When did SANSKRIT appear in India? | The GENETIC Evidence
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- Опубликовано: 12 мар 2022
- A topic that stirs up controversy in India is the development of Indo-Aryan languages, and specifically the idea that speakers of an early form of Sanskrit arrived in India between 2000 and 1500 BCE. While the linguistic argument is probably the strongest for the theory of an Indo-Aryan migration into South Asia, genetic evidence gathered so far supports it. In this video, other theories like the Aryan Invasion Theory and the Out of India Theory will be examined, along with the claims of Abhijit Chavda concerning the genetic evidence for or against migration of this language group into India.
Errata: At 51:06, I said "mostly Iranian farmer-related," when I should have said "mostly Iranian hunter-gatherer-related."
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► REFERENCES
Recommended books on ancient India:
Singh, History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: amzn.to/35MViln
Thapar: History of Early India: amzn.to/3tTkFtJ
The genetic studies:
2004: www.cell.com/current-biology/...
2006: www.cell.com/ajhg/fulltext/S0...
2006: www.academia.edu/19343333/In_...
2006: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16893...
2008: www.researchgate.net/publicat...
2009: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19058...
2009: www.nature.com/articles/jhg20...
2009: sci-hub.se/10.1038/nature08365
2010: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
2010: www.cell.com/current-biology/...
2011: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
2012: sci-hub.se/10.1007/s12038-012...
2012: file.scirp.org/Html/17707.html
2013: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23932...
2013: journals.plos.org/plosgenetic...
2015: www.researchgate.net/publicat...
2015: www.walshmedicalmedia.com/ope...
2017: www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/...
2017: www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas...
2017: www.cambridge.org/core/journa...
2018: sci-hub.se/doi.org/10...
2019: www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
2019: sci-hub.se/10.1126/science.aa...
2019: www.sciencedirect.com/science...
2020: bmcgenomdata.biomedcentral.co...
2021: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
2021: sci-hub.se/10.1007/s00438-020...
2021: www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
Articles about David Reich:
www.buzzfeednews.com/article/...
www.nytimes.com/2019/01/17/ma...
About Niraj Rai's press conference comments:
www.outlookindia.com/website/...
thewire.in/the-sciences/rakhi...
One historian's perspective on the Hindutva view of history:
• Audrey Truschke - Hind...
Professor Miano's handy guide for learning, "How to Know Stuff," is available here:
www.amazon.com/How-Know-Stuff...
The thing I find so funny, is that 99% of Indian students dismiss history as a waste of time and later in mid life start complaining that they were not taught history 😆
True
true lmao
The fact is our history books change with every government.
Actullay the lament is not false - we were taught history (and didn't want to know).
However most of it was sanitized history, that didn't deal with facts.
It was meant not to offend anyone and was meant for creating social harmony -I am talking of 25 years after independence. Now from what I believe, is much worse.
History is learnt by research, there rarely is a single good source that you can use becasuse all authors have their biases.
Even on this thread you see people passionately arguing with absurd claims.
There are very few unimpeachable sources and even they may not have covered a particular aspect.
This is not an easy subject to master -- and the history of the world is intertwined and few know the whole spectrum.
It's amazing that you have the unbending, wholly correct, well thought and calculated statistics for 99 percent of the Indian students, that's like mind-boggling to me, and I bow down to your supreme capability, you, sir are fantastic!
The sad part is , the Aryan Invasion Theory is still present in Today's High School History books with no reference to actual history or atleast what modern historians claim. The books need upgradation very fast.
If Europe's migrated to india then why North Indian people don't have brown hair and white hair characteristics and many of our body features are very different.
Or you gonna say that white or brown hair characteristics are new to europian and is only 3,000 and and 4,000 Years old.
But strange thing is that europian people have both brown and black hair characteristics.
Watch this and Take This into account.
m.ruclips.net/video/UgLXAQWf_EE/видео.html
The government should educate the new generation they should give the true history of India not stories. It's including Tamils' history.
@@peterparker-pl8wt The government should not educate.
No aryan invasion ..but a mleccha invasion
@@kaydee3407 Its not even invasion, its just few homeless beggars.
The main reason why Abhijeet talking about Aryan Invesion theory is because of politicians in India still using it to create devide in South Indian and North Indian people. South Indian politician publicly promotes this theory to keep strong north political parties getting South Indian votes
Aryans not important as mugals etc soldiers kids 😂full. Kerala jews mixed and muslims arab mixed
It’s not political it’s the truth and coz of inequality n abuses in our damnit hinduism.
ont dream, you are an aryan from european steppe
So North Indians will vote for South Indian parties if they contested? When was the last time there was a serious south India Prime Minister candidate?
@@AI12321 I think what @DharmeshPatelPHP are saying is that S. Indian parties are trying to prevent S. Indian voters from voting for N. Indian parties. They are not looking to contest the PM's seat or lead a coalition, they are just looking for votes. One could argue that these parties are trying to keep more locally accountable politicians in Parliament, in order to increase advocacy for local issues, but when they use racism to get votes it is clear that most of this is just a grab for power.
Sir I am an Indian class 12 student and biology is my one of the main topic in our bio text book there is a section about genetics and it is probably my favourite topics from class 12 biology and this video has greatly helped me to not only gain experience about how much detailed and complex and really""COOL"" genetics is but also helped me to understand just how rich and complex the history of my country is.. in India history plays a major role in politics and that's why politicians alter or present history in such a way that it supports their views so that they can remain in power( both left and right wings ) but I am really happy that you have explained this topic in such a detailed and neutral way ..
How is it neutral...he supports the migration theory and is twisting the vedio of the guy....there was no migration as much as their was no invasion.
The fact that languages like Hindi and Icelandic had a common ancestor blows my mind
Common but leagues apart.
Sanskrit was likely influenced in its development by native languages in the region, as it is fairly unlikely that a civilisation like that in the Indus Valley could develop so far without a stable spoken language.
Why?
We call them Proto-Indo-European now
formerly Aryan
The problem is semitism and Christianity
Look at a globe and not a map and you can see places are closer around the poles
Sanskrit was just the scripture language used by a small minority elite.
The vernaculars (Prakrits) show features/ sounds of non-Indo-European native (Indus, Dravidian & Austro-Asiatic) languages.
@@alani3992 this was only during recent times
Before that
Durinf vedic period
Prakrit wasnt even present
It was sanskrit that was prevalent
The Aryan invasion theory as said by Abhijit ,is actually being taught in Indian schools till date specially in south India
this is true and that itself made me skeptical about the video and content. The video claims it has been debunked centuries ago and is not taught anywhere in the world??!! really? If anything my resolve to not let children study their crappy history books has been made stronger after watching this video.
In North India too
There was no invasion rather it was only migration like other migrations.
We are not taught AIT in south india 🤦🏽♂️.
Brahman 📿Eureshian h 🌷ISILIYE YELOG INDIANS SE NAFRAT KARTE H , UNHE LOW CASTE SAMJHTE H. INKA DNA HI AISA H .
This has to be the most reasonable and objective video i've watched on the topic till now. Thanks for doing this.
The ancient world shared geographical boundaries with our modern world, but doesn’t mean they shared our political boundaries. Northern India may have been more influenced by trade routes which would have brought them access to wealth and knowledge exchange. This could have provided a significant advantage to Northern Indian power brokers helping them expand their influence regionally.
North indian landlocked ignorant 😂😂
Yet to go thru the full video, however, would like to highlight that my son passed out of his 10th standard in 2019. I had read about Aryan invasion in his history books. Hence, when Abhijit says he has read, it's in NCERT textbooks even now.
Mostly this video was also found to be made under pressure to counter Abhinav views. Europeans n abrahamic mindset researchers cannot allow them to see things without bisecting or dividing. They use conclusion of data as proof but in reality is conclusions are influenced
Example : as per Indian texts distance between sun n earth v/s scientifically calculated distance
As per these type of scientist their calculation is perfect and Indian texts are approximately matching …. as though they did physical measurement
They cannot accept that both science and ancient Indian text has calculated correctly …. They want to prove that they are always right and show us low
Only time it's mentioned is in 8TH ncert history book in chapter 'Women caste and reforms' in subtopic Ghulamgiri nowhere does the book actually claim AIT to be true it just says this was view of Phule.
time to change these BJP gov then.. they are not updating the text books.. lazy asses.
You are wrong - it was probably AMT (Aryan migration theory) not AIT.
@@jagadishs3931 it’s bcoz BJP govt that one is allowed this to be spoken about. Khangress n gandi wali freedom all knows by now
Sir I am presently in class 11 from India, and when were in class 8 we had a chapter in history about Indus valley civilisation.
Under the "Causes for decline of the civilisation" the Aryan INVASION theory was clearly mentioned about how the advent of the Aryans forced the locals to move southward (as one of the causes).
Therefore Abhijit is indeed referring to present history books
The Aryan Invasion Theory has been dismissed by various archaeologists around the world and it was mostly presented to support the Darwin's evolution theory
@@shaswatshrey9712 Yes.. it was a concept spread by Europeans. When we have our own documented history, it does not make sense to go by what they propose. And we have sufficient proofs that Ramayana and Mahabaratha really did happen. Thanks to the goverment post independence, who messed up our history and fabricated or hid lots of information. For ex: We studied that Galileo discovered that earth goes around the sun in 16th century, instead of studying that our ancient scripts talk about sun being the center of the solar systems. Even the navagraha's in the temple have sun in the center and planets around it. Yet, we studied all incorrect irrelevant things in school.
