Crohn's Disease: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Risk factors, Diagnosis and Treatments, Animation.
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- Опубликовано: 13 сен 2020
- (USMLE topics) Crohn disease: pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnosis and treatments.
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Voice by: Ashley Fleming
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Crohn’s disease is one of the 2 major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation caused by Crohn’s disease may affect any parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but it most commonly involves the end of the small bowel, the ileum, and the beginning of the colon. The inflammation is not continuous, inflamed segments are usually interrupted by normal healthy tissues.
Most people experience recurrent flares, when the disease is active, followed by symptom-free periods of remission.
Symptoms may differ depending on the parts of the digestive tract that are affected. Most common signs include diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenderness, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and fever. Blood in stools occurs when the colon is involved; nausea and vomiting are usually the signs that the stomach or the first part of the small intestine is affected. About one third of patients present with perianal disease, including abscess, fistulas and ulcers. The disease also often manifests outside the intestine, especially in the joints, skin, and eyes.
Inflammation in Crohn’s disease extends to the entire thickness of the intestinal wall. Deep lesions in the mucosa often alternate with areas of mucosal swelling, creating a characteristic cobblestoned appearance. Extensive inflammation may cause thickening of the bowel wall and hypertrophy of the mesenteric fat that wraps around the intestine (creeping fat). Intestinal wall thickening, together with scar formation, may block the flow of digestive content, leading to bowel obstruction. Ulcers can extend through the bowel wall and form tunnels, called fistulas, which may connect to other loops of the intestine, to abdominal organs, muscles and even skin. A fistula may become infected and form abscesses, which can be life-threatening if not treated. In the long-term, Crohn’s disease may increase risks for colon cancers.
The disease has a major peak of onset between the age of 20 and 30, and a smaller peak later in life. White individuals, people with family history, and smokers are at higher risks.
The exact mechanism of Crohn’s disease is not fully understood, but it likely involves both genetic and environmental factors. Multiple genes are identified, most of which act in the immune system, or in maintaining the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. This barrier separates the gut content from the underlying immune system, preventing the body from reacting to dietary antigens and resident bacteria of the gut. A crack in the barrier may increase the chance that the immune system overreacts to non-pathogenic antigens from the gut content.
Involvement of environmental factors is evidenced by higher disease incidence in developed countries, especially urban areas.
Diagnosis is made based on a combination of tests and imaging procedures.
Treatments start with dietary management to maintain good nutrition but avoid foods that may exacerbate symptoms. Some patients may benefit from nutrition therapy, a special diet given via a feeding tube or injected into a vein. The therapy provides nutrition while allowing the bowel to rest, reducing inflammation.
A number of medications can be prescribed depending on disease severity and the patient’s response to different drugs. These may include: antidiarrheals, anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologics.
Abscesses and fistulas are drained and treated with antibiotics.
Nearly half of patients require at least one surgery to manage recurrent intestinal obstructions or complicated fistulas or abscesses. Surgical removal of the diseased parts of the bowel may improve symptoms temporarily, but is not a cure, because the disease is likely to recur, usually near the reconnected tissue.
Very good way to pass on information about Crohn's - one of the very best videos I have seen! Thank you so much!!
I have reoccurring fistulas and just lost my ilium 2 weeks ago. I pray to god I'm going to get some relief. This is no life to live.
Same I can't do it
Praying for you
go for cholostomy bag.
Story Of My Life 🥺
May you find peace in your pain💯
Yet another outstanding educational video. Thank you very much!
I would love to see a video about pericarditis someday. My father had it last year and the cause was never identified. In fact, he was to have an open heart surgery, but recovered mysteriously before it took place.
I Feel So Sad For Anyone Going Through This I Truly Understand Your Pain.. 🥺
Does anyone else with IBS have a lot of stomach gurgling and noises ? If so do you have any solutions or advice to minimise noise ?
It's very helpful for me thanks
Super helpful
What some nursing diagnosis of this?
