Animation | How a P N junction semiconductor works | forward reverse bias | diffusion drift current

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  • Опубликовано: 18 май 2014
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    This simple animation video clearly explains the topics P-N junction semi conductor or diode, what is forward bias and reverse bias, what is diffusion current and drift current, what is avalanche breakdown etc
    What is a P -- N junction semiconductor and how is it formed?
    The PN junction semi conductor is a combination of P type semiconductor with N type semiconductor to achieve the practical utility of both. It's formed, when a P type semi conductor is joined to an N type semiconductor.
    The P type semiconductor has free holes with positive charged and the N type semiconductor has free electrons with negatively charge.
    What happens when a PN junction is made?
    When P and N semiconductors are joined to make the PN junction semiconductor diode, the electrons near the PN junction jump from N to P and holes near the junction jump from P to N. This phenomenon creates a space charge region or a depletion layer as shown in the video. At this space charge region due to the movement we have electrons in P region and holes in N region. For some time the electrons move back from P to N in the space region or depletion layer and some holes move back from N to P in the space region. This continues to happen till equilibrium is reached. This movement of electrons and holes in the space region or diffusion layer gives rise to Diffusion current.
    What is Forward bias and how does it occur?
    Forward bias occurs when the positive terminal of battery is connected to the P region and the negative terminal of battery is connected to the N region. In this condition what happens is the positive terminal repels the holes towards the junction and the negative terminal repels the electrons towards the junction. Due to this repulsion, the depletion region or space region narrows down as shown in the video.
    But at a particular condition, If the voltage in the forward bias is above a specified range, the electrons in the N region drifts through the junction and migrates to the P region and the holes in the P region drifts through the junction and migrates to the N region.
    Now the current flows across the circuit and this current are called the Drift current.
    What is Reverse bias and how does it occur?
    Reverse bias occurs when the negative terminal of the battery is connected with the N region and positive terminal with the P region. In this condition holes (positively charged) from the P region get attracted to the negative terminal of the battery and electrons (negatively charged) get attracted to the positive terminal of the battery. This results in the depletion layer to widen up.
    Now the PN junction acts as an insulator and will not allow any current to flow in the circuit. But at a condition, if the battery voltage is above a particular limit, which is called as the reverse bias breakdown voltage level. Electrons and the holes breakdown through the PN junction and cross over resulting in the current to flow through the circuit. This break down is called avalanche breakdown
    In this process the current flowing through the PN junction is very high and ultimately the PN junction gets damaged due to overheating caused by the excess flow of current.
    This is how a PN junction semiconductor works.
    -------
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    Answer to all the below questions are available in this video:
    How pn junction diode works. How diode works, animation diode, animation pn junction, working of pn junction, how does a pn junction semiconductor works, what is avalanche breakdown, what is drift current, how drift current forms, what is space charge region, how space charge region forms, what is depletion layer, how depletion layer formed, how an electric field is formed in pn junction, what is forward bias, what is reverse bias, how forward bias occurs, how reverse bias occurs, what is diffusion current, how diffusion current is formed.

Комментарии • 889

  • @priyanka-pq3zr
    @priyanka-pq3zr 4 года назад +408

    Best video to understand in few minutes, when u are left with one day to exam😂...

  • @kirankumar-ch2gd
    @kirankumar-ch2gd 9 лет назад +324

    POINT TO NOTE:
    A p type semiconductor is not positively charged instead the number the protons and electrons are equal in its lattice.its actually called p-type semiconductor because there is free movement of holes (i.e- positive charge carriers). the same goes for n type semiconductor.. :)

    • @johome10
      @johome10 9 лет назад +4

      is it neutral ? Are holes act like proton except that it can move ? Sorry if my question is stupid . . .

