History Summarized: The Greek Age of Cities
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- Опубликовано: 14 мар 2024
- PINS ON SALE WOOOOOO! - Spring Cleaning sale at overlysarcastic.shop/
Ancient Greece created a social ecosystem of numerous independent cities to cater to my tastes specifically.
SOURCES & Further Reading:
“The Greeks: A Global History” by Roderick Beaton, 2021
“The Greeks: An Illustrated History” by Diane Cline, 2016
“Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece” by Donald Kagan & Gregory F. Viggiano, 2013
“Revolution” & “Tyranny” from “Ancient Greek Civilization" by Jeremy McInerney
“Dark Age and Archaic Greece” from “The Foundations of Western Civilization” by Thomas F. X. Noble
“Dark Age and Archaic Greece” & “The Greek Way of Waging War” & “Greek Language, Literacy, and Writing” from “The Greek World: A Study of History and Culture” by Robert Garland
I also have a degree in Classical Studies
Our content is intended for teenage audiences and up.
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Pinned Pin comment:
"PINS ON SALE WOOOOOOOOO"
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-B
You're the Best guys😊😊😊❤❤
I'm waiting for my Eros and Psyche pack
Was the pinned comment about pins pinned with one of the pins the pinned comment pined about?
@@theanimeunderworld8338same 😅
"Win Fights, Get Rights"
SERVICE GUARANTEES CITIZENSHIP
Then the Roman nation attacked...
@@sodadrinker89 Pretty sure most greek city states were under the thumb of Macedon before Rome started to get involved
@@sodadrinker89😂why the heck did you react to a starship troopers references with a "avatar the last airbender" references 😅😅
@@chheinrich8486Why not?
@@sodadrinker89 nothing, it’s just SOO RANDOM🤣
“A twink named Alex.” I have been indirectly called a twink too many times.
As they should smh 😊😊😊
Mr sandman, bring me a twink
make him the cutest thing I've ever seen.
@@benthomason3307That works way too well
Internet Uncle-Gay🏳🌈 approves of this very gay thread.
"A nap"?
Blue that was more like a coma
“Five more minutes”
“You’ve been in a coma for 400 years!”
“Okay, five more minutes”
Please, that's barely even enough time for the continents to move 10 meters.
A very long one at that
Please refer to channel name. :D
Babe wake up, OSP posted.
Get some originality
They post every Friday, honey
@@bio9leader60 I know, isn't that great.
Almost like they rarely do 😂 sweetie, just tune in every Friday.
@@thehellenicneopagan I know, I'm simply exited when a favorite youtuber uploads :)
Absolutely the helmets. "Twink called Alex" turned my coffee mug into a neti pot so thanks for that
Wouldn't expect any less from our very own History loving Greek Twink, Blue!
You mean it’s not the spanakopita ?
I spat out my water
Honestly Blue, I think you should just embrance your iner greekness and make a full 1h video on greek civilization following all tangents you feel like. You seems to enjoy talking about it so much and it is always a joy to learn more about it.Thanks for the video!
Yes, we'd be happy to watch you nerd about Greek civilization for an hour or more
Oh yes PLEASE
3 hours - to serve as a bookend to the Roman video ❤
All in favor say aye!
I second this motion
3:31 "If my harvest fails, it's your ass."/"Bring it, malaka."
From a Greek fan, thank you! This was perfect!
It's so good to see Blue talking about ancient Greece again. It's interesting how all these cities were so fiercely competing against each other despite having essentially shared culture and traditions.
Agreed.
A healthy level of competition between cities that share a common culture was probably very healthy for the society as a whole. The drive to do better than your neighbors likely kept everyone driven, innovative, and proud. Just my guess.
Frankly, I’m impressed that it’s a serious video about Greece instead of a meme video about Caesar getting stabbed. Ides of March and all.
When Blue mentioned how we changed our views about the battles' development from orderly to an unintentional brawl, I thought that maybe we are assuming too much from the evidence we have.
I mean, highly competitive societies with similar cultures is how we see ourselves in the present, and the previous notion, bringers of order in a world of caos, was what colonial countries saw themselves as.
Tough, I'm assuming too much myself too, probably.
Agreed. How ridiculous would it be for cities across the US to identify with their own sports teams to the point of seeing all other cities as hated rivals? That would be bizarre.