None of this is a racial topic. You are all just humans. Humans which are prone to believe you are some kind of alien race on earth but your similarities for outweigh differences that cause larger noses or body hair. Pull your head out of your nationalistic asses and look around, listen, feel and think. You derive the wrong answer to the wrong question. This is just for exploration.
If you remember correctly, it is considered to be a POSSIBLE cause for the decline of the civilisation along with many other causes. In class 12 history book this theory is mentioned but at the end, the book also gives arguments that tries to debunk this theory.
@@shaswatshrey9712 Evolution theory is also dismissed by various Pastors of Church Christians and theists around the world. So, on the basis of false assumption, you can't make false presumption again.
This was a great experience! And for those that are still confused with Mr. Chavda's over-arching goal, I reckon he wants to establish the R1a's ultimate source from India ( even if there were several stages in between). And thus, even if the indo-iranian language groups originate in central Asia, these people ultimately came from the Indian subcontinent anyways. So in a very broad and assuming manner, he probably concludes that all languages and people came from India anyways?
I don't see Mr.Chavda's point otherwise.
See my latest comment series.. Here are the Facts: Latest linguistic paper (IE-CoR) rules out Steppe as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
Previous Genetic paper(Narasimhan and Shinde) rules out Anatolian/Iran as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
So what else? Neither North-South nor West-east is the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
Hey, I'm a student from India, who has recently graduated. Mr Chavda there in the video was talking how the Aryan Invasion Theory still plays a major role in the modern Indian Political Scenario. There is still a serious division in the country, and we had faced serious problems due to the creation of the Aryan Invasion Theory which was made due to the political gains and Geo-political Advantages by entities who were primarily against the growth and development of our Country.
I guess the UK is the responsible entity here.
blame the white maaan for everything 🤪
What are some of the problems you faced due to this theory? Clarify.
@@seekzugzwangful Dravidian politics basically, Brahmins are targeted in south India because of this since Brahmins & North Indians are seen as Aryans.
Dravidian politics has its roots in Christian missionary propaganda since they failed to convert Brahmins they resorted to Demonizing them and it actually works, right now south India is filled with crypto converts that hold political power and control Hindu temples which rhymes with what happened in ancient Rome and well, we all know what happened after that.
A lot of shit was started by the missionaries and later appropriated by the communists/ wokes and since we're a democracy now that bends over backward for minorities, and not only ignores history it actually actively subverts it to make Hindus the villain. It ignores the religious aspects of Invasions and conquest when it comes to Islam and Christianity which only got worse during the 80s when KGB infiltrated our institutions.
In India(or the world) its basically Hindus vs Islamists/Communists/Christian Missionaries/Wokes. These are also weaponized as a geopolitical tool to subvert a nation and actively gets support from CIA, Russia and China so how much of it is religious and how much political who knows.
Previous generation failed to see this and now our generation has to work from scratch to do something about it, our state is incapable to handle it because we're a secular nation who only controls Hindu institutions and funds minority institutions. Its depressing af.
@@speed5260 You should read Sri Aurobindo's books The Secret of the veda and Hyms to the Mystic Fire. Both are about the Vedics. The Vedic teaching are very old could be 10,000 - 12,000 old and Sanskrit are their native language, hence so it is Indian origin. Those books are free to download google Sri Aurobindo Ashram and go to his books.
I’m a Roma gypsy .. our language is the basic of ancient Sanskrit language .. I’m happy to learn about this .. thanx for this video .. 🎉
Ur our long lost brothers. Greetings from India , Assam!
@@abhinavkashyap9565and R1a1 guys from India are our lost European brothers we miss
@@szymonbaranowski8184Real europeans are I1 and I2
@@szymonbaranowski8184Original indias were neither vedic nor dravidian
@@szymonbaranowski8184Forget what I said, yamnaya are in europe so they are european too
I love the study of not only language migration, but language evolution and how studying languages can aid in understanding how various civilizations view the world and their place in it.
ruclips.net/video/sKMf8W7P6zQ/видео.html
Ditto! Love to read about history of languages.
@Janitor Queen
So what's your opinion on the cognate for elephant/ivory in indo European languages?
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216
Steppe ancestry =
eastern hunter gatherer+ Caucasian hunter gatherer
Caucasian hunter gatherer descend from north iran or south Caucasus.
Earliest sample of this Caucasian ancestry is in satsurbilia cave which had fair skin gene mutation slc24a5 and 2 per cent onge ( AASI) DNA too. 11000 BCE
Caucasian ancestry in india is pre 6000 BCE.
@@descendedofrigvedicclans2216
Abe chomu main teri team mein hoon aur wohi bola jo tune bola .
Hey now! This was a GREAT video! Many thanks! 🏁
Thanks for making these complex researches accessible to us in a simple clear way. Of course there’s more self research to be done by interested folks but this is a nice starting point.
I’m yet to look into other videos in this channel but some explanations on how the researches and studies referenced in the video are done in general would be really helpful. I’ve so many questions about them. Thanks for kindling the curiosity.
The links to all the studies are below the video.
@@WorldofAntiquity Abhijeet's viewers are mostly right wing guys, hence he prefer Out of India theory. Moreover make video on Mittani Kingdom.
he is a fool , not an expert of hindu religion . if migration had happened there should be mention of places in vedas. vedas only mention saraswati river so his whole video is illogical but yeah around 2500 b.c people from india migrated. judaism's abraham and his wife sarah and hagar are saraswati and hakra of indus valley. and abraham might have been brahmin. this video creator is a pseudo intellectual 😂😂
@@sahilbharti7047 Abhijit could have been slightly better at communicating his ideas but his viewpoint is largely sound. The Mitanni evidence of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Syria in 1800 BC is the lynchpin of OIT which the migrationists prefer to (conveniently) ignore. Tushratta, Vasukani, Indra, Varuna, Mitra, Marya, etc in the Ancient Middle-East pretty much settles it. Likewise, the centrality of SaptaSaraswati in the older hymns of the Vedas is also ignored. The genetic evidence alone will provide highly erroneous conclusions because of the historically documented migrations of Parthians/Bactrians/Scythians/White Huns in-between 700 BC and 500 AD and their successful integration into Hindu society. We know for example that during the late Classical (Gupta) period, the Kshatriyas had genetic influences from Central Asian Horsemen (Scythians) and South Indian warrior clans (Chalukyas/Solankis and Rashtrakutas) eventually forming the basis for the Rajput confederacy. These debunking videos invariably take advantage of the the limited knowledge of viewers and their extraordinary gullibility.
See my latest comment series.. Here are the Facts: Latest linguistic paper (IE-CoR) rules out Steppe as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
Previous Genetic paper(Narasimhan and Shinde) rules out Anatolian/Iran as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
So what else? Neither North-South nor West-east is the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
There are several popular RUclips channels that still refer to Aryan Invasion as a matter of fact. That gets the goat of many who lean towards a more India centric view of the evolution of Hinduism.
I choose to believe that there were no such invasions or migrations in the times being spoken of. People moved eastwards and westward for trade and wars and possibly settled where they went. Languages evolved in different directions based on relative isolation or intermingling of populations.
There were probably various wars and conquests. They generally are part of mass migrations.
Usually Joshi's, Pathak's, dwivedi gotta chose this theory.
@@tusharrawat6670 Rawats aren't exempt from this :)
How would you describe the correspondence of Sanskrit with european languages then?
@tvesarathavrtraghna3688 are the similarities in language sufficient to establish/prove the invasion hypothesis beyond all doubts? Could the similarities in language be explained by people traveling in either direction for trade or small groups migrating in either direction over time?
Chavda is misleading knowledge seeking Indian youth.
Yes Chavda is misleading everyone
Chawda thinks he is a genius,and mislead youth of facts which is contrary to genetic studies on Aryan migration in to India .
I think this whole topic would be a lot less controversial if people didn't hyper-focus on the 'European' part of 'Indo-European'. Even if all Indo-European languages originate from the same place (which is probably somewhere between Ukraine and Turkey, and thus pretty far from what most people stereotypically imagine as 'Europe'), and there are some tenuous cultural links as a result (e.g. in comparative mythology), the 'Indian' and 'European' wings of the family are so massively far apart in terms of time and culture that it's basically meaningless.
What is _more_ interesting are the cultural similarities between Ancient India and Ancient Persia, which are a lot more apparent. Most obviously, the very name 'Iran' is etymologically related to 'Arya'. There are lots of very interesting (and linguistically obvious) links Zoroastrian and pre-Zoroastrian Persian tradition and the Vedas e.g. (Persian) daeva - (Vedic) deva or (Persian) Mithra to (Vedic) Mitra
+ the Persians were a light skinned, non-arabic ppl, who migrated to many places. Some of their descendants are the Basques, & Berbers, who coincidentally, (or not), have a high percentage of O+ blood type.
@@gladeloy3341 The skin colour of Ancient Persians was almost certainly similar to that of modern Iranians - meaning a range between fairly olive skinned and fairly pale. Not that it really matters?
