How Mazda Is Eliminating Turbo Lag
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- Опубликовано: 5 май 2018
- How Mazda's Dynamic Pressure Turbo Works - Mazda CX-9
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The Mazda CX-9 is powered by a 2.5L inline four-cylinder turbocharged engine producing 250 HP and 310 lb-ft of torque. And while turbo-lag is acceptable for many, Mazda was determined to minimize its effects. The SkyActiv engine uses a technology they’re calling “Dynamic Pressure Turbo” which uses a 4-3-1 exhaust and a set of valves that change exhaust airflow depending on the RPM.
Along with a short exhaust manifold, valves to increase exhaust velocity, and a 4-3-1 exhaust, they aim to minimize turbo-lag while simultaneously maximizing performance and efficiency. The 4-3-1 exhaust is critical for exhaust scavenging, creating the “ejector effect” and helping pull out remaining exhaust gases from the previous firing cylinder. Check out the video for full details about how this engine works!
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If you enjoyed this, here are how a few other companies are addressing turbo lag:
How Audi Is Eliminating Turbo Lag - ruclips.net/video/k8-_UrfbRBA/видео.html
How Volvo Is Eliminating Turbo Lag - ruclips.net/video/Sr5mksh68A4/видео.html
Turbo Lag vs Boost Threshold - ruclips.net/video/cKvOEZ7JCJc/видео.html
What Is Turbo Lag - ruclips.net/video/c_IFh_6bpUo/видео.html
Thanks for watching everyone!! :)
Engineering Explained can you do one on the volvo supercharger turbo setup? That would be interesting
Fantastic video Jason! When are you reviewing the '18 Mazda6 with the 2.5t?
According to your title, Mazda is 'eliminating' turbo lag, so why is your first statement in the video about how Mazda is 'minimizing' turbo lag? Seems to me that you could employ the same technology to eliminate click-bait!
I started to count the number of times you pause to swallow your saliva. It's irritating.
It's not an enthusiast car engine, it's a SUV engine. Thanks America!
I have a natural curiosity for how things work and this dude fulfills that curiosity! Love this channel, probably one of the best on RUclips!
So very kind, thank you for watching!! Happy to hear you enjoy it. :)
Poor guy @ Mazda presentation - "stand here and hold this cylinder head for an hour while I talk." Lololol
IdealSound & Performance : Mobile damn and struggled to carry an old printer from one building to the next.
Maybe he's helping demonstrate how light it is? 🤣
Erik Tomlinson thats how they punish you in japan for not cleaning the fridge in the office on fridays.
Erik, even so I'm sure it's still not light. Even if it was like the lightest DOHC head and say, 30lbs, would you wanna stand there with it in your arms for that long? Go grab any OHC cylinder head and try it. Lol. Marc is probably right
He doesn't look happy about it.
Great analysis and kudos to Mazda. Hopefully this motor will help them bring out a Mazdaspeed 3 AWD.
That would be sweet! Their styling is exceptional, would love a hot hatch out of them.
giorx5 I have a 07 Speed3 and I don't know but I really love how impressive the turbo builds up pressure. Wouldn't be more fun without the Turbohole.
giorx5 Mazda confirms they are no longer building mazdaspeed. They go by the consumers. If 1 out of 100 is the only one buying Mazdaspeed, then it is not worth it.
Ebal It hurt my heart when they confirmed that 😢
Jeremy Smith I'm happy to hear that 😃
Mazda has the finest engine designers in the industry. For a relatively small company they make the largest ones look foolish.
Rafael Lastra com wtf are you talking about Mazda is one of the big ones
In 2016 Mazda sold 1.2 Million vehicles, in 2017 Toyota sold 10.5 Million vehicles. Like I said, for a ¨relatively¨ small company they make the largest ones look foolish.
Carl McDonald they are small compared to Toyota. I'm glad they try really hard to improve. Subcompacts here in my country like the Toyota vios is trash compared to the Mazda 2.