    • @kirankumar-ch2gd
      @kirankumar-ch2gd 9 лет назад +4

      johome10 A p type or n type semiconductor is neutral.the no of protons and electrons are same in the lattice

    • @Souls4Music
      @Souls4Music 5 лет назад

      Could you explain why it is called as holes, how holes can travel?. Protons and electrons can move bcz its physically particles..

    • @tomjoseph1180
      @tomjoseph1180 5 лет назад +43

      @@Souls4Music holes in the lattice points are defects. That means, simply the absence of electrons in valence band are known as holes. And holes do not move practically. These vacant spaces are filled by another electron creating a hole on its place and so on. This causes the shift of holes. This is known as hole current.

    • @saadumer644
      @saadumer644 5 лет назад

      Nice bro

  • @andreavarshini5448
    @andreavarshini5448 3 года назад +13

    Hey, thank you. Im from malaysia. The video really helped me understand the semiconductor diodes better. Thank you once again!!!!!

  • @BlahBlahRainbowFish
    @BlahBlahRainbowFish 9 лет назад +21

    Thaaaaaaank you! My exam is in the morning (it's 22:35 at night) and my lecture notes were a mess for this but this cleared things up haha

    • @bhavna3962
      @bhavna3962 3 года назад +4

      its so weird to think that this comment is 6 years old and ur life is probably completely different now (hope ur doing well!)

    • @shreya-ej4nh
      @shreya-ej4nh 3 года назад

      @@bhavna3962 Lmaoo I wanted to drop an ATB to her, then saw that the comment is 6y old. Yup, his/her life would have changed now. Thought the same. Vibee check. ATB to u instead✨

    • @bhavna3962
      @bhavna3962 3 года назад +1

      @@shreya-ej4nh thank u ! all the best for physics to u!

    • @rajdeeppatil3623
      @rajdeeppatil3623 3 года назад +1

      @@bhavna3962 yeah😅 I was also thinking the same this comment is 6 yrs ago and at this point how different their life will be as compared to 6 yrs ago!
      Anyways, Time tickles😄 Physics never changes. ATB :)

    • @godhelpme8977
      @godhelpme8977 3 года назад

      Hi

  • @bijeshable
    @bijeshable 8 лет назад +192

    this video does not explain the reason for the electric field developing across the junction and avalanche breakdown.
    The p type impurity atoms have only 3 electrons around them and n type impurity atoms have 5 electrons. When a PN junction is made, the excess electrons from the n region moves to the holes(vacant position for electrons) present around the P type impurity atoms. Thus when n region looses one electron, N type impurity atoms becomes positive ions and when the N type impurities accept this electron, they will become negative ions .This creates potential difference across the pn junction.
    The avalanche break down occurs due to the minority carriers present in both regions. When high reverse voltage is applied, the minority charges gain enough energy to break the depletion region causing uncontrollable current flow through the junction.

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  8 лет назад +5

      +bijesh balan Well said..
      For more more info you can email is at techtrixinfo@gmail.com or whats app at +919744615655
      TechTrixInfo

    • @user-gi8uh2pe6t
      @user-gi8uh2pe6t 8 лет назад +1

      +bijesh balan thanku for explaining the fact sir.

    • @sachinmatta3170
      @sachinmatta3170 8 лет назад

      +bijesh balan thanks to you sir!

    • @TheClenchingfists
      @TheClenchingfists 8 лет назад

      +bijesh balan This was great

    • @audumdarjadhav4545
      @audumdarjadhav4545 7 лет назад

      c

  • @ganapathivenkadesh8807
    @ganapathivenkadesh8807 9 лет назад +1

    oh man thank u! i have understood it in first time itself...great teaching

  • @vamshikrishna1131
    @vamshikrishna1131 8 лет назад +28

    Just Awesome. Very clear and neat explaination. Thank you very much sir. Keep up your good work. Pls make more videos about the Power Electronis subject. Becoz, There are whole lot of complex topics in PE that needed to be explained in this Simple manner. Hats off to you sir. You're work is just priceless. God bless you :)

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  8 лет назад +3

      +Vamshi Krishna
      We are honored by that comment.
      For more info you can email us at techtrixinfo@gmail.com or whats app at +919744615655
      TechTrixInfo.com

  • @TheErtracina
    @TheErtracina 9 лет назад +1

    Great, you explained it clearly. Thanks!

