Hi! Thank you so much for this video. I just have a bit of concern. May I ask how did the 15g of dried crab shell became 60g of dried deproteinized crab shell?
Hi Mr. Sasarello. Your procedure on extracting chitosan from crab shells is great, and it is really the best for my study. Can i ask for your literatures or sources for this procedure? It would really help me much. Thank you and good Day
Good day Mr. Sasarello! I find you videos interesting and beneficial, especially for me and my study! May I ask if you have articles/literature you used in this method? Thank you !
Good say Sir Sasarello, we are researchers from the Philippines and we are currently doing a research regarding chitin-chitosan extraction. We sent a message to your email regarding our queries. We hope we can ask even a little of your time. This would really be a huge help to us. Thank you so much!
May I know the methods and materials you used in extracting chitosan? I'm particularly interested in whether you powderized it. If so, what equipment or tools did you use to grind the chitin waste from shrimps and crabs?
I'm working with chitosan in reasearcher too, Size particle is important to reaction, dm, dp or da. So it's better work with size particle 0.5 mm, i'm working with that and I'm using a higher HCL M for crab shield. My crab has 73% ash
Good day Ms. Patricia, were you able to extract the chitosan by yourself without laboratory services? If so, what processes did you use? We are Gr 12 researchers and we are currently working on extracted chitosan from shrimps as fertilizers. We are looking forward to your response. Thank you.
Good day, I have a question about the ml and the grams. Is there are ratio that can be followed or a formula for the specific ml to put per grams of the shrimp shell. I am planning to use more shrimp shells to create more chitosan for the product.
I wonder if this can be done with shrimp shells powder? I mean, dried shells be put in mixer/grinder first to get powder form. And just then processed into chitosan. Because i have waste shrimp shell powder on factory thrown away and think if i can do something. Would appreciate if you can do video about it too, since i am sure there will be some additional steps to maintain consistent result. Thank you!
Dear Lorenzo, first of all sorry for the late reply. To answer your question: yes I think it is possible to use shells powder. Unfortunately I'm not planning that video very soon at the moment. Best
I think, if you start with powdered form a huge volume would be dissolved while treating with base and acid; also you wouldn't get desirable final product!
Dear Annika, I did not try with mushrooms. Howeverr, I think that the procedure could work even if chitosan into mushroom is complexed with polysaccharides, e.g. in form of chitin-glucan complex. best regards
First of all, I apologize for the late reply. Starting from 100 g of dried shrimp sheels I obtained 40 g of chitin and from those 20 g of chitosan. Best regards
@@renz.5592 This is difficult. Someones used formic acid, but this is even more difficult to find. You could try with acetic acid but I cannot guarantee the result. Sulfuric acid can work, may be in the initial decarbonization phase, but I would not suggest its use in the final phase (salification of the chitosan aminic form).
I see two potential issues: first may be that chitin was not hydrolyzed to chitosan. Second, if you used very concentrated acetic acid may be the ionic strenght/acidity was excessive. I would try with diluted acetic acid. Best regards.
First in mushrooms there is less chitina than in shellfish, second chitin in mushrooms is combined with another polysaccharide: glycan (it is a complex chitin-glycan). However, I think that the same procedure can be tried with mushrooms.
Good day, Sir! May I ask if there is an alternative acid for HCl or maybe a way to make 37% concentration of HCl be possible because we can't find any HCl with direct 37% concentration. Thank you.
In addition to my question, can we use alcohol burner instead of hot plate to heat the mixture? Will be much appreciated if you response to my questions. Thank you.
Good day! We are the researchers from the Philippines can I ask how much rpm (rate per minute) do we need while doing the process of extracting chitonsan? thank youuu
Good morning sir, i do a research on chitosan extraction from fish scale, can i use the same method. Because i try the different method before but have a problem on drying the fish scale. Can you give me any suggestion. Thank you
hello, sir. if i have 1 kg of shells, can i still use it in 750 mL of NaOH 2 wt% solution? or is there a specific shell - solution ratio to be followed? thank you.
Hi, Unfortunately for 1Kg of shells 750 ml of NaOH 2% are probably not enough (I treated 15 grams of shell with 750 ml NaOH 2%). To try to use as less as possibile of NaOH I suggest to try to add at least 1 liter of NaOH 2% and then add more NaOH solution to wet and cover all the shells. I hope this helps.