On what basis so you say Basques and Berbers have any particular connection to Persians? As far as I know, there isn't a single paleogenetic study that links those three populations. Are you maybe referring to the genetic movement associated with the spread of agriculture (often called Anatolian Farmers as a shorthand)? Because there is no strong link between that group and Persia, nor are Berbers and Basques exclusively descended from that group (more or less so than their neighbours).
Blood type isn't a good indicator of ancestry (you are relying on basically 2 genes out of 20,000, and O+ is the most common blood type in the world).
i would say that even those all languages originated near India and not some nonsensical central europe which has nothing unlike india which was rich in resoucrces and fertile soil, it is just these europeans fuks taking place and having an hierarchy everywhere hijacking the top positions in top diciplines and fields they could just manipulate and write and change history to their need and advantage. The secong big population explosion happend in india and people have migrated from india to all directions
See my latest comment series.. Here are the Facts: Latest linguistic paper (IE-CoR) rules out Steppe as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
Previous Genetic paper(Narasimhan and Shinde) rules out Anatolian/Iran as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
So what else? Neither North-South nor West-east is the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
00:00 🌍 Introduction to South Asian history
Overview of South Asia's ancient civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization.
Achievements of the Indus Valley Civilization, such as standardized plumbing systems and metallurgical techniques.
Mention of great ancient empires and contributions to various fields.
01:24 🧬 Introduction to Indo-Aryan migration
Explanation of Indo-Aryan migration between 2000 and 1500 BCE.
Indo-Aryan as a language group within the larger Indo-European family.
Brief background on the controversy surrounding the migration theory.
03:41 📚 Background on Aryan Invasion Theory
Overview of the Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) and its three main components.
Clarification that mainstream scholarship discarded AIT decades ago.
Emphasis on the outdated nature of AIT and its replacement by the Indo-Aryan Migration Theory (IAMT).
05:33 🔄 Indo-Aryan Migration vs. Aryan Invasion
Differentiating between Indo-Aryan migration and Aryan Invasion.
Addressing Abhijit Chavda's video discussing his shift from Aryan Invasion Theory.
Highlighting the need to present the current theory accurately.
07:51 📜 Examination of Aryan Invasion Evidence
Critique of Aryan Invasion Theory, focusing on its lack of scientific support.
Mention of genetic and linguistic evidence supporting Indo-Aryan migration.
Emphasizing the need for accurate representation in historical discussions.
10:35 🕰 AIT's Evolution into IAMT
Explanation of how Aryan Invasion Theory evolved into Indo-Aryan Migration Theory.
Clarification of the central tenets of IAMT.
Addressing the misrepresentation of current scholarly views.
13:56 🕉 Hindu Nationalists' Concerns
Identifying Hindu nationalists as the primary opponents of the migration theory.
Linking concerns to the dating of Hinduism's origins and the Vedas.
Acknowledging the sensitivity of the topic in certain circles.
15:18 ⬆ Out of India Theory
Introducing the Out of India Theory and its association with conservative Hindu circles.
Expressing skepticism about the theory's lack of professional scholarly support.
Addressing the embarrassment associated with the Out of India Theory.
16:44 🧬 Genetics and Linguistics
Emphasizing the importance of genetics in reconstructing historical migration.
Briefly introducing the geographical distribution of language groups in India.
Highlighting linguistic differences as key explanations for genetic differences.
18:07 🌐 New Genetic Evidence and Europe's Invasion
Referencing new genetic research on a violent invasion of Europe 5,000 years ago.
Describing the migration of Yamnaya people and its impact on European genetics.
Establishing a comparison with the proposed Indo-Aryan migration.
21:52 ❌ Questioning Genocidal Claims
Disputing claims of genocide by the Yamnaya people and questioning their widespread acceptance.
Distinguishing between scientific findings and sensationalized media interpretations.
Encouraging a nuanced understanding of historical events based on reliable evidence.
22:05 🌍 Genetic Evidence and European Shift
Sudden shift in European genetics indicates widespread genocide by Yamnaya invaders.
Evidence includes changes in genetics, pottery, cultural artifacts, burial rituals, and mass graves.
24:51 🧬 Genetic Studies (2006) on South Asian Haplogroups
Haplogroups associated with Dravidian languages originated in India.
R1a1, linked to Indo-European languages, has complex origins and multiple entry points into South Asia.
No conclusive evidence supporting recent immigration from Central Asia as the sole contributor to R1a1 in India.
28:15 🧬 Genetic Studies (2009) on Caste System Origin
Study suggests Brahmins, with high R1a1 frequency, originated the haplogroup in India.
Conclusions are tentative due to limited representation of R1a1 subgroups in the study.
Emphasizes the need for further phylogenetic explorations in northern Himalayan regions.
36:00 🧬 Ancestral North Indians (ANI) and Ancestral South Indians (ASI)
Modern Indians result from two ancestral populations: ANI and ASI.
ANI shows genetic affinity to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans.
Caste levels in India correlate with ANI ancestry, suggesting a complex history of caste formation.
43:53 🧬 Genetic Mixing in South Asia
Major genetic mixture occurred in the last few thousand years across diverse ethno-linguistic groups.
Indo-Europeans show admixture around 2088 years ago, while Dravidians show an older average date of 3132 years ago.
Additional gene flow from groups with West Eurasian ancestry impacted Northern Indian populations.
45:14 🧬 Genetic Evidence: Indo-Aryan Migration Debate
Debate on gene flow in India: Some geneticists debated whether gene flow in India indicated an external influence.
Compromise statement: A compromise was made in the study, acknowledging gene mixture in India but rejecting the idea of migration from West Eurasia.
46:41 🌍 Yamnaya Invasion vs. Indo-Aryan Migration
Yamnaya invasion vs. Indo-Aryan migration: Drawing a distinction between the Yamnaya invasion in Europe (complete replacement) and the Indo-Aryan migration into India (no replacement event).
Negligible gene flow in India: Emphasizing that gene flow from outside into India has been minimal in the past 10-15,000 years.
47:21 🧬 Genetic Studies on North and South India
Genetic studies on North and South India: Highlighting genetic studies demonstrating similar genetics in North and South India.
Ancient mixture evidence: Revealing major genetic mixture in India between 1900 and 4200 years before present.
49:53 🧬 Central Asia-South Asia Genetic Connection
2019 groundbreaking study: Describing a study that established a genetic connection between Central Asia and South Asia.
Influx of Central Asian genes: Confirming that genes from Central Asian steppes contributed up to 30% of the ancestry of modern South Asian groups between 2000 and 1500 BCE.
51:58 🧬 Genetic History Reconstruction
Reconstruction of genetic history: Outlining the genetic history of India from the Indus Valley Civilization to the formation of Ancestral North Indians (ANI) and Ancestral South Indians (ASI).
Support for Indo-European language spread: Genetic evidence supporting the theory that Indo-European languages, specifically Indo-Aryan, spread from the Central Asian steppes.
54:44 🧬 Additional Insights into Indus Valley Civilization
Genetic makeup of Indus Valley Civilization: Discussing a supplemental study providing more information about the genetic makeup of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Iranian farmer ancestry: Confirming largely Iranian farmer ancestry in the remains of a woman found at Rakhigarhi but emphasizing it doesn't imply the origin of farming from Iran.
56:30 📚 Challenges to Genetic Studies
Critique of genetic studies: Addressing challenges raised against genetic studies, including issues of publication bias and lab dominance.
Discrediting David Reich: Attempting to discredit the studies by questioning the character of David Reich, one of the lead researchers.
57:54 🧬 Lack of Evidence for Aryan Invasion
Lack of evidence for Aryan invasion: Arguing against the Aryan invasion theory by citing evidence of cultural continuity, absence of mass graves, and genetic, linguistic, and literary layers of evidence.
Indo-Aryan migration theory: Highlighting that the Indo-Aryan migration theory does not assume massacres or population replacement.
58:35 🤔 Conclusion: Favoring Out of India Theory
Shift to Out of India theory: Expressing a shift in belief towards the Out of India theory after a thorough examination of scientific data.
Article recommendation: Recommending an article titled "Aryan Invasion Myth: How 21st Century Science Debunks 19th Century Indology" for further reading.
01:02:48 📜 Critique of Genetic Study Validity
Critique of genetic study validity: Criticizing the validity of genetic studies by questioning the character of David Reich and highlighting complaints about the difficulty of publishing in the field.
Disregard for Singh and Thangaraj: Disrespecting the work of Indian geneticists Lal Ji Singh and Kumar Sami Thangaraj, who contributed to the research.
01:06:11 👤 Facial Reconstructions of Yamnaya People
Facial reconstructions of Yamnaya people: Presenting accurate facial reconstructions based on new genetic data.
Ancestral appearance: Contrasting ancient facial reconstructions with modern perceptions, revealing the appearance of the ancestors of Europeans.
01:07:23 🎨 Artistic Interpretation of Yamnaya People
Artist Philip Edwin's interpretation of the appearance of Yamnaya people.
These artistic renderings depict individuals resembling a combination of South Asian, Central Asian, and European characteristics.
Emphasizes that artistic interpretations are not scientific evidence and questions their validity in representing the actual appearance of Yamn
Made with HARP AI
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I agree I am 40 yes old and even now the Aryan Invasion theory is still taught in schools and my kids learnt it too
You do realize dna evidence clearly supports aryan migration right? And that indo European migration and aryan invasion are literally the same thing
It's definitely was taught in World history here in French Canada.