  • @miguelmouta5372
    @miguelmouta5372 2 года назад +1

    Cleared obscure points for me .A Thank You from Brazil.

  • @sandy_malla
    @sandy_malla 10 лет назад +12

    it made me understand much as I needed

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  9 лет назад +2

      sandip malla Thank you, Please SUBSCRIBE to us for more videos. We have a face book
      page just search for TechTrixInfo in face book - TechTrixInfo.com

  • @pavithras6891
    @pavithras6891 6 лет назад +1

    Thanks for an explanation

  • @vinswong1
    @vinswong1 7 лет назад +2

    thanks for your work!
    this makes my day

  • @humamramadan1328
    @humamramadan1328 6 лет назад

    i learned in this video more than what i have learned in 3 years at my university >
    thank you so mach

  • @cheatuda3039
    @cheatuda3039 6 лет назад

    One of the best video ever since it has clear explanation of the pn junction. Thanku very much

  • @IFPankajHadole
    @IFPankajHadole 3 года назад

    Ya really I am watching before the Exam to understand it properly .
    Now I understood all after watching this video 🙏.

  • @kartonage221
    @kartonage221 6 лет назад +14

    Maybe you should try on a rap career. From P to tha N and back to N to tha P.

  • @azbamalek1596
    @azbamalek1596 8 лет назад

    seriously the topics described in the above video are too nicely explained ....

  • @jamesranawadia
    @jamesranawadia 7 лет назад

    this is just great. it solved my only confusion in semiconductor

  • @viktorvondoom9119
    @viktorvondoom9119 2 года назад

    Thanks! Finally an explanation of drift current that I can understand

  • @EpNn10
    @EpNn10 9 лет назад +3

    Thank you so much! Clearly explained and easy to follow, especially with the animations.

  • @bindhusubhadra183
    @bindhusubhadra183 3 года назад +1

    Very helpful... Ith kandapo aan vyakthamaai mnsilaayath.. Thanku sir

  • @mlswamygowda5690
    @mlswamygowda5690 6 лет назад +3

    Thank you sooooooooooooooo much😊😊😊. It was so difficult for me to understand this bias

  • @gorriesshajivarghise
    @gorriesshajivarghise 9 лет назад

    WELL U EXPLAINED IT AWESOME & better than my teacher, thank you

  • @rohitchakravarthi94
    @rohitchakravarthi94 9 лет назад +107

    get ur basics correct sir p type is not positively charged the same goes for n type it is not negatively charged , they both are electrically neutral in nature

    • @stevehamilton5704
      @stevehamilton5704 6 лет назад +11

      yeah u re right! i found so many things that he explained were incorrect. esp. while explaining reverse bias operation.

    • @simrinahmed5436
      @simrinahmed5436 3 года назад +1

      @@stevehamilton5704 yeah in reverse bias the positive holes don't migrate from the p-region to the n-region ,it's infact the highly energetic electrons who are the minority carriers that moves from the p-region to the n-region right?

    • @nkaur8362
      @nkaur8362 3 года назад

      Yah u r right cuz ... i will also thinking this ... even i heard video 3 4 times forreverse baising concept

  • @jgdacashman
    @jgdacashman 9 лет назад +3

    Just in time for my material science final this week. Very informative, and clear as ice. Thanks.

  • @stephaniekayreyes1608
    @stephaniekayreyes1608 9 лет назад

    its more clear when there is an animation.. professor in class should do this than showing only photos, thanks a lot!!