Denver Cayle Ong they are the third largest Japanese car manufacturer how is that small
Rafael Lastra com Much of this technology isn't from Mazda, it was developed by larger companies and gets branded by companies like Mazda. And if the larger companies are foolish, why are they selling nearly 9x as many cars and making more money?
Not seeing any "PUT IT IN A MIATA" comments. I'm disappointed.
So... PUT IT IN A MIATA
EmmaCross94 - if I had seen this fifteen minutes ago, you would find my "I should put this in my NC Miata" comment.
I was looking for this comment!!
They better!
Put it in an MX5
Will it fit well into an ND miata? Sounds great.
Thank you for giving Mazda visibility for their engineering efforts. They are a small fish surrounded by big fish (Volkswagen, Toyota, Renault-Nissan and Hyundai). They spend their R&D dollars wisely. I am looking forward to the AWD Mazda 6 2.5L Turbo which may be released in 2019. You have a innate talent to provide simple and rational explanations for those with limited engineering background. Kudos to you!
Glad you enjoyed it! :)
Dang Mazda is killing it! Great summary, Jason
I have to admit - I learn something new every time I watch one of these videos. Thanks for sharing - great job!
This channel combines my love for cars and engineering. Excellent work as usual.
This was a very interesting video! I've been watching your stuff for a couple years now, and your uploads are always informative. But Mazda in particular has been using some of the most unique and novel engineering tricks in their new engine designs. Thanks for covering them, and keep up the good work!
The exhaust valve is a thing you can do at home!
1: Get a twin scroll turbo
2: Attach it to a single scroll manifold
3: Unbolt it because you forgot to install your... Quick Spool Valve! between them
It operates as seen here and typically improves spool by 15-25%. I mean it basically halves your AR ratio until you are on boost...
I think they are about $300US and are usually made to suit T3 and T4 Garrett, but I have seen a Borg Warner item, and one in a modified turbo that still used a twin scroll manifold as well...
I would personally use one, but my 4 litre engine doesn't really have spool trouble until I get something larger than a GT3582R, and I'm nowhere near the 500rwhp that puppy can support
You're the man Jason! Thank you for making these videos!
Great content buddy. Your videos are always awesome parts of my work day
Very nicely done Mazda, they've used all good tricks to work it out. Thanks for the update man.
Excellent explaining and thankyou for the breakdown 👍
Very interesting, you make it sound so simple, thanks for sharing.
Just wanted to say thank you you're very technical & knowledgeable & I enjoy your videos. I'm not quite that technical the way you get down on some of your videos but I still dig it! Technology Whoever thought we would see shit like this.?.? think about the old turbo Grand National l, the way we use turbo so efficient & effective nowadays... I have a 2017 Honda Civic hatchback cvt just the ECU reflash hondata 6psi+ & get 35+MPG in the city! & it keeps up with cars that had 300hp +or- 20 years ago & doubles the gas mileage lol
too bad mazda refuses to get into the hot hatch game...their cutting edge engineering and commitment to handling would have produced a great alternative to what's out there by bringing an eco friendly, powerful, innovative turbo hatch with great inside tech and strong handling....instead they are ok with being middle of the eco box pack.
David Santiago. They are "stuck with" surviving as the only full range independant manufacturer in the world with an entirely in house engineered line up.
A hot hatch cant pay the bills, neither can a new rotary sports car. Would you rather have Mazda go the way of Mitsubishi? Producing a world beating super sedan that they make no profit from while the rest of the line consists of sub prime lease specials? Including the sedan the evo is based on btw.
Mazda 3 MPS was one of their best decisions made
AJ. That was a car whos developement cost was shared between Ford Mazda and Volvo. And how can it be the be their best decision if for all you know they lost money on each one of them?
DrewLSsix if you actually read who I replied to, my comment would make more sense to you
Lucas. Agreed.... curently wishing I could buy a 1G wagon in my area. Leather V6 manual and clean!
