Biblical Aramaic vs. Biblical Hebrew - How similar is Aramaic to Hebrew?
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- Опубликовано: 18 авг 2023
- What is the difference between Biblical Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew? How different are these languages?
In this video, we compare a few verses from the books of Daniel and Ezra in our exploration of the similarities between the Aramaic language found in the Hebrew Bible and Classical Hebrew.
(Re-Uploaded)
#Aramaic #Hebrew #bible
I studied Biblical Hebrew for two years and this summer I started to learn Biblical Aramaic. These videos are very helpful for me.
Perfect. Glad to read this!
If this weren't a piece for a full course, a video on the Cananite Vowel Shift would be an excellent follow-up!
Very nice pronunciation of both languages!!! Also, it's no coincidence that you inserted some German in this video since just today I was seized by a desire to continue my learning of it even though I'm learning other languages at the moment (Primarily Greek and Hebrew).
Thanks for the kind words. Unless you're studying for an exam, I'd recommend doing 2-4 languages at once. I've found more success when I study more at one time than when I isolate. Isolation one language is only helpful in an immersive environment (for me anyway).
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert I agree! Thank you, sir.
Thanks so much for this. Am currently learning Biblical Hebrew, and had just been somewhat curious about how close it was to Aramaic; this answered my questions perfectly.
You're welcome. Glad it was helpful! I hope you enjoy your studies of Biblical Hebrew and that you're able to study Aramaic when the time comes. If it ever feels daunting along the way, just know that this is normal for all of us and if you stick with it, knowledge of both of these languages will be immensely rewarding!
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Where would be the best place to start learning Aramaic genuinely?
Thank you for the video
Thanks for watching!
Thank you this was very helpful, thank you for pronouncing ayin correct, I know many modern Hebrew speakers have difficulty with this 😊
Modern Assyrian speaker here (eastern dialect). I'm surprised to see that the examples of Biblical Aramaic you've selected are even more similar to the modern language than our liturgical Aramaic. Any idea why that seems to be the case? Does it just have to do with the selections?
Thanks! You are a really cool dude!
Arabic speaker here..
Algorithm got me here 😂
Good content!
I like to compare this with Arabic.
What's interesting to me is Silver Money.. Kasab.
In Arabic, Kasab sounds related to the verb "to earn/ earned" in Arabic. I was just wondering if you have any insight on that.
Welcome! Shukran jazilan ya ustaz Haytham l-t3liqek . You're probably right in connecting those words with that verb. Anyone who is reading and has a better grasp on Arabic etymologies than me, feel free to chime in. And thanks to the algorithm! I do have a video comparing Akkadian with Arabic if you're interested: ruclips.net/video/wRzfGDfX2wQ/видео.html
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Thank you for your reply.
I will watch your content.
Best Regards
Kesef in biblical Hebrew means "silver" or "money"
פשרה
(compromise, agreement, decision)
or פשר
(meaning) exist in modern Hebrew as well.
Little observation on my part 5:30 "Fishra" in Aramaic means the same as "Tafsir" in Arabic, explanation or exegesis. No?
That's how I understand it as well.
כענת aramaic
in modern Hebrew is כעת, meaning now, this time.
I don't know anything about Aramaic or Hebrew but I can clearly hear the similar sounds of Arabic Malik = King, Kalima= speak, Abd = servant.
Yes! I always say that Arabic speakers have a great advantage, because they learn fuSha, then their local dialect, then probably Masri from movies, so their ears are used to different ways of speaking either the same language group. Maybe we can extend that to Hebrew and Aramaic. What do you think?
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert
Hello Sir,
Actually I am not an Arabic native speaker, but an Indian from southern state of Kerala whose native language is Malayalam. As a Muslim I had the chance to learn Arabic from childhood and my expatriate life in the gulf states also helped. I agree with you totally. By the way, my six year old son IYAAD says he wants to send hi to you.
Thank you ❤️
@@shafeequeahmed4272 Ende devamae! I tried learning Malayalam once and can honestly say it is one of the more difficult languages I have ever studied. Sometimes I think about learning it again, but it may need to wait until I am retired with the amount of time I would need to devote to it. Namaskaram Iyaad! Sukkamano.
