Also, it's production cross section should be low enough that some experiments simply won't have enough data to see it (this is particularly the case for nuclear physics experiments, some old experiments could have seen it, but they didn't have enough statistics). Our current accelerators could indeed be used to look for it, and there will be many experiments looking for particles like it in the coming years.
This video is berylliant!
... I'll get my coat 😬
This is by far the best material on this topic. I'm in the direct neighborhood of the Institute where the experiment was done. Still, Prof. Copeland and Brady did a way better job explaining the thing than any other resource I've seen on the topic. Thanks a lot!
fanthomans2 I like waffles
New particle? Ed? That’s a must-watch video.
Triple-alpha process in large stars creates temporary a lot of Beryllium-8 and helium 4 in an excited state , it could then create a lot of x17 if it is real
all the reactions occur in the core, if the lifetime is 10^-12 none could ever escape.
That would be exciting!
Not sure whether Be-8 has more than one excited state in that energy range.
And one couldn't detect it at all, sadly. It wouldn't make any observable difference.
I could have told you about X17 years ago, I use it all the time to get to Coventry!
I love listening to this guy. One of my favorites! He genuinely seems like a nice dude.
I had a look around my room too. none here either.
This is the best video I've seen on x-17
Great questions Brady , great answers Ed
Brady: "So are there any X17 particles in the room?"
[pause]
Ed: Looks around, searching.
Ed Copeland did a fantastic job in this interview even when there is clearly quite a limited amount known about X17. Very clear and interesting explanations
Great video. Well balanced views from Ed. It gives people some insights as to how we push back the edge of knowledge in the sciences. As well as the specifics around this particular particle and it’s existence or not. More of this sort of stuff please. Slightly longer format and a chance to go through some of the evidence.
Dr Ed always boils stupendously complex stuff down in a way I feel I can understand.
I never knew why this angle issue was a thing. Now I do!
Thanks guys... a great conversation... I got heaps from Brady's questions and Ed's answers. Big hug to you both.
Very interesting, and wonderfully explained. Thanks Ed and Brady!
The most amazing video in the last few years. Thank you.
Pls make more videos with the professor. Love to see hes insights, and explanations!
The videos with Ed Copeland are the best...regardless of topic or channel.
I'm so fond of this channel. It really drove me to study physics.
Brady and Ed, as usual an *excellent* video. Superb questions with great answers. Thanks to you both!
Finally another video with Ed Copeland. I waited so long to see some more content with him. I just love his calm and precise way of presenting content. Great.
This video is fascinating and the questions are so on point the entire interview. Thank you for your content!
New video... I'm happy. I'm a simple man. Thanks for making these supremely nerdy videos. I love all of them, even though I'm too dumb to grasp most of the underlying concepts and I have to re-watch each one 3 times to really get any point... I try to fool myself into thinking I actually understand physics and what these nerds are saying. I don't. But I can't stop watching them. I don't know why. Does anyone else here love these videos despite having no formal education in physics and science? I imagine everyone watching these already knows a ton about science.
Thank you Professor Copeland and Mr Haran: Brilliant interview
Ed - thanks for sharing your insights. Agree another experiment really needed, or another couple. I am extremely surprised it has not been done. Anyway, I will stay tuned. Great interview. Thanks.
Yep, Brady , your questions made this a great video. Thanks all of ya for creating these videos.
Ed is my absolute favorite love waking up to his videos thank you Brady you are the man
More Ed! I loved his long series on the early universe from years ago.
LOVE this video. A difficult topic broached with not much assumption beyond high-school physics - yet it exists on the cutting edge of nuclear and particle physics.
Very impressed with the quality and straight-forward questions too. Really reflecting and representing the layman viewer without dumbing anything down.
Would love to see a follow-up to this video should more information come to light 😀
Great explanation of how this experiment is done. Thanks for that!
Great questions from Brady and such patience from Ed. More 60 Symbols!
This channel is trully an inspiration. Thanks for this work!
Truly fascinating content presented in an understandable manner. Thanks SS, you just gained a new sub.
Ed Copeland! Awesome, been while.
Very much dig Professor Copeland's vids and explanations.
This is a damn good episode Brady. Great questions from you.
I SEE ED. I CLICK. omg im so excited
Like the beryllium atom in the video_
I love Ed's explanations
brilliant conversation.thanks
Wonderful interview - probing questions, well-articulated answers a layman can hope to follow, at least for a little way down the particle physics rabbit hole. Thanks!
Love the question you asked around 19:50! Cheers!
What a great interview! I could listen to this all day. I’ve become super interested in the discovery of new particles and it’s been difficult to find anything that discusses all the “exotic” particles we’ve discovered so far? I’m curious if there are any videos or sites that provide a list or collection of the “exotic” particles we’ve discovered so far? I’d like to understand what we’ve seen so far and what the probability of finding even more elementary particles (I’m looking at you, dark matter!) I think I’m up to speed with elementary particles, but would like to see more on the exotic quark combinations (tetraquarks, mesons, etc) Any thoughts on where I might find anything that covers these particles or discusses them? Thanks again, Sixty Symbols!
Man, I just love your videos and particularly this professor too. Thank you!!
Amazing video. Thank you professor and thank you Brady. You are both awesome.
Can we have more videos of professor Ed Copeland! He is really great!