Dear, I my opinion the amine form can be better vs, eg, the HCl neutralized because you will not introduce Cl ions. On the other side, using the amine base form you have to check if the soil became more alkaline (but I think it does not). Best regards
Dear Joahnna, Unfortunately I am not familiar with oysters. I think Oysters being rich in carbonates you need a lot more hydrochloric acid. I'll give you the link to an article that talks (it seems to me) about the chitin contained in oysterswww.researchgate.net/publication/328884488_Utilization_and_Characterization_of_Oyster_Shell_as_Chitosan_and_Nanochitosan. Best Regards
Dear Mhary, regards the 50% and 2 % NaOH solutions for simplicity I have calculated the solutions as% weight / weight. So for the 300 ml 50% NaOH I added to 150 g of water 150 g of NaOH. For the 650 ml of NaOH I added to 637 g of water 13 g of NaOH. For the 7% HCL I started from a 35 % commercial HCl solution by diluting 20 g of HCl 35% to 100 ml with water in order to obtain a 7% HCl solution
Greetings Sir I am currently working on this project and got stuck in the extraction of chitosan from chitin phase. I used 50wt% NaOH according to the shrimp weight but the result is a gooey solid mixture. No matter how many times I lower the heat or any other thing isn't working. It would really help me if you could assist me on this. Thank you.
Dear Ankita, at the end of the reaction it is normal that the mixture it is still solid. Chitosan in base form it is not soluble. You should try first to wash this solid with water to eliminate excess alkalinity. Second you should put the solid in contact wih a solution of acid in order to make the salt form of chitosan: it should became a gel. You can use a solution of HCl (put the solid base form of chitosan in demi water, then add dropping a 10% HCl solution, stirr and controlls the pH). I hope this helps, best regards.
@@sasarello8124 thank you for your response, sir. One more concern for me is that the solution of hcl and the shells get solidified in 15-20 minutes. What should i do sir? I cant stir it if it turns solid even before 1 hour and we have to do this process for 2 hours, right?
@@Neoleono It is difficult to answer...because I can't see. However, if for "solidified" you mean the formation of a strong gel, this should be normal. In this case you could dilute it to lowe the viscosity. I hope this helps.
Greetings sir I am currently working on chitosan extraction from snail shells and I'm encountering a little difficulty at the the demineralization stage maybe because I haven't fully understood preparing the solution properly Also after successful production chitosan is insoluble in acetic acid don't know if you have any suggestions towards that Please can you help me out?
For demineralization I used 7% HCl for 4 hours at room temperature and it worked. For the question regarding chitosan poor solubility may be 1) amount of acetic acid used too low, try more. 2) unfortunately may be that the degree of deacetylation in the chitin was not sufficient
Good day, Sir! I am a researcher in the Philippines. May I ask Sir if which is the chitosan, the crab shells that go through all the procedures or the liquid from the different acids with demineralized water? Thank you, Sir!
Good day! The procedure is the same but, as substrate for the production of chitosan, different crustaceans can be used such as crabs and shrimps. As acid I used HCl and demineralized water. I hope this helps.
Good day, sir! Then after the crab shells was done with all the procedures the crab shells will be the chitosan, then will be grinded that can be used. Am I right sir? Thank you!
And also may I ask Sir if the “750ml NaOH 2wt% solution” means that the 2 grams of NaOH solvent was dissolve in 98-100 ml of water? Before it was used in dried crab shells, Thank you!
@@cents586 Yes, you are right. Remember that those shells grinded will be made of chitosan base form. If you want the chitosan salt you need to add an acid
Hello sir!if i keep the shrimps or crabs scales or shells in refrigerator for about 3 to 4 months.. would they pose any problem or degrade for chitin or chitosan extraction ?or should i work with fresh scales for extraction? Your suggestion will be much appreciated..
Sir, do you have any idea about gel formation with chitin or chitosan.. Is it possible with acetic acid or should it be done with SLS? Waiting for your kind suggestion, sir..
@@avantimukhopadhyay5855 Avanti, In my experience chitin does not form gels, while chitosan yes. IN particular chitosan of high molecular weight and neutralized with acids (acetic acid it is OK)
Chitin has in general a poor solubility in mosto of the solvents used for cellulose. However, for chitosan I think that it could be soluble in some solvents used for cellulose like carbon disulfide and N-methyl-morpholine N-Oxide. Best regards
Hello sir Sasarello! Your videos are so informative and are very helpful, especially for me, a chemistry student. My group and I are working on a research project, and we are particularly interested in the topic of chitosan extraction. I'd want to inquire, sir, about conducting an interview with you on this topic for academic purposes. We'd be grateful if you could share your knowledge with us. I was going to send you an email, but I couldn't find your email address on your RUclips channel. Hoping for your response and consideration, sir. We will be very much delighted if you permit and your ideas would definitely help us with our study. Thank you so much!
