Limit yourself to zero items, because when shtf, you are not likely to have any if your fancy "survival" kit. Practice with none of your survivor porn, and learn the skills you need. Real survivalists would say. "I'll take the knife, but you can keep all the other crap."
@@Erebus.666. You're still taking a knife. That's definitely NOT zero. Let me guess... you want the fero rod with the knife and a sheath for the knife... and a good pair of boots.... etc.
Not to bash Dave, but to the survival/Bushcraft community he's overhyped. Nearly everything he's done is copied from other's and he gives no credit to those he's taken it from. It's just making videos in his backyard of things he's learned. I'm sure he's a great guy, but there's a lot of people out there that actually live this stuff and use it daily.
@@dogma7911 Have you ever attendee one of his courses by any chance? Or are you going by what you see on Social Media? And, EVERYBODY is doing what they've been taught or learned elsewhere. No one is inventing woodsmanship. As for the "bushcraft" commieunity, it would be a feather in Dave's cap to be ostricized by him, but they love him. He has the #1 best selling bushcraft book of all time across the planet in multiple languages. The "bushcraft" commieunity isn't exactly anything to aspire too anyway...not for a woodsman. There are a few pockets of good places like BushcraftUSA and a few channels, but for the most part, the most popular bushcrafters are 1/2 naked Asian girls making earth shelters with a machete. As for the survival community, Dave's probably the foremost creator of affordable products that are readily available to the common man. No one else can say that. All he does is contributes to the genre and while some are hating him on social media, he's literally training SAR (Search And Rescue) teams....you know them, right? The guys & gals who go out and rescue lost bushcrafters and hikers. LOL
@@dogma7911 You literally described every Bushcraft RUclipsr, hell you described every bushcrafter. Taking skills other people developed and using it or showing how to use it to others. And actually he has mentions the books and guides written by Kepart and a few others many times from the colonial and early USA days. Gear he uses is always mentioned who made it be it a person or a company. Also overhyped is not the same thing as popular. He is in the upper echelon of bushcrafters that make content on the internet in terms of skill and viewer count. Overhyping would be if he was in the 50% range of skill and people making him out to be in the 80% range. From watching a lot of different videos from different people over the years on different techniques and ideas, preferences and what not he is up there in the top 80%-90%
My number item will always be a pot. Water is the biggest most important thing in survival. You can always make a sharp something to cut. You can find cordage in most places. You can create fire other ways but you need to be able to filter water somehow or clean it. And the pot is good for so many other things too. Everyone always says a knife first but I would always say a pot as number one especially if I only get one thing.
A pot is a great choice, but remember it's possible to make a container out of a section of log by charring the inside out with coals, blowing out the flame on the sides as it works it's way down, and then hot rock boiling water inside of it.
@@pop4b0is2 I had never heard of that process. I'll have to check it out. The other good but also not. Good thing is unfortunately there's almost always trash everywhere you go and so a lot of times you can find something to use as a container or to boil stuff too
@@sock979 Ranger Survival and Field Craft from the Pathfinder school made a really good video on creating the 5 C's of survivability from the landscape with zero tools, I recommend watching it to study the technique ruclips.net/video/7wdtPQxmvrk/видео.html
@@outdoorguy845Well, they probably just drank water from natural sources. I don't think Neanderthals possessed water purification knowledge. I don't even think Humans knew about micro-organisms in water until just a few centuries ago.
@@wow50000 Of course he can always contact a job shop or something similar. Just aint going to be cheap. Im a toolmaker and we journeyman like other trades. I make $35/hr plus the profit cost theyd have to pay.
A cooking pot is more versatile and replaces a water filter’s function. A plain tarp is more versatile and durable than an emergency bivy tent. A small ferro rod works just as well and is… smaller. Survivorcord is awesome.
How are you gonna argue a smaller ferro rod would help but suggest he use a cooking pot and tarp, a larger ferro rod is hardly any more difficult to carry than a small one but there’s a a lot more required for a pot and tarp
LOL , Youre clearly one of those annoying know-it-alls that must always be right You say get a small ferro rod because its smaller(literally 1” smaller!!! )But then proceed to say get a pot and a freaking tarp. For someone that was so concerned about the extra inch on the ferro rod , you sure did end up splurging w the pot and tarp
To me a good stainless pot with a carry handle is so much better than a water filter. The ability to carry large amounts of water and boil it can make all the difference.
Fair enough. The only difference my answer had was a rucksack in place of the cordage, but that's only because the areas that I'm used to that I would chose to go survive in have an absolute abundance of dogbane, and I'm used to turning that into rope pretty quickly and easily. Used to make rope out of it when I was bored as a kid. Meanwhile a good rucksack means less trips gathering supplies, and the ability to carry more tools and supplies over longer distances.
A hand cranked battery charger, a satellite phone(or maybe an EPIRB), a bottle of whisky, a good book, and a comfy chair to wait in until the chopper arrives.
1. Knife (I can make feather sticks and the means to make fire - preferably a bow drill fire starter) 2. Cordage (see above and for lashings, traps, etc.) 3. Water purifier with carbon filter 4. Canteen or larger water carrier 5. Means to sharpen knife In my part of Texas there are enough natural materials to construct shelter, provide food (cactus, yucca, wild fruits, acorns, pecans, squirrels, deer, raccoon, etc.), and building hunting gear (bow, arrows, spear, etc.) and fishing gear (nettles, cane/bamboo, worms/grubs, etc.). Survival is possible, but my wife would nag me about all of it because she's not yet had her rough camping experience.
I'd switch the knife out for a reliable hatchet because it'll be easier to cut trees down and you can have more cordage on the handle of the hatchet you can do everything a knife can do with a hatchet
Time machine to go back and decide to NOT get off my ass and put myself in a situation where I would need cord to make a spear and a stick to make fire.😅
If you're not savvy enough to work out what the knife is for, don't bother spending too much time fooling yourself that you have the wits to survive anything more than a milk run to the store.
Why not own and use firearms? Who’s anyone else, no matter who or what he/she is, to say that you can’t? According to natural law, you have the right to own whatever you want as long as you’re treating others right. “Governmental law” is under natural law, and Biblical Law is the Supreme Law.
@@tokerpoker4641 If we are surviving in the woods and you take my knife, when you fall asleep I will have my knife back plus your firearm and some bear bait! Or we could work together and have an easier time surviving! Your choice!!!