If you examine the mythology and epics of India it can be interpreted to support the invasion theory. The Aryans and the mlechhas / raakshasas and the like terms show how the Aryans discriminated against others. It is worth thinking about.
@@juliusbattens2563 aryans were our ancestors which mostly mixed with different races to conquer the north and west india. So it’s obviously that when differences occur there would be some type of discrimination.
Because it is true.
Actually Abhijit isnt wrong..still now in India for i think the last 75 years we have been taught that Aryan Invasion theory is true...so in terms of Indian socio-political scene he is very much to the point in bringing up this topic.this invasion theory literally is picked up by political parties (mostly left-wing and dravidian nationalist) to get votes out of this populist theory.
Who is teaching Aryan invasion theory I studied about Aryan migration 30 years ago and it says they were herdsmen
Abhijit is wrong as he also denies aaryan migration and supports out of India theory!
Do your own research sir. Don't rely on Mr Chavda for any facts. Because you will get nothing.
If the out of India theory is right... Why the ancient Yamnaya/Indo European peoples in Ukraine/Russia doesn't have any significant South Asian hunter gatherers DNA paternal haplo group H (Wich is they should have because if Indo European originated in India)...
While the out of Ukraine/Russia theory is more reasonable because the ancient Indo Aryans in India have European Hunter gatherers DNA that the Indo European people in Ukraine/Russia adopted it from their neighbors in West Europe
Lol people still believe in AIT. Yesterday an India expert was bashing BJP because he thought BJP is rewriting its own theory by removing AIT from textbooks.
I'm of European descent and had a friend in college who immigrated from India. He was telling me how we're not so different because we're both of "Aryan descent." I was totally confused about what he was saying until now. At the time, the only context within which I had heard the term "Aryan" was in reference to ideas circulated in Nazi Germany times. Glad to finally understand what the hell he was talking about!
Hitler was a very very naughty Indian
Aryans were central asian origin not europe
@@keralanaturelover196 Hitler did use the term 'Aryan race' to describe Germany people as a superior race
Took you awhile.
Now you know...
This is highly useful video. Thanks. More research will probably make this more clear.
I really love these types of long videos!! I know they're difficult to put together but they're really soothing to have in the background. I tend to make art while I listen to them and they're a great way to absorb information while I'm doing something else. I also really like this format for 'responding' to other people's arguments. I definitely learn more from hearing both sides.
Same I listen to these kind of videos when I work.
@@leahbrening1101 haha I was doing the same thing today..
@@leahbrening1101 yoga statues, lord shiva statue, swastik symbol and om symbol found in indus velley so called dravidian civilization.
10:25 AIT is alive and well in some regions of India. It is a useful and divisive political tool for politics. Since its debunked its no longer in school curriculums but is talked about by average people unfortunately.
This is exactly right - I hope that Professors Miano takes into account the general beliefs by normal citizens vs scholars.
Invasion and Migration are completely different things. Some AITians peddle India had nothing which is not true similarly OITians like Chevda peddling another nonsense.
So, Alexander did not invade India. Muslim did not invade India. European did not invade India.
And, Genghis Khan was doing spiritual travelling up to Bagdad. Columbus was on a pilgrimage. Hernán Cortés was an spiritual traveler.
@@ssankar7106
All of the listed above things have nothing to do with Aryan-Dravidian split Supremacy theory or Aryan Invasion, Migration, Refugee,Dravidian Space ship theory,Aryan Dravidian Alien theory.
@@Michaelvarghesee The list is an example of the invaders in the recent history. So, in the distant path same thing must have happened. People from central Asia might have invaded Indus Valley and conquered. That was what it has to do with the list dear.
Aryan Invasion was real and still continues.
Then how do you explain the big "split" between people, if they are the same?
Aryan Invasion was an ancient, distant, "Genghis Khan" invasion.
If they were not invading, they must have been migrating "refugees". See the gypsies and Romas of Europe, who were they?
Yes, please make videos on linguistic and archeological evidences, have great interest in them...want to know what mainstream scholarship says
Why there is no trace of Sanskrit in indus valley civilization?
It actually means Sanskrit came after the fall of indus valley civilization.
Indus valley don't have it has in Himalayas
@@sachinpotdar7798 Bhai Hindi me likh de ,
Indus script is not yet deciphered. But seals like the pasupathy seal, yogic postures (there are six yogic postures in indus seals), pipal tree etc clearly show that early form of Hinduism was practised by IVC. As far as Hindus are concerned we really are irritated when we as Hindus cannot tell our history but some American/ British/ Finnish white has the sole right to decide what is Hindusim, when it came to India etc. The AMT is essentially slight amending of AIT but the core remains. That is Hinduism came from outside India and Hinduism is not indigenous to India. This simply is not accepted by us. Because all the areas mentioned in RV are from India/ Afghanistan. Also the reference to Saraswathy river is simply brushed aside by the white historians/ liguists because it raises uncomfortable and unpalatable truths
@@SHRAVNITHA1 wait wait...
Indus valley civilization script though undeciphered means that it is not Sanskrit, which further means Indus valley civilization predates Sanskrit, Sanskrit came in to existence after the demise of Indus valley civilization.
Not an early form of Hinduism. Yogic pose which was later given the name of pashupati nath seal and lingam worship belonged to IVC, Not to Vedic Aryan civilization, moreover
There is no mention of yoga in vedas and in two places in rigveda, lingam worship is shunned
as don't let the lingam worshippers come near your worship place
And lord Indra destroyed the Shishan (lingam)Deva.
These practices, yoga and lingam Puja were later incorporated in to the Aryan /Vedic religion.
Kudos to the white man , we have to give the credit where it is due, as the white man found the mound a bit weird on the plane land , became curious enough to dig it , as a result IVC civilization was discovered. We the natives would have been defecating around that mound for thousands of year but it never occurred to us to notice the anomaly.
It is done and dusted by the DNA science that Aryans came from Eurasian steppe, given the R1 gene.
It is your ego which is not letting you see the truth.
@@SHRAVNITHA1 Your entire tirade shows how biased you are. Most of the people talking about and writing about AMT are Indian. Many of the papers the video maker points to were written by Indians. Second, it does not matter who comes up with a hypothesis, it only matters if the data support the hypothesis or not. As of now, there is very little evidence showing any Vedic practices in IVC. That could change with further research evidence or when the IVC script is deciphered.
Another long format video, yaaay! Thank you for your excellent contributions to this platform! 🤠
I would also like to hear your hypothesis on the Saraswati river that is spoken of in the Vedas. Specifically, your thoughts on papers citing oceanographic evidence that show a large, dry subterranean river bed along present day North Western India & Pakistan that is taken to be the Saraswati River.
The reason being that this will affect the dating of the Vedas.
There is an excellent book on this topic: The Lost River: On The Trail Of The Sarasvati by Michel Danino. Alternatively, you can watch his lecture ruclips.net/video/wVJEeq0MjQY/видео.html He has also put out a video series of lectures on Ancient India, available on youtube delivered at various IITs.
If one reads the deep truths in the Vedas, he would immediately guess that to crystalize those ideas it would have taken 1000s of years. Hence it is a near impossibility that they were composed in 300 or so years. A cruicial error that can debunk the Aryan migration as a means of introduction of Sanskrit to the subcontinent is the wrong identification of Chandragupta (Chandragupta 1 of the gupta dynasty) mentioned by Megesthenes as Chandragupta Maurya. Megesthenes mentions 3 kings who lived around the time of Alexander's invasion, Xandrames, Sandrachottus, and Sandrocyptus. These three were erroneously identified as
Nanda (Dhanananda of Nanda dynasty), Chandragupta Maurya, and Bindusara (Chandragupta's son). Anyone can guess that apart from the similar sounding Sandrachottus, the other two names are wrongly identified. The true identities of the 3 kings mentioned by Megesthenes are Chandra Sri --- Xandrames (the last king of the Andhra dynasty that ruled from 800 to 320 BC), Chandragupta 1 -- Sandrochottus, and Samudragupta -- Sandrocyptus (Chandragupta 1's son). The Gupta empire started at 321 BC, not in 319 AD as commonly believed. Devanama Piya of the edicts is not the same as Ashoka Maurya of the Maurya dynasty who is mentioned in Sri Lankan chronicles. No current historian has even cared to right this wrong. Buddha was born before Chandragupta Maurya who ruled (as per puranic records) in 1500s BC. Buddha opposed the Vedas. Hence Vedas were created much before his birth and hence Aryan migrants bringing in the sanskrit language is disproved.
Ashoka Maurya is not known to have fought a war in Kalinga and was a Buddhist by birth. Kumaragupta 1 (the grandson of Samudragupta) did fight a war against Kalinga and it is possible that he may have honoured his grandfather by the title devanama piya asoka (because Samudragupta used the title of Ashokaditya). That explains why the edicts were most probably by Kumaragupta around 200 BC rather than Ashoka Maurya who ruled from Girivraja (not Pataliputra) in 1400s BC. Unless these errors are revisited and corrected, it would be meaningless to talk about later indian history because these are the foundations of that history.