Can you post maternity content
Nice amazing
On the environmental causes, has there been any research into what specific aspects of urban environments that are responsible for triggering the disease?
Processed foods filled with chemicals and unnatural ingredients.
@@HollyTheTwisterSister Would you be able to cite the research on that?
Probably antibiotics and processed foods
@@HollyTheTwisterSister I was diagnosed with Crohn's at age 6. Environment factor is bullshit when I eat junk food I am fine but when I eat healthy food I get bloated.
Genetics 🧬
Awesome
I don't have any symptoms as mentioned here, and no pain. But my rectum (at the end of opening ) is gets swelled up when I eat food. I don't know which food causing it
Drink water before meal then drink water after 2 hours take water little ittle i mean suck water like sparrow.chew food like gum stay away from junks fast food eat Apple in morning your colon swelling will be finish in one month my english is not good but i hope you will understand
@@moonhashmi4534 i dont have any of the above symptoms too but i have un healed anal fissure and spasm for months no bleeding, ,. should i eat red apple or green apple in the morning?? they both have different health bwnefits
@@moonhashmi4534 Which type of apple yellow, red, green.
@@mrfixit8776 red and yellow apples
All these years unable to work and suffering in my late 20s and early 30s only to finally figure out thru a colonoscpy that I was literally dying of this disease.
Are you OK right now?
My Mom Went Through This No One Knew What Was Wrong With Her Not Even The Doctors She Suffered For Years And Just Recently Passed Away I'm Also Suffering From It But I've Been Doing Research And Found Out About Crohn's Disease...
My dad has it
-Swelling: gonflement
- cobblestone: a small, round stone
- Wrap: Envelopper
- Dietary: alimentaire
-Gut: gros intestin
Thanks
Hey! It’s my disease, Crohn’s! Lit
+2349069313955
I advice you reach out to Drfolonsho, he healed my husband from this illness, his herbal medicine is very effective for crohns disease
I think I got this shit,is it deadly?
@@tevellealexander8086
If left untreated maybe,but if you go to a doctor he will give u some medication.The bad news is that there is no cure for this shitty disease.
Try out some herbs, I used liquid chlorophyll to heal my gut and phyto Fibre to Cleanse the system, change your diet, add probiotics and quit smoking and alcohol,
With proper care you can totally live a normal life, and yes it comes nd goes depending on ur lifestyle, and STRESS is the biggest culprit
I have swollen lymph nodes and ilieum is inflamed, Tb has been ruled out. This could be what’s happening to me
I have lived with a stroke for over 6 years but I am now free after using dread roots and herbs. for help You can contact her on whatsap
I have been intestinal fistula from 9 months and it wasn't healing
@@Bishalmusic_ message her and tell her you’re situation
Any ulcers in the ilieum? Did you get biopsy of those ulcers?
I heard that sauerkraut is beneficial at stopping polyps in the colon,
Treatment of the disease pls suggest.
Stelara
Asacol
Budenofalk
Azatioprin
Entocort
Entyvio
Calpro
Inflectra
Humira
Amgevita
Remicade
Zimzia
Remsima
Prednisolon
Pentanza
Prednisone
Azathioprin
Xeljanz
I was diagnosed with Crohn's disease 4 year ago have been to different hospitals in search for solutions but to no avail, until I met herbalist Patrick who helped me got rid of Crohn's disease with his Roots and Herb's.
You can contact him on WhatsApp
+2347040701554
@@janetolayemi5324 what herbs?
To avoid such diseases what one should do . Wht types of food
I have Crohn's disease.
I don't smoke nor drink but I developed crohn's.
my bad habits, I ate chips a lot. I had uti before but that didn't stop me from eating junk foods.
It is said that it's heredity but none in my family or relatives has it.
I had since I was 10 years old but didn’t get diagnosed until my early 20s no one in family has it , I think it is from trauma and stress I was always worried as a child
Humm its not that one...