Thanks to you I look into the process of excitement and relaxation in a quite different way
Love watching Prof Copeland!
Ed Copeland is brilliant. And Brady is an great interviewer.
14:58 Love the Professors reaction to Brady's question lol
The ability of science to speak of such hypotheticals in such great detail while still fiercely holding onto the notion that they might not exist at all is what makes it such a mature subject. The ability to admit one might be mistaken is not a trait that comes easily to us humans. It is a sign of maturity, humility, and wisdom when we see it in those around us when it comes to our own personalities and when applied to ourselves. And I think the same proves true for other endeavours we take part in.
Please make more videos w Professor Copeland!
Excellent questions Brady... I continue to be impressed. First the result must be replicated! I now (sorta) understand the distinction between nuclear and particle physics... I assume they sometimes share lunches.
Been hoping for a more in-depth vid on x17 since I saw a popular article about it!
I like to think Brady is quite qualified in many fields now, from hanging out with so many professors explaining stuff
You can definitely tell from watching the 10+ yr progression of videos how much more knowledgeable he's gotten.
Brady's question is getting tougher and tougher to answer
Finally new video and like always an interesting one
More Prof. Ed Copeland please! :)
Lovely presentation and fascinating topic, thank you. Can anyone explain to me why the emitted photon is referred to as being "virtual"? It does seem to carry away a specific amount of momentum and result in the creation of a known amount of mass upon decay. Is this photon detectable other than by these decay products? Lastly, are there any other examples of proto-phobic type behavior for non-charged species?
Such a good speaker, somehow understood everything.
Brady's question game is on point!
Interesting Video. We rarely hear about the interactions within major particles and their quarks and gluons. Make a video talking about those interactions. How gluons interact, and hold it all together in a proton. Usually all we get is Proton consists of xyz quarks etc.. but rarely do we get info on these interactions.
I love it when something just makes intuitive sense in physics. the hugh momentum particles firing off electrons in a narrow angle makes so much sense.
Absolutely love Ed as well as the Sixty Symbols videos! I think there may have been an editing error this time though- the title cards seem to be displaying a weird flashing behavior :o
Great video! Small correction though: the Z in the NA64 experiment refers to the scattering of nuclei (bremsstrahlung), not interactions with Z bosons
I really enjoyed watching this video.
thank you professor Ed C. another amazing explanation. The sort of thing I would fly past in New Scientist.
Fantastic video! I loved it!
Great, very informative episode.4:40 and 5:03: Isn't the X-particle momentum equal with the photon emission situation, so the velocity is low, as the mass is high (so the momentum is identical as for the photon)?
physicist : we found a new thing that is so small u will never see it and so complex u will never understand it
me , not a physicist : my understanding of reality is fundamentally altered now
My misunderstanding of physics is fundamentally altered now.
I don't think they really found it.
Are you 12?
me, a writer: Did I heard dark matter? Well, now I got the fictive birth date for one of my characters. 10/17 it will be, no matter if that X17 thing exists really or not.
Brady has the best questions, as always!
We need a follow up video when an update comes.
Great video, love this stuff
Could the decay also be done in reverse? Like firing Electrons and Positrons into each other in order to create X and verify its existence by the following decay into another Electron-Positron pair that comes out in a certain angle?
Yes, anything that can happen one way can happen the reverse. Though positron-electron annihlations can be messy.
These videos are amazing
I think Prof Copeland is my favorite. He seems so kind and knowledgeable
We need more Ed Copeland!
We need more Ed Copeland videos.
@BradyStuff, is the flicker effect (which I didn't mind at all, btw) used intentionally for some non-artistic reason, such as to improve audience recall of the content, perhaps?
Again I'm reminded of the fact that if you love something and your explaining it comes from you heart, you can explain even very complicated things to a layman, or a child.
The subjects like chemistry or physics, that many people hate in high school are actually awesome but our relationships with these fields are created by the teachers.
If someone just read aloud from the text book and doesn't have a real love and inner understanding for his/her field then how can they pass the love for it onto another?
What Brady facilitates is amazing because all these people live it, love it and can bring it down and talk about it on levels which gets everyone captivated.
I don't know if this quote of Einstein is true but even if it wasn't it makes the perfect sense:
If you cannot explain advanced physics to a child then you don't understand physics :o)
From what I've read, it seems like an easy enough experiment to perform in a well equipped university lab. Which begs the question, why isn't the experiment being repeated and results being published?
I agree, though I suspect that there is something I'm missing regarding the difficulty of performing this experiment. Either way, I'm eagerly awaiting the day that another team gives us some independent results so we have some other evidence to take into account!
It may be in the pipeline of a lab. Papers take so long to write.
I'm guessing the problem is the low probability of occurence. You'd probably have to observe, record and then filter through trillions of decays individually to find the right ones. Which would requite some sweet computing resources. At least this is how I imagine it. (I'm definitely not an expert, I'm just guessing here)
I'm not sure it's an easy experiment to perform at all. For this kind of impingement you need a reasonably sized proton accelerator, and access to very fast detectors/electronics. Not too many universty labs have that kind of equipment and those who do are well in demand for beam time already.
Aaron Stott True, but if this results in the discovery of a new fundamental force, I see that lab (and university) seeing an increase of endowments, among other things. And the original paper came out a few years ago. Should be enough time to schedule an experiment, if only to disprove the original paper.