@@a123s1l compile your both answers together and post it as direct reply to the video. that way more and more people can read your reply which is actually hidden to the less curious mind.
lol Vedas
Thank you very much for your time and efforts in this very interesting topic. It is greatly appreciated!!
we humans are same, no race is above other race, everyone learned somthing from each other, every community, race has given samething important
Results are always predictable when someone from a completely different field thinks that they can "do history" on the side.
Math does not apply to history, it's not like the passage of time can be measured, obviously everyone knows that.
Yet another dabbler
@@rahulmenon4357 Velikovsky
Same applies to linguitics who do history on side or vice versa
@I uh? No Zebu Cattle in Europe...
As a great religious historian once said “If you put Faith before Fact, you betray both.” And I think this applies to everything including Abhijit Chavda.
Yes. Our History is written by leftist, Islamist and Christian missionaries
Most of the Indians are Abhijit Chavdas! We use emotion to come to conclusions, not data. We always want to believe we are greatest people on earth. Any deviation from that is not acceptable!
If a non-Indian like you, can relate to being Indian, it would be smashing....
But the sad news is that you are a bloody inhabitant living in India, with...with what purpose?
Nobody takes that Chavda guy seriously, except probabaly 16-17 year olds having nothing to better in life. He claims to be this know-all demigod that has landed on earth to save India from colonialists. Meghnerd did a deep dive into his professional credentials. Most, if not all, of this credentials are made-up and/or fake. Just stay away from his ideas (or take with a grain of salt even if he utters 'hmm')
ruclips.net/video/AV8NhJcNBb0/видео.html
@@log4john well when you start getting out of centuries of colonization still continuing at least for some time there will be some polarising self glorification, thats just how it works
A good video! Thank you :)
Great video. Logically dismantled misinformation
Amazing video. Everything was well-researched and covered. Good job.
Huh... I attended a state university in the early 90s and I was taught exactly the Aryan Invasion Theory. I found out is was wrong through my own research, but you can't expect that from everyone.
This sounds so weird. I've only been reading popular books about population genetics, PIE-origins etc, since about 1988 or so, and pretty randomly. I've honestly NEVER heard of the theory in this form (IE-invasion into Indian subcontinent from Europe). Only the various competing PIE theories (Central Asia, Anatolia, various variations on this, various way-points), which all places the PIE-origin not in Europe, not in India.
Before this video, if anyone had told me that the Indic branch of Indo-European originated in an "Aryan invasion" _from Europe_ I would have thought they were bonkers, or relying on 19th century theorising.
From as long as I can remember (born in 1972) I've had the impression that the European-Indic connection is the result of migration from somewhere (mystery!) into both Europe AND India. I honestly thought this was the normal "layman view". These AIT and OOI theories sounds as crazy as saying the armies of Alexander populated India.
Seems pretty accurate, geneticalky, linguisticly, culturally, religiously all indicate to a cultural conquest of the indians 3500-4000 years ago.. Destroying the previous native order and people.
@@Asptuber but thats exactly what is taught to kids in history books in India dude...and since most of them hate history as a subject they just read it to pass exams...only people who are genuinely interested in history know about this topic.
Cool video! Greetings from Tokyo.
this channel seems well balanced i hope it continues that way
See my latest comment series.. Here are the Facts: Latest linguistic paper (IE-CoR) rules out Steppe as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
Previous Genetic paper(Narasimhan and Shinde) rules out Anatolian/Iran as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
So what else? Neither North-South nor West-east is the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
Great work! As an Indian, i appreciate your extensive research and hard work, many thanks for this extremely informative video.
Credit must be given to Europeans for their cunning cover up because its really a clever move😶 .
When they looted Africa they knew ,
after few years or decades ,
they will be questioned in future so lets convert them to our religion , culture and lifestyle so there are no differences visible because a person will be sympathatic to someone outsider who has something in similar with him .
But if europeans had to keep the loot on for few more decades , the best strategy was to divide them for long time and story carved out was - that specific african tribe was never original inhabitants of this region and humans kepts migrating for resources (which is true) but human migrated clashed , inter-mingled ,stayed there, created social structure with values with rules and regulations and evolved.
On such large scale, only mongolians(changez khan descendants),
Islamic fanatics and european colonisers were responsible for unbearable tortures(slave trade), destruction of ancient cultures, their knowledge, local industries, education system, etc.
Chinese and Indian civilizations are the only ones which still exists in todays era but its future is surely westernized .
But change is the only permanant thing so be happy and adapt 😊.
What white man wanted people to know is what caused all this.
Fact is the amount of factual data in 8ndia and South America is nowhere else in the world. Read Jewish history u will see the contradicts and thievery
Lies.
Like Joshua & co stole the
Ark from the holy of holies from the Egyptians.
The Jews were not a articular race but a group of nomadic tribes from along North Africa and med coast.
They never were slaves, never crossed ted sea but hid in the desert .
Moses killed all those that wanted to report him to 0haroah.
India does not hide it's life style. As to how Indians got to the Americas. Some 9000 yrs ago the Indians had Shi's/ boats that took 6/700 people on its voyages 9n the 7 seas. All along the way small pockets stayed back on the
0laces they landed.
Remember that Indians wore silks when white Europeans wore skins. Roman women wire 8NDIAN SILK SARIES. NO 9ther race made SARIES.
The European writers here don't like 5o give credit to Indians.
PS. Connect with Dr. Raj Vedan he will open Ur thinking and understanding
On. This.believe everything the western guys say.
If Sanskrit was aroan knowledge. Why did Robert Oppenheimer go to India 5o learn how to make the atomic bomb from Indian text.v9ndians did agriculture for more 5han 12,000 years 9n 5he same land cos they knew how to kee the soil alive.
2atchvthe SAVE SOIL campaign over 30 000 im
Bro this guy is spitting absolute bs out of an obvious agenda, why you can't get it
@@dragsterbixing2584 what is your agenda?
@@dragsterbixing2584you don't get it do you, the agenda of abhijeet is to make indians superior and it's very clear, btw I'm an indian
This is why I am subscribed to you. I too am subscribed to Abhijit because when he's not getting political a lot of his content is decent. But I understand where most of his viewers live. For me, I actually like it when people give me detailed criticism on anything I do. I've read enough to know I'm flawed and listening to criticism allows me to check those flaws. With that said, however, doesn't give anyone a right to recklessly walk through life knowing their peer criticism has "got your back". Thanks David, good listen!
Exactly, my take.
Most of Abhijeet knowledge may not have scientific arguments and if you want to listen to more science, I recommend Raj Vedam.
@@Sush1111 Yeah Abijit is not a career Historian he is a Physicist so we can give him that excuse. But yes Dr. Raj Vedam ❤️
@@Yuva_Maddy but chavda at times shows total lack of knowledge...in one of the videos he said the arabs had no navy!!! In the 7th century...well d arabs attacked thane in 636 AD ...this is just one example of his lack of knowledge...he is for sure ultra Right winger and gives a bad name to Hindu Renaissance
@@Yuva_Maddy He is a physicist and not a biologist or Historian or archaeologist. Being educated in science, he must understand how specialization works and should refrain from giving statements that don't even represent scientific consensus. But there is nothing wrong in presenting unscientific views to please an audience.
Abhijit is not a historian so please you people stop quoting him. He is just and propagandist with no knowledge of any history.
Thank you for this
The continuous growth of this channel is a joy to behold.
This is one of my favorite things to watch on RUclips right now! I appreciate the in depth look into these things as I find it interesting! Thanks for the good video!
Another observation from this video that brings a question to my mind is that - why is it assumed that proto dravidian was spoken by IVC and Indus periphery cline and not the other way round i.e. AASI? Maybe AASI ancestry spoke proto dravidian which was picked up by the relocating IVC/Indus clive while mixing with AASI.
Excellent work.
thank you for the extensive explanation regarding this matter.
what is your opinion regarding peopling of southeast asia (esp Austronesian people); between Yunnan theory, Out of Taiwan theory and Out of Sundaland theory?
I was actually under the impression that the Aryan invasion theory and the indo European migration theory were the same thing. I'm an American and I was taught the Aryan invasion theory in school. It may be old pseudoscience but it seems that its still very widely circulated, both in india and across the world, so many people are likely just genuinely confusing the 2, and religious and right wing nationalist groups in India would likely stand to benefit from that misunderstanding. It doesn't help that under British occupation, the aryan invasion theory was used to justify the better treatment and promotion of aryan Indians over Dravidians, that the northern people of India were a superior race from their inter mixing with 'European stock' thousands of years earlier. And especially in northern India, the idea of being invaded and changed, even in a historical context is still a sore subject for many indians, From the abbasid caliphate, to the Mughal Turks, to European powers with an emphasis on Britain. Many Indians have likely externalized the indo Europeans because popular world history so often writes off the achievements of the Indian people in favor of their conquerors. So for scholarship to determine correctly that the vedas, texts that are quintessentially Indian and one of the few things the whole continent shares as something brought by outsiders is seen as an attack by western scholarship on the concept of indianness itself. And looking at the socio-cultural conditions of modern India and its relationship with its history, its hard not to see their concerns, even if it may be unfounded. I'm sure that the discussion will be settled though in the future, and as we slowly defeat the aryan invasion narrative, the indo aryans can gradually come to take their place in Indian history not as conquerors but as a thread in the ancient and vibrant tapestry of Indian identity.
