NEVER be confused by HORSEPOWER and TORQUE again - HP and TORQUE EXPLAINED in the MOST VISUAL WAY
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- Опубликовано: 17 апр 2024
- How to increase torque with gears: • NEVER be confused by G...
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In today's video I'll be using Legos to give you the most visual explanation and demonstration of horsepower and torque. If you have ever been confused by horsepower and torque I guarantee that after watching this video these two concepts will never confuse you again.
So let's get started, and we're starting with Torque. Now this LARGE Lego motor outputs 0.14 Nm and this smaller LEGO motor outputs 0.03 Newton meters. What's a newton meter? Well a newton meter is a MEASURE of torque. It measures HOW MUCH torque is being generated.
What is torque? The simplest explanation of torque is that it's a ROTATIONAL FORCE. It's the ROTATIONAL equivalent of LINEAR FORCE.
When you take this bolt and push it you're applying linear force to it. But when you decide to bolt it down you're applying torque to it. In both cases a certain amount of force is present but what's different is the direction of that force.
So our LEGO motors are outputting a certain amount of torque that we have expressed in Newton Meters.
1 newton meter of torque simply equals the force of 1 Newton applied at the end of an arm that is one meter long. So for example if we take this bolt and use this wrench which is one meter long and apply a force of 1 newton at it's end the resulting torque present at the bolt will be ONE NEWTON-METER. Newton meters confuse you? No problem, because torque can also easily be expressed in foot pounds.
1 foot pound of torque is equal to the force of 1 pound being applied at the end of an arm that is 1 foot long.
So in this scenario I'm using the stored energy in my muscles to generate torque at the bolt. Our Lego motors are doing the same thing, they're using the electrical energy stored in these batteries to generate torque or rotational force, and as we have seen our large Lego motor is outputting more torque than our small motor. This difference in torque can EASILY BE FELT. If we install a small shaft into our motor we can feel the difference in rotational force coming from these motors. The difference in torque output is very obvious and the large motor feels much stronger and it's very difficult to stop it.
Just like our LEGO motors THE MOTORS in modern electric cars use the stored energy in their battery packs to generate torque. On the other hand internal combustion engines rely on the energy stored in fossil fuels to generate torque.
The key word in the word horsepower is POWER. What is power? Power is the rate at which work is done, in more simple terms power measures how often a certain force is applied over a given period of time. You could even call power = activity. It measures how many times you can repeat the same action over a given period of time.
This means that torque is influenced by only one factor - the amount of rotational force
But horsepower is influenced by two factors - the amount of force and how many times that force can be exerted over a given period of time.
Now we're going to attach these blocks onto the shafts of our Lego motors so that we can more easily observe how fast each of them rotates.
As you can see the small motor actually rotates faster that the large motor. In fact over the period of one minute the small motor makes 275 rotations while the large motor makes only 146 rotations. This means that although it can't generate as much torque as the large motor, the small motor applies it's torque at a greater rate over the same period of time.
This means that while torque can be both felt and observed horsepower cannot be felt in the same sense. If we put our fingers against the shaft we're feeling the torque, we're feeling the force against our fingers. When we're sitting inside a car and the car accelerates we're again feeling the force pushing us against the seat. We can only feel the amount of force, and because torque is only a force we can feel it. But horsepower isn't only a force, it's a measure of the rate of force. In the case of engines and motors it is the amount of rotational force or torque multiplied by rotations per minute or rpm.
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FORCED INDCUTION MOTORS in your example was a bad idea.
Damn you again with anothr bad example. The guy on the left can generate alot more force in a static position then the guy on the right. The guy on the right is just fatbuff. the guy on the left easily reps 3 plates on the bench and is only bested by the fat guys potential momentum. Which is likely only another 125lbs if they are the same height.
Thank you for explaining this stuff bro
Wala and the the team will also have the same problem with with
Amazon Link for Nissan GT-R?
"Newton meters confuse you?"
