Being Polish and having played League of Legends in Czech, I strongly believe that mutual intelligibility is by far the best feature of Slavic languages.
@@Aeg0r honestly if you're educated in medieval literature, you will understand Polish if you're Russian and vice versa 10x easier. Every time i play CSGO and have Russians in my team I can piece things together really quickly.
Yeah I'm Polish, I went to Czech on holiday and we spoke Polish and everyone understood us. We mostly understood Czech but a few words were different. Everyone understood one another. xd
for example I understand most of polish, but I know many people that dont understand shit in polish. It changes throuout regions and also education I guess xd
@@jedowampo5431 "we DON'T need NO education" these phrases are super confusing for me in English, I always have to think about that like 5 minutes, also even in Czech langauge, it's better to not use double negative if you can avoid that which you mostly can, sentence will be much more clear then.
@@algirdasltu1389 That's one of the first things which English teacher says to you in school - you can't use double negative in English, but from what I see in texts even from native speakers, it's not really true.
Поздрав за всичси славянски братя и сестри .От Бълария.Зажалост виждам тук много хора които са изкарват повече словяни от други .Не трябва така трябва да сме едно .Въпреки различията .Да си имаме уважението едни на други .❤Ви всички .
@@Stariy_PiratЕ нормално е това Брате с други думи имаме езикът и азбуката а те се променят.Под влиянието на други .Пък и може би защото найстина първите Българи са Скити .Но след създаването на модерната Българска нация от 9 век между Българи и Славяни имаме различия от чистите славяни но мисля че за 11. Века може да се каже о и аз лично се смятам за Славянин пък и всеки език има чуждици .Тоест чужди думи .!Поздрав ❤ог България
Hi, thank you for the video. I'm Czech, I was born in Czechoslovakia and I have to say Czech and Slovak languages were never considered the same language. They were (and still are) considered "mutually intelligible" but definitely not the same. It was that way because everyone was exposed to both Czech and Slovak on a daily basis, mainly on TV, in books etc. so people generally understood the other language but they generally couldn't actively speak it without mistakes, they would instead often come up with made-up words or phrases that would only "sound Slovak" to them but that were not truly Slovak 😉 I had a similar problem when I had to study Russian as a kid at school (before the Velvet Revolution in 1989), sometimes I wasn't sure if I used a genuine Russian word or if I only accidentally made something up in my head that sounded vaguely "Russian" to my Czech ears 😁(since both languages use similar words here and there).
@@xjiopec Jak už bylo řečeno výše, jazyky byly dva a díky tomu se Češi naučili rozumét slovenštině a naopak. A dodnes lze v Česku používat slovenštinu jako úřední jazyk.
@@xjiopec Československo se rozpadlo z rozhodnutí našich politiků. Slováci jsou dost nacionalističtí, Češi mají rádi svůj klid. Máme každý svou mentalitu.
Proto-Slavic "I" most likely had the quality of [(j)æ:zʊ̆]. The palatal [j] consonant can can even be seen in a few very peculiar Bulgarian dialects, namely the Rhodopean ones.
@@CommonCommiestudios I mean you could be debating for a long time, what is "native" and what is not... Are the Latin names of the months native? or not ? but they've been used at least for a thousand years in Russian. Is Az' native? But it has been used by the Russian Czars in transcripts i. e. Az' esm' czar - I am Czar... The line is really blurred here because unfortunately there is not that many studies on our Slavic languages... Slavs were more preoccupied with fighting each other rather then all coming together and actually researching it's history and languages etc. Though you need money and resources to do scientific work and research so that's natural that Russia and Russian language did the most in that field. However still not enough , and Communist revolution for the most part made it even harder for Russian linguists to research it's Slavic roots and language history.
There have been attempts to create a so-called Interslavic "medžuslovjansky jezyk" language. It is the closest thing I have seen, heard, and, most importantly, understood so far, although the language is not used in practice. But if it were to start being used... that would be a game changer.
A big mistake was the inclusion of russian vocabulary in this "międzysłowiański" language. This is the same if you try to create a Inter-German language from German, English and Swedish, which will not be understood by anyone. Because the East Slavic languages are as far from the Western and South Slavic languages as the Scandinavian languages are from German, Dutch and English. The Inter-Slavic language had to be formed on the basis of Western and South Slavic languages for the communication of Poles, Czechs and Slovaks with Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, Montenegrins and Bulgarians. And the Eastern Slavs would have to learn it if they also want to communicate with the European Slavs.
@@Ustash88I see you got political here Slav-slovo-word Meaning to communicate to include not exclude If you want to exclude GTFO PRETTY PLEASE if you want to include Youre welcome to join A lot of words from slovenian language is mutualy inteligible with the russian, like slovenian "pozabit" with the russian "забыть-zabit" Also languages spoken in croatia montenegro bosnia and serbia (which you neatly forgot to mention🤔🤦) are one single language, with three or more dialects per territory Wish you a political free inclusion and understanding Otherwise GTFO!!! Best regards
@@bugz7149 I mentioned Croats, so it didn't make sense to additionally mention Serbs, Montenegrins and Bosniaks, since they all speak the same language as the Croats. Language is always politics. Therefore, in one case one language is declared to be a dialect of another, as in the case of Bavarian, Tyrolean, Cantonese, Rusinian (Carpathian-rusinian), and in other cases the same language is declared to be two different languages, as in the case of Serbo-Croatian, Urdu and Hindi, Moldavian and Romanian, Finnish and Karelian, Azerbaijani and Turkish. The reason lies solely in the political aspect. A language is a dialect that has its own state and its own army.
Corrections: Czech and Slovak were only *officially* considered to be one Czechoslovak language between 1920-1938, but afterwards considered to be different languages, even while Czechoslovakia was still around. The majority of people in Belarus *probably* don't speak Belarusian natively, but a majority of people think of Belarusian as their mother tongue, which is why so many people put it as native Old Church Slavonic has been attested since the 800s, the 9th Century, NOT the 1800s 5:35 should be плаваю instead of палаваю 11:18 “vskétat” should be “vzkvévat” 13:00 these all mean ear, not eye, eye is “oko”
Old Church Slavonic was devised around the 16th century on the basis of the Old Bulgarian language invented in the 9th century (very often identified as the same language).
Czech and Slovak were deffinitely not considered the same language during the existence of Czechoslovakia. Also, Czech might be somewhat significantly influenced by latin, but its often striking when other Slavs talk to the Czechs how many archaic words the language presserved that even other slavic languages lost long time ago. Deffinitely true about the German infuence tho, Czechs always appreciated the short and easy German expressions, they make our rztrdrzzrtd conversations easier.
I'm a Bulgarian and lived in Czechia(don't jump about this name - it was always called like that in BG, finally it's normal in English too :D ) for about 4 years. Slovak is a lot easier on the ears to me. Written they are the same(as in neither seems harder or easier), but the Slovak pronunciation was a lot easier to grasp. Definitely not the same language. I need like 3 words to be able to tell which one is which, despite not being fluent in either. I've witnessed how easy it is for you both to communicate with each other. In my opinion these are the closest pair of languages if we don't count the ex-yu ones as separate. One question though - do you have to adjust a bit your speech when talking to a Slovak? As in speak slower, pick specific expressions that you know he/she will understand as opposed to ones you'd know are uniquely cz? This is what I do when talking to macedonians/other ex-yu. I end up speaking some frankenstein :D
@@a.n.6374 So as a Czech I would say we can talk with Slovaks in a normal way as we would with other Czechs. I'm from a generation that was born after the split of Czechoslovakia, so we weren't really exposed to the Slovak media, but we can still understand them in 95% of cases. When there is a communication problem it's usually the Slovak person that uses a synonym or even the Czech word, because their TV shows and movies are very often played with Czech dubbing. For example one time my friend told me to jump over that "peň" over there, and I was like what, so she just said the Czech word "kmen" which means tree trunk. I've never heard "peň" in my entire life up to that point but she knew the exact Czech word for it 😆
@@janslavik5284 ha, it is exactly the same word in Polish, just written differently, 'pień'. I have noticed that people exposed to one additional Slavic language have it easier to pick up familiar words in others. Both my sister and my mother studied Russian (they never got very good at it) and they had it easier to understand both Czechs and Slovaks than I and others who never studied any Slavic language did. So it might also be that Slovaks are surrounded by other Slavic countries, are a small country, so they might be exposed to them. Because most Slovaks I have met could understand Polish pretty well.
@@adapienkowska2605 totally. I they might be the most able to understand other Slavic languages from us all. They grow up watching Czech TV programs, they have an enormous variety of dialects in their own language so they pick up many archaic Slavic words there and so on. And it's still quite normal to study Russian there, wheres in CZ people usually don't want to have anything to do with anything Russian other than Tolstoy and other classical authors...
@@a.n.6374 "finally it's normal in English too". As a native speaker of English I can tell you that we very rarely use the name Czechia. It's hard to explain but it just sounds weird to our ears. There is also the point that we resent outsiders dictating to us which words we should and shouldn't use in our own language. I'll say Czechia if Czechs stop saying Anglie when speaking to each other in Czech and replace it with something of our choice. Ingland?
@@hunteractually3637 Yeah, in Canada. I don't know about interesting. There isn't a huge Czech community like there is for other groups (Poles and Russians especially). But it's surprising how often you'll bump into Czechs and Slovaks on the street.
As a Slovene, it's very interesting to hear that our vowels are the most complex, that's something I'd never considered before. Especially in written text, they usually look simpler than in other Slavic languages. We only use a,e,i,o,u, and only rarely add accents when it's necessary to disambiguate between similar-sounding words.
Js sem mislil, da je 8 fonemskih samoglasnikov kr standard za slovanske jezike, ampak je norma 5 samoglasnikov + polglasnik. Ločenje širokega in ozkega o in e, je prisotno samo v slovenščini od slovanskih jezikov pa večino jezikov ima 5/6 samoglasnikov. V bistvu smo Slovenci edini, ki znamo rečit /mleko/ in se vsi ostali sam poskušajo površno približat tej besedi s tem, da izgovorijo blizu ležeci samoglasnik (ali i, ali široki e) al pa poskušajo neko oralno gimnastiko z raznimi dvozvočniki od "ije" do "ie" do "je" etc. *Pokaže na druge slovane.* Look at what they do to mimic a fraction of our power!
Hi, I'm a native speaker of Russian, from Belarus, but can speak Belarusian too. The Belarusian part was very accurate, except there was a small mistake. The majority of people don't speak Belarusian natively, but a majority of people think of Belarusian as their language, which is why so many people put it as native. Similar to Ukrainian, g is pronounced ɣ, not g. The Russian new vocative case can also be used for non-kinship terms, like names. For example Оля (Olia) is said as Оль (Ol') sometimes.
Belarussian still has the W sound, written as Y with an apostrophe above, something rare so up north. In Russian it tends to be either "L" or "V" instead. seems like this is a common round about mutation, as in Serbian it is the opposite, the L changes to W.
the research that went into this is insane! One thing I would point out as Czech, "čau" is used as very informal, you'd say that to your friends not in a shop etc. At the end of the video, the goodbyes in all the languages are formal, Czech equivalent would be "Nashledanou" literally - wishing we see each other again / until we see each other again (which is the exact same meaning in most of the other languages too). Fun fact, you'd end a phone conversation with a similar "Naslyšenou" which replaces "see" for "hear"
The Polish goodbye used ("Na razie", which literally translated means something like "as of now", "so long" would probably be a good English equivalent.) is also a highly informal one. The formal version is "Do widzenia." ("till seeing")
For something unique to Slovak, someone already mentioned the rhythmic shortening, which is a rule that forbids two long syllables directly after each other. Long syllables are any syllables containing á, é, í, ó, and ú, as well as the four officially recognised diphthongs: ia, ie, iu, and ô (/uo/). The letter Ô is also unique to Slovak, and emerged after a reform which merged the /uo/ diphthong. Some examples of rhythmic shortening in Slovak (in contrast to Czech, which lacks this rule): Láskam (to the loves) - incorrectly láskám (this would be Czech) Skákanie (the jumping) - as opposed to the incorrect skákánie and the Czech skákání ĺ and ŕ are also considered long syllables: Tŕň (thorn), kĺb (joint). Other than the rhythmic shortening, Slovak also has a very extensive list of special words we call vybrané mená (lit. selected words). You see, in Slovak, the i and y vowels are read the same phonetically as /i/, but they have very distinct (and very annoying) grammatical role in words. They are called the the ‘soft i’ and the ‘hard y’. The soft i, if placed after a hard consonant (d,t,n,l), causes the consonant to soften. This is done in order to avoid writing too many unnecessary soft marks ◌̆. Additionally, the vowel e also works as a softener. De, te, ne, le, di, ti, ni, li would be pronounced /ďe, ťe, ňe, ľe, ďi, ťi, ňi, ľi/. For the record, seeing it written this is generally an eyesore and generally a very hard faux pas when it comes to standard Slovak writing. How does this connect to the selected words? Well, they are words which are specifically written with the hard y, and I’ve heard they are remnants from the past, so generally very old slavic words that simply had to be denounced into this category in order to preserve their original pronunciation. Examples: bylina (herb), umyť (to wash), rytier (knight) There’s lots of stuff I’m omitting, because Slovak grammar is giving everyone, including middle schoolers and middle aged mothers on Facebook very real nightmares, but that is the gist of it. Hope you liked my infodumping, and if not… well, just be happy you don’t have to learn Slovak in Slovak primary schools. Yeesh. I am still traumatised.
@@kevinio The "eastern" dialect is a collection of dialects - there are actually 6 slightly different ones - Abov, Gemer, Saris, Spis, Horny (upper) and Dolny (lower) Zemplin. All of these have some, sometimes significant, distinctions and they are influenced by different languanges (i.e. Hungarian, German, Ukrainian, or Polish). There are some minor distinctions even within regions from town to town, but long story short - some words are vastly different to the point of being illegible to the native Slovak speaker who is not at all familiar with the given dialect. That being said, the western dialects are also diverging from the proper Slovakian, but they tend to be more alike Czech or Polish and thus are more legible to the official language. The official language is based on the Central Slovak dialect, so the dialect used in this region is heavily overlapping with the proper/official language by default (again, there are distinctions between regions and even towns, but they are significantly less pronounced in the central retions, than with the eastern/western dialects).
That can be pretty hard, the change from Old Church Slavonic to Modern Bulgarian is unseen in any other Slavic language. lmao it was the fault of that Bulgar-Slayer, many Greek features (like Definite Article) started pouring in. If I ever learn Russian well enough I would like to see how it would feel to learn a Slavic language without the case torture honestly
Is there "Dual Number" in OCS ?? And if so - is it only in Nouns (and adjectives) and Numerals - or in Verbs too (conjugation person/number/gender/time) ??
After the first Russian state, the Kievan Rus', got destroyed by the Mongols, Western Rus' was colonized by the Poles and they forced Polonozation onto the languages of Western Rus', that later developed into modern day Belarusian and Ukrainian. While the language in Eastern and Northen Rus' (modern day Russian) continued its development with a heavy Old Church Slavonic influence. So Bulgarian and Russian have preserved their OCS origins.
For Slovak language you may add letters as "ô" which a believe is pretty unique and when compared do some other slavic languages, also "ä". There's also a rhythmic law/rule meaning two long syllables cannot occur consecutively (which includes also those with ia/ie/iu/ô ) although there are minor exceptions here and there, ofc. That's just from the top of my head, I may add some more, if I remember to :)
It was pretty annoying to hear him pretty much say that Slovak and Czech are completely same and completely left out everything. There are many differences which makes Slovak language different and wonderful in it's own way just like for any other language, I can't see why he ignored it but whatever. 😄
"Ne" and "Не" working pretty same in every slavic language, you can use almost for every word in sentences, but there are differencies in writing like Czech writes it together "nebudu" and for example russian writes "не буду", meaning same
In Russian language you can ignore for the most part those separations. As there is almost no distinction between those variants (only in grammatical sense), just a specific grammatical rule which gives more flexibility to mean a specific thing in a written sentence. i. e. you can construct a perfectly legal Russian word like "nebuduvshik" meaning someone who always says "ne budu" or even "Nebudka", there's one word that actually exists like "nezabudka" ( ne - za - bud - ka), which is a name of a flower which translates to "not forgettable" and that name has been used in classical literature quite often. You can write "небуду" - "nebudu" in Russian together , and everyone would understand it's meaning in a sentence. But it would just be grammatically incorrect.
@@volkhen0, hey, bro. Could you tell me, please: how do negative sentences work in Polish? Like, an english sentence "I've never been to there" translates into a russian one as "Ja nikogda nie byl tam" literally "I've never not been to there". Is it the same story to your language?
@@НепоНял-э6п in Polish it’s “Nigdy tam nie byłem” which translates directly to “Never there no was”. We skip “ja” as it’s obvious from the ending of “byłem” that it’s about yourself. You can add „ja” in the beginning to emphasize that You wasn’t there in the answer to someone who says “I was there” and ask’s you: “and you?”.