For the average north Indian upper cast Hindu,the invasions by Muslim Turks,
Arabs or Persians and christian British or Portugese is a matter of insult but he prides in the superiority of Aryans and aryan culture.For him,it is an unpalatable truth that his ancestor too was an outsider.So they invent pseudo science to claim that all Indo-Europians
(Aryans)migrated out of India.
@@gangadharhiremath7306 You hit the nail right on the head sir. Otgerwise the oppressed classes for pasr 3500 yeqes will rise up againdt dominant castes . It is a genius idea that only upper caste can be priests, interpret Hindu scriptures, etc. Ultimate colonialism by Caste system.
@@sarfrazmh31 btw how many Hindu scriptures have u read where it was written that only upper caste people will be priests... Please name only one.... And I will present u 1000s of evidence even till now so called lower caste performing rituals in Hindu mandirs (temples).... And they are revered by people too
I took college intro level world civ in mid-2000s and we were taught the migration theory.
@@chazdomingo475 I imagine public school in Oklahoma is somewhat behind college level courses
Profesor Miano....can you do a book review/ general discussion video on the "Dawn of Everything" by David Graeber and David Wengrow.
Fascinating, thank you.
For Ancient Indian History you can also refer works of other important historians like R C. Majumdar, Jadunath Sarkar. You will get more interesting perspective.
Lol he won't 🤷😂😂
@user-jo8wb3yt8y well, I can only suggest ultimately it's individual preference or choice 😅
How can you forget Damodar Kosambi?
He is a western funded white guy. Now that Aryan Invasion has been debunked they are desperate to keep their Migration theory. 😅😅 I love seeing these stooges try so hard. Would love to see this theory fail and their faces buried in grounds
What Mr.chavda said is true
Mr.kharge leader of opposition party today said in parliament openly that we dravidians are original ihabitants of this land and others are outsiders.
Sad to see such cheap people are representing south indian people because they also believe in same tinking and votes him to power.
Were the migrations peaceful or violent? Probably some of both. People are complicated and settlements and migrations happen over a long time. We, as humans, like to categorize history and politics into nice neat boxes, but people are complicated, history is complicated. Did Hinduism come from the indo-araynians or start in India? How about both? When peoples meet, their religions can mix. The Vedas were written which gave it a leg-up to persist more consistently, right? Maybe?
it's clearly "both", with probably many important traditions originating inside India both before and after the introduction of Vedic religion. just for starters, what has been developing for ages that falls under Hinduism, which is a very broad thing, has almost no use for the Vedic gods, even as the Vedas and other writings are still core.
People consider vedas as supreme in hinduism is i think stupid , because indian non brahmin people never consider veda as part of hinduism , its exclusively to brahmins
It was initially peaceful, then it became violent when the Indus valley people refused to change their culture with the Aryan culture. It was the worst thing that happened to India.
@I So the 2015 migration of syrians and then of afghans to Europe was not an invasion? It was peaceful, but it's still an invasion, and they will dominate the Europeans once they become a majority there!
@@nsaurabh25 I'm guessing your source is the wikipedia article on the great replacement conspiracy theory?
Is the page presented @ about 4:20 "right" or mirrored? I'm learning Nagari.
Nice one. Very scientific. Keep doing this awesome work.
Never in my life i have ever so strongly felt that i am the target audience of a youtube video...this is the video which is a question i kept asking over and over and asking intellectuals who discuss with Abhijit chavda to question.
They will never agree with the Aryan invasion theory , according to them it's peaceful Aryan who came on horses and settled down and mixed which we see is not true with linguistics evidence , genes 🧬 , caste lineages etc
@@jeevankumar1767 this video also doesn't agrees with Aryan Invasion. 100% of historians have now described it as a false narrative. Because there's no evidence of long scale wars in India in that time frame.
@@sidharthdash1836 history tells us that men who came on horses had other intentions apart from migration. It's not that there is no evidence , not enough research or funding has been done on various parts of India.
@@jeevankumar1767 science doesn't supports this. If Invasion was true the entire so called Dravidian genes would have been wiped out. Instead it's the opposite even North Indian people have both the genes.
@@sidharthdash1836 when Turks invaded Greece they didn't wipe out the entire population , if you do a DNA analysis of Greek people living today you will find a considerable amount of Turkish DNA in them. Again invasion did not cause an entire wipe out , I agree for now there is no proper evidence , but I refuse to accept that men from flat grass lands came peacefully on horses and assimilated with the original inhabitants of India.
For now there is no evidence but if we do research with more funding in various sites I am sure you can find something is my view.
It's possible to have a small gene pool come into a much larger gene pool and completely disappear genetically over thousands of years. Couple that with the fact that culture and language doesn't care too much about what genetic people adopt them and you can have zero evidence besides the culture that a certain group migrated there. My wife is Phillipina with a Spanish maiden name and her dna came up 0% Spanish an 99.9% Filipino/SouthEastAsian. Yet her family touts being of Spanish decent. They take pride in being mixed, yet their DNA shows none of that and we are talking only 400 years of history. Imagine thousands.
From what I was told in history class a long time ago, originally Filipinos were converted to Catholicism and as such took on the names of their Spanish rulers to complete the conversion. In doing this, they were able to gain access to charitable aspects of the church, such as food donations. Make of that what you will, but it's an modus operandi that isn't exactly unique.
@@hkscot that's interesting. However I do believe her family did have a Spaniard patriarch as the Spanish genetic markers are popping up in some of her male cousins 23andme that they share. Given that the Spanish genes in Filipinos came from males, it makes sense that it will disappear in females down the line after a few generations but be present in small amounts still in the male descendants.
But strictly genetically speaking, if we were to do a random sample of genes in Filipinos, and suppose most of the samples were women, there would be no evidence the Spanish were ever there, but the history is close enough in our memories that we know that notion is false.
My point is, take a group with a lost history and you test their DNA, the story we derive from those results may not be accurate.
Modern genetic tests available to the public work a bit differently to how people often assume. They don't trace your descendents exactly, they compare your DNA to the DNA of other people alive today in different parts of the world. It's a subtle difference but it does matter, in that it doesn't really tell you about where descendents came from, just what other people share your DNA the most closely.
@@r-pupz7032 in general yes but not entirely. For example, these services offer Neanderthal DNA analysis and that comes from ancient dna samples
Filipinos were ruled by the Spain for 333 years and converted most of the population to Christianity. That is why most of the tribal Filipinos adopted Spanish family names. Nothing to do with being descendants of Spanish people. Although it is true they are a mix of Malay, Indo, Arab and other people.
I really appreciate your effort. 🎉🎉 love and respect from india
One thing about Sanskrit is that it is invented scholarly by the meditated and enlightened people to express their inner joy. Sanskrit is so poetic and it’s phonetics are rhythmic
Very interesting video, would love to see what comes out next in research. 🙏
Thanks, appreciate your work and trying to keep in the middle of this debate. I am also in the middle but from another source 'out of the mainstream' but nevertheless it can be taken as a good 'hypothesis' to do so much more research.
Yo mama , these intellectuals are so intelligent that they can find linguistic evidances from genes.
Incredibly well put together video professor, thank you for challenging these pseudo-historians that have been popping up in India sadly.
See my latest comment series.. Here are the Facts: Latest linguistic paper (IE-CoR) rules out Steppe as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
Previous Genetic paper(Narasimhan and Shinde) rules out Anatolian/Iran as the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
So what else? Neither North-South nor West-east is the source of the Indo-Iranic branches.
I love these kind of videos! Thank you for bringing some scientific and historical evidence on the table! Thumbs up, David! 👍🏼😁
Thats bull sh8t bro he is trying to replace aryan invation theory into Aryan migration crisis.
We were taught Aryan Invasion theory in school. What Abhijit says was exactly what we were taught.
They are opposite to each other. Abhijit's theory is debunking of AIT.
@ Laxmi
Me too - in the 80s. But the science developed since then, and I learned about that in the 90s.
You would think that a "scientist" like Mr. Chavda would have researched the topic properly before making a video about it.
@@avd-wd9581abhijit chavda is a propagandist
@@LinuxLuddite ya😒
Exactly
Love this video. New to your channel. Are you a phd in something? Just curious who I am listening to here
Yes, Ph.D. in Ancient History, sharing the things I have found out.
Thank you for this detailed discussion. Being a South Indian(Kerala) and speaking a proto-dravidian Indo-Aryan mixed language called malayalam, it was fascinating to learn about various ongoing studies to ascertain the migratory history of the sub continent. People like you must make more such videos to prevent conservative hardliners from reshaping history for political gains and evetual déstabilisation of a budding modern nation state like Bharath.
Thank you so much david for covering this topic..it is disheartening, that most people are ignorant to Indian history...there are still many people who believe hinduism is all about the caste system, and that all here speaks hindi...people should know that there are 28 states in india and here,states are made mainly on the basis of language..and each state is like a different country for eg. im from the south indian state called kerala..here we speak malayalam and we got our own unique cultures and traditons...you are one of the very few foreign channels that cover topics on india too...thankyou, one again.
For what it's worth, i think most US Americans who hear "Hinduism" probably think about the reincarnation cycle, if they know anything about religion outside the United States Christianity at all (which there are definately a lot of bubbles of ignorance. ) I definately agree that we should learn more. We think of it as 1 culture but we don't realize the states have different languages. We definately need more and better world history taught here.