  • @withspobby5921
    @withspobby5921 4 года назад +1

    The best video on this topic is here

  • @jaslynteope4144
    @jaslynteope4144 4 года назад

    Thank you, that was clear and illuminating 🙏

  • @borboleta6743
    @borboleta6743 2 года назад +1

    I swear indians in YT is a better teacher than some actual teacher.

  • @praveengulati09
    @praveengulati09 5 лет назад

    Very good explanation. I would not be able to understand it so clearly without seeing it.

  • @IsacRajan97
    @IsacRajan97 9 лет назад

    Nice short explanation!! THANK YOU!! :)

  • @aniketdube9553
    @aniketdube9553 6 лет назад

    Thanku so much sir.... Tomorrow is my exam of electronics n was confused 😖 in pn junction... In 14 min I understood the pn junction... Thank u god bless

  • @vedantathavale8624
    @vedantathavale8624 6 лет назад +1

    Damn awesome explanation. Better than what I understood from ncert

  • @hodongjunior2826
    @hodongjunior2826 6 лет назад

    thank you so much! your explanations are so clear :D

  • @shamlamm4479
    @shamlamm4479 2 года назад +1

    Thnk u sir....simply explained and vry helpfull to undrstnd thz topic

  • @matmadara3
    @matmadara3 9 лет назад

    thank you verymuch for make this explanation very clear. i hope i can get high score for answering this question in my final exam 2 week from now :D

  • @RaunakSingha1212
    @RaunakSingha1212 9 лет назад +1

    u nailed it.... thnx a lot 4 clearing a lot of confusions that was in my mind from last one month.... i m a student of cls 12..nd thnx 4 saving my time...

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  9 лет назад

      Raunak Singha Thank you , please subscribe to us for more videos n keep connected with us on Facebook just search for Techtrixinfo

  • @shubhammishra8090
    @shubhammishra8090 9 лет назад

    Great video for enthusiasts like me! Thnx sir!

  • @vickiraja7320
    @vickiraja7320 9 лет назад

    Very nice explanation i can never forget it now till i am alive thanks very much

  • @anujaison8283
    @anujaison8283 3 года назад +1

    This short video covered all topics so well....very nicely explained sir...thanks a lot...😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇😇

  • @sadamhussain6931
    @sadamhussain6931 7 лет назад +1

    very nice video ,an perfect concept concept abt the P_N junction i wish u all the best for uploading such types of videos
    THANKS DEAR UPLOADER...

  • @smarpansharma342
    @smarpansharma342 8 лет назад

    well explained from the basics thankyou

  • @kayeetsoi7651
    @kayeetsoi7651 5 лет назад

    you make this so clear, thank you

  • @manjumanl5279
    @manjumanl5279 4 года назад

    Thanks to you sir ,better than MIT online courses .

  • @Gautamk1985
    @Gautamk1985 9 лет назад +19

    Nicely explained
    I got clear cut idea from this video.

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  9 лет назад

      Gautam Kumar Thank you , please subscribe to us for more videos n keep connected with us on Facebook just search for Techtrixinfo

  • @bill69041997
    @bill69041997 10 лет назад +2

    this is the only video dat can help me understand that how BJT works on youtube ,thanks!

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  9 лет назад

      Kwunhei Ching Thank you, Please SUBSCRIBE to us for more videos. We have a face book
      page just search for TechTrixInfo in face book - TechTrixInfo.com

    • @NOU-iw3gb
      @NOU-iw3gb 9 лет назад +2

      Umm...it's not a bjt....it's a pn junction diode....bjt is much more complex... :)

    • @firefly7350
      @firefly7350 6 лет назад

      Kwunhei Ching woah thats just convincing. .lol

  • @shefalikiran8321
    @shefalikiran8321 6 лет назад

    Thank you so much techtrixinfo:) helped me a lot

  • @koustavchatterjee7393
    @koustavchatterjee7393 8 лет назад +4

    The basic of semiconductor physics is covered within 7 minutes. Nice job sir!