Interesting video. Just a note - even in times of Czechoslovakia, Czech and Slovak were not considered as one language. For some time, the official language was the virtual "Czechoslovak language", which had two varieties: the Czech one and the Slovak one. It didn't mean that they were one language though. Things were written in both languages, not only one. Both languages were present everywhere, because they were not the same language. The so called Czechoslovak language was nonexisten, it was an artificial name. Just like the Czechoslovak nation was artificial, nonexistent and created only to convince the world powers that both nations were actually one, that needed to have its own country. It was a trick.
I know this is a dumb question that probably has a million different nuanced reasons, and subject to opinion, but what exactly was the motivation for Czechoslovakia to be considered a single unitary country? The concept of a multi-ethnic state isn't exactly strange to me, the UK is basically an amalgamation of Celts, Saxons, Danes and wannabe French Norsemen... I'm just curious why this specific state came to be.
@@rorychivers8769 They wanted to have their own state, to separate from Austria-Hungary. To achieve that, they needed to prove the majority of people living here are of one nationality. That wasn't possible, as there were Czechs, Germans, Slovaks, Hungarians... Once they established a Czechoslovak nationality, they could add Czechs and Slovaks and voila, numbers are much better!
Plus there were probably some seeds for it in that in the early stages of the national revival(s) in the first half of the 19th century, they did work closely together, before the Slovaks went "hey, we're our own nation, thanks for the ideas, we'll take it from here." (Roughly speaking.) For example, Slovak Protestant churches used to use (I think they don't anymore) a 16th century Czech Bible translation (the Kralice Bible), so the connections have been there for a long time (since the time of Great Moravia really, it straddled the current political border). But the two countries have a lot of separate history, more than the common one in the long run, so that wins out both politically and in terms of overall culture.
@@rorychivers8769 Not a dumb question at all. I agree with both answers people have already give you. Actually, one of the first plans for Czechoslovakia was to create a country similar to the UK, with autonomy for Slovakia. Slovaks and Czechs were allies, close nations with quite different history. Czechs wanted their old Bohemian kingdom back, Slovaks wanted autonomy in Hungarian kingdom. The WWI was the opportunity for the nations in Austria-Hungary to become independent, but to create two small countries Czechia and Slovakia was scary - Slovaks were afraid of Hungarians, Czechs were afraid of Germans, so in Czechoslovakia they both would be stronger together. But because there were much more Germans then Slovaks in Czechoslovakia, the politicians created the idea that Czechs and Slovaks were actually one nation that needed to live in one country. Even if Germans were the second biggest ethnic group, Czechs together with Slovaks, as "Czechoslovaks", were the majority and could have the right for their own country.
Not true, in the first constitution of Czechoslovakia, there was written "Czechoslovak language", same as "Czechoslovak nation". But technicaly they were two different languages, the reason why they wrote that that way was to make us a majority in the country, Czechoslovaks could over number local Germans and to make them minority.
I'm Serbian, and I live in Spain where at one point I enrolled in Spanish classes. The teacher was part Serbian, so he was also able to explain to me specific Spanish grammar rules that got many students confused. He pointed out how Serbian has been heavily influenced by Latin grammar (due to being part of the Roman Empire) so we incorporated some grammatical structures, which the Russian and English students in the class were not able to comprehend (like reflexive verbs or those two different futures). I normally translate from English to Spanish in my head, but my teacher told me that it is better to translate from Serbian as the grammatical structure is more close to that of Spanish.
Guys can you please stop with all those vague accusations of Russian language not having this or that. Every time you are just being wrong. At least give us an example of what you mean. So that Russian people can tell if they have something or not because I am willing to bet that Russian language has it...
"Reflexive verbs" are COMMON in any given Northern Slavic language (W and Eastern) also - Reflexive verbs DO EXIST in German, and they Used to Exist - in Old English (befor Norman Conquest)
How did your teacher think Serbian was influenced by Latin because of the land now known as Serbia had been part of the Roman empire, given that Serbia and Serbians appear on that land almost half a Millennium after the Latin Romans sent away and Serbian as a language even later? One could argue that Serbian has some common features with Latin speaking countries today. But that's because it's surrounded by countries, which are part of the Balkan Sprachbund.
OH MY FELLOW!! This video REALLY WAS SOMETHING!! You really tried to do many of the sounds here. That was impressive! And the editing to put an audio of some of the sounds was so fluid!! And this is just a silly thought, but I couldn't keep myself from pausing the video everytime I wanted to see a bit more of detail in each new screen. GREAT VIDEO!!!
Fun fact: If you recall Life of Bryan, there is scene, where he improperly writes "Romanes, eunt domus" on the wall and is punished by passing centurion to correct it to "Romani, ite domum", which sounds extremely similar to Slavic version of the phrase. Czechs would say "Římané, jděte domů"
For anyone who is also a nerd here are some interesting facts about the Bulgarian language. One that is often ignored, especially by foreign linguists but it's called Present Historical Time. It describes past actions in the present tense and it's mostly used, as the name suggests to describe historical actions. Example: България е основана през 681г. (Bulgaria was founded in the year 681.) Where we use the present е основана, instead of the past е била основана. What you described as evidentially is actually more complex and it refers to a lot of different tenses Past Complete Time is used to describe actions that have certainly finished before the moment of speaking. Past Incomplete Time is used to describe actions that have started in the past but the speaker is unsure if they have finished in the present. Past Uncertain Time is used to describe past actions which have been completed in an uncertain moment in the past but we can observe the result. Past Preliminary Time is used to describe actions that were completed before other past actions or a given moment. Then there are also the future tenses called Future Time, Future Preliminary Time, Future Time in the Past and Future Preliminary Time in the Past. Future is pretty self-explanatory. Future Preliminary time is used to describe a future action that will happen before another future action or a given future moment. Future Time in the Past is used to describe actions that would've happened in the past but didn't. It's considered a future tense because of the grammar used. Future Preliminary Time in the Past is used to describe actions that would've happened but didn't because of a specific actions or reason. It's a bit hard to understand if you don't speak the language. Another cool thing is the doubling forms, where a word has two official ways to be written or pronounced. Example: обеци, обици(earnings) Also I promise I won't bother you too much with dialects, mostly because Bulgarian dialects are a hundred times more complex than the language but I wanna mention that on top of regional dialects we have professional dialects used by people working in specific professions. They could range from people just using certain words such as Tricker dialect, used by professional criminals, to having a mixture of foreign and Bulgarian accents and grammar such as Computerdjiski dialect, to having artificially created accent specific for those professions, which is the case for actors, news presenters and PSA announcers. That accent is called Proper Speech and it was made to be the most comprehensible way to speak the language. Lastly even though old Bulgarian is considered a lost language (thanks Turks) from the little we could uncover it was very similar to Old Church Slavonic, to the point some linguists consider them the same. That also makes sense due to historical reasons and here comes a slight correction. The Glagolic was created with Slavs in mind and during Christianation Bulgarian churches originally adopted the Glagolic so they don't preach in Greek, but since Bulgaria was a multiethnic state Glagolic proved too hard for non-slavs so a simplified version of the Glagolic was created called the Cyrrilic by one of Cyrril and Methodius's students called Kliment of Ohrid.
Old Church Slavonic is not similar to Old Bulgarian, it WAS Old Bulgarian. Its disappearance from daily use is not related at all to the Turks. It had evolved to Middle Bulgarian long before they even arrived on the Balkans.
The Cyrillic was certainly not created by Clement. Clement just created a simplified version of the Glagollic. The earliest definite evidence of Cyrillic being used that we have is from Pliska around the time of Clement's death. Additionally, the literary school in Ohrid was among the last ones to start using it, a lot after Clement's death, which wouldn't make sense if he created it. But the earlier you go into Bulgarian and Balkan history in general, the more arguments and asserted misconceptions there are.
Your description of Past Incomplete Time is incorrect. It refers to an action that has happened in the past before the moment of speaking but it has not been finished then and therefore continues to happen in the past before the moment of speaking.
There was also a very interesting Polаbian language in what is now northern Germany. This language died out in the 19th century, but a lot of information about it remains. It had a lot of German borrowings and sounds and it sounded very interesting.
@@dangermanq7 why do you gotta start this for literally no reason at all when you could've easily just minded your own business I didn't say anything negative about macedonia to begin with, the whole "macedonia used to "own" bulgaria" is a-whole-nother story which I honestly don't care about
I don't know why, but I just become so happy every time slavic languages get attention and their time to shine! I'm russian myself, I don't have any problem understanding ukrainian most of the time, little less I understand belorusian. The next i'd say would be serbo-croatian, but all the others sound unfamiliar, especially czech. Czech sounds so beautiful, I'd say it's the prettiest slavic language, but I can't understand a word they say
@@keiralum1797 I understand 100% of it but oh well. I'm Bulgarian so that's obvious. Also Russian people should theoretically have no problems understanding Bulgarian at almost 100%, and vice versa. Excluding false friends like гора-лес (Bulgarian also has лес, but it's so to say obsolete) and гора-планина (yep, very different word). But generally speaking, they are 95% intelligible. Except Russian is a little easier to learn. Not so much because our verb system is hard but okay, Russian has less exceptions than Bulgarian (in general). Also we haven't truly lost our cases. You can see remants of the genitive case in our father's names and last names, as well as other words that we consider "adjectives". We still have all the other 5 cases. But they're called adjectives because not every single word keeps them. Just see how many exceptions we have. You're gonna feel even worse. :D
As Serbian, i can say that Slovakian is very easy to read, and just little harder to listen, Polish is not understandable to me, and Russian is around 50% that I understand. South slavic languages are all very similar and if you know older versions of Serbian, pre communistic Yougoslavian reformes to flaten the differences between Serbian and Croatian dialects you can very easy understand Bulgarian and Macedonaian. If you grow as spoled city dweller using flat accentuation and slang, you will hav no idea what people are saying if you move 100km away from your city.
I speak Ukrainian, Russian and Polish, hence I lived in Slovakia using mix of them to communicate with people, who don't speak English. Worked really well. I just said the same word in a different language, hoping it would resemble the same meaning in Slovak. I remember word "paradajki" - tomatoes, which totally differ from any known by me language. Hence, yes, it is true, knowing 1 or several you can understand and read in others. For me personally, Belorussian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Slovak are the easiest one to understand and Slovenian is the hardest one.
In Austrian German that´s "Paradeiser" for tomato. I am from Germany but I know that word. I just do not know if it is still very much used in Austria who speak their German language very close to ours.
@@ruedigernassauer, I was told it when I was in Bratislava this summer. I don't know if it's used, but it was probably influenced by German, as they were in the same country 110 years ago. for me it's crazy that Lviv in Ukraine and Milano in Italy were part of one country a few generations ago, cannot get it.
Wow you made a really good work! You even mentioned Rusyn, Silesian, Kashubian, Sorbian and Old Church Slavonic - WOW :D I am czech and I have to correct few things: 11:19 - vskétat should be vzkvétat czech has one diphtong in its alphabet and it is CH ... more slavic languages has this unique sound but I haven`t seen it nor in the general traits neither in czech diphtongs. But again - you made really good job, most of the people wouldn`t even consider speaking about Rusyn or Sorbian or Old Church Slavonic. Fun fact - did you know that you can download old church slavonic keyboard to your phone? 🤪
Just a heads up, there's a mistake in the slovenian part of the video. It says that "uho" means "eye" when it actually means "ear". Eye would be "oko", so I can definitely see how that got mixed up.
As a Russian native-speaker, I'd like to add that in addition to French borrowings, we have many words from German. Byustgalter (Büstenhalter), Bukhgalter (Buchhalter), Galstuk (Halstuch), Parikmakher (Parückmacher = Friseur), Schlagbaum, Buterbrod (Butterbrot), Lager' (Lager), verstak (Werkstatt), lozung (Losung), soldat (Soldat), shtraf (Strafe), Kurort (Kurort) etc. It happened to us because of the Empress Yekaterina II who was from Germany and encouraged German immigration to Russia. In fact, Germans was a significant ethnic minority in USSR. After its demolition they were enabled to leave for Germany and a lot of them did. But their presence is still reflected in our language. Thank you for video!
На самом деле из-за революции в России и появилась неприязнь Германии к России, потому что в то время в царской семье было весьма много людей с немецкими корнями из-за развитых связей с Европой со времен Петра 1 и как раз таки любви к Германии у Екатерины 2, можно сказать во времена ее правления почти все строительство жилого и культурного сектора было направлено на привлечение германцев к жизни в России.
@@manman7985 социологический опрос как то раз показал, что русских не любят больше всего болгары и шведы. Почему вы македонцев обзываете руськами и что это значит? То, что "кириллицу" придумали болгары является церковной фальсификацией.
You also have hundreds of Polish words (massive borrowings of the 17th and 18th centuries), and what's more, you also borrowed many German, French and Latin words through Polish (among other things, because no literature or scientific works were published until the times of Peter the Great in Russian, and instead, books published in Poland were read in Russia.
The ending at 19:09 is funny since both Czech and Slovak have Čau and Zbohom (Sbohem in Czech). However "čau" means "bye", while "zbohom" means "farewell", so it seems like you are telling us a casual goodbye followed up by "we'll never talk to you again" :D
@@volkhen0 It lost most of it's religious connotation. There are multiple words like this, e.g. chvalabohu "thank god", preboha "oh god", bohužiaľ "godsadly"(?)...
Thanks for such a detailed analysis! I never thought I'd say something like this, but I would really appreciate a longer version of this video with the same content but with more time to appreciate each language and the details :)
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714 so what? Our language isn't less Slavic than other Slavic tongues. It makes it a bit more simple to learn, doesn't it?
Awesome video! That's really surprising how much I didn't know about my own language! Some corrections for the russian part: 4:25 "Стой" rarely means "Stand!' and it usually means something like "Stop!" 4:47 Prepositional and locative cases are basically the same, or at least I haven't ever heard people distinguishing between them 4:50 Present tense transcription is a bit of a mess, it's more like "ja - lutšaja učenica v svojom klasse" Also worth noting that the letters я, е, ю, ё don't make the j sound most of the time (they only do so after other vowels, at the beginning of a word and after ъ and ь) The quality of the video is really fascinating, you definitely deserve way more subs
@@jodypalm303 I stand - я стою. You stand - ты стоишь/вы стоите. He/she stands - он/она стоит. They stand - они стоят. We stand - мы стоим. To stand - стоять. Stand (imperative) - "стой"/"стоять".
Very cool video, learning the history of slavic languages and why some words are different in other languages really makes it easier to further understand the languages. Thank you very much for making it, greetings from Bulgaria 🇧🇬
3:08 "Speakers of one language can often get a gist of a conversation spoken in another language." Czech/Slovak speaker here. In case of Polish, what we get is the full conversation plus something extra.
I'm Polish and can confirm it's similar the other way round. We might not understand all, but we know what is going on and it sounds very funny to us 😂
Wow, an informative video about the slavic languages that actually mentions *all* the living slavic languages and not just those who are national languages! Kudos!
"Nation" or "language" are very relative and fuzzy terms. There are no strict criteria for considering a dialect as a separate language or an ethnicity as a separate nation, and even if a nation or language has a clear identity, it is difficult to determine what else belongs to them and what does not.
This makes me wonder how would this look with latin languages, great video, very informative, I'm trying to learn russian, and this showcases a lot of stuff I needed
I'm a native Slovenian speaker, found this video by chance. I'm not a huge fan of languages, but maaaan, this is so in depth, you clearly put so much work into this I cannot even comprehend the scale. Amazing job! I can't say I understood everything, I don't even know how I can use what I saw today irl. Maybe I'll revisit this someday. It's also interesting to hear the English translations for our languages's particularities. For the one part I understood... you need to work on better translations, "uho" in Slovenian is ear, not eye XD
In Czech we have the same word, just pronounced "ucho" = uho ("Ch" Vs Slovenian "H") Joke: in Czechia we eat a tons of sauces with meats and dumplings. At primary school, they try to save on money UHO = *Univerzální hnědá omáčka" Universal brown sauce = generic = tastes the same as any other 😅
Čist res in a je sam men Mal čudn da se lahko po slovensko pogovarjamo k ns ostali ne zastopajo XD ampak pol je pa ta gumb nakonc komentarja 'translate to english' 😅 😅 adijo moji frendi
This is really interesting. Having heard and read bits of all of the West Slavic languages and had a little look at Slovenian, it was interesting to see and hear the similarities and differences. This has gone into so much wonderful detail and has far more languages than I'd compared. It's fascinating.
As a czech i found a old lady in Slovakia she was speaking rusyn and i understood everything rusyn is pretty straightforward for a czech or slovak or at least for me😂
For Ukrainians, Rusyn sounds like the Ukrainian language, but with Slovak and Czech borrowings, to fully understand Rusyn it is enough to be a Ukrainian who has learned Czech
@@craftah that is very probably, because many (if not most) of old people in Slovakia who claim to speak Rusyn speak just some eastern Slovak dialect (usually Šariš one) or speak Slovak with Rusyn words...but they usually don't actually speak the proper codified version of the language
@@user-kh6lb4xf6v is the proper cofidied version even spoken by someone ? also i would say they speak more like Rusyn with Slovak words, not vice-versa.
