Photosynthesis - Light Dependent Reactions and the Calvin Cycle
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- Опубликовано: 1 июл 2024
- This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into photosynthesis - the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to convert Carbon Dioxide and Water into Oxygen gas and sugars such as Glucose. Photosynthesis can be broken into two stages: The light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions also known as the Calvin Cycle or dark reactions. In the light dependent reactions, Water is oxidized into Oxygen gas by Photosystem II which transports the electrons in through the electron transport chain inside the thylakoid membrane eventually producing high energy molecules like ATP and NADPH. ATP is produced by the enzyme ATP Synthase in a process called Chemiosmosis very similar to cellular respiration. The Calvin Cycle takes in CO2, ATP, and NADPH to produce G3P which is later used to make sugars like Glucose and Fructose.
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I don't think the video said this (at least I didn't catch it), but during the conversion of the 5G3P back into 3RuBP, it requires the usage of 3ATP -> 3ADP to receive the phosphate group - this is what makes the net count 9 ATP and not 6 ATP.
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For anyone stumbling about with this specific part; it's 9 ATP/ADP in the summary due to 6 ATP/ADP forming during reduction and 3 ATP/ADP during regeneration.
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Please note that on the last part it should be 12 Nadp+ instead of 6. Thanks for the video.
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In the electron transport chain it takes two H2O to produce 2NADPH, but in the Calvin cycle it requires 12 NADPH. If it takes one water to make one NADPH why doesn't the formula call for 12H2O? What happened to the other 6 H2O?
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Hey i have a question! You say NADP is reduced into NADP+. Wouldn't that be oxidation since your losing an electron?
Note that there are other enzymes and other compounds involved in these reactions. However, they aren't that important to help you get the GENERAL grasp of the two reactions.
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17:44, 12 NADP+ instead of just 6 molecules of it? Everything should be doubled here.
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So, 3 molecules of CO2 go in at the same time? Or is it one at a time? My notes say that it’s takes 6 turns of the cycle to make 2 G3P-> 1 glucose molecule.
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Hello, Sir. May I ask if you could provide a transcript for this? Thank you very much!
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Nice video, but what happened to the phosphate on carbon-1 when biphosphoglycerate was turned into G3P?
btw, I'm 13.
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what happened to one of the phosphate group on 1,3-phosphoglycerate, after it got converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?. It would make more sense if it was the 3-phosphoglycerate that got converted into the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate but, i am a bit confused. help!