@@nathanadrian7797 you are assuming that people will not act irrational… I would be long gone and not asleep but that’s assuming that you are still alive and don’t catch one to the dome. Personally I would avoid any and all conflict but do not assume everyone else will.
"lemme roughly tie my only other weapon and most reliable tool I have onto a stick (that I could've just sharpened) to either jab a predator at close range, hoping it doesn't come within knife range, or throw at prey that may or may not run away for 30 minutes"
What are the 4 things that kill a person in the wild? No air, 3 minutes Exposure, 3 hours No water, 3 days No food, 3 weeks You need: blanket with some type of small tarp. Water purification unit. Something to boil water in. Lighter, lots of lighters. After this, add anything you want. Misery Index Mental toughest: Cold water makes you the most miserable in the shortest amount of time. After finishing your next shower, turn the hot water off and stay in the cold for 5 seconds, then build up to 10 seconds. Keep this up until you can just stand the cold water, but still function. Try to tie a knot or do a simple math problem to test yourself. Learn to eat something that tastes horrible. This isn't a dining experience, it's to keep you alive. Start with liver, brains, or other organ meat. Next try crickets and grasshoppers. Work your way to gophers, rats, and pigeons. You're not trying to develop a taste for these, you're just trying to choke it down and keep it down. Chew these toward the back of your mouth where there are less taste buds. Once in the jungle, a woman offered me a handfull of grubs. She had been kind enough to gather them and offer them to me, so i felt obligated to eat them. Did they taste nutty? No, they tasted like caca. I will spare you the story of dining on a walrus colon. But it was almost all fat and full of calories. I suggest using a finger to get the lard off the roof of your mouth and a few mints after such a meal.
1. clear plastic 2. pot 3. knife 4. ferro rod 5. That tube tent Clear plastic can be used to power a solar still. No need to worry about filtration. Your filter isn't going to useful when you can't find water. My solar still can be used in almost any environment.
I would take 1 My Becker BK2 2. 100 ft 550 parachord 3. Stanley Cook Pot 4. Ferro rod 5. E-tool I can use the parachord, BK2 and Etool to build a shelter. Ive built simple ones to more solid with just the knife and parachord as a ridgeline or to lash and frap a solid top for a lean-to. The e tool is good for a coyote well also some chopping or digging a dakota fire pit or digging down to lay leaves over a simple makeshift bed. Of course this list could change if I were given weather, season, location of water source. But Ive used just those before for over night use.
More ideal: 1. Knife 2. Saw 3. Twine 4. Pot 5. Container Don't need the metal bar and flint, just use two sticks Don't need water filtration, boil it with the pot
A needle and thread to repair the rip in your jeans should be near the top of your list. You don't want to be losing body heat through inadequate clothing.
1. E-Tool/Axe to dig & chop firewood 👈 2. Knife w/compass👈 3. Loads of 550 cord👈 4. Backpack to carry stuff (canteen, space blanket, tent) 5. Ultimate 1st aid kit
1. the latest and largest fully fueled Mercedes Benz Unimog GPS equipt expedition model with barbeque grill 2. a large camping refrigerator full of ice cream, MREs, bacon, eggs, Japanese wagyu steaks, blue marlin steaks, Gatorade, water. 3. satphone 4. Cold Steel Trailmaster in 3v 5. a bank account with $200B
@@Rabbit-the-One shelter building fishing snaring and fire building. It has a wax cord inside it that catches spark, a metal snare wire, a fishing string, and several smaller strands for tying things together. It does a good job
The problem with survivor cord is that to access the wire or wax cord, etc. you have to break down the survivor cord or cut pieces off it. When it becomes the source of so many wants and needs it doesn't last long!
You should still boil water after filtering it, it’s actually more important to boil it than filter it. Filtering water removes mostly just visible contamination: namely macroscopic-organisms and particulate. But boiling it kills the left over bacteria and viruses. (A good filter will also remove *some* dissolved solids and non-water liquids but not all) Consuming a little dirt is a lot less dangerous than ingesting large amounts of infectious microorganisms.
I do agree you can't filter as well as boiling, however boiling water takes a lot of fuel, a lot of time, and only when a fire won't give away your presence or position. A combo of both can be great. Hard to carry water in a lot when on the move. Boil when you can only filter when you can't boil fast enough
I was thinking the same, but instead of a water filter id have a metal canteen of some sort. The idea being that you can keep water on you and also use the canteen to boil water
None of the hat guarantees food for longer term survival and the Mylar tent is a fragile open ended tube that won’t last long in high wind. With 5 items he could have chosen a real tent, a warm sleeping bag, a 5 day ration pack, a water bottle filter and a satellite messenger/PLB in case he can’t get out ok. Long distance ultralight backpackers don’t typically lose their stuff. Learning how to secure a compact pack and not lose it means you can rely on having all the gear you need.
1) A water bottle with purifying filter 2) a hatchet for wood 3) 50’ of paracord 4) a head lamp 5) $80,000 camper fully stocked with food and first aid supplies
1. Axe 2. Scotch eye 3. 20x20 tarp 4. Ferrorod 5. Pot with a water tight lid ( if you’ve ever watched naked and afraid basically the same pots they give them)
That knife was so epic. But I would change the water filtration with a 1 layer steel kanteen. Because even if you lose your forro rod you can make fire with your knife (making a bow fire set)
1. PLB or satellite messenger 2. Knife 3. Bic lighter in an Ecotac case 4. Nylon tarp 5. A bag of Food Lets face it, you have a PLB. In an emergency youll be rescued in 24 hrs anyways. Make a fire, make lunch, and wait it out. Kind of eliminates the survival when you have a PLB.
Without a container if you lose that water filter, you could be screwed as far as hydration. Always a container that allows you to boil water. Why put yourself in a situation where you’re having to burn out a bowl from wood and heat or boil water with hot stones? The only caveat for me would be that I would definitely choose a water filtration system if I was worried that the water I would have to use may be contaminated with high nitrates or contaminants like mercury or zinc or lead. In that case boiling will do nothing to remove them. It would be very situational for me as to which I would bring if I could not bring both. Otherwise, I will always opt to bring a metal container and boil. Which consequently also allows me the ability to cook and to make infusions. It also allows for the steeping of plant roots and greens that are high in potassium and magnesium to replenish lost electrolytes. If you do not have a balanced electrolyte profile, the water you drink is going to hurt you more than help you. Pack a little iodized salt to replace iodine, sodium and chloride and know your local edible plants to replace potassium and magnesium, and you have the ability to achieve a perfectly balanced electrolyte profile to maximize uptake of water from the bloodstream through the cell membrane to optimize hydration and health. A water filter is going to provide you with clean water. But you could suffer for it greatly without having the ability to replace electrolytes. This is why a metal container is an absolute must in 99% of situations. Is it doable without a metal container? Absolutely. But the amount of work it takes to do something as simple as be able to make a refreshing tea is not worth the expenditure of calories.