@@letsgo9574 yes it is, but not by the majority of Rusyn speakers, considering the time of codification and the amount of Rusyn schools and media, but let's hope it will change for the better in future :) and both things (Slovak with Rusyn words, Rusyn with Slovak words) are frequent, yes (sometimes it's hard to tell which is which).
“I’m sorry if I caused any trauma for learners of Russian to resurface” HOW DID YOU KNOW !? I’m a native Russian speaker who lives in a Scandinavian country, talking with this stuff wasn’t that hard ( though mistakes are made here and there) but WRITING…….. learning to write was hella traumatizing……especially when you start late (due to focusing on another language)…… remembering that time still makes me want to lay in the fetal position and cry.
I'm in America speaking English, but I have Czech heritage and know some of the language. I am currently learning Russian. No trauma for me, especially since I already have been introduced to the basic grammar of Russian. 😄
One thing worth mentioning about Russian is that a lot of nouns have a form with a different suffix, in order to indicate that the nouns is small or “cute.” For example, “дорога”(road) would be changed to “дорожка” if you want to indicate that the road is small. Or “куб”(cube) would be changed to “кубик” for the same reason.
@spaghettiisyummy.3623 those are linguistic terms but they originate from Latin. Similar to names of cases: Nominative, Genitive... we don't say imenski, rodni... we are not like Russians that say everything in their language
Slovak speaker here. Thank you for the well-made video (although the speed and amount of information is quite overwhelming). I'd say the diphthong "ô" is pretty characteristic of Slovak, as well as the crazy perfective/imperfective verb aspects. Also, I appreciate you calling the language "Slovak" instead of "Slovakian" which I often hear from some people.
Thanks for the massive effort put in this video, I can imagine it's hell trying to run though so many languages in reasonable time 😅 Croatian here. One correction regarding imperfekt (past imperfective): it does not (at least in Croatian) imply habitual actions at all. It's easier to explain together with the aorist: - imperfekt is for actions that happened in the past, but were still ongoing (at the point in time which is being talked about) - aorist is for actions that happened in the past, and were already finished (at the point in time which is being talked about) I think you mentioned this distinction between finished and unfinished verbs in one of the other languages; Croatian does that too (typically by slapping a prefix on the not-finished form). The closest terminology in English I know is imperfective aspect, but that also (according to Wikipedia at least) implies repetition or habit. Our thing is just about whether the action is ongoing or not. Oh, and perhaps worth to note: neither aorist nor imperfekt are really used often in language, spoken or written. You do come across them, and I guess it's regional up to a point, but in standard language, they are typically seen as kind of stylistically marked, or in some cases even a bit archaic. To convey the same thing in everyday language, we simply rely on the unfinished vs finished forms of the verb in present and perfect forms.
Small quibble but the Ukrainian example sentence at 1:31 should read “druhom”, since like Czech, Slovak and Belarusian, Ukrainian has an H sound instead of a G sound. Great video!
@@kjererrrt2381 тупішої українофобської маячні ще не читав. Українська мова завжди була, її ніхто не створював. На відміну від російської, яку лише насильством та вбивствами насаджували
As a native speaker of Croatian, I think that the pluperfect is used more than the aorist or imperfect. All of these can be (and usually are) replaced with the normal past tense. Pluperfect is used only in some compound sentences when it is necessary to distinguish a specific meaning from the set of meanings simple past tense can convey. The aorist is used in some semi-fixed phrases, usually to imply the finality of the action and the imperfect is just straight up dead. Usage of aorist and imperfect tenses is considered "stylistically marked". For the vocabulary differences between standard Croatian and other standards, Croatian went through several linguistic purism movements over the last 150-ish years, which reflects in the vocabulary. In most cases where the vocabulary differs, you will see that Croatian has a word made of Slavic roots (sometimes a neologism, sometimes not), where as Serbian and the others will use a loanword, like in the examples for "carrot" and "history" in the video.
that's usually the best part of Croatian language even during 90ties it tended to go to far. last Croatian word I heard, "sebić" for selfie, i love it :)
I would like to confirm the statement about pluperfect, aorist and imperfect tenses as being true for standard Serbian. Also, there is sometimes a distinction in Serbian between the common word, such as šargarepa (carrot) being a loanword (in this case, from Hungarian) and the synonym predominantly used in scientific register (in this instance, the science being botany - and the word being mrkva). Those scientific words are often identical to standard Croatian or similar to Croatian-style neologisms. Other such examples are mushroom (Sr. pečurka/Cr. and Sr. formal gljiva), aircraft (Cr. zrakoplov, Sr. formal vazduhoplov - the common variant being the more narrow in meaning avion-airplane).
as someone who can understand russian and ukrainian from my parents and older family members but not speak it well, i felt really called out by some of the example sentences lol i always thought slavic languages can communicate more humor/meaning and i think it might be in part because of multidirectional verbs and such. thank you for explaining grammatical ideas and the differences between the languages! (i often get the two above confused TuT) now im motivated to learn them better :)
@@everythingsfinett3903 Things, yes; emotions, not. English is more psychological, it has more abstract nouns describing emotions and society phenomena than my native Czech. But Czech has adjectives and verbs describing emotions that English doesn't have. Off the top of my head: "predposrany" (plus diacritics that I don't have in my phone). That's just untranslatable. Literally, it means something like "sh*tted on himself in advance", i.e. "a bit cowardly, afraid of confrontation, frightened even before something happens, unable to stand up for himself or anyone else". There's also a weasel-like and what-will-I-get-from-it quality about the meaning. We only use it regarding politics or relationships. Btw, the number of one-word expressions doesn't determine the language's ability to express. Czech has poignant phrases for some phenomena, where English has words. Off the top of my head: "I was only standing on one leg and that leg wasn't even mine" is the equivalent of the English word "jam-packed". Or, "he allows wood to be chopped on him" means something like "pushover". On the whole, English is better at describing abstract concepts and Czech is better at describing specific physical actions, also those interconnected with relationships and emotions. I enjoy motivational books and abstract concept-based humour in English (like Yes, Minister), and stories and satirical op-eds in Czech.
I feel Sorbian is sadly not known well enough within Germany. I only learned about it’s existence in my early 20s. I think one should be told about it’s existence in school (and preferably a bit more than that)!
@@HeroManNick132 , I'd say that article-system singlehandedly makes Bulgarian the hardest slavic-language to learn for other slavs. I'm a native russian speaker and articles in English are such a pain for me, tbh:)
@@HeroManNick132 , not gonna call that thing proper article-system. Sentences "Ty prochital knigu?" and "Ty prochital knigu-to" both have translation into English with "the" article: "Have you read the book?", but "-to" adds extra meaning "finally" or "yet" - "Have you read the book finally/yet". To be honest, I'm not an expert at linguistics and at northern dialects of Russian, so excuse me if up-written is off-topic.
@@HeroManNick132 Бате, я пак прочети какво си написал. Изречението:"Ти си прочитал книгата", звучи на съобщително и на възклицателно изречение, но е далече от въпросително. Правилното е:"Прочел ли си книгата?". Глаголът "прочитал" както си го използвал, звучи като в "незапочнато-незавършено" време, както звучи "бъдеще-незапочнато": "Искам да започна да мога".
As a sidenote: #1 Czech isn't the only Slavic language to form past tense with participles. In fact it's a common mean to talk about the past in most of them, even though in some grammarian traditions they're referred to just as "past forms" (That's the case of Polish for example, in which the participle has fused with the present tense forms of the verb "to be" which obscures it's origins). #2 Continuing the past tense vein, I am not so sure if it's apprpriate to translate "snědl" as "eaten" since the former is an active participle and the former a passive one (the actual equivalent would be "sněden") #3 The arguments for analytic nature of Slovene also apply, either partially or fully, to all Western Slavic languages. #4 Also, again about Western Slavic languages - perfective verbs can be derived from the imperfective ones *and vice versa* in all of them, not just in Slovak (or Czech). I'm not super familiar with the other branches but I wouldn't be surprised if it applied to the East and South Slavic languages as well.
#4 on your last point can you elaborate please? I am sure that it is the same in all Slavic languages, but without an example it's hard to understand what you are talking about.
Here is the difference between the aspect and the tense. Most Slavic languages only use aspects. The exceptions are Bulgarian and Serbian, where the imperfect tense is also used. Old Czech used the imperfect tense too, which expressed a progression of action, and the aorist, which expressed a completed action. The imperfect tense had the endings -ie- and -á- and the aorist -e- and -a-. Example Imperfect tense "před starými těmi Aristotiles sedIEše, jenž tehdy králév mistr bIEše." Today, using only the imperfect aspect "před staršími seděl Aristotelés, jenž byl tehdy královým učitelem - before the elders sat Aristotle, who was then the king's master." "Ta rytieře prosIEšta sv. Petra, aby z města postůpil. - Ti rytíři prosili sv. Petra, aby opustil město. - The knights begged St. Peter to leave the city." Or, "Vida to lev, že pan ležIEše, žalostěmi velikými zařvÁše. - Jakmile uviděl lev, jak jeho pán leží, tak velmi žalostně zařval. - When the lion saw that his master was lying down, he roared with great sorrow." Aorist "KázA uzel rozvázati i počE ten mák zobati. - Přikázal rozvázat uzel a začal ten mák uzobávat. - He commanded the knot to be untied and began to take the poppy."
Yeah - it's worth to remind people that Polish Past Tense is a "composite" (with "to be" mobile operator) tense. Also - "past perfect" not yet "completely dead" - athough "dying".. (unlike Aorist).
I speak Spanish natively, but I like so much slavic culture. To me it's interesting in both negative and positive sides. I'm trying to learn russian nowadays. I hope someday I could visit at least one slavic country in my life. Я люблю русский❤ Greetings from El Salvador!
The one thing you forgot to mention from Ukrainian is the rule of simplification in groups of consonants: [s t n] simplified to [s n], [s t l] to [s l], [z k n] and [s k n] to [z n] and [s n], [sh ch k] to [sh k]. Also there’s some exclusion like “shistnadtsyat’”(sixteen) where “t” remained in writing, but not in pronouncing and some like “kistlyavyy” (bony) where we write and pronounce “t”. Also in some words d, t or r can get simplified. Another fact, this rule exist just in Ukrainian.
Native croatian speaker here: the only time I've heard past imperfect and aorist was in school some decades ago. Even the pluperfect you mention as not being in use anymore is in fact used way more than the other two tenses. Thank you for making this video! :)
Hello, i am Serbian. Its not Seta moje majke (My Mothers sorrow) but Tuga moje majke. Seta is word for reflecting some good memories best comparison is feeling nostalgic. On the other hand Tuga is literal sorrow, for example loss of someone or something or sorrow when you left your country to live somewhere else where is better source of income. Also we in Serbian have also double negation like Ja ne znam ništa "I dont know anything" similar to Russian.
Jaz ne vem ničesar.* "I don't know nothing." meaning: I don't know anything. Similarly: Ničesar nimam. "I don't have nothing." meaning: I don't have anything. @@bojanstare8667
You should do a video on indo aryan languages. Kind of interesting how similar they all are IMO I say this because your video quality is absolutely amazing and I’d love to see the language family of the language that my parents speak be closely analyzed. I actually lied, make videos on whatever you want. But I will say that most indo aryan languages are mutually intelligible and there’s a lot of vocab borrowing from so many different languages.
An interesting but little-known fact is that Russian also has a past conjugation. It works on the principle "bylo" + verb in the past tense. Ja bylo podumal, Ja bylo sobralsia uhodit', etc. So it's worth saying that Slavic idioms are very close to each other, so the historical differences between languages were much smaller than between literary standards now. And many dialects with their own special features, for example, the Russian dialects of the region of Novgorod and Pskov, as one of the most special Russian dialects. They are not considered separate languages, but in many ways they differ more than other East Slavic languages.
as a slav, i find western languages very simple, like in english imperative is the same as infinitive, the words dont have tens of forms of how you can use them in sentences
Русских субтитров не было, поэтому я как истинный любитель хардкора включил украинские и начал переводить и с украинского и с английского языков однавременно.
@@slaviansky Ну як похлебав трохи, прийнявся до коренів?) Є в мене на роботі один фіно-угр самий натуральний, з Урала, так він по нашому краще шпрехає, чим росіяни по своєму.
@semen semenov но русский язык является частью именно восточно-славянской языковой группы (финно-угорские языки и тюркские относятся не просто к другим группам, но целым иным языковым семьям.) русский - 100% славянский язык с некоторым влиянием тюркских и финно-угорских языков, но все еще славянский. что касается национальности, тут уже немного другой вопрос
Nice video. Missed one of the coolest Ukrainian language features - synthetic form of future imperfect tense, that allows to pack phrase like "I will read" - "Я буду читати" (Ya budu chytaty) into synthetically formed "Я читатиму" (Ya chytatymu)
That "coolest feature" is probably the same in all languages. At least in Russian you can say " Ya p(r)ochitau" which is the same thing. Also Ukranian is a fake lang.
Actually, "Ya prochitayu" is perfective unlike imperfective and synthetic Ukrainian "Ya chytatymu". In Ukrainian there is also perfective "Ya prochytayu". There may be also the Russian "Ya chitayu" (tomorrow) (and the Ukrainian "Ya chytayu" (tomorrow). But they are something like "present-in-future" (not synthetical imperfective future like the Ukrainian "Ya chytatymu").
Serb here, all of this is really long and difficult but 100% accurate! Youre an country and language expert! XD Imaj dobar dan, or in translatiion, have a good day!
As a learner of Russian and Polish and general enthusiast of Slavic stuff, I got to say that this video addressed most of the issues I found with each specific Slavic language when travelling or learning them. What a great summary and with a touch of humour, I admit I was pausing it every few seconds to read the examples on the screen haha
I'm Russian and Czech is the only Slavic language I barely understand. To me Czech always sounded a lot like a Romano-Germanic language, like German or French.
@@Macieks300 I understand about 85-90% of Ukrainian and Belarusian languages. Spoken Ukrainian is a bit more difficult, it takes practice to understand it. Spoken Belarusian sounds almost like Russian to me.
Hi, I'm from Slovenia. I speak Slovenian (Home Language), Serbo-Croatian and Russian (for the Non-Slavic languages, I speak German, Danish and English). To be honest, I wish this video was there when I started learning other languages. This video is really in-depth, which I really enjoy. I also study linguistics, and I am sure I have never seen anyone explain something so fast, but understandable. I'm also glad that The Slavs get some interest! :D
I was in Slovenia last week with a friend, she is Bosnian Serb and we speak in Serbo-Croatian together. We noticed that so many words are the same between Bulgarian and Slovenian while in Serbo-Croatian they are different, I don't remember all of them but the ones that come to mind are Vlak, Kitajska, vhod, izhod etc.
Salutations are weird in Slavic languages. Czechs say "Ahoy!" even though Czechia is landlocked. Poles say "Dzień dobry", which literally means "Good day", even though no day is ever good in Poland ;)
@@HeroManNick132 Yeah - it's a realtively common formal way of saying hello in many Slavic languages. My comment was just a recent installment in a long-running tradition of Poles and Czechs mocking each other's vocabulary (combined with the sterotype of Poland being more gloomy of the two) ;)
Silesian is in itself a group of dialects and it's pronounced /saɪˈliːʃiən/ with a penultimate syllable accent and three syllables altogether,. It's closer to Old Polish than the Polish that's spoken nowadays. You mentioned ą/ę as a feature and Silesian tends to get separated into 'om/em', there's a lot of cool vowel transformations and they change from city to city or even among the districts. Aside from the very obvious German influence, a lot of grammar and words are borrowed from Czech to the point that there are false friends homophones between Polish and Silesian, same as with Polish and Czech. Though there's currently no agreed upon orthography or alphabet as in recent years it's been used as a spoken, secondary language at home while Polish is taught at schools so it's been in decline and gained an unsophisticated reputation. Lately, there is a resurgence of it and shops and restaurants have started having menus in it, there's books translated to it and written in it and it's been turned into a point of regional pride (and merchandise).
It used to be a territory of czech kings, but Habsburgs gave it to Germany, respective Prussia. Even Kraków used to be a czech city. Living under Prussia united the locals with the rest of Polish citizen. Stalin offered this territory to Czechoslovakia, but president Beneš refused the offer, saying the redrawing borders would lead to future conflict.