  • @tanyagupta8478
    @tanyagupta8478 8 лет назад +3

    This was very helpful. Thank you so much.

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  8 лет назад

      +Tanya Gupta
      We are honored by that comment.
      For more info you can email us at techtrixinfo@gmail.com or whats app at +919744615655
      TechTrixInfo.com

  • @vishvajithjyothish1627
    @vishvajithjyothish1627 6 лет назад

    The most simple defenition,thanks for the video👍

  • @rajamanokharatturperiatham6978
    @rajamanokharatturperiatham6978 9 лет назад +1

    Nice and easy to understand !!
    I except to learn things in a shorter time ..U have done a great JOB!!

  • @PradeepPant007
    @PradeepPant007 6 лет назад

    This literally give best formation explanation 👍👍

  • @tigistmisganaw1532
    @tigistmisganaw1532 4 года назад +1

    No words to explain you are just number one!

  • @manishkumarjha3427
    @manishkumarjha3427 6 лет назад

    Thank you and love and regards from Nepal 🇳🇵

  • @olgakarlov2989
    @olgakarlov2989 6 лет назад

    !Great job guys! explained very clearly

  • @Muffi606
    @Muffi606 8 лет назад

    great explanation , understood in once . excellent job

  • @nivedhajosseline7299
    @nivedhajosseline7299 7 лет назад

    thank u soo much sir...u r explanation is soo clear.... i have fully understand the concept

  • @tunganaakhilsai2787
    @tunganaakhilsai2787 7 лет назад

    it is very clear and able 2 understand at the 1st time nly......

  • @dikshashahakar3767
    @dikshashahakar3767 7 лет назад +4

    Thank you sir...!!! I got it completely :)

  • @squashpsych7052
    @squashpsych7052 6 лет назад

    Thank you very much, great video!

  • @chargeduprochit2615
    @chargeduprochit2615 3 года назад

    Thank you so much . Your video relieved me of all the confusions I had.

  • @spykey312
    @spykey312 8 лет назад

    Very clear, well explained!

  • @pratyushkumarborah7407
    @pratyushkumarborah7407 5 лет назад

    Thanks sir ...it has cleared all of my doubts

  • @sureshan1393
    @sureshan1393 7 лет назад

    thank you for this video it awesome I really thank enough you it's great it's clear -cut

  • @tuyenkhoang
    @tuyenkhoang 7 лет назад

    great. this is what i need now

  • @suryasundararajan1307
    @suryasundararajan1307 8 лет назад +1

    It was too good and simple to understand.....GOOD JOB

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  8 лет назад

      +Surya Yadav
      Thanks for the comment.
      What's app us @ +919744615655 To get updates on Mechanical/ Automobile engineering

  • @menakamani3065
    @menakamani3065 6 лет назад

    very clear explanation..thank you!

  • @dradexx
    @dradexx 6 лет назад

    great video, thank you so much!

  • @shreya-ej4nh
    @shreya-ej4nh 3 года назад +1

    I like this south Indian sir. Apne wali feeling ⚡❤️

  • @nidhitiwari4462
    @nidhitiwari4462 7 лет назад

    very nice way of explanation, easy to understand, really helpful, thanks

  • @himanshu6489
    @himanshu6489 7 лет назад +1

    excellent excellent excellent. Worth 6min of my life💜

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  7 лет назад

      +Himanshu Doley
      Thanks for the comment
      FREE What'sAPP updates @ +919744615655 on Super cars, Mech/Auto Engg topics & Engineering Project, seminar assistance

  • @ifransaleem24
    @ifransaleem24 8 лет назад +1

    great job.i understanded it completely.thanks.