I was really happy when I realized the US had moved their clocks again because this way OSP releases match up perfectly with my lunch break
Ahhh that's why they are an hour earlier than usual!
Good to see Blue in his natural habitat again. Nature is healing.
"The original word Tyrannos simply refers to someone who girlbossed their way to supreme power without being elected to it"
absolutely love it, 10/10
5:47 Wait.... I just realized Pankration would be an accurate Greek localization for All Might... I can already imagine the Ancient Greek MHA dub be like "ΕΓΩ ΕΙΜΙ ΠΑΝΚΡΑΤΙΟΣ"
I love how Alex the "is corse and rough and gets everywhere" (my favorite version) always catches flack for being ...well, him
Be careful of this path you tread cities. It starts with city-states, then you get city-kingdoms, then city-empires! Before you know it, you're stuck on a city-planet! And city-planets are no fun to live from, I'm speaking from personal experience here!
Hello there
Fun Fact: The old saying from … Aristotle was it? … that "Man is a political animal" is a mistranslation. The actual statement was, "Man is the animal whose _natural environment_ is the polis." Or to correct the version we know, "Man is the _urban_ animal."
Had nothing to do with politics, and _certainly not_ what we today call "politics."
Looking the word is πολιτικον which means of or relating to citizens. So at the very least it means something more like man is by nature a civic creature and it is taken to mean living in a community, so social.
A translation I found includes this line a little later "And why man is a political animal in a greater measure than any bee or any gregarious animal is clear." So yeah "social" might be a better rendering, but still.
The word politics derives from polis and our sense of modern politics is a lot broader than you seem to think. As in when we talk about "office politics" where we mean the complex web of interrelations and hierarchies of a group of people living and working together.
@@allanolley4874Thank You for taking my comment and running with it!
It's been _decades_ since I was in college and had my History of Classical Greece class, where I first heard the correct definition.
Again, thanks for the enhancement! 😁
Makes sense since he said the majority of the people should be slaves.
Ahh yes, back to our roots. Feels right to have Blue talking about Greek history
"And military history is boring anyway." A certain Swedish metal singer with a mohawk and a steel-plated shirt would like to have a word with you.
Joakim Brodén
He is right though
PRIMO VICTORIA
Ooo, ah
Ooo, ah
Ooo, ah
Ooo, ah
Ooo, ah
Ooo, ah
Many many years ago when Persia came ashore, heading Leonidas' call the Spartans went to war
@@pluemas Wrong.
Love when Blue does Greek content. Always such a treat! His excitement and enjoyment is palpable.
5:11 "Fight for Democracy, and you too can become a Super Citizen!"
The bit about the word politiki inevitably reminds me of the Discworld books, and Carrot's study of the origin of the word policeman. "Man of the city" is how he translates it. He points to its relationship with the word "polite," saying that word used to refer to the proper behavior for a person in a city. Then, Lord Vetinari (who does use the word Tyrant to describe himself) asked Carrot to consider the origin of the term, politician.
interesting especially because the root of polis makes even more sense--even having the same sound, police and polis--in pointing to what a policeman is and should be, and a politician too, as a servant/man of the state (the polis) as a body or government, and a servant/man of the city (in terms of civic and social matters) thus being either and enforcer or a paragon and resource. which fits even better with polite, itself an interesting idea. thanks, this is a fascinating concept/revelation!
@@kaamn1829 read the Discworld books! Pratchett's work is full of stuff like that.
Not sure it's the right niche but if anyone's interested in hardcore Classical Hellenic warfare I strongly recommend Schwerpunkt's relative playlist
I feel like the majority of the confusion about Greek Warfare comes from many of their battles having relatively low casualties. However this can be explained by the predominance of heavy infantry VS heavy infantry combat, and lack of cavalry, leading to many battles going a bit like the sporting thing you mention but definitely being real battles, but when one side broke and retreated, the pursuing army was not able to exploit that and chase them down.
Olympic truce. I'm reminded of coyote and sheep-dog abruptly stopping coyote's-being-thumped when the lunch hour whistle blew.
Isn't it amazing when the cosmos align for OSP's posting schedule to align with the ides of march
Alexander the Nepobaby being dunked on by Blue never gets old, even in passing mention.
Calling a hereditary monarch a nepobaby is redundant to the maximum.