@@Pyrochemik007 Lower silesia was for the majority of modern history under polish influence with some czech implications, you're talking about upper silesia, which in fact was quite mixed, most of the time it was german and czech influence, but there were periods of time where it was under polish influence and lots of ethnic poles were settling down there, so it's fair to say that silesian is mix of those three languages - german, czech and polish with obvious german listing, since german influence was the strongest
There's also a dialect from Śląsk Cieszyński (Tešínskie Slezsko), where there's much more similarities with Czech, than in upper Silesian one (co hanysy godają). It's rather common for people from here to drive to Czechia and vice versa and i haven't had any issue communicating, granted I know our regional dialect and some words are common with Czech ones. There are many school extracurricular activities that teach that dialect, as only the generation of my grandparents uses "naszo godka" at home. I think it's more socially acceptable for people from upper Silesian to speak Silesian than for us to speak our dialect, at least that's how I see that
There is a huge decline in Silesian. Sad, but true fact is that it is spoken in majority by uneducated elder physical workers, because it is a language they have learned at home and at work. Most of the young Silesians grew up listening to two languages (personally I don't recognise Silesian as a language, didn't grew up with a real rural Silesian). At home, in neighbourhood everyone speaks Silesian. Polish is the language in schools, newspapers, tv, internet etc. Also some elders tend to prefer speaking Polish than Silesian. That is the cause of the huge decline. Nowadays, when you ask a young Silesian to speak some Silesian language he will speak Polish that sounds exactly like Silesian but with some German words, making you think it is 100% a dialect.
That's not true! I'm from the Balkan and half Russian, if anyone hates each other it's the Macedonians and the Greeks near the border, try to get peace out of that one!
@@zeljkopopovic2662 He can only understand Polish if he has some knowledge of it directly. Where I live there are many Polacks and their language has no similarity with either Russian or Croatian.
Im happy you mentions some lesser known languages like Rusyn, I recently learned about those and the peoples speaking them and it's pretty interesting.
a couple things to add to the uniqueness of Ukrainian language: 1. It's only one language of the group that can create future imperfect tense with a suffix at the end of the verb. an example: я буду писати vs. я писатиМУ (both mean: "i will be writing"). 2. Another thing is the melodic nature of the language which requires to use extra rules depending on the case of the word or the words next to it: кіт - кота (cat: "i" in a closed syllable (nominative case) vs "o" in an open syllable (accusative or genitive case)) піти У школу - піти В університет (to go to school - to go to university: the "to" word is either translated as В or У depending on the first sound of the next word)
Thank you for explaining how the preposition "в" and "у" differ in Ukrainian. It was a mystery to me. In Czech, we have another specialty: some place names are connected with the preposition "v" ("do") (= "in") (v Praze, v Německu) and others with the preposition "na" (= "on") (na Vinohradech, na Slovensku), with some both variants can be used, but they are not always fully equivalent. The distinction has some historical connections (the preposition "on" is more typical for settlements located on the banks of rivers or on elevated plains or around a castle), but they cannot be relied upon. The correct preposition cannot be logically derived from anything - it is necessary to know the common usage. The sound "i" in Ukrainian is often in the place where "e" ("ě") or "o" was originally. It can be jokingly said that if half of the vowels in another Slavic language are replaced by the vowel "i", Ukrainian will be created. However, this change affected only some cases. Czech has similar vowel changes, which are a historical relic of Old Czech. - letter "ů" is a relic of former "ó" which changes first to "uo" and then to "ú" (compare Slovak "ô" and Polish "ó"). However, these changes did not affect all cases and derived words. There is "Bůh", but genetive is "Boha" and adjectives "božský" or "Boží", or kůň - koně - koňský, stůj - stojí, dvůr - dvora - dvorský etc. And another peculiarity are the relics of the disappeared yers. In Czech, in odd-numbered syllables (counting from the end), yers disappeared, and in even-numbered syllables, they turned into the sound "e". That's why we have "pes" - "psa" - "psí", "hrnec" - "hrnce", "Žatec" - Žatce".
@@czerwoniczmoni6073 Свинина🐷 ты почему не на сковородке ещё? 4-5 10я могилизация подряд на Usraine с 23 женщин могилизовать собираются, че с ебалом как там кондиционеры в куеве?
About part 1: do both of these sentences mean the same? In Polish we can say "(ja) będę pisać" or "(ja) napiszę", but the second one means the action will be completed.
@@agnieszkabatyra4332 yes, they both mean the same because they both will be incomplete actions. your second example "(ja) napiszę" will therefore translate to "я напишу" which is a complete action and is a common way to build future tense across slavic languages.
Nice video, maybe a bit too fast paced, but no problem, I can rewind ;) Alas, You should really go deeper into Silesian, there're many more differences from Polish in it, on par with Kashubian :)
That video is something I didn't expect to see! And I like it! As a Bulgarian, thank you for making this and also showing our flag! And best of luck for others who want to learn our language!
@@bloodkelp No, you are not. A dialect is not a product of two different languages, but a variety of one language. Your comparison sounds more like a pidgin language or even a creole.
Croat here, you pretty much nailed that our languages are identical but also not. For the most part we can understand eachother and often we know the different words or pronunciations we all use differently. Much like in America when I see people argue over coke/soda/pop, tennis shoes/sneakers, tap/faucet/sink, we’ll do the exact same thing. We all know what the other means. The real issue is definitely conjugations and everything. If someone is trying to learn any Yugo language, they’re out of luck since hardly anybody that speaks the language uses perfect grammar, let alone can teach the language.
@@HeroManNick132 Покушајмо се разумјети! Имам проблема са разумевањем македонског. Срећом могу само користити Српску типковничу да вам олакшам. I’m sure that will infuriate every single south slav, regardless of which one but it’s always nice knowing we can cross over so easily. But like you say, slovenian is a mystery, they have so many of the same words as Croatian but pronounce them super differently and with very different grammar.
@@KajMenePitas Who was forced to speak what? As a matter of fact, during Yugoslavia, Bosnian Croats mostly spoke their own regional dialects, but now they're really trying their best to sound like HRT newscasters, to distinguish themselves from the ''other'' people who speak their regional dialect, I guess. Nothing funnier than a Livnjak speaking ijekavian.
@@Eulers_Identity Basically some Polish guy posted a tweet about if Russia can annex Donbas, then Czechia should annex Kaliningrad. Then some Czechs caught the wind of it and proceeded to spread it. The only basis for the whole territory that Czechia has is that the city of Köningsberg was erected in honor of the Bohemian king Otakar II. A bunch of memes was posted, Twitter account for the "Territory of Královec" was created with tweets of elections where 97% of citizens of Kaliningrad agreed upon joining the Czech republic, politicians and Czech army posted sarcastic tweets about incorporating the territory, USA embassy offered Czechia an aircraft carrier (that was ceremoniously named "Karel Gott"), the spokesman of the company Vodafone informed about the inclusion of the area in to their services, then even the Czech television caught the wind of it and proceeded to show the weather forecast of not only Czechia but also that of Kaliningrad. There's also been mock elections on the matter in front of the Russian embassy in Prague. Some of the other memes include photos of Russian trucks with the letter "Ř" painted on them and a sniper called "Jóžin z bažin" operating in the surrounding areas. Also apparently Russians took the joke seriously :)
Hey, I am a native Slovenian speaker so it was really interesting to hear about all of this for my language. It was very well preseneted and explained, top. I have some comments, - in the 13:00, your translation is off for uho. Uho is actually an ear, so the correct translation would be: uha "ear", ušesi "two ears", ušesa "ears". For the eyes it would be oka "eye", očesi "two eyes" and očesa/oči "eyes", they are a bit more complicated as are like a tooth/teeth and so on, - in the 13:16, "so bili odkrili" is almost never used, or at least i never heard of. We don't use any (almost) any past perfect tenses, it sounds too weird for us, even our teachers said that, - in the 13:20, "pojdi se solit" is also not that common to say, at least in most regions. we usually say: "idi se solit", the translatation is the same. other than that, your video very lovely and well preseneted, keep up the good work and thank you for talking about our language! It means a lot because not many people know Slovenian, exept for Slovenians ofc with the population of 2.2M hahah
Being Polish and having played League of Legends in Czech, I strongly believe that mutual intelligibility is by far the best feature of Slavic languages.
Why did you play LoL in Czech?
@@marcindzamroga8945 Why did he play LoL in first place
@@Matheo355 Asking the real questions
@@Aeg0r honestly if you're educated in medieval literature, you will understand Polish if you're Russian and vice versa 10x easier. Every time i play CSGO and have Russians in my team I can piece things together really quickly.
@@Aeg0r BS! I understand like 80-90% of Russian, while speaking Polish native and fluent Czech!
Yeah I'm Polish, I went to Czech on holiday and we spoke Polish and everyone understood us. We mostly understood Czech but a few words were different. Everyone understood one another. xd
yeah, everything is pronouced similiarly even though the writing seems literally impossible to learn
@@endisendis123 Yeah I mean there are a few words different like fries
didnt know they were THAT similair,cool
for example I understand most of polish, but I know many people that dont understand shit in polish. It changes throuout regions and also education I guess xd
@@Luckenw yh xd
double negative is more like typical for Slavic languages in general not just individual Slavic languages
English also has a double negative( we DONT need NO education), but this is not a literary form.
@@jedowampo5431 "we DON'T need NO education" these phrases are super confusing for me in English, I always have to think about that like 5 minutes, also even in Czech langauge, it's better to not use double negative if you can avoid that which you mostly can, sentence will be much more clear then.
I just didnt notice that rnglish doesnt really have them bc they were a normal thing for me and i didnt really think abt it
@@algirdasltu1389 That's one of the first things which English teacher says to you in school - you can't use double negative in English, but from what I see in texts even from native speakers, it's not really true.
@@Pidalin Ukrainian language loves double negatives, although often it is enough to say simply жодний(žodnyj) , but...
Поздрав за всичси славянски братя и сестри .От Бълария.Зажалост виждам тук много хора които са изкарват повече словяни от други .Не трябва така трябва да сме едно .Въпреки различията .Да си имаме уважението едни на други .❤Ви всички .
поздрав од Македонија ✌️
@@anedzerixo Поздрав и за теб Ангел.Бъди жив и здрав ти и семейството ти .
Я з України і десь половину слів зрозумів :)
@@Stariy_PiratЕ нормално е това Брате с други думи имаме езикът и азбуката а те се променят.Под влиянието на други .Пък и може би защото найстина първите Българи са Скити .Но след създаването на модерната Българска нация от 9 век между Българи и Славяни имаме различия от чистите славяни но мисля че за 11. Века може да се каже о и аз лично се смятам за Славянин
пък и всеки език има чуждици .Тоест чужди думи .!Поздрав ❤ог България
Я из Оркастана! Нихуя не понял, ведь русские больше финно-угры чем славяне. ZVO
Hi, thank you for the video.
I'm Czech, I was born in Czechoslovakia and I have to say Czech and Slovak languages were never considered the same language. They were (and still are) considered "mutually intelligible" but definitely not the same. It was that way because everyone was exposed to both Czech and Slovak on a daily basis, mainly on TV, in books etc. so people generally understood the other language but they generally couldn't actively speak it without mistakes, they would instead often come up with made-up words or phrases that would only "sound Slovak" to them but that were not truly Slovak 😉
I had a similar problem when I had to study Russian as a kid at school (before the Velvet Revolution in 1989), sometimes I wasn't sure if I used a genuine Russian word or if I only accidentally made something up in my head that sounded vaguely "Russian" to my Czech ears 😁(since both languages use similar words here and there).
Я хочу получше разобраться. Поэтому мне интересно: почему Чехословакия распалась? Во времена Чехословакии язык был один?
@@xjiopec Jak už bylo řečeno výše, jazyky byly dva a díky tomu se Češi naučili rozumét slovenštině a naopak. A dodnes lze v Česku používat slovenštinu jako úřední jazyk.
@@Tomanprg Боже мой. Я читал очень медленно и понял каждое твоё слово, которое ты написал. То е Чешкий?
@@xjiopec Československo se rozpadlo z rozhodnutí našich politiků. Slováci jsou dost nacionalističtí, Češi mají rádi svůj klid. Máme každý svou mentalitu.
@@tomasmalin добро, благодарствую.
As a bulgarian, I can only say to those who want to learn our language "Thank you for your interest and sorry for making it difficult for you."
Especially nodding must be a suicidal effort ;)
@@TheKucapacathat whole nodding thing is a myth mate
това важи включително и за самите нас 😁
Why difficult? You guys have no noun declension
@@Flintob literally made it the easiest Slavic language by doing that
Proto-Slavic: *azъ
Bulgarian: Az
Slovene: Jaz
Everyone else: Ja
Bulgarian: Why are you all looking at me, I'm not the weird one
Proto-Slavic "I" most likely had the quality of [(j)æ:zʊ̆]. The palatal [j] consonant can can even be seen in a few very peculiar Bulgarian dialects, namely the Rhodopean ones.
Az' is the same in old Russian too.
@@korana6308 true, but that was a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic so not exactly native
@@CommonCommiestudios I mean you could be debating for a long time, what is "native" and what is not... Are the Latin names of the months native? or not ? but they've been used at least for a thousand years in Russian. Is Az' native?
But it has been used by the Russian Czars in transcripts i. e. Az' esm' czar - I am Czar... The line is really blurred here because unfortunately there is not that many studies on our Slavic languages... Slavs were more preoccupied with fighting each other rather then all coming together and actually researching it's history and languages etc. Though you need money and resources to do scientific work and research so that's natural that Russia and Russian language did the most in that field. However still not enough , and Communist revolution for the most part made it even harder for Russian linguists to research it's Slavic roots and language history.
@@korana6308 by "native" I meant "directly inherited", I should have expressed myself better
There have been attempts to create a so-called Interslavic "medžuslovjansky jezyk" language. It is the closest thing I have seen, heard, and, most importantly, understood so far, although the language is not used in practice. But if it were to start being used... that would be a game changer.
There is an interslavic channel and it's pretty cool
That actually would be so cool
A big mistake was the inclusion of russian vocabulary in this "międzysłowiański" language. This is the same if you try to create a Inter-German language from German, English and Swedish, which will not be understood by anyone. Because the East Slavic languages are as far from the Western and South Slavic languages as the Scandinavian languages are from German, Dutch and English. The Inter-Slavic language had to be formed on the basis of Western and South Slavic languages for the communication of Poles, Czechs and Slovaks with Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, Montenegrins and Bulgarians. And the Eastern Slavs would have to learn it if they also want to communicate with the European Slavs.
@@Ustash88I see you got political here
Slav-slovo-word
Meaning to communicate to include not exclude
If you want to exclude GTFO PRETTY PLEASE
if you want to include
Youre welcome to join
A lot of words from slovenian language is mutualy inteligible with the russian, like slovenian "pozabit" with the russian "забыть-zabit"
Also languages spoken in croatia montenegro bosnia and serbia (which you neatly forgot to mention🤔🤦) are one single language, with three or more dialects per territory
Wish you a political free inclusion and understanding
Otherwise GTFO!!!
Best regards
@@bugz7149 I mentioned Croats, so it didn't make sense to additionally mention Serbs, Montenegrins and Bosniaks, since they all speak the same language as the Croats. Language is always politics. Therefore, in one case one language is declared to be a dialect of another, as in the case of Bavarian, Tyrolean, Cantonese, Rusinian (Carpathian-rusinian), and in other cases the same language is declared to be two different languages, as in the case of Serbo-Croatian, Urdu and Hindi, Moldavian and Romanian, Finnish and Karelian, Azerbaijani and Turkish. The reason lies solely in the political aspect. A language is a dialect that has its own state and its own army.
Corrections:
Czech and Slovak were only *officially* considered to be one Czechoslovak language between 1920-1938, but afterwards considered to be different languages, even while Czechoslovakia was still around.
The majority of people in Belarus *probably* don't speak Belarusian natively, but a majority of people think of Belarusian as their mother tongue, which is why so many people put it as native
Old Church Slavonic has been attested since the 800s, the 9th Century, NOT the 1800s
5:35 should be плаваю instead of палаваю
11:18 “vskétat” should be “vzkvévat”
13:00 these all mean ear, not eye, eye is “oko”
"vskétat" at 11:18 should be "vzkvétat"
13:00 - "uho" means 'ear', not 'eye'. 'eye' is "oko"
Can you do next one on finnic languages?
Old Church Slavonic was devised around the 16th century on the basis of the Old Bulgarian language invented in the 9th century (very often identified as the same language).
@@mmogamesfan Also as the official spoken Russian language from 862 to the Soviet language reform in 1923
Czech and Slovak were deffinitely not considered the same language during the existence of Czechoslovakia. Also, Czech might be somewhat significantly influenced by latin, but its often striking when other Slavs talk to the Czechs how many archaic words the language presserved that even other slavic languages lost long time ago. Deffinitely true about the German infuence tho, Czechs always appreciated the short and easy German expressions, they make our rztrdrzzrtd conversations easier.