@@nebulan so true
Most people don't know much about religions other than their own. Hinduism in India today is political Hinduism, which has nothing to do with history. Most foreigners who don't know about Hinduism in history books don't know about current political Hinduism of India too.
Each state is different country?
@@nagavaraprasad18 No, each state is not a different country, but most states are bigger than typical EU countries, both in size and population. Also, each state has a different local language, and politicians pit one state against other for electoral gains. Think of it like EU, but instead of everyone working with each other, they're working against each other somewhat.
The las two books you recommended are from the writers who are strong advocates of aryan invasion theory, rooting for "one extreme" you just talked about.
I support out of India theory Mauryans were original Aryans
@@andhnamazi285 nope
@@andhnamazi285 Aryan is not a race - it just means noble. Mahabharat talks of aryans - a period much earlier than the Mauryas
@@andhnamazi285 Noways.
@@mlg1279 "Noble" DID mean "race". Even as late as 1500s, "gentle" was a racial term, having, then, the same meaning as "noble".
Very much enjoyed this video as a descendent of Central Asian/Steppe people. Many thanks 🙏
Very nice information is shared sir.detailed analysis
What's your opinion on House mice and Zebu cattle migrations from Indian subcontinent?
He will cope saying it's the other way around
How is it related to aryans ( Indo Europeans)?
@@topg2820 how is it related to aryans (Indo Europeans)?
@@adityaraj2447 mice and cattle dont move on their own, they follow Humans, so their spread indirectly shows the movement of IE spread
@@topg2820 what time period are we talking about?..
We see zebu cattle in Eastern Africa and Egypt due to trading and contact by indians.. around 2000BC.. zebu cattle is native to india but* house mice are found everywhere what r u talking about?.. they are rodents.. and I just searched about the origin.. some are saying southwest asia* and some Central asia.
I’m 13 minutes into this video and had to thank you for the very balanced telling of the history of my people. India has been a melting pot since ancients times, genetically, linguistically, and culturally.
People like Mr Chavda have some difficulty acknowledging this. On the other hand, the man whose purported "blunders" he has written about on his website did not align with this mindset:
"She was like some ancient palimpsest on which layer upon layer of thought and reverie had been inscribed , and yet no succeeding layer had completely hidden or erased what had been written previously."
-The Discovery of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
As a Hindu, I would say that I am probably a conservative. However, my idea of India (Bharat) is the one that was held by Pandit Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi. Swami Vivekananda (now appropriated by the far side of the right-wing as a hero due to the utter failure of the left to pay attention to the Indic spirit) was also an individual who adhered to a pluralistic worldview:
"My idea, therefore, is that all these religions are different forces in the economy of God, working for the good of mankind; and that not one can become dead, not one can be killed. Just as you cannot kill any force in nature, so you cannot kill any one of these spiritual forces. You have seen that each religion is living. From time to time it may retrograde or go forward. At one time, it may be shorn of a good many of its trappings; at another time it may be covered with all sorts of trappings; but all the same, the soul is ever there, it can never be lost. The ideal which every religion represents is never lost, and so every religion is intelligently on the march. And that universal religion about which philosophers and others have dreamed in every country already exists. It is here. As the universal brotherhood of man is already existing, so also is universal religion. Which of you, that have traveled far and wide, have not found brothers and sisters in every nation? I have found them all over the world"
-Collected Works of Swami Vivekananda, II, pp. 366-67
I hope that our attempts to reclaim our civilisational wealth does not turn into a descent into a never-ending disdain for others that leads to irrational hatred and insularity. The world has already suffered far too much from those afflictions. What matters is a true revival of our core values (that are related to family, faith, education, and community) without restructuring the worst elements of us into something ghastly. India desperately needs a new right (one that isn't represented by Mr Deepak and Mr Savarkar) and a left-wing that genuinely understands India rather than relying upon mindlessly importing foreign ideas.
Namaste and love from a Hindu from India! 🙏🇮🇳☮️☮️
@@MrPeaceGuy54☮
@@BrazilianImperialist I am aware of the alternative perspective, but I am not using the symbol in that sense. Just because the Nazis has adopted the Swastika, it doesn't mean that it ceased being a symbol of good luck. I am using it in the sense it was used in 1958, i.e., as a symbol of the anti-nuclear movement.
@@MrPeaceGuy54 Let’s not abandon our benign symbols, logos just because immoral thieves steal them for malign misuse. Teach the ignorant and hope they learn. If you’ve lost hope, keep the faith as your shield of truth.
@@howardnelson2942 👍
Information from this video in a nutshell:
1. Indo-Aryan migration happened 12,500 years ago
2. A major mixture happened between different genetic groups located in the northern part of Indian subcontinent around 1900 - 4200 BP
Very critical Thank you
Might be my go-to video when dealing with people refusing to believe in the evidence 😌
No dude the people who get into this have gone far too deep into the cow dung pile, logic is not pulling them out of it. Only when dear great leader attacks their wallets.
@@rahulmenon4357 My dad believes in the Aryan migration or even invasion. But it is sad because he believes it probably only because it confirms his "Dravidian" ideology. Life is hard lol
@@rahulmenon4357 white validation received 👍
@@harishthethird Indian parents are immune to logic. His dad or someone he respects similarly probably told him something when he was 12, and he built his entire worldview off that. Same issue throughout the country.
@@spectrohypernova8890 amazing counter-argument right there
Indians need to do a detailed analysis of Europeans as well in this same way and write the Indian version of Western history.
Eastern Europeans struggle the same way as Indians 😂
We wouldn’t know most of the things we do about the world today, if Europeans didn’t salvage and preserve so much.
You can hate them with all your heart, but we have to give them that, at least.’
The Rosetta Stone was being used as a brick in a building FFS!
That wasn’t uncommon.
We forget how the rise and fall of civilizations happened, and the gaps that took place.
Islamists we’re just going around blowing “idols” up.
Also, the assimilation into other conquering cultures and religions.
I’m definitely not claiming that they were perfect, but I have to give credit where it’s due.
Thank you for a neutral and data backed approach. I'm from India, and can attest to the fact that people are highly biased towards certain theories because that helps bolster their political leanings. It is very important to put such videos out which debunk assumptions based on research data.
Sanskrit first appeared in India in 1900BC. Interaction between the Indus Valley and Gangetic Basin primarily occurred in Haryana, with the Ghaggar river (likely the ancient Saraswati) serving as the border between Hindu Bharat and Indus Valley.
The dwarka city under water having many krishna murti has found to be 7000 years old and they used to speak sanskrit. How is it possible then if sanskrit came only in 1900 BC. There are many temples in india which are 5000 years old. How is that even possible then? There are evidence that hinduism was there much before 1900 BC
@@priyankakumarisingh4511 it would be nice of you to direct me to the "evidences" in which you state that there have been artifacts, temples, and Sanskrit manuscripts before 1900 BCE. It would be even nicer if those "evidances" were research papers by archeological and linguistic experts in peer-reviewed journals. Thank you!
@@hanzalakhichi127 before asking me even if you will search a little you will get to know but it's ok.
Read the follwing:-
1) KALPA VIGRAHA:-
"Kalpa Vigraha is the oldest existing metal statue of Shiva. Carbon dating of the wooden box that contained the idol and organic deposits in crevices of the idol itself indicated that it was at least 28,450 years old"
2) DWARKA CITY under water in exact same location mentaioned in mahabharat. :-
"The discovery of the submerged Dwarka city in the Gulf of Cambay off the coast of Gujarat, India, has created a lot of excitement among archaeologists. The city is said to be more than 12000 years old and its existence contradicts accepted history
Carbon-14 dating on some wooden posts found at Dwarka yielded an age of 9500 years, which is much older than any other evidence for human habitation in India."
This is enough to show Sanatan dharma is much much more older than that shown by west hystorians. Now it shows 28000 year ago people used to worship lord shiva. And it can be more old.
@@hanzalakhichi127 ☝️
After watching the beginning of the video, I posted a comment questioning your motives. However, as I continued watching, I realized that I was wrong and deleted that comment. Thanks for a great, nuanced video on this topic.
Nothing boring about linguistics! Fantastic information. Thank you.
Fascinating as always, Professor. Did Abhijit respond?
Not that I know of.
He would never do tat, cuz he knows he is against the grain of mainstream scholarship and his crowd is only the ignorant imdian bunch who are beguiled by intentional hindutva nationalists to re write their own history.
Hello sir , I'm a student I just asking that , it's absolute that central asian stepp migration happened in india but ,
i just want to know if IVC people migrating towards iran and iraq is that mean that this IVC people start farming in ancient Crescent areas and IVC people population were the main source of all ancient Iraninan farmers and ancient civilizations / settlements of Crescent areas ???
& A extra question - is not Mesopotemia the Oldest known civilization even it's pre settlements also the oldest ??? Or IVC the oldest ??? Please reply 🙏
*i just want to know if IVC people migrating towards iran and iraq is that mean that this IVC people start farming in ancient Crescent areas and IVC people population were the main source of all ancient Iraninan farmers and ancient civilizations / settlements of Crescent areas*
The IVC people have some of the same DNA as Iranians, but it is only a part of their genetic makeup. And Iranians, as far as I know, do not have fully IVC DNA.