Knife (Preferably 8”-10”) Hatchet (2’) Folding Shovel Cordage (Preferably Paracord) Fire Rod Fresh/clean water is the most important, but there are many many ways to manufacture fresh/clean water without being a filtration system. Second most important is shelter & with the above provided tools, a long term dugout shelter is just 8-10 hours of work away.
1. Husqvarna carpenter axe 2. Hammock with a mosquito net 3. Canteen with built-in filter 4. Silky big boy saw 5. Magnesium rod My backpack doesn't count cause i need something to carry everything.
1. Uma bom machete (fulltang) 2. Um filtro de agua 3. Um zippo (com as pedras e combustível) 4. Abrigo de emergência (provavelmente uma rede pra dormir no alto) 5. Uma calibre 12 Break Action de um cano (com uma caixa de chumbo misto)
1: Shotgun 2: ammunition buckshot & slugs 3: ferro rod 4: Hatchet 5: bush pot Anything you can trap with wire won’t have enough fat to sustain you you will starve with a stomach full of small game. Also you would need massive amounts of skill to take large game with a spear. Good video though 😊
I always said I’d take a top quality double bladed axe. If I had my pick. You can use it as a knife, axe, I can shave with mine it’s so sharp. Plus it’s better for protection. Enjoyed the video.
An axe is great if you're building a log cabin by yourself but too cumbersome for most of the things that a knife excels at like skinning and processing game, fine carving, etc.
@@MarilynStangl I agree it’s cumbersome but the natives used to skin with a sharp rock. Plus there are many different styles of double blade axes. If you had a big falling axes would be heavy. I forged a narrow Michigan style and it’s only about 4 pounds and it’s insanely sharp. I do agree it’s definitely got a lot of disadvantages but it would allow for two sharp ends and frees up day a gill net or whatever. Have a great day.
I'd go a bit different. 1) water filtration. Lack of water will kill you quicker than almost anything else in most environments. 2) Compass. Getting lost will also kill you. I actually recently had a moment where I got disoriented in Nevada in 105 degree heat. Missed my truck and passed by the parking lot in a harsh environment. But I was able to quickly identify it, pull out my compass, and get back alive. 3) Heavy knife or a small hatchet. You can do a lot either these things, probably doesn't need explanation. 4) Cordage 5) A 1 liter cooking pot. It will hold most of my other things, and I can also purify water, cook food, etc. If I could add a 6th, it would be the ferro rod. Fire is also critical but I have the skills to start a fire without that. If you don't, probably swap the cooking pot with a ferro rod.
If you got the pot you could boil the water and wouldn't need the filter. Then you could cook easier. And carry water that was already boiled for purifcation. Who knows most lists are pretty good, including yours.
@carylee7118 yeah, but boiling only *kinda* works, depending on your source. It's doesn't get the dirt out haha. Plus you have to have fire before you can get safe water that way, which can be unfortunate if you find yourself in a place where you need water. But you are right. It is slightly redundant. 5 things is a tricky list to pare it down to. And to be fair, usually what I actually carry is water filter, compass, knife, cordage, and med-kit, at least when I'm hiking. Pots just don't fit in a very small backpack well haha.
Experience will dictate what is most useful for you... Fire is #1 so ferro rod. I wear mine on a leather boot lace around my neck. 2. Axe is the most useful tool, for shelter, firewood, defense, raft building etc. Belt sheath included of course. 3. A large reflective emergency blanket, (non crinkle variety) for warmth, water repelling and shelter cover on rainy days. 4. Pot for boiling water, cooking, carrying water. 5. Large wool poncho for warmth and blanket since sleep is so important. 70 years since my Dad started my outdoor skills training so that's what makes me secure and comfortable with the least effort expended...
I haven't watched your video yet. But I will tell you what I'd want to have being a former military member, a mercenary in Yugoslavia, a survivalist and prepper and a former member of a state militia.. 1. knife. 2.. fire starter. 3. water filter. 4. tarp. 5. fish hooks & line I can manage everything else fairly easily. Been there and done that for nearly a year. I don't actually need these items but having them makes life a bit less complicated! 😊
1- knife (5 to 6 inches ) 2-faro rod ( 1/2in by 5in ) 3-10x10 tarp 4-down quilt 5-backpack ( externalframe ) if a backpack is all ready included then 5 would be a mid sized camp axe around a 2 1/2 lb one in the hudson bay style.
theres a show called "can you survive in the wild alone" 10 contestants, deep alaskan woods, before they were there for 48 hours, 3 of them bailed out due to bears and wolves. everyone of them brought 10 items which included everything he said here and other stuff, but no1 brought a gun. you think your tough until your 20 feet from a kodiak without a gun
Id change the rod for a Bic lighter and the water purification for a 2 gallon metal pot and the little survival tube tent for a 20 foot square mylar tarp. Good principles though.
I would often hike in the deserts and pack the fewest items. One was a car door from a 73 Ford Pinto. A Park ranger on horseback witnessed me carrying the car door across the desert, came up to me & asked why I was carrying the car door? I explained to him that I will have the ability to roll down the window in the event I became too hot. He said ok, and wished me a good day.
Remind people you dont necessarily need ti be out on a hike, you can keep it all in your car! And probably need it most then!? And only take it out of the car on a hike! But if your car ever breaks down you're ready! Most wont! 🧐🤔🤨🤷🏼
If you're not taking gloves, opt for a knife with a standard micarta, g10, or other traditional handle material. Otherwise, you're going to end up with blister issues, which will become infection issues, which might kill you. Your hands will be important tools in this scenario. You don't want to mess them up and not be able to use them.