I'm a Bulgarian and lived in Czechia(don't jump about this name - it was always called like that in BG, finally it's normal in English too :D ) for about 4 years. Slovak is a lot easier on the ears to me. Written they are the same(as in neither seems harder or easier), but the Slovak pronunciation was a lot easier to grasp. Definitely not the same language. I need like 3 words to be able to tell which one is which, despite not being fluent in either. I've witnessed how easy it is for you both to communicate with each other. In my opinion these are the closest pair of languages if we don't count the ex-yu ones as separate. One question though - do you have to adjust a bit your speech when talking to a Slovak? As in speak slower, pick specific expressions that you know he/she will understand as opposed to ones you'd know are uniquely cz? This is what I do when talking to macedonians/other ex-yu. I end up speaking some frankenstein :D
@@a.n.6374 So as a Czech I would say we can talk with Slovaks in a normal way as we would with other Czechs. I'm from a generation that was born after the split of Czechoslovakia, so we weren't really exposed to the Slovak media, but we can still understand them in 95% of cases. When there is a communication problem it's usually the Slovak person that uses a synonym or even the Czech word, because their TV shows and movies are very often played with Czech dubbing. For example one time my friend told me to jump over that "peň" over there, and I was like what, so she just said the Czech word "kmen" which means tree trunk. I've never heard "peň" in my entire life up to that point but she knew the exact Czech word for it 😆
@@janslavik5284 ha, it is exactly the same word in Polish, just written differently, 'pień'. I have noticed that people exposed to one additional Slavic language have it easier to pick up familiar words in others. Both my sister and my mother studied Russian (they never got very good at it) and they had it easier to understand both Czechs and Slovaks than I and others who never studied any Slavic language did. So it might also be that Slovaks are surrounded by other Slavic countries, are a small country, so they might be exposed to them. Because most Slovaks I have met could understand Polish pretty well.
@@adapienkowska2605 totally. I they might be the most able to understand other Slavic languages from us all. They grow up watching Czech TV programs, they have an enormous variety of dialects in their own language so they pick up many archaic Slavic words there and so on. And it's still quite normal to study Russian there, wheres in CZ people usually don't want to have anything to do with anything Russian other than Tolstoy and other classical authors...
@@a.n.6374 "finally it's normal in English too". As a native speaker of English I can tell you that we very rarely use the name Czechia. It's hard to explain but it just sounds weird to our ears. There is also the point that we resent outsiders dictating to us which words we should and shouldn't use in our own language. I'll say Czechia if Czechs stop saying Anglie when speaking to each other in Czech and replace it with something of our choice. Ingland?
I'm a Czecho-Canadian and I love anything to do with slavic linguistics. It was a great video! Thank you.
It must be interesting to be a part of both countries. I supoose you live in Canada, right?
I'm Czech born raised in Germany and I love discovering comments from people globally having the same roots as me. All the best to you 💙♥️🤍
@@hunteractually3637 Yeah, in Canada. I don't know about interesting. There isn't a huge Czech community like there is for other groups (Poles and Russians especially). But it's surprising how often you'll bump into Czechs and Slovaks on the street.
ŘřřŕřřřřŔ
@@HBon111 You should mention ukrainian comunity in Canada.
As a Slovene, it's very interesting to hear that our vowels are the most complex, that's something I'd never considered before. Especially in written text, they usually look simpler than in other Slavic languages. We only use a,e,i,o,u, and only rarely add accents when it's necessary to disambiguate between similar-sounding words.
Baje je še najbolj zafrknjeno.
Moja profesorica za Slovenščino bi te tepla.
Slovenščina je pomojem še najbolj zajeban slovanski jezik.
Js sem mislil, da je 8 fonemskih samoglasnikov kr standard za slovanske jezike, ampak je norma 5 samoglasnikov + polglasnik. Ločenje širokega in ozkega o in e, je prisotno samo v slovenščini od slovanskih jezikov pa večino jezikov ima 5/6 samoglasnikov. V bistvu smo Slovenci edini, ki znamo rečit /mleko/ in se vsi ostali sam poskušajo površno približat tej besedi s tem, da izgovorijo blizu ležeci samoglasnik (ali i, ali široki e) al pa poskušajo neko oralno gimnastiko z raznimi dvozvočniki od "ije" do "ie" do "je" etc.
*Pokaže na druge slovane.*
Look at what they do to mimic a fraction of our power!
@@zigabizjak5234 razloži mi, zakaj misliš, da je slovenščina zajebana
Hi, I'm a native speaker of Russian, from Belarus, but can speak Belarusian too.
The Belarusian part was very accurate, except there was a small mistake. The majority of people don't speak Belarusian natively, but a majority of people think of Belarusian as their language, which is why so many people put it as native. Similar to Ukrainian, g is pronounced ɣ, not g.
The Russian new vocative case can also be used for non-kinship terms, like names. For example Оля (Olia) is said as Оль (Ol') sometimes.
👍
звательный падеж есть ещё в анахроничных словах. Например: отче, боже, княже, друже и т.д
@@pozhiloy_monstr Да, но про него в видео всё сказано
Belarussian still has the W sound, written as Y with an apostrophe above, something rare so up north. In Russian it tends to be either "L" or "V" instead.
seems like this is a common round about mutation, as in Serbian it is the opposite, the L changes to W.
Man, I am so sad about the state of Belarusian. Easily the most beautiful of the eastern slavic languages. At least in my eyes.
the research that went into this is insane! One thing I would point out as Czech, "čau" is used as very informal, you'd say that to your friends not in a shop etc. At the end of the video, the goodbyes in all the languages are formal, Czech equivalent would be "Nashledanou" literally - wishing we see each other again / until we see each other again (which is the exact same meaning in most of the other languages too). Fun fact, you'd end a phone conversation with a similar "Naslyšenou" which replaces "see" for "hear"
A petition to make „čau“ a formal greeting please, as my italian heart would be very happy about that.
@@petralichka6745 isn't it the same in Czech (and others) as in Italian though? Dobrý den / Nashledanou x Čau vs Buon giorno / Arrivederci x Ciao
Good point and "Na shledanou" is two words.
@@isabelaatenska sorry, my bad
The Polish goodbye used ("Na razie", which literally translated means something like "as of now", "so long" would probably be a good English equivalent.) is also a highly informal one. The formal version is "Do widzenia." ("till seeing")
For something unique to Slovak, someone already mentioned the rhythmic shortening, which is a rule that forbids two long syllables directly after each other.
Long syllables are any syllables containing á, é, í, ó, and ú, as well as the four officially recognised diphthongs: ia, ie, iu, and ô (/uo/). The letter Ô is also unique to Slovak, and emerged after a reform which merged the /uo/ diphthong.
Some examples of rhythmic shortening in Slovak (in contrast to Czech, which lacks this rule):
Láskam (to the loves) - incorrectly láskám (this would be Czech)
Skákanie (the jumping) - as opposed to the incorrect skákánie and the Czech skákání
ĺ and ŕ are also considered long syllables: Tŕň (thorn), kĺb (joint).
Other than the rhythmic shortening, Slovak also has a very extensive list of special words we call vybrané mená (lit. selected words). You see, in Slovak, the i and y vowels are read the same phonetically as /i/, but they have very distinct (and very annoying) grammatical role in words. They are called the the ‘soft i’ and the ‘hard y’. The soft i, if placed after a hard consonant (d,t,n,l), causes the consonant to soften. This is done in order to avoid writing too many unnecessary soft marks ◌̆. Additionally, the vowel e also works as a softener.
De, te, ne, le, di, ti, ni, li would be pronounced /ďe, ťe, ňe, ľe, ďi, ťi, ňi, ľi/. For the record, seeing it written this is generally an eyesore and generally a very hard faux pas when it comes to standard Slovak writing.
How does this connect to the selected words? Well, they are words which are specifically written with the hard y, and I’ve heard they are remnants from the past, so generally very old slavic words that simply had to be denounced into this category in order to preserve their original pronunciation. Examples: bylina (herb), umyť (to wash), rytier (knight)
There’s lots of stuff I’m omitting, because Slovak grammar is giving everyone, including middle schoolers and middle aged mothers on Facebook very real nightmares, but that is the gist of it. Hope you liked my infodumping, and if not… well, just be happy you don’t have to learn Slovak in Slovak primary schools. Yeesh. I am still traumatised.
som Slovak ale po slovensky neznam.rozlisit dva a dve je pre mna nemozne ale matura bola za 1 taze pohodaaa
@@marelsheesh5618 ''neznam'' je skor polske slovo ako slovenske, radsej povedz ''neviem'', ale az na to s tebou plne suhlasim xD
How does slovak eastern dialect compare with its own language and other languages influenced by?
@@kevinio The "eastern" dialect is a collection of dialects - there are actually 6 slightly different ones - Abov, Gemer, Saris, Spis, Horny (upper) and Dolny (lower) Zemplin. All of these have some, sometimes significant, distinctions and they are influenced by different languanges (i.e. Hungarian, German, Ukrainian, or Polish). There are some minor distinctions even within regions from town to town, but long story short - some words are vastly different to the point of being illegible to the native Slovak speaker who is not at all familiar with the given dialect.
That being said, the western dialects are also diverging from the proper Slovakian, but they tend to be more alike Czech or Polish and thus are more legible to the official language.
The official language is based on the Central Slovak dialect, so the dialect used in this region is heavily overlapping with the proper/official language by default (again, there are distinctions between regions and even towns, but they are significantly less pronounced in the central retions, than with the eastern/western dialects).
beka z ciebie
I'm from Slovenia. I like that you talk about this languages. Good job!👏
As a Slavic person natively speaking the Bulgarian language and trying to master Old Church Slavonic, some real good stuff man 😎
That can be pretty hard, the change from Old Church Slavonic to Modern Bulgarian is unseen in any other Slavic language. lmao it was the fault of that Bulgar-Slayer, many Greek features (like Definite Article) started pouring in.
If I ever learn Russian well enough I would like to see how it would feel to learn a Slavic language without the case torture honestly
Is there "Dual Number" in OCS ??
And if so - is it only in Nouns (and adjectives) and Numerals - or in Verbs too (conjugation person/number/gender/time) ??
@@waldemarwojnicki6781 Yes, both in nouns and verbs.
@@Nick-us8qh So Slovene language is present OCS. Even Bulgarian student told me, that we speak as Bulgarian iun middle ages - OCs maybe?
After the first Russian state, the Kievan Rus', got destroyed by the Mongols, Western Rus' was colonized by the Poles and they forced Polonozation onto the languages of Western Rus', that later developed into modern day Belarusian and Ukrainian. While the language in Eastern and Northen Rus' (modern day Russian) continued its development with a heavy Old Church Slavonic influence. So Bulgarian and Russian have preserved their OCS origins.
For Slovak language you may add letters as "ô" which a believe is pretty unique and when compared do some other slavic languages, also "ä". There's also a rhythmic law/rule meaning two long syllables cannot occur consecutively (which includes also those with ia/ie/iu/ô ) although there are minor exceptions here and there, ofc. That's just from the top of my head, I may add some more, if I remember to :)
and Slovak language have longest alphabet
He didn't really make his homework for Slovak language. And I'm even ignoring his claim that Slovak and Czech were considered to be the same language.
It was pretty annoying to hear him pretty much say that Slovak and Czech are completely same and completely left out everything. There are many differences which makes Slovak language different and wonderful in it's own way just like for any other language, I can't see why he ignored it but whatever. 😄
I agree, he definitely didnt make his "homework" on Slovak langage
also these: ď ť ň ľ ;)
"Ne" and "Не" working pretty same in every slavic language, you can use almost for every word in sentences, but there are differencies in writing like Czech writes it together "nebudu" and for example russian writes "не буду", meaning same
In Russian language you can ignore for the most part those separations. As there is almost no distinction between those variants (only in grammatical sense), just a specific grammatical rule which gives more flexibility to mean a specific thing in a written sentence. i. e. you can construct a perfectly legal Russian word like "nebuduvshik" meaning someone who always says "ne budu" or even "Nebudka", there's one word that actually exists like "nezabudka" ( ne - za - bud - ka), which is a name of a flower which translates to "not forgettable" and that name has been used in classical literature quite often.
You can write "небуду" - "nebudu" in Russian together , and everyone would understand it's meaning in a sentence. But it would just be grammatically incorrect.
Nie będzie, nie będę ;)
@@volkhen0, hey, bro. Could you tell me, please: how do negative sentences work in Polish? Like, an english sentence "I've never been to there" translates into a russian one as "Ja nikogda nie byl tam" literally "I've never not been to there". Is it the same story to your language?
@@НепоНял-э6п in Polish it’s “Nigdy tam nie byłem” which translates directly to “Never there no was”. We skip “ja” as it’s obvious from the ending of “byłem” that it’s about yourself. You can add „ja” in the beginning to emphasize that You wasn’t there in the answer to someone who says “I was there” and ask’s you: “and you?”.
Generally you just add “nie” before the verb.
I really like that you talk about Silesian which is often overlooked in language videos about Slavic languages
Much love to the Silesian and Sorbian speakers
Interesting video. Just a note - even in times of Czechoslovakia, Czech and Slovak were not considered as one language. For some time, the official language was the virtual "Czechoslovak language", which had two varieties: the Czech one and the Slovak one. It didn't mean that they were one language though. Things were written in both languages, not only one. Both languages were present everywhere, because they were not the same language. The so called Czechoslovak language was nonexisten, it was an artificial name. Just like the Czechoslovak nation was artificial, nonexistent and created only to convince the world powers that both nations were actually one, that needed to have its own country. It was a trick.
I know this is a dumb question that probably has a million different nuanced reasons, and subject to opinion, but what exactly was the motivation for Czechoslovakia to be considered a single unitary country?
The concept of a multi-ethnic state isn't exactly strange to me, the UK is basically an amalgamation of Celts, Saxons, Danes and wannabe French Norsemen...
I'm just curious why this specific state came to be.
@@rorychivers8769 They wanted to have their own state, to separate from Austria-Hungary. To achieve that, they needed to prove the majority of people living here are of one nationality. That wasn't possible, as there were Czechs, Germans, Slovaks, Hungarians... Once they established a Czechoslovak nationality, they could add Czechs and Slovaks and voila, numbers are much better!
Plus there were probably some seeds for it in that in the early stages of the national revival(s) in the first half of the 19th century, they did work closely together, before the Slovaks went "hey, we're our own nation, thanks for the ideas, we'll take it from here."
(Roughly speaking.)
For example, Slovak Protestant churches used to use (I think they don't anymore) a 16th century Czech Bible translation (the Kralice Bible), so the connections have been there for a long time (since the time of Great Moravia really, it straddled the current political border). But the two countries have a lot of separate history, more than the common one in the long run, so that wins out both politically and in terms of overall culture.
@@rorychivers8769 Not a dumb question at all. I agree with both answers people have already give you. Actually, one of the first plans for Czechoslovakia was to create a country similar to the UK, with autonomy for Slovakia.
Slovaks and Czechs were allies, close nations with quite different history. Czechs wanted their old Bohemian kingdom back, Slovaks wanted autonomy in Hungarian kingdom.
The WWI was the opportunity for the nations in Austria-Hungary to become independent, but to create two small countries Czechia and Slovakia was scary - Slovaks were afraid of Hungarians, Czechs were afraid of Germans, so in Czechoslovakia they both would be stronger together.
But because there were much more Germans then Slovaks in Czechoslovakia, the politicians created the idea that Czechs and Slovaks were actually one nation that needed to live in one country.
Even if Germans were the second biggest ethnic group, Czechs together with Slovaks, as "Czechoslovaks", were the majority and could have the right for their own country.
Not true, in the first constitution of Czechoslovakia, there was written "Czechoslovak language", same as "Czechoslovak nation". But technicaly they were two different languages, the reason why they wrote that that way was to make us a majority in the country, Czechoslovaks could over number local Germans and to make them minority.
I'm Serbian, and I live in Spain where at one point I enrolled in Spanish classes. The teacher was part Serbian, so he was also able to explain to me specific Spanish grammar rules that got many students confused. He pointed out how Serbian has been heavily influenced by Latin grammar (due to being part of the Roman Empire) so we incorporated some grammatical structures, which the Russian and English students in the class were not able to comprehend (like reflexive verbs or those two different futures). I normally translate from English to Spanish in my head, but my teacher told me that it is better to translate from Serbian as the grammatical structure is more close to
that of Spanish.
It was after the collapse of the Roman Empire that the Serbians came, but yeah they mixed with Latin speakers probably.
Russians also have all those different tenses, but nobody explain at school how do they form. 4 future tenses as well :))
Guys can you please stop with all those vague accusations of Russian language not having this or that. Every time you are just being wrong. At least give us an example of what you mean. So that Russian people can tell if they have something or not because I am willing to bet that Russian language has it...
"Reflexive verbs" are COMMON in any given Northern Slavic language (W and Eastern) also - Reflexive verbs DO EXIST in German, and they Used to Exist - in Old English (befor Norman Conquest)
How did your teacher think Serbian was influenced by Latin because of the land now known as Serbia had been part of the Roman empire, given that Serbia and Serbians appear on that land almost half a Millennium after the Latin Romans sent away and Serbian as a language even later?
