Why Time is One of Humanity's Greatest Inventions
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- Опубликовано: 17 фев 2016
- Time has a fascinating history. Much of our modern world wouldn't be what it is today without the development of better and better clocks. From clocks that use pendulums, to those that use cesium, this video covers the complete history of one of humanity's greatest inventions.
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Sundial footage courtesy of natureclip.co.nr.
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Licenses available upon request
Time was created by watch companies like Rolex to sell more clock
They didn't though
Casual Baluga shut up rolex
@@sci_pain3409 You know watches were made so people can track time better. So time was invented before watches.
@@casualbeluga2724 whatever you say, rolex
@@casualbeluga2724 Lol, you don't even know that time, is in fact, actually flat.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but pendulum clocks didn't work well for ship navigation because the ship rocked.
+DJpeace5678 Thank you. I thought so, but I forgot the details.
In fact in one of the less honourable parts of British history he only received a much smaller award - and that only after direct pressure from the king! The full prize money was never awarded and he was only publicly credited after his death.
John Harrison solved the problem when he gave up on the clock and put his efforts into small time pieces like the pocket watch.
The Chopping Block o
Correct. Spring driven clocks existed, but the spring changed the amount of force it had as it unwound. The answer was a new type of escapement that relied on the mass of a wheel in the watch turning left, then right, then left again, etc. You can still see this escapement at work in most mechanical watches.
Just a quick correction. Quartz doesn't naturally vibrate at 32768 times per second. It's specifically manufactured to specific thickness so that it has that property.
Yes! The reason for this specific number is that this is a power of 2, which makes it convenient to track time by simply allowing a binary number to rollover.
Silver Joda +
Silver Joda Yeah, I went in to the comments to look for that. 32768 is a very suspicious number and I expected it was tunable, like the pendulum clocks earlier. You don’t say Galileo discovered pendulums swing once per second; this is a similar error.
Teymur Azayev why choose this number, rather than some other frequency?
@@bsmith8166 Because 32768 = 2^15, you can use a 16 bit counter directly connected to the crystal's output to get a second long pulse out of the highest level of the counter's output. Bit 15 of the counter's output would be 1/2 a second, bit 14 would be 1/4th of a second, 13 would be 1/8th, down to the lowest bit, which is driven by the crystal and toggles at 1/(2^15) cycles/second.
Time is an illusion. Lunchtime, doubly so.
Where shall we have lunch?
fred321cba
Stavromula Beta.
Carl Siemens Oh no, not again.
Lunch is for heathens. I eat dinner in the middle of the day and supper at night.
+fred321cba Blimpies!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
There was an old phrase around that, back when I was a kid, old folks recalled to me. "Is that sun time or railroad time?" They were referring to the difference between the local solar time vs. the coordinated railroad schedule time. Glad you mentioned that aspect in here.
AustrianAnarchy geez how old are you lol
Nerd! Also, thank you.
This dude 200 years old on god
Fr they be sending smoke signals too I bet
@@johnf5175 could also be he came from a less developed place
You say that pendulum clocks made navigation possible. Actually, pendulum clocks are useless at sea. John Harrison, a carpenter, designed a clock using a fast-beating balance wheel controlled by a temperature-compensated spiral spring that made which made precise navigation possible in 1761.
I'm so glad you mentioned this. The oversight in this video really pissed me off.
Martin Chuzzlewit Yeah I thought that sounded rather strange since pendulums need a flat sturdy motionless surface and... well, can't do that going over waves on a ship... unless they didn't have waves way back then :o (was a joke)
Indeed also his statement about the prizes was a little misleading for the same reason the prizes were specifically offered for an accurate method of establishing longitude at sea all known means of doing this required an accurate ship chronometer thus the pendulum clock wasn't suitable for this use as the motion of the ship obviously induces external sources of acceleration that affect the pendulums swing.
I'm glad I'm not the only one who knows what a genius John Harrison was, lol
oh i thought they used hourglasses to keep time lol
Tell a person to meet you at a certain time and they will be there?
What reality are you living in?
Exactly. Only ~1 in 20 people I know are punctual.
Check out germans.
Lmao
The Germans: yes
Good point Irish time exists
"Ask Jerald" is my new measurement of time
hi boris
found a rare boris
Why not ask papa Lenin, he is a smart man.
papa boris was here!
@@supersejkaj3093 he's dead
great work!
very interesting stuff. RUclips needs more content providers like you guys.
Thank you!