1. A survival expert 2. Broken leg 3. Another broken leg ( so survival expert does everything) 4. Picture of fake family( to ensure survival expert won’t leave me behind) 5. A really good BIG book
For me it would be a knife (or axe), pot(s), matches (or lighter), sleeping bag, and map. A canoe, tent and bug dope would be good too. I don't see the point of water purification; most streams and lakes are clean enough and you can boil the water. An axe can help make a lean-to. The fishing line makes sense -- but don't you need a hook too? A sleeping bag and tent are necessary in cold or rainy weather. One also needs proper clothing. You can't just have 5 items to survive the wilderness for any length of time.
![Jordan Adetunji - KEHLANI REMIX (feat. Kehlani) [Official Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EeJ8n5PxFGE/mqdefault.jpg)
1: helicopter
2: helicopter fuel
3: helicopter pilot
4: map
5: compass
Haha
That's fair that makes sense Jesus Christ loves you
One question can all of that fit in a backpack
Don't foget the billionaire status.😊
Thinking outside da box
1: Tent
2: Beer
3: More Beer
4: Sleeping bag
5: Rope (to hang myself when I run out of beer)
Add a second dry sleeping bag
As long as its IPA or Pale Ales. None of that shite pilsener and lager beer.
Good call
@@anoldgeezer1 Don’t mind me. Me just being an idiot beer snob. Must have been drunk when posting the reply.
Your not on my team 😂😂😂😂😂😂
Moral of the story...... NEVER LIMIT yourself to 5 items.
Limit yourself to zero items, because when shtf, you are not likely to have any if your fancy "survival" kit. Practice with none of your survivor porn, and learn the skills you need. Real survivalists would say. "I'll take the knife, but you can keep all the other crap."
@@Erebus.666. You're still taking a knife. That's definitely NOT zero. Let me guess... you want the fero rod with the knife and a sheath for the knife... and a good pair of boots.... etc.
He forgot hair gel, seems like the person.
But to much isnt good
@@Erebus.666.always be ready, also real survivalists will take as much tools to help them survive as they can like a fucking lighter ???
Best water filtration is a milking goat. They drink the water, you drink the milk.
You can also probably drink goat pee too.
@@matthewkopp2391 much easier to collect milk than pee. You'd have to be kinda nuts to drink waste water.
You better milk the bull. 😅
@@SAV175 That sounds like something a bit too exciting for this dull guy.
And they pack gear you don't want to.
A truck, a rifle, a credit card, a personal locator beacon and Dave Canterbury.
A credit card is good tinder . Any survival situation is better with a super Dave .
1. Hot sauce
2. A magnet
3. A spoon
4. Guitar strings
5. Obama
Not to bash Dave, but to the survival/Bushcraft community he's overhyped. Nearly everything he's done is copied from other's and he gives no credit to those he's taken it from. It's just making videos in his backyard of things he's learned. I'm sure he's a great guy, but there's a lot of people out there that actually live this stuff and use it daily.
@@dogma7911 Have you ever attendee one of his courses by any chance? Or are you going by what you see on Social Media?
And, EVERYBODY is doing what they've been taught or learned elsewhere. No one is inventing woodsmanship.
As for the "bushcraft" commieunity, it would be a feather in Dave's cap to be ostricized by him, but they love him. He has the #1 best selling bushcraft book of all time across the planet in multiple languages.
The "bushcraft" commieunity isn't exactly anything to aspire too anyway...not for a woodsman.
There are a few pockets of good places like BushcraftUSA and a few channels, but for the most part, the most popular bushcrafters are 1/2 naked Asian girls making earth shelters with a machete.
As for the survival community, Dave's probably the foremost creator of affordable products that are readily available to the common man. No one else can say that.
All he does is contributes to the genre and while some are hating him on social media, he's literally training SAR (Search And Rescue) teams....you know them, right? The guys & gals who go out and rescue lost bushcrafters and hikers. LOL
@@dogma7911 You literally described every Bushcraft RUclipsr, hell you described every bushcrafter. Taking skills other people developed and using it or showing how to use it to others. And actually he has mentions the books and guides written by Kepart and a few others many times from the colonial and early USA days. Gear he uses is always mentioned who made it be it a person or a company. Also overhyped is not the same thing as popular. He is in the upper echelon of bushcrafters that make content on the internet in terms of skill and viewer count. Overhyping would be if he was in the 50% range of skill and people making him out to be in the 80% range. From watching a lot of different videos from different people over the years on different techniques and ideas, preferences and what not he is up there in the top 80%-90%
1)Machete. (ESEE 18' spear point)
2)9'x6' double sided thermal blanket. (reflective/orange)
3)Ust stormproof floating lighter.
4)Zebra loop handle pot 3.1L.
5)Fox40 sonik blast whistle.
1: a house
2:a store with free food
3:a helicopter that uses water
4:a train to the nearest town
5: a post apocalyptic sea snail
You got to be one hell of a man with a 18 ft machete😂😂
@@heygoogle2475 18 inch
I would use orange paracord on everything. It’s a lot easier to find things when they’re not camo 😂
Can’t argue with the list, spot on.
depends on the style of surviving like not the world going to shit yeah would use orange line. But like SHTF survival ima use green or brown line.
Makes me want a tigerstripe and blaze colored reversible tarp actually.
Blue is actually more visible than orange or less likely to blend in. Hunters use orange because game, mainly deer, can see blue.
Sleeping bag
@@crazeeazreally?
People underestimate just how important it is for a human to have a blade, a means to make fire, and drinking water is
Bic lighter in the handle if the knife...or 5 or them in your pocket.
@@donaldberry2101much higher chance of those breaking or running out. Lower chance of lighting when soaked as well
My number item will always be a pot. Water is the biggest most important thing in survival. You can always make a sharp something to cut. You can find cordage in most places. You can create fire other ways but you need to be able to filter water somehow or clean it. And the pot is good for so many other things too. Everyone always says a knife first but I would always say a pot as number one especially if I only get one thing.
A pot is a great choice, but remember it's possible to make a container out of a section of log by charring the inside out with coals, blowing out the flame on the sides as it works it's way down, and then hot rock boiling water inside of it.
@@pop4b0is2 I had never heard of that process. I'll have to check it out. The other good but also not. Good thing is unfortunately there's almost always trash everywhere you go and so a lot of times you can find something to use as a container or to boil stuff too
@@sock979 Ranger Survival and Field Craft from the Pathfinder school made a really good video on creating the 5 C's of survivability from the landscape with zero tools, I recommend watching it to study the technique
ruclips.net/video/7wdtPQxmvrk/видео.html
I agree a pot is very important but your Wonder how our ancestors Neanderthal man survived with no pot
@@outdoorguy845Well, they probably just drank water from natural sources.