One could argue that Serbian has some common features with Latin speaking countries today. But that's because it's surrounded by countries, which are part of the Balkan Sprachbund.
OH MY FELLOW!!
This video REALLY WAS SOMETHING!!
You really tried to do many of the sounds here. That was impressive!
And the editing to put an audio of some of the sounds was so fluid!!
And this is just a silly thought, but I couldn't keep myself from pausing the video everytime I wanted to see a bit more of detail in each new screen.
GREAT VIDEO!!!
Don't worry, you are not alone. I paused and rewinded like 50 times
Fun fact:
If you recall Life of Bryan, there is scene, where he improperly writes "Romanes, eunt domus" on the wall and is punished by passing centurion to correct it to "Romani, ite domum", which sounds extremely similar to Slavic version of the phrase.
Czechs would say "Římané, jděte domů"
Yep. In Polish: "Rzymianie, idźcie do domu". Very simmilar indeed.
"Romans, return home", isn't too far off either. It's nuts how similar the core of IE languages still are
For anyone who is also a nerd here are some interesting facts about the Bulgarian language.
One that is often ignored, especially by foreign linguists but it's called Present Historical Time. It describes past actions in the present tense and it's mostly used, as the name suggests to describe historical actions.
Example: България е основана през 681г. (Bulgaria was founded in the year 681.) Where we use the present е основана, instead of the past е била основана.
What you described as evidentially is actually more complex and it refers to a lot of different tenses
Past Complete Time is used to describe actions that have certainly finished before the moment of speaking.
Past Incomplete Time is used to describe actions that have started in the past but the speaker is unsure if they have finished in the present.
Past Uncertain Time is used to describe past actions which have been completed in an uncertain moment in the past but we can observe the result.
Past Preliminary Time is used to describe actions that were completed before other past actions or a given moment.
Then there are also the future tenses called Future Time, Future Preliminary Time, Future Time in the Past and Future Preliminary Time in the Past.
Future is pretty self-explanatory.
Future Preliminary time is used to describe a future action that will happen before another future action or a given future moment.
Future Time in the Past is used to describe actions that would've happened in the past but didn't. It's considered a future tense because of the grammar used.
Future Preliminary Time in the Past is used to describe actions that would've happened but didn't because of a specific actions or reason. It's a bit hard to understand if you don't speak the language.
Another cool thing is the doubling forms, where a word has two official ways to be written or pronounced.
Example: обеци, обици(earnings)
Also I promise I won't bother you too much with dialects, mostly because Bulgarian dialects are a hundred times more complex than the language but I wanna mention that on top of regional dialects we have professional dialects used by people working in specific professions. They could range from people just using certain words such as Tricker dialect, used by professional criminals, to having a mixture of foreign and Bulgarian accents and grammar such as Computerdjiski dialect, to having artificially created accent specific for those professions, which is the case for actors, news presenters and PSA announcers. That accent is called Proper Speech and it was made to be the most comprehensible way to speak the language.
Lastly even though old Bulgarian is considered a lost language (thanks Turks) from the little we could uncover it was very similar to Old Church Slavonic, to the point some linguists consider them the same. That also makes sense due to historical reasons and here comes a slight correction. The Glagolic was created with Slavs in mind and during Christianation Bulgarian churches originally adopted the Glagolic so they don't preach in Greek, but since Bulgaria was a multiethnic state Glagolic proved too hard for non-slavs so a simplified version of the Glagolic was created called the Cyrrilic by one of Cyrril and Methodius's students called Kliment of Ohrid.
Old Church Slavonic is not similar to Old Bulgarian, it WAS Old Bulgarian. Its disappearance from daily use is not related at all to the Turks. It had evolved to Middle Bulgarian long before they even arrived on the Balkans.
The Cyrillic was certainly not created by Clement. Clement just created a simplified version of the Glagollic. The earliest definite evidence of Cyrillic being used that we have is from Pliska around the time of Clement's death. Additionally, the literary school in Ohrid was among the last ones to start using it, a lot after Clement's death, which wouldn't make sense if he created it. But the earlier you go into Bulgarian and Balkan history in general, the more arguments and asserted misconceptions there are.
Your description of Past Incomplete Time is incorrect. It refers to an action that has happened in the past before the moment of speaking but it has not been finished then and therefore continues to happen in the past before the moment of speaking.
i dont like bulgarian. it is too simple. it is the esperanto of slavic.
I would rather learn 9+ tenses of bulgarian, the cases of other slavic languages are much more complex and even irrational sometimes.
There was also a very interesting Polаbian language in what is now northern Germany. This language died out in the 19th century, but a lot of information about it remains. It had a lot of German borrowings and sounds and it sounded very interesting.
Do you mean Sorbian?
@@ummelofilo9642 I think he means Polabian or Slovincian language
@@ummelofilo9642 No I'm talking about the polabian language
@@user-xg9yg8kg7i I see.
Polabian was not Polish. It was closer to Sorbian than Polish.
hi
as a bulgarian, thank you for complimenting our flag, I agree it looks pretty nice and I'm proud to live in the country that uses it :)
macedonia better
@@dangermanq7 when did I ever mention macedonia mate
@@AlexEEZ i mean you mentioned bulgaria (which we owned)
@@dangermanq7 why do you gotta start this for literally no reason at all when you could've easily just minded your own business
I didn't say anything negative about macedonia to begin with, the whole "macedonia used to "own" bulgaria" is a-whole-nother story which I honestly don't care about
@@dangermanq7 I appreciate your country as much as any other, I'm just proud to live in my own.
Yo, I'm Belarusian here and just wanna say thank for putting effort into learning info about our language.
Дзякую, сябар ❤
Ja navat nia čakaŭ pabačyć tam našuju movu!
@@barb-pu2ig Ага, надзіва, яна там ёсць :D
I don't know why, but I just become so happy every time slavic languages get attention and their time to shine!
I'm russian myself, I don't have any problem understanding ukrainian most of the time, little less I understand belorusian. The next i'd say would be serbo-croatian, but all the others sound unfamiliar, especially czech. Czech sounds so beautiful, I'd say it's the prettiest slavic language, but I can't understand a word they say
I was so surprised and amased when found out Inter-slavic language - all slavic people understand 90% of it!
@@keiralum1797 I understand 100% of it but oh well. I'm Bulgarian so that's obvious. Also Russian people should theoretically have no problems understanding Bulgarian at almost 100%, and vice versa. Excluding false friends like гора-лес (Bulgarian also has лес, but it's so to say obsolete) and гора-планина (yep, very different word). But generally speaking, they are 95% intelligible. Except Russian is a little easier to learn. Not so much because our verb system is hard but okay, Russian has less exceptions than Bulgarian (in general). Also we haven't truly lost our cases. You can see remants of the genitive case in our father's names and last names, as well as other words that we consider "adjectives". We still have all the other 5 cases. But they're called adjectives because not every single word keeps them. Just see how many exceptions we have. You're gonna feel even worse. :D
Russian seems to be a low dynamic, "phlegmatic" language, unlike fast Western or South Slavic languages, its dynamics resembles Orthodox Church songs.
As Serbian, i can say that Slovakian is very easy to read, and just little harder to listen, Polish is not understandable to me, and Russian is around 50% that I understand. South slavic languages are all very similar and if you know older versions of Serbian, pre communistic Yougoslavian reformes to flaten the differences between Serbian and Croatian dialects you can very easy understand Bulgarian and Macedonaian. If you grow as spoled city dweller using flat accentuation and slang, you will hav no idea what people are saying if you move 100km away from your city.
For poles it’s understanding czech, but that’s it
Idk why but when Slavic languages get some attention I become so happy :D Such a cool video❤
Maybe because you are a slav?
Аз не знам нищо. БГ
I speak Ukrainian, Russian and Polish, hence I lived in Slovakia using mix of them to communicate with people, who don't speak English. Worked really well. I just said the same word in a different language, hoping it would resemble the same meaning in Slovak. I remember word "paradajki" - tomatoes, which totally differ from any known by me language. Hence, yes, it is true, knowing 1 or several you can understand and read in others. For me personally, Belorussian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Slovak are the easiest one to understand and Slovenian is the hardest one.
@@HeroManNick132 croatian, bosnian and montenegrin are serbian
@@HeroManNick132 absolutely agree, maybe I just never actually saw them, as I never been in balcan country outside of eu
In Austrian German that´s "Paradeiser" for tomato. I am from Germany but I know that word. I just do not know if it is still very much used in Austria who speak their German language very close to ours.
@@ruedigernassauer, I was told it when I was in Bratislava this summer. I don't know if it's used, but it was probably influenced by German, as they were in the same country 110 years ago. for me it's crazy that Lviv in Ukraine and Milano in Italy were part of one country a few generations ago, cannot get it.
А ты русскоязычный чи как?
Wow you made a really good work! You even mentioned Rusyn, Silesian, Kashubian, Sorbian and Old Church Slavonic - WOW :D
I am czech and I have to correct few things:
11:19 - vskétat should be vzkvétat
czech has one diphtong in its alphabet and it is CH ... more slavic languages has this unique sound but I haven`t seen it nor in the general traits neither in czech diphtongs.
But again - you made really good job, most of the people wouldn`t even consider speaking about Rusyn or Sorbian or Old Church Slavonic.
Fun fact - did you know that you can download old church slavonic keyboard to your phone? 🤪
Just a heads up, there's a mistake in the slovenian part of the video. It says that "uho" means "eye" when it actually means "ear". Eye would be "oko", so I can definitely see how that got mixed up.
It's the exact samo in Bulgarian, turns out these languages are way more similar than I thought
Pa res. Še sam nisem opazil, pa sem zelo pozorno spremljal drsnice… natančno oko imaš😉
Almost international words for slavic people :))
And almost same in ukrainian (vuho- ear, оko- eye)
Ear is in Slovak Ucho
And eye is the same
Slavic languages are very similiar
As a Russian native-speaker, I'd like to add that in addition to French borrowings, we have many words from German.
Byustgalter (Büstenhalter), Bukhgalter (Buchhalter), Galstuk (Halstuch), Parikmakher (Parückmacher = Friseur), Schlagbaum, Buterbrod (Butterbrot), Lager' (Lager), verstak (Werkstatt), lozung (Losung), soldat (Soldat), shtraf (Strafe), Kurort (Kurort) etc.
It happened to us because of the Empress Yekaterina II who was from Germany and encouraged German immigration to Russia. In fact, Germans was a significant ethnic minority in USSR. After its demolition they were enabled to leave for Germany and a lot of them did. But their presence is still reflected in our language. Thank you for video!
На самом деле из-за революции в России и появилась неприязнь Германии к России, потому что в то время в царской семье было весьма много людей с немецкими корнями из-за развитых связей с Европой со времен Петра 1 и как раз таки любви к Германии у Екатерины 2, можно сказать во времена ее правления почти все строительство жилого и культурного сектора было направлено на привлечение германцев к жизни в России.
Картофель - Kartoffel
Недавно узнал, что "ярмарка" тоже немецкое, хотя в массовом сознании связано со стародавними временами
@@manman7985 социологический опрос как то раз показал, что русских не любят больше всего болгары и шведы. Почему вы македонцев обзываете руськами и что это значит? То, что "кириллицу" придумали болгары является церковной фальсификацией.
You also have hundreds of Polish words (massive borrowings of the 17th and 18th centuries), and what's more, you also borrowed many German, French and Latin words through Polish (among other things, because no literature or scientific works were published until the times of Peter the Great in Russian, and instead, books published in Poland were read in Russia.
The ending at 19:09 is funny since both Czech and Slovak have Čau and Zbohom (Sbohem in Czech). However "čau" means "bye", while "zbohom" means "farewell", so it seems like you are telling us a casual goodbye followed up by "we'll never talk to you again" :D
And more literal translation of sbohem is "with God"
Do you really say „z bogiem” in the most atheistic country in the world?
@@volkhen0 Yeah, it is becoming less usuall, but even I as atheist sometimes use it.
@@volkhen0 It lost most of it's religious connotation. There are multiple words like this, e.g. chvalabohu "thank god", preboha "oh god", bohužiaľ "godsadly"(?)...
@@volkhen0 we are saying Proboha (for the God,) Ježíšikriste (oh, Jesus) a Šmarjápanno (shortened Jesus & Maria virgin) too.
Cultural relict... ;)
Only Slavs can understand the following sentence: "Can you please translate me to the second page of the street."
it hurt
Сторону(side), а не сторінку(page)
Not by 100%, but somehow it works the same way in german, at least the part with the "page"
Wow, it really works
Ali me lahko prosim prevedeš na drugo stran ulice? The translate part doesn't quite work.
Thanks for such a detailed analysis! I never thought I'd say something like this, but I would really appreciate a longer version of this video with the same content but with more time to appreciate each language and the details :)
East Slavic
3:50 Russian
5:55 Ukrainian
7:03 Rusyn
7:41 Belarusian
West Slavic
8:30 Polish
9:40 Silesian
18:00 Kashubian
10:19 Czech
11:45 Slovak
18:20 Sorbian
South Slavic
12:29 Slovene
13:27 Serbo-Croatian
14:58 Bulgarian
16:19 Macedonian
17:21 Old Church Slavonic
17:52 Church Slavonic
Дзякуй
@@yamisa8059 Proszę
OCS and modern neomuscovite CS both belong in the south slavic category btw
@@wizardite thanks, now I edited it.
Edit: somehow my comment fell under the wrong comment. Fixing that now.
I’m glad you took time to see all our amazing languages! Greetings from Bulgaria ;))
Your language is the worst. How could you abandon noun conjugation?!
@@HeroManNick132 So you did abandon them, pesants.
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714 so what? Our language isn't less Slavic than other Slavic tongues. It makes it a bit more simple to learn, doesn't it?
@@RadzBG honestly all the better. I have hard time even with the modern version
And where are you from? If you're Bulgarian, I'd understand your struggles, my grammar is under every critique as we here say xddd
As a Montenegrin, you did a very good job explaining the fundamentals of Serbo-Croatian!❤
how about you remove yourself
@@Edv7Sonly in Serbia is serbocroatian 😂
@@SuzanaX no, in Serbia the official name of the language is Serbian
@@Edv7S i know
Awesome video! That's really surprising how much I didn't know about my own language!
Some corrections for the russian part:
4:25 "Стой" rarely means "Stand!' and it usually means something like "Stop!"
4:47 Prepositional and locative cases are basically the same, or at least I haven't ever heard people distinguishing between them
4:50 Present tense transcription is a bit of a mess, it's more like "ja - lutšaja učenica v svojom klasse"
Also worth noting that the letters я, е, ю, ё don't make the j sound most of the time (they only do so after other vowels, at the beginning of a word and after ъ and ь)
The quality of the video is really fascinating, you definitely deserve way more subs
btw "svojom" is actually pronounced "svajom"
"Стой" can be properly translated as "halt".
"Stand" would be either Вы стоят or ты стоишь, yes?
@@jodypalm303 I stand - я стою. You stand - ты стоишь/вы стоите. He/she stands - он/она стоит. They stand - они стоят. We stand - мы стоим. To stand - стоять. Stand (imperative) - "стой"/"стоять".
Id argue stoj even means stay more often than stand. I mean I had never heard it used as stand.
Very cool video, learning the history of slavic languages and why some words are different in other languages really makes it easier to further understand the languages. Thank you very much for making it, greetings from Bulgaria 🇧🇬
3:08 "Speakers of one language can often get a gist of a conversation spoken in another language."
Czech/Slovak speaker here. In case of Polish, what we get is the full conversation plus something extra.
I'm Polish and can confirm it's similar the other way round. We might not understand all, but we know what is going on and it sounds very funny to us 😂
@@AnnaEmilka we also think your word for "finding" is funny
@@krxsmy oh yes I know
@@krxsmy Szukamy dzieci w sklepie ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
@@wolframxx5580 You've got some? I'd be more than happy to help you ;) haha
It has to be a special talent to put so much information in such indigestible way
Wow, an informative video about the slavic languages that actually mentions *all* the living slavic languages and not just those who are national languages! Kudos!
"Nation" or "language" are very relative and fuzzy terms. There are no strict criteria for considering a dialect as a separate language or an ethnicity as a separate nation, and even if a nation or language has a clear identity, it is difficult to determine what else belongs to them and what does not.
This makes me wonder how would this look with latin languages, great video, very informative, I'm trying to learn russian, and this showcases a lot of stuff I needed
I'm a native Slovenian speaker, found this video by chance. I'm not a huge fan of languages, but maaaan, this is so in depth, you clearly put so much work into this I cannot even comprehend the scale. Amazing job!
I can't say I understood everything, I don't even know how I can use what I saw today irl. Maybe I'll revisit this someday. It's also interesting to hear the English translations for our languages's particularities.
For the one part I understood... you need to work on better translations, "uho" in Slovenian is ear, not eye XD
In Czech we have the same word, just pronounced "ucho" = uho ("Ch" Vs Slovenian "H")
Joke: in Czechia we eat a tons of sauces with meats and dumplings.