Thanks for explaining this. I love your channel. 👍
One of few videos I fully understand. Loved it. This is why I drive a Mazda! Now if they’d just make a pickup truck... I say that because 1. i believe it would look fantastic, 2. It would be midsized and maybe even a little smaller, allowing for customers who want smaller trucks to have an option, and 3. It would offer decent performance and great fuel economy in a pickup truck that looks great and is well made. It probably won’t happen, but I can always hope.
Great video as always! I had to check and make sure it was in 1x speed haha
I was washing my car the other day and holding my finger over part the end of the hose to have higher water pressure come out. I always wondered if something similar would work for exhaust to a turbo. This is really cool!
Great vid!
I've learned something new today
Thanks for that.
Great video!
I just bought a 2024 Mazda CX 5 Sport Turbo because of this video. I chose the Mazda over the VW Atlas Cross Sport and I love the Mazda and I'm very pleased with my decision
Jesus Christ, Mazda. Slow down, my gearhead erection can only support so much blood pressure.
Enjoy your video very much. I am an engineer at heart. Thanks for posting
just picked up a new 2018 CX9 a few months ago, great car. It's really torqy especially off the line. However it seems like it has less torque in sport mode. I would think best performance would be sport mode WOT. However it feels the fastest when not in sport mode had half throttle. By the way thank you Kevin, you are a great educator, a true automotive professor :)
I love your vids brother!!! Tryin to get my 11 year to start watchin too.
Thanks!!
Love this channel❤
Ooh wow, a quickspool valve. Haven't seen that used for almost 10 years now. Soooo innovative.
I greatly appreciate the video. Especially the graphical representation. I was wondering if you could do a video on the EFR system on Mazda’s 2.5 turbo engine? I wanted to know if the EGR system took the place of a PVC system in a naturally aspirated engine?
I also wanted to know if this would be the ideal place to install a catch can?
For the exhaust manifold, the word you are looking for to describe the flow is the 'Venturi' effect. Its the way industrial exhaust gas air cleaner aspirators work and how carburettors work.
Very nice design! With all the exhaust equally scavenged, I bet it runs very smoothly, too!
Still learning and enjoying @ the same time! Thanks Jason! Could you maybe explain in a video why VGT/VNT's aren't used in gasoline engines? I read it had something to do with the dynamic pressure range of the exhaust gasses, but I couldn't fully grasp it.
Very smart young men * Thank you we can learned a lots.
Very nice!
Jason,
As always, thank you for the well-explained presentation. Personally, I find the 4-3-1 header design to be the most interesting, and I am wondering how this compares to the traditional 4-into-1 and 4-2-1 headers. Did Mazda present any sort explanation regarding this topic?
Would it be possible for you to look into this a bit further, and possibly present your findings in a future video?
Good job explaining it and thank you, can youExplain the anti lag turbo. ( back firing) why they do this?
Hey, long time fan. I love all your videos. Just curious, is Ejector Effect automotive lingo for the Venturi Effect. Sounds like the same principle to me. I’ve never taken automotive training but I love cars and bikes and I love working on them. Thanks.
I like it. Simple but very effective.
THANK YOU KEEP GOING.
Hi Jason, love the videos!, Will you please do a video about launch control? What exactly is the car doing and is it harmful? Will it void the warranty if its done too much? What would be considered “too much”?
Awesome summary video. Dude, you should be a professor! And Mazda engineers are very sophisticated for a relatively modest brand.
This engine is also in the 2018 Mazda 6.
Great informative video.
Could you maybe explain how Mazda uses exhaust gasses to cool the cylinders, where other companies use injected fuel?
Damn, so rad. Where did you get that Mazda video of the dudes presenting it? I want to see that demonstration
Hi Jason.. Another fantastic video explaining turbocharger lag elimination. I know that you favor turbochargers for efficiency. I remember reading or watching about an engine where they use a hybrid super and turbo. The supercharger would use the battery (not engine or through alternator) to spool up and then shift over to turbo mode for efficiency with almost no lag. Im not sure which company made this engine, I may have seen it on Top Gear.. This would be the ideal answer I feel. What do u think about it? Do u by chance know of this engine? Given that modern batteries hold far more charge and can be recharged faster, would this be more efficient? Or would the extra weight, plumbing, and complexity make it less practical? Your thoughts please. Love the channel, content, and presentation. Keep up the good work! These videos are heavenly and delightful :-)
Mazda is very underrated, Mazda has some of the best driving vehicles for the money, well made interiors, good reliability, and are very efficient. Thanks for this informative video!