Me: yes
"It can be also explained in foot pounds"
Me: dafaq
in russian: " dha-nu-nakhoy!" )))
😂😂
It can me measured in, ugga-duggas too....
That would be foot pounds (force), not foot pounds (mass).
@@johndough9187 Hey you with the Dynamics!....we don't need your kind in the Newtonian Mechanics here.
As a Mechanical Engineer, I cannot believe you just explained the conceptual difference between Torque and HorsePower better than EVERY SINGLE professor I've ever had!
@@Excludos what did he skip over? It seems pretty competitive to me
@@mediumfast with the right gear ratio the the more powerful sportscar engine would accelerate the truck faster than the truck engine.
@@ZiegenMeisterV1 No it wouldn't, the GRS905 gearbox that Scania uses for the truck in the video already has 14 gears crammed in it with the 1st gear ratio being around 16:1 for an output torque of around 40000Nm. The Nissan engine would need a 1st gear ratio of 63:1 just to get the truck to move. A simpler explanation of the relationship between power and torque is power determines how fast you can go, torque determines how fast you can accelerate/how much mass you can pull.
@@leeowen4989 one thing that I never understood though... diesel cars tend to have way more torque than petrol cars, yet often need more time from 0-60. how come?
@@uNki23 It is usually because diesel engines can't rev as high as petrol engines and also rely heavily on a turbocharger. That said though, modern diesels are much more refined and are just as capable as petrol with much better fuel efficiency.
One important additional difference to note is, that TORQUE CAN BE CHANGED by a GEARBOX - you can trade rotational speed for torque or vice-versa. But power is conserved - no gearbox can make power out of nothing. This is essential, and why we have transmission in the first place. You could pull a truck with a Nissan engine, you would just need a low range gearbox.
Yes but that Truck will move very slowly
@@torevenheim9607 and the transmission would be bigger than the engine lol
Is this on the lines of what Archimedes said? "If you give me a lever and a place to stand, I can move the world. "
@@shantanupathak6701 Exactly like that, gears are just circular levers. The same works for belt drive.
@@Simon-fg8iz
Thanks SIMON. That makes more sense now. I own a 2008 SCION TC with a 4cyl 2.4L and it's very torquey and they are known for that.
Over the years I have driven cars with Bigger Engines most commonly the 3.4L and they didn't feel no where near my TC but now I understand the Low Range Transmission vastly improves Torque performance.
Meaning 2 Cars with SAME EXACT ENGINE Size can have 2 Varying TORQUE Ratings due to the Gearing Ratio.
A Corolla with 2.4L feels sluggish versus my SCION TC with the same exact Engine.
Makes Sense now.
Thanks again Simon
This reminds me of those great scientific industrial films from the 1950s, one in particular explains how differential steering works in a car with models, demonstrations, and illustrations.
Also the MST3k shorts with industrial films are a pretty good watch too!
Bet you're thinking of the Chevrolet promo from the 1930s.
I've seen that one too!
I think Ive watched that as well, does it start with something like a cross bar and gradually evolve into a gear used on differentials
U
Okay, you weren't kidding, this is actually a really good explanation. You really didn't mess around with any other fluff, you got to the point and explained it with brilliant visual demonstrations. Well done.
Glad it impressed some random person on RUclips
Extremely rare these days,(keeping it real) well done on the video, I'm learning a different to explain it better to customers and friends with better terminology.
True that!
Borderlands and cars. 👊🏻
@@lambonasty Hell yeah bruv, gotta catch a ride!
I love how this video gets straight to the point. Doesn't have a long intro or some history lesson to artificially make the video longer. It's perfect.
And with no sponsor ads. At least, not YET. lol!
This video actually perpetuates a lot of myths about torque and its importance.
@@alanartwww Make your point then, please.