@@Popepaladin fair 😆 but sometimes we need reminded that the two are synonymous
OSP made me realize that the end of the Bronze Age would be similar to losing silicon in this era. Everything had a miniature CPU in it from your remote to your car. Losing silicon would mean reverting to house sized computers with future generations looking at 2024 as a lost era of marvelous technologies until we can figure out a new super material that is equivalent (or even better) and then people will look at our era and wonder why we didn’t just use their material to begin with? (Like iron replacing bronze)
That's ... quite the indictment of how badly OSP has done your education.
They didn't drop from the Bronze Age to a new stone age until they discovered iron. They discovered iron, and then the Bronze Age collapsed.
It's more like if the majority of international trade and communication stopped. We'd run out of lithium to make our most common type of battery, but we still have other types of batteries. We wouldn't have pineapples and bananas in any meaningful numbers anywhere except for the tropics, but most places too cold for pineapples and bananas still have their own fruit, like blueberries and cranberries. Everything seems more insular, but only because of how big the international trade was beforehand.
I heard a different etymology for "politics:" that it comes from the Greek "poly-", meaning "many," and the English "ticks," meaning "blood-sucking arachnids."
The fact that this episode is not a History Maker on Ceasar or Brutus is a missed opportunity
Wat
@@OutofcontexthandleI assume this is a joke about the Ides of March, which supposedly happened on the 15th of March
there is a new opportunity next year, there is still hope
History Maker is about the people who wrote down things that happened.
@3:46 This is unrelated to the video, but I just wanted to appreciate the fact that those statues of Ares and Athena, complete with textured flowing robes and hair, were carved out of marble
speaking of cities how about a video on the oldest cities in the world like jericho (11,000 years old)
That's a very Jewish Torah / Old Testament view. Modern archelogy has demonstrated there are places in Anatolia that are a fair bit older.
@@Dave_Sissonnope Jericho is confirmed to be older then or at least as old as Catal Huyuk.
Man I missed Greek-history-nerd-Blue, but he's back and nature is healing
woah
thats hella(s) cool
It's funny how Greek and Italian history mingled together. Both started out as a collection of city states with one of each starting their own form of popular government. Then they coelesced into a continental empire, spreading their culture and influence from Central Asia to North Africa, then they broke apart into city states again and were eventually conquered by foreign powers before uniting under ethno-nationalism.
Omg new videos from Yall always get me even more excited about writing my stories. I've got an original fantasy series in the works, and while the land of Jiaal is called an Empire it started as little city states that built up around shrines and holy places, and the Empire is bound together by language, faith, and the temple system keeping the stellar calendar straight for argicultural needs. Beyond that, every city in the Empire has its own laws, customs, political intrigues, struggles with the local fauna or geography, and founding myths that build up into each Temple City's Character.
Bonus points, the pantheon the people of Jiaal worship are all family in the mythos. Sun and Void are Father and Mother, and then their daughters are the Earthly Goddesses who tame the world for mortal life to flourish.
Every time I learn more about not just world cultures but ancient cultures, I feel like I have a dozen new ideas XD
After those end credits, petition for the next April fools video to be Blue delivering a History Summarised in the voice of the dad from My Big Fat Greek Wedding
Blue pausing to inhale deeply before that line about the helmets at the end made the line THAT much more hilarious. XD
Blue, I think you should have mentioned geography more as a reason to why the polis system came into being since that's just as important.. I did a research paper back in college in 08 exploring how geography influenced the history over all for a social science class. Pretty fascinating stuff with a deep dive.
Jared Diamond enjoyer, huh?
i don't recall even knowing that name back then so i'm afraid that's a no to the question.
@@lady_sir_knight3713 Diamond did not invent the idea of geography shaping societies.
Love you folks so much! Every upload is a treat!
Respect for nailing the Greek grammar cases, from Greece
Thank you for releasing this. I am currently going on many tangents on ancient Greece due to a project for my historical fiction class and I keep finding myself wishing that I knew more about ancient Greece.
yay! More blue goodness🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤❤
Rolling, rolling, rolling, keep those Hoplites rolling, armor keeps them strolling, Bronze hide. (friend of mine from college came up with that. Sung to a theme from a western TV show)
Blue: *talking passionately about Ancient Greece*
Me at 8:49 : Is that a winged dolphin?