At primary school, they try to save on money
UHO = *Univerzální hnědá omáčka" Universal brown sauce = generic = tastes the same as any other 😅
@Andraz Sturm nevem
@Andraz Sturm uho in oko lahko nekomu, ki ni native speaker, zvenita precej podobno.
Čist res in a je sam men Mal čudn da se lahko po slovensko pogovarjamo k ns ostali ne zastopajo XD ampak pol je pa ta gumb nakonc komentarja 'translate to english' 😅 😅 adijo moji frendi
In Polish "ucho" is ear
This is really interesting. Having heard and read bits of all of the West Slavic languages and had a little look at Slovenian, it was interesting to see and hear the similarities and differences. This has gone into so much wonderful detail and has far more languages than I'd compared. It's fascinating.
As a czech i found a old lady in Slovakia she was speaking rusyn and i understood everything rusyn is pretty straightforward for a czech or slovak or at least for me😂
For Ukrainians, Rusyn sounds like the Ukrainian language, but with Slovak and Czech borrowings, to fully understand Rusyn it is enough to be a Ukrainian who has learned Czech
maybe she wasnt speaking full rusyn? ive heard rusyn and couldn't understand much
@@craftah that is very probably, because many (if not most) of old people in Slovakia who claim to speak Rusyn speak just some eastern Slovak dialect (usually Šariš one) or speak Slovak with Rusyn words...but they usually don't actually speak the proper codified version of the language
@@user-kh6lb4xf6v is the proper cofidied version even spoken by someone ? also i would say they speak more like Rusyn with Slovak words, not vice-versa.
@@letsgo9574 yes it is, but not by the majority of Rusyn speakers, considering the time of codification and the amount of Rusyn schools and media, but let's hope it will change for the better in future :) and both things (Slovak with Rusyn words, Rusyn with Slovak words) are frequent, yes (sometimes it's hard to tell which is which).
Greetings from Russia! Very interesting video, i learned a lot of new things! Thank you!
“I’m sorry if I caused any trauma for learners of Russian to resurface” HOW DID YOU KNOW !?
I’m a native Russian speaker who lives in a Scandinavian country, talking with this stuff wasn’t that hard ( though mistakes are made here and there) but WRITING…….. learning to write was hella traumatizing……especially when you start late (due to focusing on another language)…… remembering that time still makes me want to lay in the fetal position and cry.
For a slavic person its not that hard to learn Russian
But you train your brain and will never have a dementia ;)
Totally agree on that one. Oral 😌. Written 😨. Coming from a Scandinavian russian speaker
I'm in America speaking English, but I have Czech heritage and know some of the language. I am currently learning Russian. No trauma for me, especially since I already have been introduced to the basic grammar of Russian. 😄
One thing worth mentioning about Russian is that a lot of nouns have a form with a different suffix, in order to indicate that the nouns is small or “cute.” For example, “дорога”(road) would be changed to “дорожка” if you want to indicate that the road is small. Or “куб”(cube) would be changed to “кубик” for the same reason.
Kubek means "mug" in Polish. Kinda similar to that last one ("Kubik" I guess).
Oh, those Exist in Serbo-Croatian aswell! I think that they're called "Umanjine" and "Uvečina."
I really like them tbh!
@spaghettiisyummy.3623 it is called diminutive and augmentative. And there is also pejorative.
@@aurelije THERE'S AN ENGLISH WORD FOR IT? :O
@spaghettiisyummy.3623 those are linguistic terms but they originate from Latin. Similar to names of cases: Nominative, Genitive... we don't say imenski, rodni... we are not like Russians that say everything in their language
Slovak speaker here. Thank you for the well-made video (although the speed and amount of information is quite overwhelming). I'd say the diphthong "ô" is pretty characteristic of Slovak, as well as the crazy perfective/imperfective verb aspects. Also, I appreciate you calling the language "Slovak" instead of "Slovakian" which I often hear from some people.
"saying ahoj like pirates" got me! xD
(Not landlocked anymore, we held referendum - Královec is Czech now)
and Madagascar is Slovakia :D
And ruski soldat gets the washing machine
@@pliedtka share some more stupid Polish wisdom with us
Kralovec for Czechia! Love from Poland!
@@aleksandrawojtowicz6069 and Madagascar for Slovakia :D
Great vid! I learned a lot as a speaker of ser-cro, I know how hard it can be to talk about our language :)
Thanks for the massive effort put in this video, I can imagine it's hell trying to run though so many languages in reasonable time 😅
Croatian here. One correction regarding imperfekt (past imperfective): it does not (at least in Croatian) imply habitual actions at all. It's easier to explain together with the aorist:
- imperfekt is for actions that happened in the past, but were still ongoing (at the point in time which is being talked about)
- aorist is for actions that happened in the past, and were already finished (at the point in time which is being talked about)
I think you mentioned this distinction between finished and unfinished verbs in one of the other languages; Croatian does that too (typically by slapping a prefix on the not-finished form).
The closest terminology in English I know is imperfective aspect, but that also (according to Wikipedia at least) implies repetition or habit. Our thing is just about whether the action is ongoing or not.
Oh, and perhaps worth to note: neither aorist nor imperfekt are really used often in language, spoken or written. You do come across them, and I guess it's regional up to a point, but in standard language, they are typically seen as kind of stylistically marked, or in some cases even a bit archaic. To convey the same thing in everyday language, we simply rely on the unfinished vs finished forms of the verb in present and perfect forms.
Small quibble but the Ukrainian example sentence at 1:31 should read “druhom”, since like Czech, Slovak and Belarusian, Ukrainian has an H sound instead of a G sound. Great video!
@@kjererrrt2381 тупішої українофобської маячні ще не читав. Українська мова завжди була, її ніхто не створював. На відміну від російської, яку лише насильством та вбивствами насаджували
@@OrkosUA i don't understand your funny language kid.
@@kjererrrt2381 I do happen to understand it, didn't help in understanding, only a lot of russian chauvinism, really lot of it
As a native speaker of Croatian, I think that the pluperfect is used more than the aorist or imperfect. All of these can be (and usually are) replaced with the normal past tense.
Pluperfect is used only in some compound sentences when it is necessary to distinguish a specific meaning from the set of meanings simple past tense can convey.
The aorist is used in some semi-fixed phrases, usually to imply the finality of the action and the imperfect is just straight up dead. Usage of aorist and imperfect tenses is considered "stylistically marked".
For the vocabulary differences between standard Croatian and other standards, Croatian went through several linguistic purism movements over the last 150-ish years, which reflects in the vocabulary. In most cases where the vocabulary differs, you will see that Croatian has a word made of Slavic roots (sometimes a neologism, sometimes not), where as Serbian and the others will use a loanword, like in the examples for "carrot" and "history" in the video.
that's usually the best part of Croatian language even during 90ties it tended to go to far.
last Croatian word I heard, "sebić" for selfie, i love it :)
I would like to confirm the statement about pluperfect, aorist and imperfect tenses as being true for standard Serbian. Also, there is sometimes a distinction in Serbian between the common word, such as šargarepa (carrot) being a loanword (in this case, from Hungarian) and the synonym predominantly used in scientific register (in this instance, the science being botany - and the word being mrkva). Those scientific words are often identical to standard Croatian or similar to Croatian-style neologisms. Other such examples are mushroom (Sr. pečurka/Cr. and Sr. formal gljiva), aircraft (Cr. zrakoplov, Sr. formal vazduhoplov - the common variant being the more narrow in meaning avion-airplane).
All very true!
@@majdavojnikovic I wish YT would notify me of replies to my comments. My favourites are "osjećajnik" (emoji) and "susramlje" (cringe (noun)).
@@2712animefreakhej, izazor *mic drop* 😂😂
as someone who can understand russian and ukrainian from my parents and older family members but not speak it well, i felt really called out by some of the example sentences lol
i always thought slavic languages can communicate more humor/meaning and i think it might be in part because of multidirectional verbs and such. thank you for explaining grammatical ideas and the differences between the languages! (i often get the two above confused TuT)
now im motivated to learn them better :)
I always thought it could communicate less because it has less words describing specific emotions or things than English
@@everythingsfinett3903 Things, yes; emotions, not. English is more psychological, it has more abstract nouns describing emotions and society phenomena than my native Czech. But Czech has adjectives and verbs describing emotions that English doesn't have.
Off the top of my head: "predposrany" (plus diacritics that I don't have in my phone). That's just untranslatable. Literally, it means something like "sh*tted on himself in advance", i.e. "a bit cowardly, afraid of confrontation, frightened even before something happens, unable to stand up for himself or anyone else". There's also a weasel-like and what-will-I-get-from-it quality about the meaning. We only use it regarding politics or relationships.
Btw, the number of one-word expressions doesn't determine the language's ability to express. Czech has poignant phrases for some phenomena, where English has words. Off the top of my head: "I was only standing on one leg and that leg wasn't even mine" is the equivalent of the English word "jam-packed". Or, "he allows wood to be chopped on him" means something like "pushover".
On the whole, English is better at describing abstract concepts and Czech is better at describing specific physical actions, also those interconnected with relationships and emotions.
I enjoy motivational books and abstract concept-based humour in English (like Yes, Minister), and stories and satirical op-eds in Czech.
Im sorbian and very thankfull that you included us!
I feel Sorbian is sadly not known well enough within Germany. I only learned about it’s existence in my early 20s. I think one should be told about it’s existence in school (and preferably a bit more than that)!
what is sorbain where is that ?? first time hear@@Nympje
@@Somi-dp7eg It´s a Slavic language spoken by minority groups in parts of eastern Germany. Mostly in a part of Saxony and a part of Brandenburg.
the bulgarian section was so funny! I admit, our language is pretty difficult :)
@@HeroManNick132 , I'd say that article-system singlehandedly makes Bulgarian the hardest slavic-language to learn for other slavs. I'm a native russian speaker and articles in English are such a pain for me, tbh:)
@@HeroManNick132 not if you are Pole :)
@@HeroManNick132 , not gonna call that thing proper article-system. Sentences "Ty prochital knigu?" and "Ty prochital knigu-to" both have translation into English with "the" article: "Have you read the book?", but "-to" adds extra meaning "finally" or "yet" - "Have you read the book finally/yet".
To be honest, I'm not an expert at linguistics and at northern dialects of Russian, so excuse me if up-written is off-topic.
@@HeroManNick132 da
@@HeroManNick132 Бате, я пак прочети какво си написал. Изречението:"Ти си прочитал книгата", звучи на съобщително и на възклицателно изречение, но е далече от въпросително. Правилното е:"Прочел ли си книгата?". Глаголът "прочитал" както си го използвал, звучи като в "незапочнато-незавършено" време, както звучи "бъдеще-незапочнато": "Искам да започна да мога".
As a sidenote:
#1 Czech isn't the only Slavic language to form past tense with participles. In fact it's a common mean to talk about the past in most of them, even though in some grammarian traditions they're referred to just as "past forms" (That's the case of Polish for example, in which the participle has fused with the present tense forms of the verb "to be" which obscures it's origins).
#2 Continuing the past tense vein, I am not so sure if it's apprpriate to translate "snědl" as "eaten" since the former is an active participle and the former a passive one (the actual equivalent would be "sněden")
#3 The arguments for analytic nature of Slovene also apply, either partially or fully, to all Western Slavic languages.
#4 Also, again about Western Slavic languages - perfective verbs can be derived from the imperfective ones *and vice versa* in all of them, not just in Slovak (or Czech). I'm not super familiar with the other branches but I wouldn't be surprised if it applied to the East and South Slavic languages as well.
#4 on your last point can you elaborate please? I am sure that it is the same in all Slavic languages, but without an example it's hard to understand what you are talking about.
Snědl is "he ate" in English, eaten is sněden as you correctly said.
Here is the difference between the aspect and the tense. Most Slavic languages only use aspects. The exceptions are Bulgarian and Serbian, where the imperfect tense is also used.
Old Czech used the imperfect tense too, which expressed a progression of action, and the aorist, which expressed a completed action. The imperfect tense had the endings -ie- and -á- and the aorist -e- and -a-.
Example Imperfect tense "před starými těmi Aristotiles sedIEše, jenž tehdy králév mistr bIEše." Today, using only the imperfect aspect "před staršími seděl Aristotelés, jenž byl tehdy královým učitelem - before the elders sat Aristotle, who was then the king's master."
"Ta rytieře prosIEšta sv. Petra, aby z města postůpil. - Ti rytíři prosili sv. Petra, aby opustil město. - The knights begged St. Peter to leave the city." Or, "Vida to lev, že pan ležIEše, žalostěmi velikými zařvÁše. - Jakmile uviděl lev, jak jeho pán leží, tak velmi žalostně zařval. - When the lion saw that his master was lying down, he roared with great sorrow."
Aorist "KázA uzel rozvázati i počE ten mák zobati. - Přikázal rozvázat uzel a začal ten mák uzobávat. - He commanded the knot to be untied and began to take the poppy."
Yeah - it's worth to remind people that Polish Past Tense is a "composite" (with "to be" mobile operator) tense. Also - "past perfect" not yet "completely dead" - athough "dying".. (unlike Aorist).
@@waldemarwojnicki6781 in my experience past perfect is doing fine in Polish.
A nearly 20 minute video about Slavic languages? Hell yeah
I speak Spanish natively, but I like so much slavic culture. To me it's interesting in both negative and positive sides. I'm trying to learn russian nowadays. I hope someday I could visit at least one slavic country in my life.
Я люблю русский❤
Greetings from El Salvador!
@@HeroManNick132"You think the most spoken language will help you? Why not a language no one speaks natively?"
@@HeroManNick132To whom slovak is more comprehensive than russian?
To polish?
@@HeroManNick132take your pills🤡 Russians speak Russian
I'm pretty sure learning Esperanto is not the first thing that comes to mind for someone wanting to visit Europe
fun fact: there were lots of Slavic slaves brought to Spain so maybe that's why you have some feeling towards it :)
10:30 You made a mistake, Czechia has been landlocked until 2022 with Královec
Tak! Królewiec jest czeski!!
I'm from Slovenia and I'm happy to see our language being analysed in this video.
The one thing you forgot to mention from Ukrainian is the rule of simplification in groups of consonants: [s t n] simplified to [s n], [s t l] to [s l], [z k n] and [s k n] to [z n] and [s n], [sh ch k] to [sh k]. Also there’s some exclusion like “shistnadtsyat’”(sixteen) where “t” remained in writing, but not in pronouncing and some like “kistlyavyy” (bony) where we write and pronounce “t”.
Also in some words d, t or r can get simplified.
Another fact, this rule exist just in Ukrainian.
@@kjererrrt2381 wow, here you are again with your "Ukrainian artificial" bullshit. Not bored yet?
Native croatian speaker here: the only time I've heard past imperfect and aorist was in school some decades ago. Even the pluperfect you mention as not being in use anymore is in fact used way more than the other two tenses. Thank you for making this video! :)
in native serbian in my experience, pluperfect is quite common, aorist occasional and past imperfect dead
Hello, i am Serbian. Its not Seta moje majke (My Mothers sorrow) but Tuga moje majke. Seta is word for reflecting some good memories best comparison is feeling nostalgic. On the other hand Tuga is literal sorrow, for example loss of someone or something or sorrow when you left your country to live somewhere else where is better source of income. Also we in Serbian have also double negation like Ja ne znam ništa "I dont know anything" similar to Russian.
Double negation is also present in Slovene language too. Jaz ne vem nič. 🙂 Or I know, that I don`t know all.
@@bojanstare8667 You meant "I know that I don't know anything".
@@bojanstare8667More like, I don't know nothing.
@@ineshvaladolenc6559 Yes, that`s right. MY mistake.
Jaz ne vem ničesar.*
"I don't know nothing." meaning: I don't know anything.
Similarly: Ničesar nimam. "I don't have nothing." meaning: I don't have anything.
@@bojanstare8667
Great vid! I loved it and thanks to it I found out about a lot of tiny features I haven't heard of before. Greetings from Poland 😉
You should do a video on indo aryan languages. Kind of interesting how similar they all are IMO
I say this because your video quality is absolutely amazing and I’d love to see the language family of the language that my parents speak be closely analyzed. I actually lied, make videos on whatever you want. But I will say that most indo aryan languages are mutually intelligible and there’s a lot of vocab borrowing from so many different languages.
Fantastic video. I'd love to see an update on Kashubian and Lower/Upper Sorbian languages ❤️
An interesting but little-known fact is that Russian also has a past conjugation. It works on the principle "bylo" + verb in the past tense. Ja bylo podumal, Ja bylo sobralsia uhodit', etc. So it's worth saying that Slavic idioms are very close to each other, so the historical differences between languages were much smaller than between literary standards now. And many dialects with their own special features, for example, the Russian dialects of the region of Novgorod and Pskov, as one of the most special Russian dialects. They are not considered separate languages, but in many ways they differ more than other East Slavic languages.