Hello Mr. Fidel, were you able to extract the chitosan by yourself without laboratory services? If so, what processes did you use? We are Gr 12 researchers and we are currently working on extracted chitosan from shrimps as fertilizers. We are looking forward to your response. Thank you.
Demineralization: the idea is to use acidophilic bacteria to generate acids. I tried this a few years ago and it's possible but it's a slow process. Deproteinization: the idea is to use proteases. I did not try personally but I think it is possible. Last but not least for the most impacting reaction that is the hydrolysis of chitin to chitosan, quite recently there has been work on the use of Graviola extract to obtain chitosan from chitin. very interesting (but I have not verified - www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-50133-z). Best
On point, very precise it literally saved me lots of hours that i would have to spend on literature.👌
Hi! Thank you so much for this video. I just have a bit of concern. May I ask how did the 15g of dried crab shell became 60g of dried deproteinized crab shell?
Hi Mr. Sasarello. Your procedure on extracting chitosan from crab shells is great, and it is really the best for my study. Can i ask for your literatures or sources for this procedure? It would really help me much. Thank you and good Day
Good day Mr. Sasarello! I find you videos interesting and beneficial, especially for me and my study! May I ask if you have articles/literature you used in this method? Thank you !
Dear Jude, I am sorry but I can not attach any document. You should send me an email address... Best regards
Hi mr sasarello I have sent you an email
@judematthewbatdidan1236 did he reply ?
Good say Sir Sasarello, we are researchers from the Philippines and we are currently doing a research regarding chitin-chitosan extraction. We sent a message to your email regarding our queries. We hope we can ask even a little of your time. This would really be a huge help to us. Thank you so much!
May I know the methods and materials you used in extracting chitosan? I'm particularly interested in whether you powderized it. If so, what equipment or tools did you use to grind the chitin waste from shrimps and crabs?
I'm working with chitosan in reasearcher too, Size particle is important to reaction, dm, dp or da. So it's better work with size particle 0.5 mm, i'm working with that and I'm using a higher HCL M for crab shield. My crab has 73% ash
Good day Ms. Patricia, were you able to extract the chitosan by yourself without laboratory services? If so, what processes did you use? We are Gr 12 researchers and we are currently working on extracted chitosan from shrimps as fertilizers. We are looking forward to your response. Thank you.
@@rodrigomiguel512
Good day, I have a question about the ml and the grams. Is there are ratio that can be followed or a formula for the specific ml to put per grams of the shrimp shell. I am planning to use more shrimp shells to create more chitosan for the product.
I wonder if this can be done with shrimp shells powder? I mean, dried shells be put in mixer/grinder first to get powder form. And just then processed into chitosan. Because i have waste shrimp shell powder on factory thrown away and think if i can do something. Would appreciate if you can do video about it too, since i am sure there will be some additional steps to maintain consistent result. Thank you!
What do you do with the waste byproduct?
Dear Lorenzo, first of all sorry for the late reply. To answer your question: yes I think it is possible to use shells powder. Unfortunately I'm not planning that video very soon at the moment. Best
I think, if you start with powdered form a huge volume would be dissolved while treating with base and acid; also you wouldn't get desirable final product!
Is it safe to extract the chitosan at home?
Hello sir, can you please tell me what is that apparatus used in last step( chitosan from chitin)?
Can this technique work to get chitosan from mushrooms as well? If so, how long will it take?
Dear Annika, I did not try with mushrooms. Howeverr, I think that the procedure could work even if chitosan into mushroom is complexed with polysaccharides, e.g. in form of chitin-glucan complex. best regards
hi! may i ask how much chitosan have you extracted with the given measurements?
First of all, I apologize for the late reply. Starting from 100 g of dried shrimp sheels I obtained 40 g of chitin and from those 20 g of chitosan. Best regards
very good
Hello sir good day,is this type of chitosan can be use for chitosan coating in fruits and vegetables, that we may also consume ?
Hello sir! Can we use Chitosan prepared from this video in hemostatis.
Yes, but only in lab experiments. Not for real application! Best regards
What does WT means?
Hello sir!! i would like to ask if this process works for fish scales as well? or does it have to be shells?