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert
Thank you Sir. Iyaad is very happy. You are right Sir. Sometimes even we have difficulty in pronouncing our language correctly.
Smooth and fits perfectly
Thank you!
0:50 a s a multiply sertified Swedish-Knower I do concur, for sure: not quite "Norwegian and Danish" xD
Question regarding your Hebrew translation of the first sentence: why do you observe begedkefet in עבדיו by pronouncing ב as "v" but you don't observe it in מלך and you pronounce ך in מלך as "k" and not like "ch"?
Also, why do you pronounce ענוּ as "ano" when it is written "anu" and why do you pronounce נחַוה as "nechEve" when it is written nechAve"?
Is there a specific phonetic reason? Thanks.
Great questions. Probably because I speak with an Aramaic accent! [unintentionally]
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert 😆
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert One more question if I may.
How "good" is the Masoretic vowel system of Biblical Aramaic text? By this I mean does it faithfully reflect actual Aramaic vowel pronunciation found in other Aramaic texts, written in other scripts? Thanks
@@petarjovanovic1481 I feel like the parity is generally the same as Syriac, with a few exceptions. I may have observed a few of those in that video I did comparing Syriac to Biblical Aramaic. If we take into account the expected development between periods, the vowel patterns usually follow. And if the Qamets was an ō as Rosenthal states, then they might come across as very similar to West Syriac pronunciation.
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert Thank you very much.
The word "dat" is in Deuteronomy 33:2. Wouldn't that make it an original Hebrew word?
Also, you put accent on the second to last syllable, like modern Aramaic and Ashkenazi Jews. Shouldn't the accent be on the syllable with the musical note? (which is usually the final syllable).
I don't know... I'm skeptical. I haven't searched the Rabbis on that, but I'm sure they take it as "law" (since that's how the Vulgate and Targums take it) even though the ketiv is אשדת . It doesn't translate that way in the LXX or the Peshitta. Instinctually, it looks like the verb אשד, meaning to pour out. I'm sure there has been some work done on it.
It is of course true that my Hebrew has surrendered to my Aramaic (which I speak daily), and even when I try the Israeli accent, my origin is outed. Dang, I should probably rerecord and re-upload this!
Do you know much about the musical tradition of the MT?
@@ProfessorMichaelWingert
I always wondered how the LXX translates places where the Ktiv and the Kri are divergent? Does it go after the written or does go after the oral tradition? Is the LXX that we know really 2200 years old, or has it been manipulated over the years?
I think LXX spelling Biblical name fascinating because it lets you an ancient pronunciation system. Het vs CHet, Ayin vs Ghayin are the most interesting. It's like SHin vs Sin, and is more like Arabic and Ugaritic.
I have always heard the טעמי מקרא (musical notes) were codified by the Masorites together with the vowel signs in Tiberias 1000 years ago. I read that the Sameritans have an altogether different system of vowels. They put the accent like modern Aramaic and like the Ashkenazim.
The Ashkenazim knew all along that they were putting the accent on the wrong syllable. When it comes to the names of G-d, they are always the same as the Sephardic Jews. In the past 30 years, the Haredi Ashkenazim have been continuing the Ashkenazi pronunciation, but with the accent on the correct syllable.
Masoretic Hebrew is a strange language, because it puts a long vowels before the accent. Aramaic is a little more normal. Seeing that Masoretic Aramaic usually shortens the first syllable, like n'fash for "soul" rather than néfesh, really makes me think that ancient Aramaic had the accent mostly on the final syllable.
You're really lucky to meet up with modern Aramaic. Imagine if the Muslims had never won, and the Middle East remained Byzantium and Persian?
Deut.33:2:
And he is saying, “Yehovah came from Sinai and He shone from Seir to them, He appeared from Mount Paran and therefrom ten-thousand-and-more arrived, a holy-one to His right-hand; to them a fiery deen (judgment on faith)!"