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  8 лет назад

      +Ifran Saleem We are honored by that comment.
      For more info you can email us at techtrixinfo@gmail.com or whats app at +919744615655

  • @hyderalishaik2219
    @hyderalishaik2219 7 лет назад +4

    EXCELLENT ........WE ARE EXPECTING MORE VIDEOS FROM YOU SIR

    • @Howmachineworks
      @Howmachineworks  7 лет назад +1

      +Hyder Ali Shaik
      Sure
      Thanks for the comment
      Reach us on WhatsApp @ +919744615655 for more updates

  • @tcaudiomute
    @tcaudiomute 8 лет назад +5

    hello. Very short and sharp very well down . Could you guys go a video on integrated circuit (IC)

  • @mathiseverythin
    @mathiseverythin 6 лет назад +2

    Thanks for explaining it too simple Sir, I thought it was something difficult when my lecture introduced it to me... you explained it the way I wanted to learn

  • @adityashete1134
    @adityashete1134 7 лет назад

    thank u very much for this video. It helped me a lot

  • @JK-vt6xy
    @JK-vt6xy 4 года назад +1

    Thank you for the explaination..it cleared my concepts very much..👍

  • @gunpointonu
    @gunpointonu 7 лет назад

    Thanks, really helpful video!

  • @rajeshbhandari418
    @rajeshbhandari418 6 лет назад

    Wow sir
    It's awesome
    I understand everything thing after watching video thanks sir

  • @darshanshah3785
    @darshanshah3785 7 лет назад

    Excellent explanation! Thank You

  • @jinjuttan
    @jinjuttan 7 лет назад +6

    in space charge region immobile ions are formed unlike u said electrons and holes @02.02
    thankyou

  • @mohammedwakeel4541
    @mohammedwakeel4541 8 лет назад

    really superb. i got use by tht. thank you sooooooooo much

  • @bhakiajagadeesan2859
    @bhakiajagadeesan2859 6 лет назад +1

    Super its clear my doubts

  • @shreyashkadam1898
    @shreyashkadam1898 3 года назад

    just awesome and upto the mark for what is required.😃😃

  • @hariharasudhan9127
    @hariharasudhan9127 6 лет назад

    Your video was very helpful...
    Thank you...

  • @52blueberry71
    @52blueberry71 6 лет назад

    thank you for the video on how semiconductor works.

  • @raghurammuthyala1023
    @raghurammuthyala1023 8 лет назад

    Superb! Amazing! Thanks for the great video! :)

  • @ransomanu8246
    @ransomanu8246 3 месяца назад

    Good explanation,precise and crystal clear
    expect more videos

  • @rahulsoni5459
    @rahulsoni5459 9 лет назад

    owesome video cleared all doubts.

  • @SmilerBFC
    @SmilerBFC 9 лет назад

    Finally someone tells the whole story. Thanks for the recap

  • @smartypantsscrewdriver1304
    @smartypantsscrewdriver1304 9 лет назад +2

    DUDE THAT HELPS OUT ALOT!
    Thanks for making quality, to tthe point videos.
    Keep it up, mate.

  • @sanghabalkhande3916
    @sanghabalkhande3916 2 года назад +1

    Thank you so much brother. Best way understood everything

  • @larryclark9380
    @larryclark9380 7 лет назад

    Good! Helped me "get it". Thanks.

  • @europebasedvlogs1251
    @europebasedvlogs1251 4 года назад +1

    Love and encouragement from Germany 🇩🇪🇩🇪

  • @khaliqueurrehman3209
    @khaliqueurrehman3209 3 года назад +1

    Thanks a lot sir you have solved my problem

  • @ryn_rai
    @ryn_rai 6 лет назад +2

    This is soo amazing! Explained completely. Soo nice! Thanks much for the help

  • @anupamyadav6545
    @anupamyadav6545 8 лет назад

    many times better then our guides

  • @krishnaanil1238
    @krishnaanil1238 4 года назад +1

    Very helpful. Thank you very much

  • @bumacarine1280
    @bumacarine1280 7 лет назад

    wow, exccelent explanation. tnk u sirr

  • @jkchandravanshi
    @jkchandravanshi 3 года назад

    Crisp and clear explanation..