I don't think Neanderthals possessed water purification knowledge.
I don't even think Humans knew about micro-organisms in water until just a few centuries ago.
1 lifetime supply of food
2 lifetime supply of water
3 portable home
4 gun
5 ammo
Agreed!!
so...a farmer in an rv?
How come no one ever mentions toilet paper
@@gohome678 bidet time then
@@gohome678 cause its hard to keep.
Mylar is too brittle, use a tarp instead. Will reflect heat from fire and can be used as a shelter in many ways.
1: cell phone
2: LandNav kit (compass,map,blaze tape)
3: fire capability
4: shelter capability
5: water capability
Great Video on 5 decent items to carry. Don't carry unnecessary garbage. Everything He shows you has multiple uses. Excellent!
I'm trying to find a decent size ferro rod. All I've turned up are puny little things. Better than nothing tho
@@savage22bolt32 the small ones work as well as the bigger ones. And u can cord em on a necklace…🤣I’ve lost sooo many before I started doing that
@@cristymenapace2508 but, "bigger is better" lol!
you should package that in an ammo can and sell it
I don’t think he’ll sell his custom knife he made
@@coopermonaghan1615if he can mass produce it it would be pretty great i think
@@wow50000That's a pretty big jump. CNC mills are not cheap.
@@Under-Kaoz fair, would it be possible to contract a machining company to make em or use another technique such as die casting or drop forging ?
@@wow50000 Of course he can always contact a job shop or something similar. Just aint going to be cheap. Im a toolmaker and we journeyman like other trades. I make $35/hr plus the profit cost theyd have to pay.
Me personally I’d switch out the portable shelter for a Russian doll style mess kit. A quick shelter can be built in a few hours.
NOT IF ITS POURING RAIN.
Yeah waterproofing would be a problem
Hard to choose between the water filter and a small/medium metal pot. Also my shelter would be a big heavy duty tarp
Agree about filter and pot but u make make a filter out of sand charcoal rocks and a plastic bottle u find..then boil it in the pot
An old marine told me all you need is your underwear and a bayonet. I wonder where he is now. 🤔 🤣
@nedkelly3436not if there are rocks around. 😊
@nedkelly3436But still alive
Naked and starving
Nah he eating the enemies he kills he well fed, marines are crazy
Surviving...duh😂
A cooking pot is more versatile and replaces a water filter’s function.
A plain tarp is more versatile and durable than an emergency bivy tent.
A small ferro rod works just as well and is… smaller.
Survivorcord is awesome.
A bigger ferr rod is somewhat easier to light and can have more uses is think
How are you gonna argue a smaller ferro rod would help but suggest he use a cooking pot and tarp, a larger ferro rod is hardly any more difficult to carry than a small one but there’s a a lot more required for a pot and tarp
LOL , Youre clearly one of those annoying know-it-alls that must always be right
You say get a small ferro rod because its smaller(literally 1” smaller!!! )But then proceed to say get a pot and a freaking tarp. For someone that was so concerned about the extra inch on the ferro rod , you sure did end up splurging w the pot and tarp
The pot only works for water if you have fire which he specifically said in case he loses his fire. Also it doesn't filter heavy metals.
I would take it: 1) knife 2) Paracord 3) stainless steel water jug 4) life straw 5) waterproof tarp
To me a good stainless pot with a carry handle is so much better than a water filter. The ability to carry large amounts of water and boil it can make all the difference.
As long as you have fire. Some situations may keep you from building fires
Can't boil out dirt, debris or certain organisms that can survive boiling water as we as freezing water
Fair enough. The only difference my answer had was a rucksack in place of the cordage, but that's only because the areas that I'm used to that I would chose to go survive in have an absolute abundance of dogbane, and I'm used to turning that into rope pretty quickly and easily. Used to make rope out of it when I was bored as a kid. Meanwhile a good rucksack means less trips gathering supplies, and the ability to carry more tools and supplies over longer distances.
What time of year is best for making that cordage
If you have a tarp, you have a container.
If you have cordage, you have a net-based container as well.
With few items your tarp/poncho can be your container and with cordage you can create a backpack frame
A hand cranked battery charger, a satellite phone(or maybe an EPIRB), a bottle of whisky, a good book, and a comfy chair to wait in until the chopper arrives.
You can take a stick and draw a rectangle on the ground if you don’t have bedding. It’ll keep the bugs away.
Or carve a pentagram...bugs and demons.
@@donaldberry2101 finally someone who knows the actual use of pentagrams
1. Knife (I can make feather sticks and the means to make fire - preferably a bow drill fire starter)
2. Cordage (see above and for lashings, traps, etc.)
3. Water purifier with carbon filter
4. Canteen or larger water carrier
5. Means to sharpen knife
In my part of Texas there are enough natural materials to construct shelter, provide food (cactus, yucca, wild fruits, acorns, pecans, squirrels, deer, raccoon, etc.), and building hunting gear (bow, arrows, spear, etc.) and fishing gear (nettles, cane/bamboo, worms/grubs, etc.). Survival is possible, but my wife would nag me about all of it because she's not yet had her rough camping experience.
1. satelite phone
2. gps
3. beer
4. bottle opener
5. cooked steak
How can u survive without cigarettes?😂
I agree 97%, if your carrying para-cord why not use a really great sturdy handle instead cord. Just a thought
The 5 Cs! You passed the Dave Canterbury survival test! Hell yes 🙌🏼
Cnife
Cordage
Cferro rod
Camping tent
Cwater filter
Moral of the story, you will never go in to the wild with only 5 items, maybe 5 beers but that's that.
I'd switch the knife out for a reliable hatchet because it'll be easier to cut trees down and you can have more cordage on the handle of the hatchet you can do everything a knife can do with a hatchet
Amen
A knife is much more versatile!
I concure
@@xDivinitysCreaturex not to mean this in a douche bag way but what can a knife do that a hatchet cant
@@kneecapcollector1778 I think you tagged the wrong person bro
'If I was only allowed'
TV has really become ingrained in our thought process.
What do you mean
@@Nick-oj8ohI assume they mean that they’d never be a situation where they weren’t allowed more than five items… unless it was some kind of TV show.