Unfortunately I think it will not work. Fish scales should contain keratin and not chitin. Best regards
Hello Sir, about how many grams of chitosan will be extracted from 500g of shrimp? Thank you.
Dear Arisu, starting from 100 g of dried shrimp shells I obtained 20 g of chitosan. Best regards
Good day! Is demineralized water interchangable with deionized water? Thank you!
Yes both are OK. Best R
@@sasarello8124 Additionally, will there be any other substitutes for hydrochloric acid? I find it difficult to find it in my country (Philippines)
@@renz.5592 This is difficult. Someones used formic acid, but this is even more difficult to find. You could try with acetic acid but I cannot guarantee the result. Sulfuric acid can work, may be in the initial decarbonization phase, but I would not suggest its use in the final phase (salification of the chitosan aminic form).
hello sir, from the process in the video, what are the characteristics of the chitosan obtained, especially the degree of deacetylation? Thank You
Unfortunately I did not measure the DA. Best
Hi I performed the method. However, I couldn't dissolve the extracted chitosan in acetic acid!
I see two potential issues: first may be that chitin was not hydrolyzed to chitosan. Second, if you used very concentrated acetic acid may be the ionic strenght/acidity was excessive. I would try with diluted acetic acid. Best regards.
Will this work with mushrooms instead of shellfish?
First in mushrooms there is less chitina than in shellfish, second chitin in mushrooms is combined with another polysaccharide: glycan (it is a complex chitin-glycan). However, I think that the same procedure can be tried with mushrooms.
Can you suggest the filter used to filter the solution?
Good day, Sir! May I ask if there is an alternative acid for HCl or maybe a
way to make 37% concentration of HCl be possible because we can't find any HCl with direct 37% concentration. Thank you.
In addition to my question, can we use alcohol burner instead of hot plate to heat the mixture? Will be much appreciated if you response to my questions. Thank you.
Sure, you can use an HCl with different concentration. In particular which concentration do you have?
@@ElyssaVale In principle you can use an alcohol burner, just make sure it is sufficient to heat the sample!
@@sasarello8124 29%, Sir
Good day! We are the researchers from the Philippines can I ask how much rpm (rate per minute) do we need while doing the process of extracting chitonsan? thank youuu
Good morning sir, i do a research on chitosan extraction from fish scale, can i use the same method. Because i try the different method before but have a problem on drying the fish scale. Can you give me any suggestion. Thank you
As a first step I would try the extraction method in the video. Best regards
hello, sir. if i have 1 kg of shells, can i still use it in 750 mL of NaOH 2 wt% solution? or is there a specific shell - solution ratio to be followed? thank you.
Hi, Unfortunately for 1Kg of shells 750 ml of NaOH 2% are probably not enough (I treated 15 grams of shell with 750 ml NaOH 2%). To try to use as less as possibile of NaOH I suggest to try to add at least 1 liter of NaOH 2% and then add more NaOH solution to wet and cover all the shells. I hope this helps.
thank you sir! so it means that the important thing is all of the shells are covered? @@sasarello8124
thank you, sir. so the important thing is it gets covered by the solution? @@sasarello8124
Good day sir! can we ask how much mL of water, 2% NaOH, and 7% HCl is needed to create a kilo worth of chitin?
hello sir, just wanna ask, can I use distilled water instead of demi water?
Yes, you can use distilled water. Best
Hlo sir what form we can buy chitosan for soil stabilization
Dear,
I my opinion the amine form can be better vs, eg, the HCl neutralized because you will not introduce Cl ions. On the other side, using the amine base form you have to check if the soil became more alkaline (but I think it does not).
Best regards
Thank you sooo much..your video was a great help
what do you use for heating it? whats that blue thingy
It is an electric heater. Best
what do u think can be the alterna to ve for muriatic acid?
Alternative to muriatic acid could be acetic acid. Sulphuric acid could be used but chitosan sulfate is less soluble than the hydrochloride. Best
Hello sir! Thanks for this video! Would this method be effective for oyster shells too? Your response is much appreciated
Dear Joahnna, Unfortunately I am not familiar with oysters. I think Oysters being rich in carbonates you need a lot more hydrochloric acid. I'll give you the link to an article that talks (it seems to me) about the chitin contained in oysterswww.researchgate.net/publication/328884488_Utilization_and_Characterization_of_Oyster_Shell_as_Chitosan_and_Nanochitosan. Best Regards
@@sasarello8124 Thank you so much sir :)
Hello Sir! is it okay if we don't apply pressure for deacetylation? why is it required?