All jokes aside, great video! 5he Delphi section, in particular brought me back to middle school, where at the start of the Ancient Greece section we were seated at tables that represented a Greek polis. I got Delphi, and it was neat learning more about it (my teacher only explained that it was wher the oracle was).
we did something similar in 9th grade, but each different homeroom class was a polis, and we would compete not only on grades for pizza on the end of the semester, but also we had a whole Intramural competition. I was an Arcadean
I always love when you guys post Greek content. Keep up the good work all.
Just got back from my first ever trip to Greece, this channel is a massive part of the reason I went. The Parthenon was so beautiful in person! Thanks Red and Blue!
Kind of akward but important : 7:00 the Pindar quote says that "Law (not culture) is king of all".
I know that it is like that everywhere online, but don't know why.
Νόμος = Law
Καλλιεργεια/Παιδεια = Culture
I found culture an odd rendering, but a primary meaning of νομος is custom, which is more specific than culture but less specific than law. Sometimes nomos means specifically a law or rule, sometimes it means something looser (a custome).
Checking the intermediate Liddell and Scott Greek-English lexicon even use Pindar's phrase as an example and renders it "custom is lord of all"
@@allanolley4874 this is because there is not an ancient greek word for "culture" thus it is impossible for it to be the primary meaning. Loeb classics has the original reference (Νόμος) and translates it to Law and alternatively gives the "custom" word as well. Custom in greek is Έθιμο which resembles "tradition" and not "culture". The difference is big because culture can be modern , while tradition (έθιμο) is something passed from generation to generation. However in modern and ancient greek, the word "Νομος" was used mainly as "Law" and is born through the verb :
νέμομαι (δικαιούμαι=entitled, justified to) which has the noun :
νόμος (δικαίωμα/δίκαιο= justice, right, law).
When translating it is quite common to distort the meaning, thus multiple translations can alter the meaning a lot. We never used the word culture as "νόμος" . Ancient greeks maybe used the "εθιμο" word with its (back then) important meaning in the sense that righteous/lawful is what is passed on from generation to generation. That meaning changed with the formation of democracy, councils etc. where righteous started to become what derived from councils and courts.
@@allanolley4874 another shorter description of what I'm trying to show is that : Έθιμο (custom) in greek has the meaning of Unwritten Law (άγραφος νόμος). It is something being done so many times that becomes a thing we also have to keep doing. With democratic institutions this unwritten law became "officialy" the law we know of today. All this is clear that has nothing to do with the word culture and the reference on spectacles and sports that Blue made , which imo should be noted in the video as a correction somehow.
Another absolute banger of an episode from Blue!
I hope OSP won't mind me recommending a blog that complements this video: A Collection of Unmitigated Pedantry, the series of "How to Polis" posts. More detail about how Greek cities were formed, economy, governance. (But alas not sports.)
Every time you deep dive into Greek History I'm so excited & fascinated. The content itself is so interesting & cool, & when it's enthusiastically presented by someone passionate about history, it really comes to life. Thanks for being you, Blue, from a fellow history nerd.
So nice to see you again !
I am dying for Blue to cover some ancient Persian stuff again! Come on Blue cross over across the Zagros mountains and give us some awesome ancient world content from the ancient rivals!
"Military history is kinda boring anyway" - Blue. !!BLASPHEMY!!
I know!
Someone get Kings and Generals on the phone IMMEDIATELY!
HE SPEAKS THE HOLY TRUTH
Unfortunately the most interesting and relevant part of every war is all the stuff that isn’t the actual fighting
Dude threw down the gauntlet for all the kids who think history is knowing ww2 airplanes.
One day they will close HOI4 and rise to the challenge. Just not today.
So much to learn from Greece's history it's complicated but also useful in understanding about modern society works
the first video in a 2 hour long Complete History of Greece
Was not expecting the shout out to Kagan’s Men of Bronze. I have a first edition of that book that I got when I was an undergraduate writing an essay on the differences between Classical hoplite and Hellenistic phalanx warfare. Really took me back, thanks
Every time you peeps post it makes me smile
This channel helped me post the Western Civilization 1 Clep. Thank you,
Just came back from visiting Crete and Athens. All I want to say is thank you for making your videos. Since high school you and red were able to capture naturally my curiosity in literature and history.
Thanks for the video
Thanks for posting this an hour before my art history class
Loved this
Woohoo! Another video to download the transcript and use for notes for my ancient history class!