*is not Mesopotemia the Oldest known civilization even it's pre settlements also the oldest??? Or IVC the oldest?*
See my video on the earliest cities in the world: ruclips.net/video/aE9uz4VTnmM/видео.html
@@WorldofAntiquity Thank you so much Sir for the clarification , But i have still 2 doubts , ★ 1. Is that mean that Niraj Rai's claim about indus valley people travelling towards Shahr-e Sukhteh and other sites towars north west dose not Prove the O.I.T ( Out of India theory) , so is that means that the ancestral population of IVC is not South Asian but the population is Actually Iranian and the genetic flow is from Iran to India & not from India towards Iran , What do you think???
2. ★ I watched that video but how old is 'Tell Abu Hureyra' in Syria, is it a city or proto-city , what is it ?? Please reply 🙏
@@WorldofAntiquity Thank you so much Sir for the clarification , But i have still 2 doubts , ★ 1. Is that mean that Niraj Rai's claim about indus valley people travelling towards Shahr-e Sukhteh and other sites towards north west dose not Prove the O.I.T ( Out of India theory) , so is that means that the ancestral population of IVC is not South Asian but the population is Actually Iranian and the genetic flow is from Iran to India & not from India towards Iran , What do you think???
2. ★ I watched that video but how old is 'Tell Abu Hureyra' in Syria, is it a city or proto-city , what is it ?? Please reply 🙏
Sir please reply for this last 2 question for clarification, please 🙏
@@smws569 1. Out of India is not simply the idea that some people left India. This has happened all throughout history. Out of India means specifically that Indo-Aryans are indigenous to India. The IVC has not been shown to be an Indo-Aryan civilization, and so Niraj Rai's claim has nothing to do with this.
2. It was a village.
Well even abijth chavada has a podcast with one of the genealogists from India and is waiting for the results to come out which has a very broad and bigger sample base which will give a broader view on these theories.
I look forward to seeing the results.
In depth and understandable for the non scientific viewer. I enjoyed this immensely.
Very true!😊
it's amazing how the guy's reasoning starts to echo eugenics and racial pseudo science.
Very good of you to be so factual.
I believe Abhijit is trying to say everything and everyone (other than Africans) came from India. 😊 It's basically nationalism in disguise. It's certainly understandable for many populations to buy into this new form of nationalism not just Indians. I've heard similar rhetorics from many other groups throughout history.
It's just like how sushi is supposed to come from China but so what, right now when we talk sushi we think of Japan. Anyways, thanks for a balanced rebuttal.
He has sufficient data to back his hypothesis far more than European historians ( the people who shaped world's history only on the basis of their sense of superiority and mere conjecture). Indian archeologists have clearly supported the fact that present Indian culture originated in India thousands of years ago and it influenced the ancient Western world. Present archeological sites such as rakhigarhi present clear evidence. You want to believe in the previous western historians who themselves don't have an authentic source and want to give credit to the English world for literally every sophisticated civilisation in the world, only to satisfy their sense of superiority then go ahead and believe whatever you wish to it's your choice.
@@psingh3116 he also made other claims which are straight-up vague unless you belong to a particular community and a particular ideology which presupposes such views.
Also, geographical boundaries are a social construct created by humans to govern themselves.
According to you guys everything originated from Europe right?
Then how come we had civilizations and you guys lived in a cave earlier?
People from subcontinent visited Europe and that is why you guys know how to talk.
Abhijit is claiming early Indians even traveled extraterrestrial to other planets!
@@MultiDurgesh123 you're straw-manning by exploiting a false assumption. Nobody claimed that "everything originated in Europe"
That is just false. However, you and people of your kind claim that everything originated in the Indian subcontinent. You cannot epistemologically justify your notion yet you are confident about it.
I would like to inform you that there's still many people who believe in aryan invasion theory and case system based on skin color outside America and Europe. Some are too lazy to update their curriculum, some are likely more comfortable with that idea. I grew up in a religious country that's not hindu, and this is what we been thought about India and Hindusm in schools (to this day). And since Aryan invasion and indo-aryan migration is kinda similar from the outside, all the new discoveries like genetics, still fits into the old theory. even if it doesn't fit, we'll make it fit somehow. Common aryan invasion deniers also didn't help because they reject the existence of the migration entirely, which is completely against the historical evidences.
That's a shame.
ah yeah tbh religion history is one of most neglected aspect on my country too, one argue about more about what it teach rather how it come to exist. while it true on certain sense it kinda shame little concern about history
@MR map That makes sense. While Dr Miano says in this video that caste was not racial, and that it was largely related to occupation, later on he says that the evidence is clear that there was a big genetic component to caste, with upper caste and Northern Indians having more ANI/Indo-Iranian DNA than lower caste and Southern Indians. It seems pretty likely that this genetic distinction would be reflected in how these different genetic groups looked, including relating to skin colour.
Part of the problem is that the word invasion is ill-defined. Does an invasion require a centralized command, such as a king? Does an invasion require the defenders to take up arms? Can any migration with skirmishes be categorized as an invasion? etc..
David Reich has a chapter in his book where he discusses "The genomics of inequality", but there is a difference between the words "inequality" and "invasion".
@MR map of course it has to do with genetic since a son inherit his father's job. But it doesn't mean it's about race. If it's about race, then all dravidian (for example) will automatically a sudra and all aryan will automatically a brahmin. But infact amongst dravidian have their own brahmana, ksatriya, vaisya and sudra, so does in aryan and other ethnic groups. So it's more like job division amongst individual group. Also if i'm not mistaken, in manawa dharma shastra said you can change your class which is a big no no in racial caste system.
I can't say anything about the rac*st people in modern india tho, I think those kind people is everywhere.
I Appreciate the video very much, though i couldn't understand all of it.
In case if you read the comment, let me give some idea about the politics here.
1. I live in far southern part of India. Politicians here(south) During time of independence used AIT as a political tool, claiming all bad things happened to ppl here are due to brahmins(priest-synonyms with aryan). Further, it was politically a good fit as mostly brahmins were economically and socially doing very well, while other castes are doing a lot worse. The politics worked well, and even works today. That's why Hindu conservative parties couldn't win much in elections here. Further, Due to this politics, ppl here widely believe AIT/AMT and as non expert i don't find any difference bw AIT/AMT in terms of explaining me the differences in cultural, language, religious(yes, religious but today it became part of so called "Hinduism" ) & politics of south & north( including brahmins of south)
2. But the above said politics didn't work much in northern part of India. Mainly due the invasion of Muslim rulers in northern India ppl there hold to Hinduism(Hinduism in south differ in certain things) more strongly. As you told in the beginning of the video it is hard for the ppl to accept origin of their language, religious practices etc are not India, so some hindu conservative political parties align themselves pseudo scientific theories so the ppl will comfortably feel indigenous. Lately, the politics worked very Well. The 2 Indian scientists you mentioned probably fell for the political pressure and made weird claims in press.
Thanks
Before chariots and war horses, there was trading wagons and long distance plodders. Trade must have gone with the language, a similar situation to the Anglo-Saxon language and genes.
Watching this video because, it may help in figuring out the genetics in my body. RM405 haplo on paternal side. Interesting info. Of course discussion of any topic is great. What attracted me is the Sanskrit. A ring of many generations was passed down with a symbol that shows up on great very old stones in Britain and India. It helps tie family info with current info which is nice.
Language nothing with genetic.South Asian once populated by Dravidian from Iran to Sri Lanka.When white skinned,blue eyed and blonde haired Aryan invaded from Steppe land ,they chased indigenous people southwards and mixed with low caste local Dravidians who are speakers of Urdu,Hindi ,Gujarati,marathi..,
@@Commentscomedy32 we’ll thank you for the info.
I am amazed to find such a large amount of research that has been done to make this video. Thanks alot for sharing all this.
ALL BUILT ON LIES TO APE THE BRITISH MASTERS OF THE TIME AND LATER TO APE THE BROWN SAHIBS OF INDEPENDENT INDIA!
Well explained.
Reminds me a bit of Abhijit = "I'm not a doctor, but I've played one on TV..." Why is he not reaching out to Archaeologists? Anthropologists? Historians? Somebody he can confirm his notions ( as that is all they are).
Thanks for reminding me to do my Sanskrit homework. Thanks!
Well done video with research references, Regarding your question at 58:37 I have watched multiple videos by Abhijit where the content was misleading as well as generalizing (like massacre and picnic references to Indo-Aryan migration you see here speaking about), and sorry to say that he too many times use out of context references to prove his points.
Quite an impressive analysis. Thanks.
A question (You may have answered in another video): Why is there a remnant of Dravidian to the West of the Indus Valley? To me this seems to confirm that the Harrapan civilization was Dravidian, and that it was knocked out by a giant ocean surge up the valley as a result of earthquake. There were survivors on both sides. If so, such an event could also have been the precondition for the migration, for it would have opened huge productive assets to new settlers. Any thoughts on such a scenario?
The Brahui people of Pakistan are Dravidian speakers, but it is unknown whether they may be the direct descendants of the Indus Valley Civilization; some propose that they may actually have migrated to Pakistan from South India. Further complicating matters, they also don't show significant genetic differences from their Indo-European-speaking neighbors.
What about the Avestan people? They migrated to India or is that in dispute, too?