@@ulysses_grant Here LOL _ruclips.net/video/41b-ZL5vSmc_/видео.html
@@ulysses_grant an engine's pulling power is related to its horsepower, not torque, this is proven when you see a gas turbine competition tractor do a full pull, gas turbines are low torque high RPM engines.
I always like to think of it applied to a gym workout. Torque is how much your max bench press is. Horsepower is how much weight you lifted over a time period( say, 1,000 kg in 60 seconds).
Someone benching 100kg 10 times in 60 seconds is the same Horsepower as someone benching 200kg 5 times in 60 seconds. The second guy has twice the torque, but half the speed. Same horsepower.
thanks gymbro i understand it now
@@Jocelyn-Blzr same lol
Thanks for Dude-Bro insight for the dude bros
Easily comprehendible, honestly horsepower was one of the concepts that I couldn't wrap my head around. Now am familiar with it I'll have to think about it more but at least I'll know how to think about. Thank you for the video
Left to my own devices I'd have defined 'horsepower' with the actual definition of torque before seeing this video. Sometimes the RUclips algorithm does good things like feeding my idle curiosity about how stuff works, and now I know better than I did yesterday.
think about weight ratio too. think about gearing that manipulate torque. his other video is good but HP and torque is the hardest to explain. also, not everyone understand it fully - reason i said fully because this is why car manufacture have races and time laps base on certain requirement.
Love the use of Eddie Hall representing the truck😂
4:13 *D4A* “The key word in the word horsepower is...”
*Me, an intellectual* “Horse!”
*D4A* “Power!”
*Me* “...”
😂😂😂
Seems funny to use the term "horsepower" but not "waterwheeltorque". :)
same, except I'm not an intellectual.
@@thromboid I don't see it. Horse power = calculated average maximum power exerted based on observation of (wait for it...) horses. The horses were turning a mill (if memory serves), yet we don't call it "mill power". Torque is a measurement calibrated by exerting a known force at a known distance (typically by suspending a reference weight along a beam of measured length). The "brake" or "water wheel" is just a measuring tool to apply this calibration to an observation.
@@ehb403 Don't mind me - I'm just being snooty. :) I've no quibble with horsepower as a unit (other than not being SI) - what seems strange is using it to refer generically to the physical quantity, instead of simply "power" or "mechanical power".
If it's referring to a particular test procedure then that specificity is useful.
I think it might be helpful to think about the electrical analogue of Torque and RPM as Voltage and Current, respectively. In both cases the product of the two results in Power. Voltage and Torque are what you need to overcome electrical resistance or mechanical friction, while current and RPM are the time dependent concepts that help you deliver high Power once you overcame the initial barrier. Maybe the analogy would be more accurate when you think about increasing voltage in order to create a dielectric breakdown to get the current flowing. I think this is very similar to using torque to make the wheels start spinning when you have a heavy load or are in a very inclined slope.
This is by far the best explanation of the topic i found so far. Excellent. Thank you.
I'm not an English speaker, I'm not even a car driver. I also never played with lego engines. Despite that all, I was able to get all the explanations, so that's probably a sign of a good content.
p.s. I was good at physics at school, but forget most of it and did not study it for like... 15 years already.
I can't believe it took me 25 years to finally understand what the difference is only to be enlightened by Lego.
Spectacular video!
Thank You!
I'm 44, and just now learning this, from this video.
@J J Not sure about your wording there. But I know what a 69 is. I've been around.
True enlightenment comes from playing with LEGO...
GREAT explanatory video!
Part of the additional torque of a diesel engine is due to the greater radius of the crank where the large end of connecting rod is exerting force. It's like accelerating a bicycle with longer pedal arms. You will generate more torque at the center axis of the crank using the same "pushing" force against the pedal while using a longer pedal arm (or pedal crank). A greater crank radius will require longer connecting rods because the distance travelled transversely at the big end is greater and you don't want too great an angle between the connecting rod where it meets the bottom of the piston. A larger diameter crank increases the compression ratio which is higher in a diesel engine (usually 14:1 to 25:1) than in a gasoline engine (8:1 to 12:1).