+name I totally agree
Freddie Hughes do you guys know about Reallifelore?
name vsauce....
cgp grey
0:59 Lmao they painted the red sea red
Carrot Slice probably because once per year, of actually becomes red
Lennard Datema why?
Sfirro Nope, it’s called the Red Sea due to mass algal death of the cyanobacteria _Trichodesmium erythraeum_, causing a reddish-brown coloration; I’m sure this has been going on much before the Muslim Empire. In fact, in Hebrew, it was called “Sea of Reeds (abundance of reeds/seaweed in the Gulf of Suez).
_Trichodesmium erythraeum_
@@sfirro what kind a logic is that??????? Like ismail a said its because of cyanobacteria
Atomic clocks work on the vibrations of atoms, not their decay.
1600 clocks: WOWW!
2019 alarmclocks: WAHHHHH!
Just a note... GPS uses a minimum of 4 satellites. 3 are enough for triangulation IF you have an accurate clock in your GPS (an atomic clock)
Since that is not the case, 4 satellites are used to fix that issue, by each set of 3 satellites being able to draw a line representing a function of position based on clock error.
Also, he said that the GPS asks the satellites for their time, but that's wrong too. The satellites broadcast their time, and presumably some other data too, and the GPS just picks that up and makes the calculations. The GPS doesn't communicate with the satellites.
The huge amounts of money being offered for an accurate clock was put in place AFTER the pendulum clock had been invented. The problem of time keeping at sea still persisted as the swaying ship made the pendulum useless. John Harrison invented a clock to solve this problem and got the money.
He did not get the money from the Admiralty who offered the reward in the first place. Harrison was never paid by them.
Kamer Oudste +
But he did eventually get the $1.3 million.
Truly wish there were more intensely worthwhile videos like this one out here.
Its even more interesting that with such percise time measurements as atomic decay, we were able to translate that into percise measurements for things like distance based on the speed of light which is obviously based on time and distance
I say that shifting work from results to hours-worked was a travesty. Imagine how much more productive we all would be if we were all paid on results
The Is money, I can make you 10 pieces of something in a year, is that productive?
Fr
Or we work to days out of the week and relax the other 5 days
It is called piecemeal
The oscillating period of the quartz crystal is not fixed at 32,768Hz, but fabricated that way, making easier to use a 16 bit binary counter.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock
"The frequency at which the crystal oscillates depends on its shape, size, and the crystal plane on which the quartz is cut. (...) In nearly all quartz watches, the frequency is 32,768 Hz,[1] and the crystal is cut in a small tuning fork shape on a particular crystal plane. This frequency is a power of two (32,768 = 215), just high enough so most people cannot hear it, yet low enough to permit inexpensive counters to derive a 1-second pulse. A 15-bit binary digital counter driven by the frequency will overflow once per second, creating a digital pulse once per second. The pulse-per-second output can be used to drive many kinds of clocks."
I just found Wendover this week and I'm not gonna lie. I'm a addicted. I also am a knowledge nerd and this channel is awesome. thank you so much and keep up the good work!
Now we must count billisecond. It seems like ultimate limit. What would be the next huge leap in the time counting? Maybe, making the time zones not looking like a brain-breaking puzzle?
Andriy Vasylenko "billisecond" isn't a real time
You mean plank second?
Hdolf Aitler technically you can measure time as small or big as you want so there would be infinite units of time, as well as infinite names for those units, one could be a pornhubth of a second if you really wanted to name it that.
Shoyo Sensei It should be in the metric set of table. Currently it's not so go fuck yourself
Hdolf Aitler sure you can go as high as you want with bi, tri, quad, quint, etc.. All the way to infinity, but that's not really the case with how SMALL you can get. Every smaller unit has to have a different name so if you really did go small enough and you ran out of names, there could be a pornhubth of a second. Also why are you so triggered over one comment? Did you actually take me that seriously? Lol
How does this channel have so little views?! Btw loving it keep it up
i know you on steam man xd
Ayy, we should play something
+TeaDrinkingIlluminati we should :D
morris grbic How about CSGO?
TeaDrinkingIlluminati sure :P
before galileo, how did they know their clocks where off by 20 minutes a day?
They were able to use sundials to check and reset the clocks. The problem with sundials, though, was that they could only be used when there were no clouds and they also typically were not able to be read on a minute our second level.
+Thomas Dahl
Clock would differ from each other by up to 40 mins.
They would ask Father Time for the time.
They didn't, people from today are looking back at that data and realizing that the time was off before the pendulum.
They would sometimes ask Jerald as well.
I really like this channel man, keep it up.
+saxz99 Thank you!