Dear Aditya, I think that pressure it is not required, the deacetylation reaction occour at atmospheric pressure. Regards
@@sasarello8124 Thank you for your reply! One last question, is it true that we need 300ml of 50% NaOH to convert 3g of chitin to chitosan?
@@adityanalawade7557 This is what I did in laboratory. Probably, in order to optimize the use of NaOH, may be possible to otain a reduction.
Sir, can I ask what kind of dried crab did you use in this video?
Also, Sir is it all right if we use already cooked crab shells (from seafood restaurants)before turning them into dried crab shells?
Hi,
The crab I used is the one that is commonly found in adriatic sea: carcinus aestuarii.
Best regards,
Alessandro
@@sasarello8124 thank you sir
can we use this chitin for supplements
In my opinion, yes
Hello sir! may I know the formula on how to get the 50% wt of 300 mL NaOH, 2% wt of 650 mL NaOH, and 7% of HCL. Thank you!
Dear Mhary, regards the 50% and 2 % NaOH solutions for simplicity I have calculated the solutions as% weight / weight. So for the 300 ml 50% NaOH I added to 150 g of water 150 g of NaOH. For the 650 ml of NaOH I added to 637 g of water 13 g of NaOH. For the 7% HCL I started from a 35 % commercial HCl solution by diluting 20 g of HCl 35% to 100 ml with water in order to obtain a 7% HCl solution
@Sasarello thank you, Sir!
@@sasarello8124 Isn't 150 grams of NaOH too much? Thanks for the video.
@@yagmurcamc3273 No, because it is a 50 wt% solution. Chitin is very resistent to hydrolysis.
Greetings Sir
I am currently working on this project and got stuck in the extraction of chitosan from chitin phase. I used 50wt% NaOH according to the shrimp weight but the result is a gooey solid mixture. No matter how many times I lower the heat or any other thing isn't working.
It would really help me if you could assist me on this.
Thank you.
Dear Ankita, at the end of the reaction it is normal that the mixture it is still solid. Chitosan in base form it is not soluble. You should try first to wash this solid with water to eliminate excess alkalinity. Second you should put the solid in contact wih a solution of acid in order to make the salt form of chitosan: it should became a gel. You can use a solution of HCl (put the solid base form of chitosan in demi water, then add dropping a 10% HCl solution, stirr and controlls the pH). I hope this helps, best regards.
@@sasarello8124 thank you for your response, sir. One more concern for me is that the solution of hcl and the shells get solidified in 15-20 minutes. What should i do sir? I cant stir it if it turns solid even before 1 hour and we have to do this process for 2 hours, right?
@@Neoleono It is difficult to answer...because I can't see. However, if for "solidified" you mean the formation of a strong gel, this should be normal. In this case you could dilute it to lowe the viscosity. I hope this helps.
Greetings sir
I am currently working on chitosan extraction from snail shells and I'm encountering a little difficulty at the the demineralization stage maybe because I haven't fully understood preparing the solution properly
Also after successful production chitosan is insoluble in acetic acid don't know if you have any suggestions towards that
Please can you help me out?
For demineralization I used 7% HCl for 4 hours at room temperature and it worked. For the question regarding chitosan poor solubility may be 1) amount of acetic acid used too low, try more. 2) unfortunately may be that the degree of deacetylation in the chitin was not sufficient
How much viscosity can get by this method ?
Abdul, It depends on the substrate but the samples I obtained are highly viscous (I do not have a viscosimeter, however)
what do you mean by "neutrality" ?
To obtain an approximately neutral pH
Good day, Sir! I am a researcher in the Philippines. May I ask Sir if which is the chitosan, the crab shells that go through all the procedures or the liquid from the different acids with demineralized water? Thank you, Sir!
Good day! The procedure is the same but, as substrate for the production of chitosan, different crustaceans can be used such as crabs and shrimps. As acid I used HCl and demineralized water. I hope this helps.
Good day, sir!
Then after the crab shells was done with all the procedures the crab shells will be the chitosan, then will be grinded that can be used. Am I right sir? Thank you!
And also may I ask Sir if the “750ml NaOH 2wt% solution” means that the 2 grams of NaOH solvent was dissolve in 98-100 ml of water? Before it was used in dried crab shells, Thank you!