Time machine to go back and decide to NOT get off my ass and put myself in a situation where I would need cord to make a spear and a stick to make fire.😅
1. Remington 870 12 gauge
2. 12 gauge 3 inch buck shot
3. Buck knife
4. WD40
5. Duct tape.
In a survival situation I'd insist on ONE more item. A means to protect myself from anyone who wanted my 5 other items.
If you're not savvy enough to work out what the knife is for, don't bother spending too much time fooling yourself that you have the wits to survive anything more than a milk run to the store.
Why not own and use firearms? Who’s anyone else, no matter who or what he/she is, to say that you can’t? According to natural law, you have the right to own whatever you want as long as you’re treating others right. “Governmental law” is under natural law, and Biblical Law is the Supreme Law.
@@tikdophif we are surviving in the woods and you have a knife but I want everything you have and I have a gun, then I’m leaving with everything.
@@tokerpoker4641 If we are surviving in the woods and you take my knife, when you fall asleep I will have my knife back plus your firearm and some bear bait! Or we could work together and have an easier time surviving! Your choice!!!
@@nathanadrian7797 you are assuming that people will not act irrational… I would be long gone and not asleep but that’s assuming that you are still alive and don’t catch one to the dome. Personally I would avoid any and all conflict but do not assume everyone else will.
As soon as he said turn his knife into a spear, I tuned out.
"lemme roughly tie my only other weapon and most reliable tool I have onto a stick (that I could've just sharpened) to either jab a predator at close range, hoping it doesn't come within knife range, or throw at prey that may or may not run away for 30 minutes"
What are the 4 things that kill a person in the wild?
No air, 3 minutes
Exposure, 3 hours
No water, 3 days
No food, 3 weeks
You need: blanket with some type of small tarp.
Water purification unit.
Something to boil water in.
Lighter, lots of lighters.
After this, add anything you want.
Misery Index
Mental toughest: Cold water makes you the most miserable in the shortest amount of time. After finishing your next shower, turn the hot water off and stay in the cold for 5 seconds, then build up to 10 seconds. Keep this up until you can just stand the cold water, but still function. Try to tie a knot or do a simple math problem to test yourself.
Learn to eat something that tastes horrible. This isn't a dining experience, it's to keep you alive. Start with liver, brains, or other organ meat.
Next try crickets and grasshoppers. Work your way to gophers, rats, and pigeons.
You're not trying to develop a taste for these, you're just trying to choke it down and keep it down. Chew these toward the back of your mouth where there are less taste buds.
Once in the jungle, a woman offered me a handfull of grubs. She had been kind enough to gather them and offer them to me, so i felt obligated to eat them. Did they taste nutty? No, they tasted like caca. I will spare you the story of dining on a walrus colon. But it was almost all fat and full of calories. I suggest using a finger to get the lard off the roof of your mouth and a few mints after such a meal.
Where are the hot water faucets?
Swap the water filter for a container to boil water. But the reality is you won't be stuck with just five items
I love survivor cordage! I also made my own Bowie with a Paracord wrapped handle. And a big old fat fero rod on the sheeth as well.
Personally the only place my ferro rod will be is on a breakaway lanyard around my neck.
1.Knife with stone on sheath
2. Axe
3. Cordage
4. Metal water bottle with detachable metal cup/mug
5. Fero rod
1. clear plastic
2. pot
3. knife
4. ferro rod
5. That tube tent
Clear plastic can be used to power a solar still. No need to worry about filtration. Your filter isn't going to useful when you can't find water. My solar still can be used in almost any environment.
Im assuming a fully loaded gun wasn't an option..??
Its an option if it's in your top 5.
If I can take 5 things into the woods a firearm is absolutely going to be one of them.
You'd need to take bullets too, that leaves you with just 3 more things
@@timidb I think a loaded firearm would suffice. Bullets wouldn’t be useful but the gun loaded with ammunition would be.
With that said a firearm could take up 4 spots. A life straw is the only thing possibly worth taking in it’s place. Everything else is extra.
@@jstud999 what are you gonna make shelter with?
How are you gonna start a fire? And what happens when you run out of ammo?
@@timidb timber and brush
I would take
1 My Becker BK2
2. 100 ft 550 parachord
3. Stanley Cook Pot
4. Ferro rod
5. E-tool
I can use the parachord, BK2 and Etool to build a shelter. Ive built simple ones to more solid with just the knife and parachord as a ridgeline or to lash and frap a solid top for a lean-to. The e tool is good for a coyote well also some chopping or digging a dakota fire pit or digging down to lay leaves over a simple makeshift bed. Of course this list could change if I were given weather, season, location of water source. But Ive used just those before for over night use.
More ideal:
1. Knife
2. Saw
3. Twine
4. Pot
5. Container
Don't need the metal bar and flint, just use two sticks
Don't need water filtration, boil it with the pot
One question: Why turn your knife into a spear and risk losing or breaking your only tool?
Because it's too hard to sharpen the end of a stick! Right!
Killing
A needle and thread to repair the rip in your jeans should be near the top of your list. You don't want to be losing body heat through inadequate clothing.
more important than the knfie? more important than the ferro rod? more important than what??
1. E-Tool/Axe to dig & chop firewood 👈
2. Knife w/compass👈
3. Loads of 550 cord👈
4. Backpack to carry stuff (canteen, space blanket, tent)
5. Ultimate 1st aid kit
1. Tin Pot
2. Tarp
3. Sleeping bag
4. Gopro to film it for my channel. Everything else I can make myself.
Great video. Follows the 5 C’s, looks like a great bare minimum kit. Nice, brother
No container.
Crack
Crack
Crack
Crack
Cinnamon?
Might have to be more specific which 5 c’s you meant 😊
@@B4LLB49 cutting tool
Combustion device
Cover
Container
Cordage
Add tweezers in the first add kit please, even cheap bulk tweezers would work. Keep well one love🤝
Being stuck on a deserted island without a good pair of tweezers is a nightmare scenario for me, a close 2nd to being buried alive.
1.wifi
2.gaming set up
3.electricity
4.home with roof
5.mcdonald food
1. the latest and largest fully fueled Mercedes Benz Unimog GPS equipt expedition model with barbeque grill
2. a large camping refrigerator full of ice cream, MREs, bacon, eggs, Japanese wagyu steaks, blue marlin steaks, Gatorade, water.
3. satphone
4. Cold Steel Trailmaster in 3v
5. a bank account with $200B
I love that survivor cord! I keep it by the spool full
Not sure which brand you have, but I don't care for it.
What do you use it for?