Purport: The Hebrew and Aramaic forms correspond to the Arabic; ...a fiery deen (faith, custom, law, judgment, etc, Jastrow, p.327, דתא/דָת(f.) = דין(m.)), they are synonyms, but in one place, which concerns royal judgment, the words darth and deen/din are employed side by side (Esther 1:13), surely in the sense of an edict/order/command plus an adjudication (as per the Jewish courts of the beit/beis din). Sinai is the mountain of the law but Seir is associated with Edom/Rome (JVL jewishvirtuallibrary org/ edom), therefore lawlessness. Seir is the partial and final fulfillment of King David's curses; the wicked as thorns, none must touch them but with the sharp end of a spear, and they will burn (2Samuel 23:1-7, 2Chronicles 25:11-12, Psalm 137:7-9, Obadiah 18, Rev.2:22-23, S5:78).
Armaic arabic Hebrew and Ethiopian are cousin languages
Yes.. you are the first one I see, in a RUclips comment, that got it right. Too many people believe they have a mother daughter relationship. Like Hebrew is the mother of all semitic languages.. or Arabic is the mother of all of them.. or that both of them came from Aramaic.
Thank you for this sobering experience.
Actually, both of those languages have their roots in the Levitic language, with a difference that the so called "Hebrew" was a dead language, used only by the priestly class, when the Aramaic have developed into a common language of the people, who are described in the Bible as the tribe of Levi.
It would be interesting to hear Hebrew of Torah compared to Aramaic Gospel liturgy to Quran hafiz🤔
Dahab, gold in Arabic, sleeb , cross in malayalam, lashon, language
Mallik, in hindi and Urdu also king👑
The word (Hebrew and Greek) what language is and it meanings. The word Hebrew was derived from ... h b r w.. pronounced as (oha e bu uru uwa).. meaning.. people that bears the wickedness of the world... Greek.. derived from ... g r k.. pronounced as (OgO ri ike).. meaning...district of a strong people. Egypt.. g Y p t.. Pronounced as... (A go Ya a pa atu).. meaning... prays to almighty God and carries out the instructions...Latin.. (l t n).. pronounced as (Olu Otu ana).. meaning.. Language of united people. to clarify this check Ref: (Rosetta stone or Palermo stone) you will discover that all those languages written in Egypt, Greek and Hebrew. are one language spoken in different dialects, by the Israelites.. Israel...I zara Eli.. meaning... you answered God.. Gospel was Written in Original Ancient Igbo language you called Hebrew or Aramaya or Aramaic pronounced as 'ire Ama Ya' meaning 'the language of church of God.
Sorry, but that is just gibberish.
@@brianfileman What you don't know is bigger than you, until you stop being ignorance, you cannot learn.
As a Russian saying goes: Ravings of a grey horse.
@@BornInUSSR12 Any idea of the consonants of the word 'Bog? do you understands its original pronouncing and its meaning?
@@gregonwum8813Ha ha, Hebrew is in English. The original is ivrit. Your ravings do not merit an answer
Why didn't you use the Aramaic alphabet to write in Aramaic, but you used the Hebrew alphabet instead?
He actually used the Aramaic alphabet of the biblical time period.. which Hebrew adopted. Hebrew is actually written in the biblical Aramaic alphabet.
Shlama Christina. As the other poster commented, this is actually the Aramaic alphabet that the Jewish community adopted to write their scriptures. In leshanad sureth, we call it mraba' (or square script). These aren't the athwathed madhenkhayate (or swadaya more commonly) that we use to write Modern Assyrian. You may enjoy some of my introductory videos on Aramaic. Here is one that deals specifically with the writing system(s).
ruclips.net/video/2oPE91Zn4EA/видео.html
Very interesting and helpful insight! I have a doubt about your pronunciation of the R sound when you read the hebrew bits, being in biblical hebrew, you do it with a modern israeli accent, more guttural. It was my understanding that in biblical times it didn’t sound like that, it was more of a tapped R, like it yet happens in the sephardic tradition, samaritan community, etc., resembling more to the other semitic languages of that time and place, considering then the modern pronunciation a linguistic addition of german and eastern european influences (Yiddish). Your perspective on that would be appreciated.
I generally concur with you about the pronunciation of Resh. There is some small evidence for problematic pronunciation of Resh in the ancient world, but the modern guttural Resh is probably a European feature transposed onto modern Hebrew.
2:15 Bro I have a doubt why that the biblical Aramaic and biblical Hebrew letters are same ? What was the random name for this similar language ?
Same reason English and Spanish have the same letters.
Yes same Alphabetical letter Difult LETTER A.
ABAKADAGAHAWAZA