Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions and The Calvin Cycle
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- Опубликовано: 3 июл 2024
- Summary Of Photosynthesis: This video covers all the steps of photosynthesis from start to finish! Plants perform photosynthesis to create sugars. The reagents of photosynthesis are photons of light, water and carbon dioxide. The products are Oxygen, Glucose (a sugar) and a bit of water vapor.
Detailed "BOGOnotes" Study Guide available for download here! etsy.me/2M9R8ak
0:00-1:05 Introduction to Photosynthesis
1:05-1:25 Reagents and Products of Photosynthesis
1:26-2:43 Location of Photosynthesis
2:43-3:25 Proteins of the Light Dependent Reactions
3:25-4:32 Photolysis
4:33-7:50 The Electron Transport Chain (aka the Light Dependent Reactions)
7:51-12:50 The Calvin Cycle (aka the Light Independent Reactions)
12:51-13:32 Summary
The Light Dependent Reactions take place across the Thylakoid membrane in the inner compartment of the chloroplasts. These reactions take in sunlight and water and generate ATP, NADPH and Oxygen. Oxygen is released through the plants’ stomata, and the ATP and NADPH are used later in the Calvin Cycle.
In the Light Dependent Reactions, photons of light strike two photosystems, as well as molecules of water. The water molecule splits into oxygen, protons and electrons in a process called “photolysis”. The oxygen diffuses out, the protons are used to establish an electrochemical gradient, and the electrons enter the electron transport chain. In the ETC, an electron is transferred from protein to protein, causing more and more protons to be pumped into the thylakoids. The electrons are ultimately transferred to NADP+ and then moved to the Calvin Cycle. The proton gradient is exploited to generate ATP using ATP synthase. The ATP will also be used later in the Calvin Cycle.
The Calvin Cycle (aka the Light Independent Reactions) takes place in the stroma; the open space inside the chloroplasts. The process combines RuBP and Carbon Dioxide using an enzyme called RuBisCo, a process we call “Carbon Fixation”. Then, it adds Hydrogen and electrons from NADPH and uses energy from ATP to reshuffle the molecules into Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, aka “G3P” aka “PGAL”. Two PGAL molecules are set aside to produce Glucose, while the remaining 10 are “reinvested” into the Cycle to keep it turning. The chemical reactions use both the ATP and NADPH that were generated in the Light Dependent Reactions.
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#photosynthesis #lightdependentreactions #calvincycle #electrontransportchain #carbonfixation
NGSS: HS-LS1-5
Detailed Photosynthesis study guide available for download here! etsy.me/2M9R8ak Use the code RUclips for a discount!
You explain so good but still make very few videos in a whole year
It makes me a little sad that I'm a poor student unable to contribute, when I see really hard work and good teaching from someone I'll never meet or be able to say thank you to in person. I really appreciate this presentation! You seem to be a really good teacher, and good teachers are quite rare. I'm finding respiration and photosynthesis harder than all the other topics in biology. Is this common or is it just me? In any case, I hope you're having a great week for making these really good presentations!
Hi there! Thanks so much for taking the time to write such a kind note! It was my pleasure to make the video; youtube wasn't really a thing yet back when I was staggering under the weight of organic chem, advanced neurobiology etc in undergrad and I wish this sort of thing had been available. My goal has always been to make the resources I wish had existed back then. As for photosynthesis and respiration; you're right. They're complicated and just about everyone struggles with them at some point. The important thing is to do just what you already did; seek out sources that make sense to you to get a better foundational understanding. Then, go back to your textbook/whatever resources your school provided, and try to build that information onto the foundation. Look for key terms that keep popping up in both places, processes, molecules and concepts that are repeats, etc. And be sure to take notes in a way that works for you; your classmate or your professor's style might not be it. (And if a professor tells you that "drawing isn't a good way to take notes" tell them to please shove it) Sending love and best wishes from Boston!
-BOGO
@@BOGObiology
Thanks for the reply, and you're very welcome! Our textbook is usually relatively good (I think it's called Pearson's Biology Fundamentals, I seem to have different versions with different names), but the chapters on respiration and photosynthesis don't show how it everything fits together very well. Some things are really not clear. Your video's the clearest, while still being detailed, I've found! You made a logical progression from each point to the next, and made sure everything fit together logically into a big picture. You'd be surprised how rare that is! Thanks for the notes and study advice. Learning is definitely a skill too. I have about 7 weeks to study for some pretty big exams, and videos like yours really do help. Hope all's well in Boston. Best wishes from Madrid, Spain (I'm actually from the UK originally, but for the moment living in Spain).