@@Rabbit-the-One shelter building fishing snaring and fire building. It has a wax cord inside it that catches spark, a metal snare wire, a fishing string, and several smaller strands for tying things together. It does a good job
The problem with survivor cord is that to access the wire or wax cord, etc. you have to break down the survivor cord or cut pieces off it. When it becomes the source of so many wants and needs it doesn't last long!
Can you still get it with snare wire ,mono fishing line, and fire wire?
You should still boil water after filtering it, it’s actually more important to boil it than filter it.
Filtering water removes mostly just visible contamination: namely macroscopic-organisms and particulate. But boiling it kills the left over bacteria and viruses. (A good filter will also remove *some* dissolved solids and non-water liquids but not all)
Consuming a little dirt is a lot less dangerous than ingesting large amounts of infectious microorganisms.
I do agree you can't filter as well as boiling, however boiling water takes a lot of fuel, a lot of time, and only when a fire won't give away your presence or position. A combo of both can be great. Hard to carry water in a lot when on the move. Boil when you can only filter when you can't boil fast enough
I was thinking the same, but instead of a water filter id have a metal canteen of some sort. The idea being that you can keep water on you and also use the canteen to boil water
Not all gravity water filters are the same. Mini-Sawyer has 0.01 micron filter, so does HydroBlu.
None of the hat guarantees food for longer term survival and the Mylar tent is a fragile open ended tube that won’t last long in high wind.
With 5 items he could have chosen a real tent, a warm sleeping bag, a 5 day ration pack, a water bottle filter and a satellite messenger/PLB in case he can’t get out ok.
Long distance ultralight backpackers don’t typically lose their stuff. Learning how to secure a compact pack and not lose it means you can rely on having all the gear you need.
“This one is 9 inches, I made it my self”
1) A water bottle with purifying filter
2) a hatchet for wood
3) 50’ of paracord
4) a head lamp
5) $80,000 camper fully stocked with food and first aid supplies
You heard my guy right. He has the following items,
1) cutting tool
2) cordage
3) combustable tool
4) cover
5) container
Are the knives you make for sale?
that’s what I’m saying that thing was sick
Could you provide the link for the shelter?
1. Ferro rod
2. Tarp
3. Metal canteen and nesting cup
4. Carbon steel knife. Full tang.
5. A shit ton of cordage. Paracord and bankline.
1. Mid size ax
2. Good lighter
3. Bushcraft knife
4. Water filter
5. Solid bow and arrows
1. Axe 2. Scotch eye 3. 20x20 tarp 4. Ferrorod 5. Pot with a water tight lid ( if you’ve ever watched naked and afraid basically the same pots they give them)
That knife was so epic. But I would change the water filtration with a 1 layer steel kanteen. Because even if you lose your forro rod you can make fire with your knife (making a bow fire set)
1: AR10 Rifle with a scope
2: Glock 34
3: Ammo for aforementioned weapons
4: Firestarter
5: Portable shelter.
1. PLB or satellite messenger
2. Knife
3. Bic lighter in an Ecotac case
4. Nylon tarp
5. A bag of Food
Lets face it, you have a PLB. In an emergency youll be rescued in 24 hrs anyways. Make a fire, make lunch, and wait it out. Kind of eliminates the survival when you have a PLB.
1) 4x4 Motorhome
2) Beautiful curvy maiden
3) Over stocked fridge
4) Cold Beer
5) Fishing rod
Those are the 5 C's of Dave Canterbury.
1. Cutting tool
2. Cordage
3. Cover
4. Combustion
5. Container for water
After the use of the cord on the knife handle. There is no doubt you have an answer but please share it. Your awesome dude 👊🏻
1: Knife
2: Flashlight
3: Canteen
4: Tent
5: Pot (To boil water or cook food)
Without a container if you lose that water filter, you could be screwed as far as hydration. Always a container that allows you to boil water. Why put yourself in a situation where you’re having to burn out a bowl from wood and heat or boil water with hot stones? The only caveat for me would be that I would definitely choose a water filtration system if I was worried that the water I would have to use may be contaminated with high nitrates or contaminants like mercury or zinc or lead. In that case boiling will do nothing to remove them. It would be very situational for me as to which I would bring if I could not bring both. Otherwise, I will always opt to bring a metal container and boil. Which consequently also allows me the ability to cook and to make infusions. It also allows for the steeping of plant roots and greens that are high in potassium and magnesium to replenish lost electrolytes. If you do not have a balanced electrolyte profile, the water you drink is going to hurt you more than help you. Pack a little iodized salt to replace iodine, sodium and chloride and know your local edible plants to replace potassium and magnesium, and you have the ability to achieve a perfectly balanced electrolyte profile to maximize uptake of water from the bloodstream through the cell membrane to optimize hydration and health. A water filter is going to provide you with clean water. But you could suffer for it greatly without having the ability to replace electrolytes. This is why a metal container is an absolute must in 99% of situations. Is it doable without a metal container? Absolutely. But the amount of work it takes to do something as simple as be able to make a refreshing tea is not worth the expenditure of calories.
1. Knife
2. Ferro rod
3.folding silky saw
4. Spool of Wire
5. Old school canvas poncho
1:Survival knife
2: Root beer
3:Ferorod
4:Military woobie blanket tarp
5:perocord
1 Tent
2 water Bottle
3 Torch
4 knife
5 Mug
Knife (Preferably 8”-10”)
Hatchet (2’)
Folding Shovel
Cordage (Preferably Paracord)
Fire Rod
Fresh/clean water is the most important, but there are many many ways to manufacture fresh/clean water without being a filtration system.
Second most important is shelter & with the above provided tools, a long term dugout shelter is just 8-10 hours of work away.
1. Cutting tool
2. Shelter
3. Container for water SS water bottle
4. Cordage
5. Fire making kit.
You chose the item for each category
1. Husqvarna carpenter axe
2. Hammock with a mosquito net
3. Canteen with built-in filter
4. Silky big boy saw
5. Magnesium rod
My backpack doesn't count cause i need something to carry everything.
1. Uma bom machete (fulltang)
2. Um filtro de agua
3. Um zippo (com as pedras e combustível)
4. Abrigo de emergência (provavelmente uma rede pra dormir no alto)
5. Uma calibre 12 Break Action de um cano (com uma caixa de chumbo misto)
1. Tarp
2. Cord
3. Insect net
4. Knife
5. Farrow rod
1: Shotgun
2: ammunition buckshot & slugs
3: ferro rod
4: Hatchet
5: bush pot
Anything you can trap with wire won’t have enough fat to sustain you you will starve with a stomach full of small game. Also you would need massive amounts of skill to take large game with a spear. Good video though 😊
I always said I’d take a top quality double bladed axe. If I had my pick.