That exhaust manifold configuration (Tri-Y configuration) has been going to aftermarket scene for over 15 years. Can't believe that they have only been putting as an oem configuration just now lol.
Somewhat reminds me of my airflow analysis class project. I tried using bernoulli's principle by placing a double sided wing inside of an intake port.
Slight increase in velocity and decrease in airflow... only if I had of what they did...lol
Question: So when are you moving to the Mazda building in Irvine, CA? Another great episode.
I suppose this is similar to a variable-geometry turbo but offloading the job to the manifold instead. Interesting design. Thanks for the video. :)
Please do a Desmodromic valve video. Thanks for your work BTW!
this is what I love about mazda, they're keeping the spirit of petrol engines by innovating and making it more efficient and not creating some HYBRID CAR or EV
Great to see Mazda push forward on this front - my CX-3 is (albeit non-turbo) a wonderful little car !
Well said.
The butterfly valve in the exhaust manifold between the head and the turbo is good engineering. Certainly appears to be a simple way to help reduce turbo lag. I will give Mazda credit for that idea as I've not seen it done before in any other turbo engines. However, exhaust scavenging is not a new idea, motorcycles have been using the idea for about 40 years, 4-into-2-into-1 exhaust designs have been around. As a matter of fact, the premise behind tubular headers (like what is in our S2000) is to reduce back pressure, and increase exhaust flow by helping adjacent cylinders extract exhaust gasses. So, I can't give much credit to Mazda for coming up with that idea.
S2kDude36 .. you're right. What I'd be concerned about are the longevity of that valve. With all the heat cycling, would that valve sieze up over time? Neat idea though.
wow .. this is just great
I'm considering installing the Cork Sport intercooler and piping kit for less intercooler pressure drop and better air flow with the improved piping. Expensive but seems worth it for this very high quality SUV (CX 5 GT Reserve 2.5 L. turbo, AWD).
Besides, I used to own a '95 RX -7 FD twin turbo rotary and it hooked me on power.
Have noticed in my MAZDA CX 5 GT Reserve 2.5 L Turbo that is has very little turbo lag. Very interesting. Along with their EGR cooling MAZDA has really improved small turbo engine efficiency.
Now I've installeda CorkSport oil catch can for the PCV system to reduce fouling on my intake valves and ports. Maybe MAZDA will give us BOTH port and direct injection to cure that problem. (OR a highly efficient all electric CX5??)
Also my Cork Sport turbo down pipe is MUCH stiffer (5 fabric reinforcing layers) than the OEM down pipe (1 fabric layer) so I get better throttle response. Didn't really expect it but I got it! Plus the CS pipe is highly siloconized rubber that will withstand 'Vegas hot summers better than the plan rubber OEM pipe.
Finally, adding 1/3 tank of 100 octane gas to 10 gallons of 91 octane gas makes a BIG acceleration difference!
regarding the second part, enhancing scavenging, i wonder if they investigated arranging the three ports, or all four ports, in a circular fashion, as opposed to flat. great explanation!
Could you do a video on the pros and cons of floating gears. Recently obtained my CDL, which, since heavy truck transmissions require a demonstration of double clutching, while most truck drivers float instead, I'm curious about the effects of component wear.
Nice explanetion
This is crazy!
Seeing all these advancements from Mazda, it really proves all the people calling Mazda an innovative company right.
Great vid
Vauxhall Zafira had turbo attached to manifold and worked great, driving up a steep hill at 50mph in 4th gear with plenty of power still available, this combined with light weight made GSI and VXR models fantastic to drive. the exhaust turbo valve is very similar to the servo controlled power valve idea used on the Yamaha FZS1000 bike I recall (although no turbo on the bike).. these were notorious for sticking, usually open reducing low end torque and increasing noise at low revs.. the Yamahas had a genius fault code system with rev counter I recall. Sticking of this on Mazda would cause turbo overboost and fuel cut off? the idea with the exhaudt manifold..was this also stolen from motorcycle design?