@@BOGObiology Wow, you really have a golden heart. I mean you are full of love.
@@smallsir7306 Thank you!
As a civil engineer trying to understand photosynthesis, I couldn't have found a better resource. Incredibly done! Thank you so much
Thanks, Ashvatch! I'm so happy it was useful, I put a lot of work into it! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
please never stop making these videos. Of all the videos I've watched I understand this one the most, I am a very "look and explain with pictures" kind of person, so the drawings and the way you explain photosynthesis make it easier to understand, I'm about to take a test and this was very helpful. On to cellular respiration!
Absolutely 👍🏻
One of the best explanations I've found, thank you! Especially loved the NADP dump track comparison
Thanks! My students actually came up with the NADPH-dump truck analogy; I'd originally compared it to a backpack, but they liked having the items be visible in the bed of the truck and then have the bed be empty on the return trip. Way better than my original idea. Sending best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
I love it! The accounting is easy to see and the steps are easy to grasp. Wonderfully done, thanks.
The best video regarding Photosynthesis I've ever seen.
Thank you very much for your effort.
Great video! I am a high school and junior college biology teacher. I loved the images and diagrams. I have been using the analogy of NADP+ being an empty bus for many years. My students seem to remember it more, since it rhymes. NADP+ is the empty bus, NADPH is the bus filled with high energy electrons.
i just want to let you know that you are the only way i'm learning from my botany class!
thank you, and i love you!
Thanks, Play! Glad to hear the video was helpful but I'm sorry your botany class isn't covering the content in a way that works for you! Stop by any time. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
I wish all my subjects had a teacher like you! thank you very much!
These notes are wonderful! Really helped me understand so much better! Please keep doing this!
Thank you so much for you videos! I have my basic horticulture midterm coming up and you are such a big help w/ studying
the best explanation of all, thank you so much.
Bogo-notes are GREAT!
Thank you. It is helping me out a lot. Clear and easy to understand.
I am just so impressed by seeing such amazing notes!!!
It helps me a lot in the biology of high school. Keep up the good work!👍👍
THIS IS AN AMAZING LESSON. thankyou sooo much for your time.
Thanks, Val! I'm so glad you found it helpful! I've been meaning to do a new photosynthesis vide for a year. Do you have suggestions for other topics? Take care! -BOGO
The best video explaining of photosynthesis I have ever seen
Thanks! Glad you like it. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
Awesome explanation!!! Way better than my professor and extremely clearer than the book! Thank you!! I purchased the notes as well!
It’s awesome the way you try to teach
Really it comes from the heart
Thanks, Ashu! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
PGAL get crazy made my day. Good stuff. I really hope this channel takes off because you're doing phenomenal work.
Thanks, George! I used to say "get freaky", which my students thought was funny, but the administration didn't ; ) Thanks for taking the time to say hello, and I'm sending you love and best wishes from Boston -BOGO
Please continue making videos. This helped me a lot! ❤️Thank youuu
Glad to hear it, CJ! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
This video is amazing... I spent hours in order to learn this topic and now I see you video and think to myself "I could have done it in 13 miniutes"
Glad it was helpful! I had fun making it. Sending love from Boston! -BOGO
I'm a French student in biology and I have an exam tomorrow, I just wanted to tell you that your videos are so much easier to understand than my lessons, in French... I'm not fluent in English, but it was enough for me to understand everything (I've loved the story about the truck haha).
Thank you for these videos, I'll talk about these with my French classmates!!
have a great day, love from Paris!
It's the best photosynthesis video for building a strong concept....THANK U MA'AM Love from INDIA.
Thanks so much, Dipanjan! I'm so happy it was helpful; I enjoyed making it! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
This was very well done and understandable great job.
Thank you so much for this one.
these videos are so helpful!!! Thank you
Thanks, Haley! So glad they're helpful! Please forward them to your classmates! Sending you best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
your channel is so underrated. it is easy to understand and it helps me a lot for my quiz bee tomorrow. your vids are on different languages too. I know this channel will be a hit someday.
I appreciate that, Jamille! Thanks for stopping by; sending love from Boston!
Very helpful video that I ever watched based on photosynthesis part. What a wonderful teacher you are, I love it ❤. Thank you very much, theruwan saranai.