You can use it as a knife, axe, I can shave with mine it’s so sharp. Plus it’s better for protection.
Enjoyed the video.
An axe is great if you're building a log cabin by yourself but too cumbersome for most of the things that a knife excels at like skinning and processing game, fine carving, etc.
@@MarilynStangl I agree it’s cumbersome but the natives used to skin with a sharp rock.
Plus there are many different styles of double blade axes. If you had a big falling axes would be heavy. I forged a narrow Michigan style and it’s only about 4 pounds and it’s insanely sharp.
I do agree it’s definitely got a lot of disadvantages but it would allow for two sharp ends and frees up day a gill net or whatever.
Have a great day.
I'd go a bit different.
1) water filtration. Lack of water will kill you quicker than almost anything else in most environments.
2) Compass. Getting lost will also kill you. I actually recently had a moment where I got disoriented in Nevada in 105 degree heat. Missed my truck and passed by the parking lot in a harsh environment. But I was able to quickly identify it, pull out my compass, and get back alive.
3) Heavy knife or a small hatchet. You can do a lot either these things, probably doesn't need explanation.
4) Cordage
5) A 1 liter cooking pot. It will hold most of my other things, and I can also purify water, cook food, etc.
If I could add a 6th, it would be the ferro rod. Fire is also critical but I have the skills to start a fire without that. If you don't, probably swap the cooking pot with a ferro rod.
If you got the pot you could boil the water and wouldn't need the filter. Then you could cook easier. And carry water that was already boiled for purifcation. Who knows most lists are pretty good, including yours.
@carylee7118 yeah, but boiling only *kinda* works, depending on your source. It's doesn't get the dirt out haha. Plus you have to have fire before you can get safe water that way, which can be unfortunate if you find yourself in a place where you need water.
But you are right. It is slightly redundant. 5 things is a tricky list to pare it down to. And to be fair, usually what I actually carry is water filter, compass, knife, cordage, and med-kit, at least when I'm hiking. Pots just don't fit in a very small backpack well haha.
1. 50 cal
2. Beer
3. Xbox
4. Something to hook up Xbox
5. Bear Grylls
Experience will dictate what is most useful for you...
Fire is #1 so ferro rod.
I wear mine on a leather boot lace around my neck.
2. Axe is the most useful tool, for shelter, firewood, defense, raft building etc. Belt sheath included of course.
3. A large reflective emergency blanket, (non crinkle variety) for warmth, water repelling and shelter cover on rainy days.
4. Pot for boiling water, cooking, carrying water.
5. Large wool poncho for warmth and blanket since sleep is so important.
70 years since my Dad started my outdoor skills training so that's what makes me secure and comfortable with the least effort expended...
I haven't watched your video yet.
But I will tell you what I'd want to have being a former military member, a mercenary in Yugoslavia, a survivalist and prepper and a former member of a state militia..
1. knife.
2.. fire starter.
3. water filter.
4. tarp.
5. fish hooks & line
I can manage everything else fairly easily.
Been there and done that for nearly a year.
I don't actually need these items but having them makes life a bit less complicated! 😊
1. House
2. Grocery store (stocked)
3. Arcade
4. Beer
5. A friend
1- knife (5 to 6 inches )
2-faro rod ( 1/2in by 5in )
3-10x10 tarp
4-down quilt
5-backpack ( externalframe )
if a backpack is all ready included then 5 would be a mid sized camp axe around a 2 1/2 lb one in the hudson bay style.
1. Rifle w/ ammo
2. Some sort of water filtation (tablets/life straw)
3. Tent/tarp
4. Solid full tang knife
5. As much cordage as possible
theres a show called "can you survive in the wild alone" 10 contestants, deep alaskan woods, before they were there for 48 hours, 3 of them bailed out due to bears and wolves. everyone of them brought 10 items which included everything he said here and other stuff, but no1 brought a gun. you think your tough until your 20 feet from a kodiak without a gun
Id change the rod for a Bic lighter and the water purification for a 2 gallon metal pot and the little survival tube tent for a 20 foot square mylar tarp. Good principles though.
I would often hike in the deserts and pack the fewest items. One was a car door from a 73 Ford Pinto. A Park ranger on horseback witnessed me carrying the car door across the desert, came up to me & asked why I was carrying the car door?
I explained to him that I will have the ability to roll down the window in the event I became too hot. He said ok, and wished me a good day.
Remind people you dont necessarily need ti be out on a hike, you can keep it all in your car! And probably need it most then!?
And only take it out of the car on a hike!
But if your car ever breaks down you're ready! Most wont!
🧐🤔🤨🤷🏼
1: S&W .44 magnum
2: 1 .44 Magnum round
3: 1 Cuban Cigar
4: A bottle of Scotch
5: Cassette player with an AC/DC track
If you're not taking gloves, opt for a knife with a standard micarta, g10, or other traditional handle material. Otherwise, you're going to end up with blister issues, which will become infection issues, which might kill you. Your hands will be important tools in this scenario. You don't want to mess them up and not be able to use them.
Good that.
1. Knife.
2. Ferro rod.
3. Thin cooking pot.
4. Water filter/with jug.
5. Tarp.
6. Cordage.
7. Rubbing alcohol or something potent for medical.
1 Axe - double-sided preferred.
2 knife - just a dependable one
3 lighter - Bic
4 cordage
5 tarp
1. A survival expert
2. Broken leg
3. Another broken leg ( so survival expert does everything)
4. Picture of fake family( to ensure survival expert won’t leave me behind)
5. A really good BIG book
1. Aircraft carrier
2. Tons of dirt
3. Seeds
4. Solar panels
5. Gaming setup
For me it would be a knife (or axe), pot(s), matches (or lighter), sleeping bag, and map. A canoe, tent and bug dope would be good too. I don't see the point of water purification; most streams and lakes are clean enough and you can boil the water. An axe can help make a lean-to. The fishing line makes sense -- but don't you need a hook too? A sleeping bag and tent are necessary in cold or rainy weather. One also needs proper clothing. You can't just have 5 items to survive the wilderness for any length of time.