I've watched a bunch of your videos. Any chance you could make one explaining the design and implementation of Helmholtz resonators in a custom/peformance exhaust system?
Jason can you make a video about magnetic oil filters and whether they are worth the money.
We need to clear some things up with the exhaust to the turbo.
Having a very small area in the exhaust to the turbo is not a good idea and having high pressure in there is not what you want either.
Once the exhaust pressure is above the inlet boost pressure you have a turbo and engine that is becoming very inefficient.
Keeping the exhaust large and not too long, but dropping the pressure in the exhaust is helping pumping losses in the exhaust stroke of the engine a lot, the other thing is the overlap on the cam still allows for scavenging to happen with a lower exhaust pressure.
Ideally what you want is a larger enough exhaust to keep the pressure below boost pressure where proper exhaust scavenging can still occur, but when it goes across the turbo, you get a pressure spike at the turbo, then a huge delta to the dump pipe which then helps turbine spool efficiency.
If your exhaust (pre turbo) is higher than boost pressure you have an engine that is very inefficient, a too smaller turbo can also do this, especially where guys chase boost response but end up choking the engine and causing big heat problems and efficiency goes down big time along with power.
And all these technologies have been around since the 90's. One of the major differences is manufactures are using smaller turbochargers to get an earlier boost threshold.
I like short focus videos .... Thanks
How does gearing (the gears in the transmission) effect your acceleration times?
Wow. Mazda is really going full gear here, thanks for all the tech updates! I gotta say though, they're spending all this on engines, how are their transmissions doing?
Nolen Purvis. They have their skyactiv 6 speed that was developed recently, designed for efficency along with typical mazda shifting feel.
Their auto has some interesting designs to compete with the automated manuals of other manufacturers without the cost and drivability issues. Cool stuff.
Nolen Purvis mine has some weird programming quirks. Some shifts are absolute perfection, others feel like a 17 year old is learning to use the clutch. Going to see if there is an upgrade
In my experience their skyactive automatic transmission is very good. Not far off from the ZF8HP. It could use an extra gear though
I have a mazda 6, gotta say the transmission is super smart, especially at corners.
emark24 first gear isn't smooth when you force it to go while you just put it in drive. Other than, that it's perfect.
Awesome technology efficiency is a Bestway per dollar to get the most out of an engine!
I love Mazda's approach. Simple integral mechanical designs. If they just put it in a package that makes maint and repair easy then it would be hard to find complaint. Pretty nice specs for a 4 banger, though it doesn't approach some of the daily drivable K20Z1s I've seen.
May I ask if I get a 4-3-1 exhaust manifold for my 1.5 Honda Jazz, can I get the same effect in the video; reducing cylinder temperate, hence improve engine performance?
Engines are so fascinating
Now.... Mazda needs to apply this to a dedicated performance platform. Give us Mazda guys what we really want!
Well done. Great explanation for quiet a complex system. I love EV’s, but in a way the ICE is developing such exciting systems, pity it will all die. Just like steam engines, type writers, photostat machines etc.
It might take 30-40 years, but eventually it will be gone.
Jason, do you a have any video for the firing order? It seems like they had to merge 2nd and 3rd exhaust because of the firing sequence. An order of 1,2,3,4 would still have the adjacent exhaust and meet the suction effect goal and would not need any exhaust to be merged. So what is the deal about the firing order? Does it have any advantages?
I like how Mazda's solutions to potentially very expensive problems are not truly that expensive at all.
You could also say something about disadvantages or maybe risk if something would break
What controls that gate valve in the exhaust manifold? Is it easy to access and fix if it malfunctions?