This is such an amazing discussion!
I don't typically leave video comments - but WOW! This was such an incredible video description of photosynthesis. This process makes so much more sense now, and I loved how you made the process easier to remember with examples such as the dump truck. I am taking Cell Biology at my university and this description has helped tremendously with that class. Thank you so much for all of the time and effort you put into this video. This college student is SO GRATEFUL!!
Thanks very much for such a thoughtful comment, Hillary! Glad to hear the video was helpful. Please feel free to forward it to your classmates; if you found it helpful they may as well and college is all about sharing tips, tricks and resources. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
Currently in 1st master biochemistry (uni) and watched this as a quick recap, helpfull and nicely drawn!
Thanks, Arthur! Glad to hear it was useful! Currently working on an updated one for cellular respiration in a similar style. It includes similar diagrams plus a couple well-placed poop jokes haha. Sending best wishes from Boston, USA! -BOGO
I was falling asleep in class when I watched this and rewatching it now with my full focus, it is so easy to understand LMAO
It was superrrrrrr insightful, thanks so much!!!
You're so welcome! Glad it was useful. Sending best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
Very well explained!!!
Thanks, Lap! Glad it was useful! Feel free to forward to your classmates; if you found it useful they probably will, too. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
Wow thankyouuu subscription done for sure!!
I wish all your videos had these fantastic worksheets!!!
Thanks, Savannah! I'm working on it! I'm so glad the worksheet was helpful; I'm hoping to release worksheets with every future video and also to (eventually) work through many previous videos to create supplementary materials. It's just very time consuming!!! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
Also! Please let me know if there are particular videos where you think it'd be most useful to have worksheets!
BOGObiology yes! Respiration especially since it’s just as complicated!
@@savannahweaver6729 Oh, PERFECT! That's actually my next video that I'm working on right now. I'm planning to co-release the video with a set of guided notes, similar to what I did for photosynthesis. I posted a couple of "drafts" on instagram, definitely check those out!
Very useful ❤ Thank you so much 🎉
I don't know if good can best describe this content, this is more than good, it's best. Just a small correction, the process and diagrams got complex but you forgot to mention that you were going to break it down and simplify it to such an extent that even an elementary kid was going to understand. As I did rewatch and drew the diagrams every piece connected. You are really good. This is one of the best video I have ever watched. I am likely to have a 100% in my botany test tomorrow and all credit goes to you. Thank you so much.
Beautifully explained 👌👌.Very helpful
Thanks, Pooja! Glad it was helpful! Please share with your classmates; if you found the video useful, they probably will, too! Sending love and best wishes from Boston -BOGO
Thank you so much for these videos! I have a test tomorrow and have found it hard to study just with my teacher’s notes and the textbook. This is very helpful!
You're so welcome, Esther! I literally *just* finished splitting this video into chapters about 10 minutes ago, so I hope that helps you navigate to the content you need and skip over the rest. If you could forward the video to any of your classmates who might find it useful, I'd sure appreciate it. Sending love and best wishes from Boston and I hope you crush your exam tomorrow! Love, BOGO
@@BOGObiology Already shared! Yeah I noticed that it was split up when I came back to revisit stuff but I didn’t think it was before!
thanks so much for teaching. really helpful
You're very welcome, Mohammad!
OH MY GOD, you are saved me, I'm a french studente, and this part I don't understand. I've a evaluation at 16P.M.
Thank you so much, your explainte is easy and understanding.
Salut ZS, je suis très heureux que la vidéo ait été utile!! Bisous, BOGO
i have an exam ahead. and your video help me a lot to understand the material. i proud of my self finding up your great channel. keep the good work :)
Thanks, Anastasya! Wishing you luck on your exam from Boston! -BOGO
These notes look awesome. This would be a great tool for my professor instead of the sleep inducing lectures he gives
Thanks, Euphonia! So happy to hear the materials are useful! What class are you taking and do you have suggestions for other videos? I'm always looking for input! -BOGO
@@BOGObiology Well, they LOOK useful and I may suggest to my Prof that he take a look at them. The class is BIO1111: Introduction to Biology. The unit we're finishing is Energy, Respiration, Photosynthesis. Up next is DNA, Inheritance and Biotechnology. I think it's just really standard stuff. I will let you know if anything seems to warrant one of your helpful videos. Thanks for your work on these.