Breathtaking
I’m taking my first trip to Greece in a couple weeks so I’m taking this post as a good omen ✨
You guys should do a video on the mozarabi their story is a cool period of iberian history that you guys could lay out beautifully
Omg the MBFGW reference at the end got me so good
Blue posting today is super apt lmao! Happy Ides of March!
Really interesting!
I saw this video earlier on and was wondering why Blue uploaded his video an hour early and than remembered that the US clocks go forward two weeks ahead of the UK. Cool vid as always, and the paintings and vases never fail to show that the Games were performed au natural.
A great history lesson!
Polis (which is plural in modern Greek but singular in Ancient Greek) still existed after 500BC all the way to the unification under Macedonia, and even after that to a lesser degree. The big difference was that now there were alliances, spheres of influence and traditional rivalries, along with a much stronger feeling of being part of one nation.
"Politics, in ancient Greece, is an art of performance and competition."
So it's just like nowadays, except that now, no politician ever gets anything done.
They do get things done, there isn't a country in the world that doesn't change the law code in some shape or form within one year. Now, state, government and politicians being impotent in regards to affecting the lives of the citizen and all living inside it's borders in civil or criminal matters is a different matter all together.
@@artofthepossible7329 , "go slow" has been a phrase used since segregation days in America, though. For reference, eh, I'm Canadian, and HOLY HELL did the Indigenous Nations have trouble up here up until...oh, about 1997. Were you alive in '97? I was. That's when the last residential "school" in Canada closed. As in residential concentration camp. See, the government can get a lot of BASD stuff done and dusted very easily, and while I'm not Indigenous, I AM multiply-disabled, and do you think I can get easily-accessible transportation, or shelves I can reach, or navigable sidewalks, or fill out MY OWN DAMN BALLOT, or get my voice heard on literally any issue? I mean, ahem, we're "only" 20% of Canada's population and rising, after all. This sh*t is why I'm on the radical Left.
been a while sense I have last seen a blue video, feels good to watch some of these :)
This is such a good video oh my god
Aphaia!!! 45 min on a whirlwind school trip to Greece but that temple changed my life and I go feral to see it even just mentioned.
All of you people are beautiful and wonderful and you're all a testimate to the peak of awesomeness on this channel. Thank you for bringing your videos to the world.
My goodness, so much to feel proud for, as a Greek I'd give anything to travel back in time and attest myself how this society and this collective ancient hellenic civilazation functioned. Especially in times of peace, lol.
I LOVE the closing humorous note, Gus Portokalos for the win
The one thing that keeps me going through the week is knowing there will be a new ops video every Friday at noon
I just rewatched all of your vids about the ancient greek cites, Persian and roman republic! LOL
Oh I can recognize Odyssey's Sacred Land of Artemis anywhere, excellent choice!
Going to Greece in eight days, yes binging OSP is how I’m pumping myself up for a terrible set of flights to get there
Oooo This is Great 👍
Thank u Blue very cool 😎
Can you cover the fountain of youth next, please?🙏🙏🙏
Blue! You're the Best! Thanks For this 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷
It also makes a lot of sense why the chief god of the Polis and classical ages was Zeus. On top of being a god of storms and lightning, Zeus was a good of hospitality, enforcing rules of not killing strangers on sight. This odd situation of having lots of loosely associated cities who might have all sorts of reasons to kill each other but won’t except for highly specific circumstances because they share a language, culture, and gods. The whole hospitality thing served to preserve that idea of collective individualism. Each polis was unique, but each one had a clear set of responsibilities to each other that kept them competing with but not outright destroying each other.
The book “Soldiers and Ghosts” by JE Lendon is this video but long form
Oh HECK yeah more ancient greek content WOOOOO
Oh Blue, none of us expect you to ever limit yourself to one question.
I was a bit suprised by this video since we're not in daylight savings time yet where I live. A very welcome suprise.
You should make a video about Cameroon
New Blu vid.
Doing me a LEARN today.
Clear my schedule, OSP uploaded again!
7:03 NOMOS MEANS LAW
yayyyy! blue’s here to explain that once-new policy-polis time! 🎉
I wish I could remember half the stuff I learned in these videos. Still fun to watch though.
I am not ashamed to say the helmets and the hoplites in general are a big reason I was drawn to Greek history that and the pantheon of gods
Been a sleepy day off. Need some osp blue to get my brain going
Now I'm curious about the city states on the foot of Caucasus. How different were day from mainland Greece/Anatolia? How similar were they? What did they borrow and what did they reject?