Enjoyed your Mazda explanation. Could you do one on the new RDX 2.0 that puts out 272 hp? Seems like a lot of hp for a 2 liter. thanks
Do this for the new Nissan Variable Compression Engine....although I kind of already know how it works. I just like your explanations better
With the troubles egr valves bring, will this have the same problem?
I came up with an idea to eliminate lag even better. The turbo charger is just a normar turbo but with a twist. Its got a belt running it, UNTIL it wants to move faster than when driven by a belt. Between the belt and the turbo is a mechanism that allows the engine to spin the turbo but allows the turbo always move faster of needed
So the issue with that is, The amount of stress that "mechanism" needs is ridiculous. Turbos spin on excess of 100,000rpm. To have something that can control power flow from 2 sources of force that could also withstand those stresses would require enormous R&D and most likely exotic materials.
A much more cost effective solution that does the same thing is to twincharge it.
Could this be adapted to a V6 with a dual-volute turbo? I’m picturing a turbo mounted tight on one exhaust manifold and to one volute for quick spooling and low rpm while the other exhaust manifold bypasses the muffler, then at higher loads the bypass directs the opposite sides exhaust to the second volute for full boost? This way can be added like an older J series or something as an aftermarket with a tuning option to control that butterfly valve and when it will bring on the extra boost. The advantage I see over this manifold design is when you’re not under heavy loads you’re also only putting half the heat through the turbo and the moving parts don’t have to be built into the manifold which would make maintenance cheaper if the valve fails.
Edit: I have also thought of another possible benefit. After the turbo pulls the energy out of the exhaust gas it is slowed down. If you route the bypass that controls the flow to the “second stage” to the exhaust end if the turbo, this can act to entrain that slowed exhaust. And when you put your foot down and call for that additional flow to the turbo the bypass diverts too the turbo. Boost comes up, but now you can also throttle that bypass to both maintain boost and entrain turbo exhaust for higher exhaust flow and higher efficiency.
Shorter exhaust is not to keep the heat. Shorter exhaust has smaller volume to be filled in with air, so with less power strokes it can faster build pressure between the head and turbo in order to start spinning turbo earlier. Shortening time to pump enough air is shortening lag time. Plus narrow canal speeds up air flow.
Also; we are having problems with EGR valves in intake clogging up with carbon. You can imagine how long this valve in exhaust will work properly before it just jams and you have to take it of for cleaning/exchange.
The exhaust valve sounds like a typical Variable Intake system that's been around since the 80s on a a lot of cars, adapted to the exhaust system upstream of the turbo with the purpose of expanding the effective working range of the turbocharger.
I think you meant Venturi effect rather than "ejector effect." Nice to see how Mazda make use of this relatively simple physics.
Venturi effect is slightly different. You can google ejector effect if you’d like more info. :)
I like your choice of word: scavanging
nice, in my opinion is far better than electric booster, something you didnt explain is how the low pressure exhoust gas that remain in the admision stage escape in conjuction with the other piston exhaust, is just the same escape valve? and how about timing to prevent the new air/fuel mix didnt escape?
1. In this case I think the real purpose of using advance exhaust manifold design instead of pay much for using twin-scroll turbo.
2. According to 1. to use 4-3-1 setup instead of 4-2-1 (like 8AR-FTS which equipped with twin-scroll turbo) setup to prior the exhaust pressure by reducing the size of pipe.
I understand the variable assymetry on the turbo side however I'm not sure about the scavenging effect of placing ports like that. How does high pressure on exhaust side of 1 make scavenging easier for 2? Shouldn't you have low pressure on exhaust of 2 to pull gasses from the high pressure on intake? I believe the ports are places like that to take into utilization of the exhaust pulses to efficiently use exhaust energy. Look up scroll separation effect on twin scrolls.
Butterfly valves in the exhaust stream. Sounds reliable ;)
Lots of diesel engines use butterfly valves in the exhaust stream (can be used for engine braking). Gasoline engines do it as well, but usually it's for sound purposes.
Nice. Please weld two of these together (in a V, thanks). If that's not Mazda's style (and it isn't), please give us a 3-rotor turbo rx7. The same chassis from '95 would work just fine.