@@cents586 Yes, you are right. Remember that those shells grinded will be made of chitosan base form. If you want the chitosan salt you need to add an acid
@@cents586 Yes, you are right
good day sir! may we know how many mL of NaOH and water is needed in 750mL NaOH 2wt% solution? thank you, sir!
Dear Mica Ella: 15 g of NaOH + 735 g water. Best regards
@@sasarello8124 thank you so much sir!
how can we apply pressure?
Air tight glass container, when the liquid and gass heated it expand and couseing the pressure
Can you please explain me what is neutrality of solution?
It is a pH of the solution as much as close as possible to 7. Best regards.
@@sasarello8124 So, we have to maintain the pH concentration of solution while washing, I am right sir.
Comment va ajuster le PH Svp ?
Chitin and zink is the latest materials being used in battery's
Hello sir!if i keep the shrimps or crabs scales or shells in refrigerator for about 3 to 4 months.. would they pose any problem or degrade for chitin or chitosan extraction ?or should i work with fresh scales for extraction? Your suggestion will be much appreciated..
Dear Avanti, I think that the use of frozen scales or shells does not pose any problem. Go ahead!
@@sasarello8124 okay thank you so much..
Sir, do you have any idea about gel formation with chitin or chitosan..
Is it possible with acetic acid or should it be done with SLS?
Waiting for your kind suggestion, sir..
@@avantimukhopadhyay5855 Avanti, In my experience chitin does not form gels, while chitosan yes. IN particular chitosan of high molecular weight and neutralized with acids (acetic acid it is OK)
@@sasarello8124 okay.. thank you so much sir..
Hello sir. I would just like to ask how would the chitosan from this processed be verified as chitosan? Thank you.
As first step I would run an FT-IR spectra. Best regards
Hi Sasarello! I'm a graduate student that is working with chitosan, I was curious to know if you had any thoughts on good solvents to chitosan?
Chitin has in general a poor solubility in mosto of the solvents used for cellulose. However, for chitosan I think that it could be soluble in some solvents used for cellulose like carbon disulfide and N-methyl-morpholine N-Oxide. Best regards
@@sasarello8124 Thank you very much, I had found similar suggestions in other literature and am happy to have gotten your thoughts!
Good day Mr. Sasarello I have already sent you an email thank you!
Hello sir Sasarello! Your videos are so informative and are very helpful, especially for me, a chemistry student. My group and I are working on a research project, and we are particularly interested in the topic of chitosan extraction. I'd want to inquire, sir, about conducting an interview with you on this topic for academic purposes. We'd be grateful if you could share your knowledge with us. I was going to send you an email, but I couldn't find your email address on your RUclips channel. Hoping for your response and consideration, sir. We will be very much delighted if you permit and your ideas would definitely help us with our study. Thank you so much!
Hello Fidel, my email is ale.gagliardini@gmail.com - Best regards
Hello Mr. Fidel, were you able to extract the chitosan by yourself without laboratory services? If so, what processes did you use? We are Gr 12 researchers and we are currently working on extracted chitosan from shrimps as fertilizers. We are looking forward to your response. Thank you.
Hello I'm microbiology student deminilaration and deproteinzation biological methods plzz upload
Epdi panrathu nu soluga
Demineralization: the idea is to use acidophilic bacteria to generate acids. I tried this a few years ago and it's possible but it's a slow process. Deproteinization: the idea is to use proteases. I did not try personally but I think it is possible. Last but not least for the most impacting reaction that is the hydrolysis of chitin to chitosan, quite recently there has been work on the use of Graviola extract to obtain chitosan from chitin. very interesting (but I have not verified - www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-50133-z). Best
@@sasarello8124 tq so much 🥰 it's my pg project
@@sasarello8124 I have one doubt deminilaration process results epdi identify pannanum some articles analysis FTIR method was used plzzz reply
@@angelrani-ni3wo I am not sure to understand the answer. However FTIR can be OK to discriminate between chitin and chitosan. Best
Hi sir sasarello. I've sent you an email just this time. Hoping that you'll receive it and take your time to read it. Deeply appreciated.
Hi sir, I emailed you hoping for your response. Thank youuu!
hello i have some questions to ask. do u have any social media that i can send message to. thanks
yes sir. do you have any social media that we can send message or contact to ask some question regarding the preparation of this chitosan?
#alexjones #joerogan #timpool #covid19 #tmz #russellbrand #ufc #wwe #nba #nfl
Hello sir, can you please tell me what is that apparatus used in last step( chitosan from chitin)?
Hi sir, I emailed you hoping for your response. Thank youuu!