You are overlooking a very important part of history. Pendulum clocks don't work on ships for obvious reasons, so they were useless for determining longitude. The first accurate mechanical clock for use at sea (H4) was invented by John Harrison around 1760, one of the great technological achievements. There's a really interesting book called Longitude about it if you're interested in learning more.
Otherwise, great work - I really enjoy your videos.
It should be noted that normal pendulum clocks would not work on sea faring ships due to the constant motion introduced by the waves into the boat. It was no until British carpenter and clock maker, John Harrison, introduced his first sea clock, H1, and later perfected, H3, that sea exploration became a more accurate. This event would occur after the invention of pendulum clocks, but before the invention of quartz.
+okiwangko yeah actually the British parliament passed Longitude Act in 1714 to induce invention of accurate marine chronometers because the longitude problem was not solved by pendulum clocks. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_rewards
The battle between John Harrison and the British Parliament is another video on it's own, hence i didn't mentioned it.
+okiwangko Now that is exactly what i thought, now i cant bother watching more videos of this guy knowing that he can be so wrong...
It's just this particular event that was missed, but other than that, I'd say this video was a good summary of the history of timekeeping.
@@pepsino12000 The Longitude Act in 1714 was not to " induce invention of accurate marine chronometers." It was to find a solution to longitudinal navigation. In actuality, the members of the review board were politically biased AGAINST using time to establish the longitudinal position. They were predisposed to only consider celestial obversions as the basis for accuracy.
Actual *16th* century footage
or last Wednesday
Wendover videos have been consistently excellent and accurate. This one falls short; confuses various different issues, particularly re: marine navigation.
this video is incredible. there should be more recognition for the Wendover Productions channel. This guy is AWESOME! Congratz, bro!
EXCELLENT video, all very fascinating pieces of information! Thank you!
However, I must object that the pendulum clock was not usable in overseas voyages because of the movement of the ship in the waves. In order to have accurate longitudinal calculations, they needed to invent an accurate spring-based clock which didn't need stable earth to operate correctly. This is what the prizes you mentioned were for. This time was measured against calculations from a sextant.
Also, you never mentioned the water clock, but in the time of ancient Greece and Rome, this was in use though it had some variability and limitations of application and maintenance.
Your explanation of how GPS works is a little inaccurate. GPS receivers are completely passive. They don't "ask" GPS satellites anything, that would require a lot of power from small portable devices.
Other than that this was a great video! Keep it up.
Joshua Shepard and also not being easily detectable by the enemy. let's not forget that its exclusive military in its origin
+Joshua this seems to be a common idea - people imagine that 'satellite tracking' actually means the orbiting satellite is somehow monitoring them and reporting their position somewhere. Similar to the idea in the video about 'asking' GPS satellites for your position fix. I guess the terminology is somewhat to blame, as 'satellite tracking' doesn't really convey the passive nature of the system?
It also requires 4 satellites, 4 variables: x, y, z, time.
Great video! Your productions are getting better with each video you post!
of all your videos i feel this one has blown my mind the most
4:15 so that’s where that name came from
A correction: quartz crystals do not all oscillate at the same frequency, it depends on the shape of the crystal chosen. Digital clocks choose a crystal that vibrates at 32.768 kHz because the circuitry to go from 32.768 kHz to 1 Hz is very simple
This is just fascinating. Thank you for sharing this knowledge with me!
Worth pointing out that time is one of the few concepts to have a globally agreed-upon unit of measurement. We can't even agree on something as simple as how to measure the distance to the end of the street, but we can all agree on how long it takes to get there.
you are talking about clocks not time
I second the comments about John Harrison who solved the problem of longitudinal navigation not using a pendulum but also want to say that GPS RECEIVERS don't request the time, they simply listen for it; when they receive it from a minimum of FOUR satellites, they calculate their position by working out the probable location based on the difference in the 4 times.
Love seeing Darlington as the first image! Sat in view of that clock now!
am amazed how this wendover production didn't include anything with planes and airports lol...g great video!
5:25 Leap days don't come from the earth's rotation not taking that amount of seconds, but the travel around the sun not taking exactly 365 days
2:06 yeah sure, tell my friends about it
Why are your videos so helpful for me... I love it!!!!
I haven't seen any videos as informative and excellently articulated and as this one. It's about time!
Sees the video title
Me: *A C T U A L L Y...*
back in the days...we control time....now...time controls us....
Hard to agree that we controlled time back in the day, more like we had less understanding of it to make use of it.
Time is innocent. You choose for yourself how you spend your time. Or you choose to let others control how you spend your time.