Wow you make it soo clear ...really appreciate ❣🥰
You’re welcome 😊
Studying for my biology finals in two weeks this was a lifesaver.
So happy it was helpful, Zenyatta! And I'm impressed that you're preparing two weeks out; so many folks wait until the night before haha. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
This video was wonderful!! Hope you make other videos , for example : explaining how heart works, or another organ!!! I really hope you make other videos where you explain such hard processes!! Thank you so much for your effort and for the willpower and passion!! Love u!!
Thanks, Ester! I used to have a video up about the chambers, vessels and nodes of the heart, but it was very sloppy because I made it quickly in between classes, so I took it down. You've inspired me to re-make it! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
BOGObiology happy for u❣️❣️
Thats great!
U are insane man
Amazing
Haha thanks, Jitendra! Sending love and best wishes from Boston!
Thank You for doing the videos. I need all the help I can get...lol
You're not alone, trust me! 29,000 other people have visited this video thinking the same thing. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
Great videos!:)
Thanks, Ben! Sending you best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
wonderful, thankyou so much !! :)
You're so welcome! Glad you found it useful! Please share it with your classmates; if you thought it was helpful, they probably will, too! Sending you love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
Mad. Evolution made this possible.
These videos are great, thank you so much for making them :)
Thanks, Birdy! I always "complain" about how long it takes to make them, but I totally love all the drawing and diagramming and explaining ; ). Please forward this to any of your classmates who might fight it useful; if you thought it was helpful, they likely will, too. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
@@BOGObiology You draw all of this, I thought it was just a nice font!
@@militpatel4309 Yup! The lettering and diagrams are all hand-drawn. Well, "hand drawn" with a stylus on an iPad that is.
@@BOGObiology That is really impressive :)
Great video! ♥️
Thanks, Janet! Please share with your classmates; if you found it useful they probably would, too! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
@@BOGObiology I'd definitely do that! Your videos are really amazing and so easy to understand😘 kudos to all the efforts u put in, it can b clearly seen in your videos😍
Please upload more content related to botany.. so amazing and logical your way of explanation ❣️🙌🏻💯
Thank you, I will!
What can I see!! Just amazing❤🙏 I am a under grad student preparing for my competitive examination. I was really confused between the linking of light reaction to dark reaction but not from now😂❤ I can just THANK YOU FOR SUCH COMMENDABLE WORK ❤ LOVED THE VIDEO VERY MUCH!! ❤❤❤
Thanks, Devansh! I'm so glad it was helpful. Hopefully you're safe wherever you are! Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
@@BOGObiology Sending good vibes from INDIA LOVE LOVE❤
Wow great
Thanks, Parmvir! I put a TON of time into making it, and I'm so glad you like it! Please share with classmates, if you think they'd find it helpful! Take care! -BOGO
Finally understood it
I wish you were my biochemistry professor!
i watched about fifteen videos on this topic but after watching this one i didnt feel any need to proceed to another
Awesome
Thanks, Vanna! Glad you found it useful, I had fun making it. Sending love and best wishes from Boston! -BOGO
thanks a lot
Thanks, Gaspard! Stay safe out there, please! -BOGO
Thanks
You're welcome, Ana! Glad it was helpful
thats amazing thanks alottttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
You're so welcome! It was my pleasure. Sending love from Boston! -BOGO
in sane
🥰
superbbbbbbbbbb
💫💫💫💫💫💫💫
thanks a lotttttttttt
Glad it was helpful, Megha! Sending love from Boston! -BOGO
I like the idea of study guides, do you do videos on Honors Chemistry? Or AP Chemistry?
Not yet! Maybe someday!
@@BOGObiology Ok thank you!
Keep it up make more videos 😃
I'm working on a new one as we speak!
where does the breakup of water occur? in psii?
i love you
Haha thanks, Noor! Sending love back from Boston! -BOGO
and I accidentally found a gem❤
Good video, but actually ATP is not an reactant (ingredient) of photosynthesis... it´s Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide and sunlight that gets traped by the chlorophyll.
I've watched almost every single photosynthesis video and NO ONE explains where the first RuBP comes from. No one realizes that this creates a chicken and egg problem.
But WHO created all these OPTİMAL and PURPOSEFUL functions ???? Cf spider silk, giraffe necks, smart OCTOPUSSES !!!!
T
exhuasted electron? geez... please use real scientific terms.