This phenomenon also exists in Czech and was still in use about 100 years ago, but it's considered strange and archaic now
@@martavdz4972 Slovene languageis archaic, so we use the same past tense. 🙂
Exactly, It's preserved in speech, but in literature it's mostly abandoned, cause it sounds kinda "uneducated", bullshit for me.
You talked about surjik and trasjanka I'll give you my first-born. I love them so much you don't understand. Thank you for mentioning them!!!!
Also, I agree Bulgarian seems scary. I can already feel my interest raising.....
being a slavian, I'm happy to see video kinda this. thank you!
Slovian*
Slovene (Slovenian) - or Slavic (Slav)..
Literally AMAZING video, thank you, i love you
as a slav, i find western languages very simple, like in english imperative is the same as infinitive, the words dont have tens of forms of how you can use them in sentences
Русских субтитров не было, поэтому я как истинный любитель хардкора включил украинские и начал переводить и с украинского и с английского языков однавременно.
Выбор поистине просвещённого ценителя славянской лингвистики
@semen semenov Пойду попью кумыса и попрактикую горловое пение. Спасибо что напомнил!
@@slaviansky Ну як похлебав трохи, прийнявся до коренів?) Є в мене на роботі один фіно-угр самий натуральний, з Урала, так він по нашому краще шпрехає, чим росіяни по своєму.
@semen semenov но русский язык является частью именно восточно-славянской языковой группы (финно-угорские языки и тюркские относятся не просто к другим группам, но целым иным языковым семьям.)
русский - 100% славянский язык с некоторым влиянием тюркских и финно-угорских языков, но все еще славянский. что касается национальности, тут уже немного другой вопрос
@semensemenov9400 а кто-то спрашивал, славяне ли россияне? И камент, и видео совсем на другую тему.
Nice video. Missed one of the coolest Ukrainian language features - synthetic form of future imperfect tense, that allows to pack phrase like "I will read" - "Я буду читати" (Ya budu chytaty) into synthetically formed "Я читатиму" (Ya chytatymu)
That "coolest feature" is probably the same in all languages. At least in Russian you can say " Ya p(r)ochitau" which is the same thing.
Also Ukranian is a fake lang.
@@korana6308 what a bullshit... Russian is more of a fake language. Ukrainian is natural and predates russian
@@OrkosUA )) says only the ukranian... which is why your country is going to cease to exist.
Actually, "Ya prochitayu" is perfective unlike imperfective and synthetic Ukrainian "Ya chytatymu". In Ukrainian there is also perfective "Ya prochytayu".
There may be also the Russian "Ya chitayu" (tomorrow) (and the Ukrainian "Ya chytayu" (tomorrow). But they are something like "present-in-future" (not synthetical imperfective future like the Ukrainian "Ya chytatymu").
@@korana6308 t. butthurt ruskie
Serb here, all of this is really long and difficult but 100% accurate! Youre an country and language expert! XD Imaj dobar dan, or in translatiion, have a good day!
As a learner of Russian and Polish and general enthusiast of Slavic stuff, I got to say that this video addressed most of the issues I found with each specific Slavic language when travelling or learning them.
What a great summary and with a touch of humour, I admit I was pausing it every few seconds to read the examples on the screen haha
You should keep to try itt deeper. That it is just schratch on the surface. You are welcome in Slavic world.
@@bojanstare8667 thank you my dude
@@osasunaitor You are welcome any time.
I'm Russian and Czech is the only Slavic language I barely understand. To me Czech always sounded a lot like a Romano-Germanic language, like German or French.
What about Ukrainian or Belarusian?
@@Macieks300 I understand about 85-90% of Ukrainian and Belarusian languages. Spoken Ukrainian is a bit more difficult, it takes practice to understand it. Spoken Belarusian sounds almost like Russian to me.
From my experience Russians don't understand Ukrainian. About 40% or even less
Czech used to be really Germanic but nowadays it really isn't
@@clownworld3523 ну вообще чешский же сложнее для русскоязычного, нежели украинский или белорусский
Greatest video! You have my subscription! Hope to see more about slavic languages.
fajny filmik, dobra robota
Thank you for mentioning Sorbian!
Greetings from 🇮🇩! 😉
Indonesia?
@@akulakaboom да
Pozdrav iz Srbije
Hi, I'm from Slovenia. I speak Slovenian (Home Language), Serbo-Croatian and Russian (for the Non-Slavic languages, I speak German, Danish and English). To be honest, I wish this video was there when I started learning other languages. This video is really in-depth, which I really enjoy. I also study linguistics, and I am sure I have never seen anyone explain something so fast, but understandable. I'm also glad that The Slavs get some interest! :D
@@HeroManNick132 Pretty much, yes. :)
@@HeroManNick132 Haha, why not? :) Might as-well start :)
I was in Slovenia last week with a friend, she is Bosnian Serb and we speak in Serbo-Croatian together. We noticed that so many words are the same between Bulgarian and Slovenian while in Serbo-Croatian they are different, I don't remember all of them but the ones that come to mind are Vlak, Kitajska, vhod, izhod etc.
@@MagmaskyBG Interesting. I will take a look at Bulgarian indeed. :)
@@ranger142 we even started jokinghow Bulgarians and Slovenians are brothers and we are the same people, btw Maribor and Ljuljana are super nice
Love the vid! Your pronunciation overall was pretty good
except for the y in polish
Great video dude! And as a native bulgarian i can agree with ur statement here 16:08
and "казах" is the completed action of "I said' 2:16
Salutations are weird in Slavic languages. Czechs say "Ahoy!" even though Czechia is landlocked. Poles say "Dzień dobry", which literally means "Good day", even though no day is ever good in Poland ;)
"Dobry den' " in russian, even though every day in Russia is worse than in Poland))
@@metamorphosa9838 Fair point
@@HeroManNick132 Yeah - it's a realtively common formal way of saying hello in many Slavic languages. My comment was just a recent installment in a long-running tradition of Poles and Czechs mocking each other's vocabulary (combined with the sterotype of Poland being more gloomy of the two) ;)
@@HeroManNick132 So you sometimes lie, because there is no good day in Bulgaria
@@metamorphosa9838 чем хуже?
Silesian is in itself a group of dialects and it's pronounced /saɪˈliːʃiən/ with a penultimate syllable accent and three syllables altogether,. It's closer to Old Polish than the Polish that's spoken nowadays. You mentioned ą/ę as a feature and Silesian tends to get separated into 'om/em', there's a lot of cool vowel transformations and they change from city to city or even among the districts. Aside from the very obvious German influence, a lot of grammar and words are borrowed from Czech to the point that there are false friends homophones between Polish and Silesian, same as with Polish and Czech. Though there's currently no agreed upon orthography or alphabet as in recent years it's been used as a spoken, secondary language at home while Polish is taught at schools so it's been in decline and gained an unsophisticated reputation. Lately, there is a resurgence of it and shops and restaurants have started having menus in it, there's books translated to it and written in it and it's been turned into a point of regional pride (and merchandise).
It used to be a territory of czech kings, but Habsburgs gave it to Germany, respective Prussia. Even Kraków used to be a czech city. Living under Prussia united the locals with the rest of Polish citizen. Stalin offered this territory to Czechoslovakia, but president Beneš refused the offer, saying the redrawing borders would lead to future conflict.
@@Pyrochemik007 Lower silesia was for the majority of modern history under polish influence with some czech implications, you're talking about upper silesia, which in fact was quite mixed, most of the time it was german and czech influence, but there were periods of time where it was under polish influence and lots of ethnic poles were settling down there, so it's fair to say that silesian is mix of those three languages - german, czech and polish with obvious german listing, since german influence was the strongest
@@Pyrochemik007 Yeah, Kraków was a czech city till like end of X century. So long enough to not being really important. Silesia is different case
There's also a dialect from Śląsk Cieszyński (Tešínskie Slezsko), where there's much more similarities with Czech, than in upper Silesian one (co hanysy godają). It's rather common for people from here to drive to Czechia and vice versa and i haven't had any issue communicating, granted I know our regional dialect and some words are common with Czech ones. There are many school extracurricular activities that teach that dialect, as only the generation of my grandparents uses "naszo godka" at home. I think it's more socially acceptable for people from upper Silesian to speak Silesian than for us to speak our dialect, at least that's how I see that
There is a huge decline in Silesian. Sad, but true fact is that it is spoken in majority by uneducated elder physical workers, because it is a language they have learned at home and at work.
Most of the young Silesians grew up listening to two languages (personally I don't recognise Silesian as a language, didn't grew up with a real rural Silesian). At home, in neighbourhood everyone speaks Silesian. Polish is the language in schools, newspapers, tv, internet etc. Also some elders tend to prefer speaking Polish than Silesian. That is the cause of the huge decline. Nowadays, when you ask a young Silesian to speak some Silesian language he will speak Polish that sounds exactly like Silesian but with some German words, making you think it is 100% a dialect.
Just a correction, the proper Ukrainian transliteration for г is "h" not "g" as it doesnt make a "g" noise
You are incorrect: this is a diphthong G and H pronounced simultaneously .
@@ogniankamenov481 it is not
Like IGOR becomes IHOR
@@ericcarlson3746 так
Г is H and ґ is G
i’m croatian and i can understand a polish/ukrainian/russian speak. the worst part is we all hate each other, especially balkans
@@HeroManNick132 what 🤠
That's not true! I'm from the Balkan and half Russian, if anyone hates each other it's the Macedonians and the Greeks near the border, try to get peace out of that one!
Really ....you understand Polish ? I doubt it respectfully, it has no similarity to Croatian. Slovakian and Russian yes.
@@denisdralec1993
He could understand Polish and Ukraiunan, but only if he is fluent in Russian.
@@zeljkopopovic2662 He can only understand Polish if he has some knowledge of it directly. Where I live there are many Polacks and their language has no similarity with either Russian or Croatian.
Im happy you mentions some lesser known languages like Rusyn, I recently learned about those and the peoples speaking them and it's pretty interesting.
And I'm sad they're not united as they were in 1919-1939.
a couple things to add to the uniqueness of Ukrainian language:
1. It's only one language of the group that can create future imperfect tense with a suffix at the end of the verb. an example: я буду писати vs. я писатиМУ (both mean: "i will be writing").
2. Another thing is the melodic nature of the language which requires to use extra rules depending on the case of the word or the words next to it:
кіт - кота (cat: "i" in a closed syllable (nominative case) vs "o" in an open syllable (accusative or genitive case))
піти У школу - піти В університет (to go to school - to go to university: the "to" word is either translated as В or У depending on the first sound of the next word)
Thank you for explaining how the preposition "в" and "у" differ in Ukrainian. It was a mystery to me.
In Czech, we have another specialty: some place names are connected with the preposition "v" ("do") (= "in") (v Praze, v Německu) and others with the preposition "na" (= "on") (na Vinohradech, na Slovensku), with some both variants can be used, but they are not always fully equivalent. The distinction has some historical connections (the preposition "on" is more typical for settlements located on the banks of rivers or on elevated plains or around a castle), but they cannot be relied upon. The correct preposition cannot be logically derived from anything - it is necessary to know the common usage.
The sound "i" in Ukrainian is often in the place where "e" ("ě") or "o" was originally. It can be jokingly said that if half of the vowels in another Slavic language are replaced by the vowel "i", Ukrainian will be created. However, this change affected only some cases.
Czech has similar vowel changes, which are a historical relic of Old Czech.
- letter "ů" is a relic of former "ó" which changes first to "uo" and then to "ú" (compare Slovak "ô" and Polish "ó"). However, these changes did not affect all cases and derived words. There is "Bůh", but genetive is "Boha" and adjectives "božský" or "Boží", or kůň - koně - koňský, stůj - stojí, dvůr - dvora - dvorský etc.
And another peculiarity are the relics of the disappeared yers. In Czech, in odd-numbered syllables (counting from the end), yers disappeared, and in even-numbered syllables, they turned into the sound "e". That's why we have "pes" - "psa" - "psí", "hrnec" - "hrnce", "Žatec" - Žatce".
@@czerwoniczmoni6073 Свинина🐷 ты почему не на сковородке ещё? 4-5 10я могилизация подряд на Usraine с 23 женщин могилизовать собираются, че с ебалом как там кондиционеры в куеве?
About part 1: do both of these sentences mean the same? In Polish we can say "(ja) będę pisać" or "(ja) napiszę", but the second one means the action will be completed.
@@agnieszkabatyra4332 We have "(ja) będę pisał/pisała" = "(ja) będę pisać" too.
@@agnieszkabatyra4332 yes, they both mean the same because they both will be incomplete actions. your second example "(ja) napiszę" will therefore translate to "я напишу" which is a complete action and is a common way to build future tense across slavic languages.
Nice video, maybe a bit too fast paced, but no problem, I can rewind ;) Alas, You should really go deeper into Silesian, there're many more differences from Polish in it, on par with Kashubian :)
That video is something I didn't expect to see! And I like it!
As a Bulgarian, thank you for making this and also showing our flag!
And best of luck for others who want to learn our language!
I am from Poland from the silesia region and im so glad you mentioned silesian! although i wouldnt consider it a diffefent language, just a dialect.
I consider you a dialect of your parents
@@bloodkelp wtf
@@heymayday8761 aint i technically right
Dolni Slask? Krkonoše-Jizerské hory? Skl. Poreba? Jelenia Gora?
@@bloodkelp No, you are not. A dialect is not a product of two different languages, but a variety of one language. Your comparison sounds more like a pidgin language or even a creole.
Croat here, you pretty much nailed that our languages are identical but also not. For the most part we can understand eachother and often we know the different words or pronunciations we all use differently. Much like in America when I see people argue over coke/soda/pop, tennis shoes/sneakers, tap/faucet/sink, we’ll do the exact same thing. We all know what the other means. The real issue is definitely conjugations and everything. If someone is trying to learn any Yugo language, they’re out of luck since hardly anybody that speaks the language uses perfect grammar, let alone can teach the language.
@@HeroManNick132 Покушајмо се разумјети! Имам проблема са разумевањем македонског. Срећом могу само користити Српску типковничу да вам олакшам.
I’m sure that will infuriate every single south slav, regardless of which one but it’s always nice knowing we can cross over so easily.
But like you say, slovenian is a mystery, they have so many of the same words as Croatian but pronounce them super differently and with very different grammar.
@@HeroManNick132 Not really, i speak Kajkavian from Croatian and can comunicate with Slovenians without any major problems.
Give it 20 more years for the new generation that was not forced to speak the mixed language takes over
@@KajMenePitas Who was forced to speak what? As a matter of fact, during Yugoslavia, Bosnian Croats mostly spoke their own regional dialects, but now they're really trying their best to sound like HRT newscasters, to distinguish themselves from the ''other'' people who speak their regional dialect, I guess. Nothing funnier than a Livnjak speaking ijekavian.
@@engineer1941 I wonder why? 🤨
The Czech Republic is no longer landlocked country after annexing Královec (formerly known as Kaliningrad)
Ř
Lmao I need to hear an explanation of this meme
@@Eulers_Identity Basically some Polish guy posted a tweet about if Russia can annex Donbas, then Czechia should annex Kaliningrad. Then some Czechs caught the wind of it and proceeded to spread it. The only basis for the whole territory that Czechia has is that the city of Köningsberg was erected in honor of the Bohemian king Otakar II. A bunch of memes was posted, Twitter account for the "Territory of Královec" was created with tweets of elections where 97% of citizens of Kaliningrad agreed upon joining the Czech republic, politicians and Czech army posted sarcastic tweets about incorporating the territory, USA embassy offered Czechia an aircraft carrier (that was ceremoniously named "Karel Gott"), the spokesman of the company Vodafone informed about the inclusion of the area in to their services, then even the Czech television caught the wind of it and proceeded to show the weather forecast of not only Czechia but also that of Kaliningrad. There's also been mock elections on the matter in front of the Russian embassy in Prague. Some of the other memes include photos of Russian trucks with the letter "Ř" painted on them and a sniper called "Jóžin z bažin" operating in the surrounding areas. Also apparently Russians took the joke seriously :)
@@aarpftsz Oh, that's just hilarious. Thank you for explaining!
))
Hey, I am a native Slovenian speaker so it was really interesting to hear about all of this for my language. It was very well preseneted and explained, top. I have some comments,
- in the 13:00, your translation is off for uho. Uho is actually an ear, so the correct translation would be: uha "ear", ušesi "two ears", ušesa "ears". For the eyes it would be oka "eye", očesi "two eyes" and očesa/oči "eyes", they are a bit more complicated as are like a tooth/teeth and so on,
- in the 13:16, "so bili odkrili" is almost never used, or at least i never heard of. We don't use any (almost) any past perfect tenses, it sounds too weird for us, even our teachers said that,
- in the 13:20, "pojdi se solit" is also not that common to say, at least in most regions. we usually say: "idi se solit", the translatation is the same.
other than that, your video very lovely and well preseneted, keep up the good work and thank you for talking about our language! It means a lot because not many people know Slovenian, exept for Slovenians ofc with the population of 2.2M hahah