Nobody is telling you to post this post on this video, you chose to spend your time on it. While you chose to let your employer control your time working for his company when you signed the contract. So if you have any issues with how little time you have, you have only yourself to blame for your (bad) choices.
Even when you are forced to work you still have a choice to resist or submit. The choice is always yours.
Lordp00m true, these retards flunk school and expect good jobs lol
*JADENSMITH.EXE has spawned in
Time is an expenditure...that’s why we “spend” time doing things. It’s our sole responsibility to spend it wisely.
Your channel is soo good, Wendover Productions! 😊
really quality work. thank you.
Interesting, but "clock" "time".
RonJohn63 I thought I was the only one who noticed that...
!=
+RonJohn63
Hmm...you must have too much SQL in your life...
+Matěj Barnat
And you have a lot of 4th programming languages in general.
I much prefer clock != time. Much nicer syntax IMO
is it just me or does this video have a weird glitchy effect for the first 30 seconds
Great video as always!
Amazing video, learned so much.
well, look, a wendover productions video that at no point features airplanes
Good video - fix the intonation at the end of your sentences though.
Grat video! Hopefully you get the fanbase you deserve some day!
They invented time? No, they define it, they were able to measure it, time is a concept
yes.
so the concept of time was invented then, yea?
Concepts can be invented.
“Authentic 16th century footage” 😂😂
Sorry old chap, but your explanations are rather over-simplistic. For instance, scientists did not notice that quartz vibrates at 32,768Hz, and as a consequence use it as a frequency standard - no more than scientists, say, "notice that tuning forks vibrate at 512Hz, and so we decided to use them to tune our pianos". Quartz can be made to vibrate, and their frequency is only a function of the size and shape WE choose to cut them to. They do not have an innate ability to oscillate at 32,768Hz - that number is a number WE chose.
+Kosmos Horology Well, when you reduce "1,000 years of time-keeping technology" down to 6 minutes, sh!t happens...
+Kosmos Yeah, I used to have the same misconception... When I first found out about quartz crystals I was amazed that they naturally vibrated at *exactly* 2^15 Hz - of course, I eventually worked out that this was just because the crystals are cut to a specific shape that vibrates at a convenient power of two frequency that is useful for timekeeping!
and that is why we have like, 16.000Mhz crystals shown in the vid? because its made to vibrate at 16Mhz?
Sure is simplistic. This is not a horology expert or channel. This channel gives a very very brief overview of what is involved. He could go on and on about the details, but this is not the place for it.
If you are upset about a non specialist talking specialist things for a non specialist audience, you should watch an actual channel dedicated to a specialist subject.
I like your style! I love interesting content like this. Keep it up!
This is a great video. Thanks!
I dunno how you can talk about clocks and the problem on longitude without even mentioning John Harrison.
I had the same thought. This excellent piece of work seems to imply that navigation at sea depended on a pendulum. It is a bit of a stretch of the normal meaning of this word to call Harrison's balance wheel a pendulum. This is a minor criticism of this great video.
Another great video. However, time is not the invention, clocks are. Time is an aspect of the universe which can be measured, like space. Clocks are to rulers as time is to space. Saying that humans "invented time" is like saying humans invented 3-dimensional space.
This is awesome :) thank you
Thanks this helps me understand better.
Why doesn't motion on the boat mess up the motion of the pendulum?
It does. The video is incorrect in suggesting that pendulum clocks worked on ships.
Ah great. Now I feel smart for realising that instead of stupid for not being able to figure it out. If it wasn't pendulum clocks then what clock did revolutionize sailing?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_chronometer
+Wendover Productions This was a really well put together video but a lot of the content is not accurate. You gave way too much credit to the clock in general especially the pendulum. On youtube there is a documentary of John Harrison and finding longitude at sea. It might be called finding longitude. It is worth you watching so that you will know what really was the first almost accurate time piece. It wasn't a clock. And I think you gave too much credit to Galileo. It's still a good video though. I love your channel.
I was also bothered with the claim the GPS consults 3 satellites to determine position. It actually requires a minimum of 4. The reason is the GPS units do not have high precision clocks so they can't know for sure how long the GPS signals have been in transit. To solve this problem the units read from a fourth satellite and then uses the four equations to solve for the four unknowns, x, y, z, and the time.
Brian Kelly That is really interesting. Thanks for sharing. I didn’t know that.
Wow, great content and presentation. Subscribed.
Good job, informative and interesting.
Two factual errors in this video:
1) pendulum clocks are not accurate on a rolling ship. They invented specialized mechanical clocks for longitude calculations.
2) gps requires 4 satellites, not 3 to determine your position.
You can get by on 3 satellites, but 4+ is preferable.
GPS addendum: 4 GPS satellites gives X, Y and Z (height) location; you can use 3 GPS satellites to get X and Y only. Using 5+ satellites can give greater accuracy.
There is a great movie about John Harrison and the search for a clock that would be accurate on a ship - "Longitude" , also about how the government tried to get out of paying him.
@Edward HARRISON [13M3] You're a descendant to John Harrison??
@Edward HARRISON [13M3] Now thats epic
GPS doesn't "ask" sattelites for the time. The sattelites broadcast the time.
Martin Kunev ya maybe GPS but he said GBS 🙃
Great video. At this point youtube has better educational videos then any school in the world.
+Wendover Productions.... just about every video, by the end i feel like....WAOH MINDBLOWN lol keep it up man you're killin' it
Wasn't there a British guy who came up with an accurate watch on the seas? Then didn't get the prize he was promised or something like that?
Barry Sabahat Yes, that was John Harrison who invented the first practical, accurate and reliable marine chronometer. He ultimately won the longitude prize, as detailed in the Dava Sobell book Longitude and the movie of the same name. One of the more egregious errors in this video is the idea that pendulum clocks work at sea, on a pitching and heaving ship. They just don't!
Billy Sugger yes. I remember the movie. That's how I know about him. And the pendulum thing was one reason why they needed a different method.
Billy Sugger +
2:00 Yeah, I don't know who your friends are but at least for me that doesn't work...
Guys, I love your content! New subscriber!
Wow @Wendover Productions your Videos are awesome ;)
Time is not an invention, tools used for measuring time are.
AFFE NOWU It's as much an invention as math is.
AFFE NOWU considering time is a concept, I'd say that time is an invention
merrrr semantics
AFFE NOWU You're confusing time with *time.*
It isn't some semantic exercise. How we measure time - hour, minute, second- as humans is arbitrary and dates back to a time where ideas of *time* as an aspect of the universe did not exist. A good example being how atomic clocks today must be readjusted because they're "too accurate"; as in, their accuracy does not entirely mesh with our arbitrary assignment of time.
Time as we know and understand it is an invention. You suggest it's similar to gravity. It isn't, and that's a stupid analogy.
Time had to pass before humanity even existed. *the measurement of time* as we understand it is very much an invention, but if time itself doesn't exist, then exactly what are clocks measuring?
wheres huygens
great video. Very informative
you've just earned a subscriber. keep it up.
Nah. Clocks are a invention. Time isn't, like space or mass.
Nooooo.... You got it wrong!!! The greatest invention in clock making was a wind up clock by 'John Harrison'. Not the pendulum clock. No pendulum clocks were used by sailors, kind of stupid having a sail boat sway from side to side affecting the pendulum swing. Please don't be lazy, google 'John Harrison' and time keeping. Read the book called 'Longitude' there is even a movie version. Greenwich Meridian is set on the principle that you set you chronograph timer clock to zero (or say 7am) at sun rise, then sail in an eastward direction. If the sun rises 15 minutes later than 7am you have sailed 1 degree eastward. This video is so insulting to the true great history of John Harrison and the invention on the clock. Get it right man.
Great videos!!!
Nice video , thank you.
This is what RUclips was made for. Not for gamers to make money.
Yup
RUclips and the internet will always serve various purposes. No need to propose strict restrictions on forms of entertainment you aren't fond of. We just need to think of more incentives for quality content to produced.
No, RUclips was 'made for' distributing videos. There wasn't any high minded ideal about the content of those videos, just providing a platform where moving pictures can be shared. Of course it's awesome that +Wendover can make these videos and we can all watch them, but my nephews love watching gamer videos, for example, and I'm happy that's possible.
Great video !
this channel is amazing
Really Great Video
This video gave me actual chills
wow that was an amazing video, very informative
Oh man your voice has changed! Great channel; you're awesome!
why have I never seen this Wendover Productions video until now?
thank you RUclips recommendations
4:57 That's a swiss railroad clock! Super iconic, we even have watches with the design!
WOW......GPS uses time to work accurately... !!!!!!????? Every day, something new.
Your clips are brilliant, really interesting & enlightening. Nice one...!!!!
Your channel is one of those few newer channels that has started off with quality content. You will reach 100,000 subs before then end of next month for sure
nice video bendover productions
Fascinating!
That's literally awesome!
Very interesting videos. Wish they were longer but I know that's probably not possible.
Diggin the channel bro!