There's plenty more information out there about how diesels differ from gasoline engines.
so that would explain lower rpms i guess....with longer connecting rods, its harder for a big engine to rotate that quickly....granted im in medicine, very little car knowledge
But doesn't it also take more power to over come a longer stroke? A small combustion chamber would fizzle out right? I believe this is the reason why framing nail guns have huge heads versus the small ones on a trim gun
The only correction required here is, that compression ratio is independent of both connecting rod length and crank radius. Its limited/chosen in each type of engine based on many other factors.
Thanks for the DEFINITIVE video on this difference. Absolute gem!
"May the torque be with you"
-Luke Skyrunner
correction
LUKE SKYROTATOR
@@mallikarjun27 Luke skyliner
so you will keep spinning rather than moving forward.
OMG! 67 years old and worked as an automobile mechanic for years... and I finally get it! This was absolutely brilliant. Well done sir.
Me also, at 56
For years = for 0.01 years
Thats horrible.
As someone who’s just learning mechanics, you’ve given me hope. Thank you
Excellent !! Your explanation was superlative !!! My doubts were cleared ..
Very good job of explaining the difference! Bravo! Sub earned!
Good analogy, demonstration. For horsepower, when I was a teen, I realized that it was applied "work", and visualized two shipment workers, small guy, and big guy. Small guy used smaller boxes (less weight) to move raw product to packaging, and the big guy, in bigger boxes and units.
The small guy was quicker in his payload turn around between runs, but the bigger worker was moving more in one payload.
In an hour or so timeframe, they both moved a equal amount of payload, (small guy, advantage by faster rate (RPM), Big guy, advantage by brute strength (TORQUE), while overall "work" (HP) within same margins, boxes = (TRANSMISSION GEARING)
Yer and smaller guys joins wore out faster from more cycles. Like drag cars
excellent analogy
In my teens I had very muscular legs as a defenceman in hockey. At 6'1" and 200 pounds I was faster than smaller, lighter forwards. My legs cycled slower than the legs of shorter players but I was faster because my strides were longer and more powerful.
@@anascottwelding1761 Indeed! And a GTR engine would not last long in a heavy truck, even with ideal gearing.
Yes, and if these guys had my asshole boss as their boss, he would accuse the large guy of being lazy and not working hard and would pay the smaller guy more money even though both are doing the same amount of Work.
I'm 56. This is the first time I have understood this difference. Thanks!
In gearhead terms...Horsepower is how fast you can go. Torque is how fast you can go fast.
@@purplemongoose4887 great tip
@@purplemongoose4887 That is wrong.
Clearest explanation I've seen. Great video!
0:12 homie said "I guarantee..." and actually meant it. You're an absolute legend!
But never forget: with great power comes great responsibility
Brakes! ;)
R u kidding???? Rarely will you witness the responsible use of power!!!!
Even when you're in Park(er)...
Got you, uncle Ben!
Horse responsibility
@@jhuntosgarage who brakes lose 🙁
Anyone that uses Lego comparisons gets a subscriber from me! Doesn't hurt that you gave a great overview as well. 💯👏
Simp🥱
Siiimp. What does “a great overview” even mean?
I've always wondered what's the difference but no video made me really understand better than your way. It was clear, educating and easy to get. Thank you
Outstanding! This is the first time I’ve understood these concepts. Thank you!
The funny thing is that this video finally made it clear, Donut's video only had me confused.
Donut is 70% morons screaming nonsense, 30% content.
@@Rathbone_fan_account nah donut explains for people with more background knowledge
@@waleed172 So true!
Sometimes I had to pause their video to look for the certain example that they are using to explain the main topic.
Donut media videos are for semi-pro people.
Not for the beginners.
well maybe if i SCREAM MY POINT AT YOU YOU'D UNDERSTAND! MORE POWER BABY! lIGHTNING LIGHTNING LIGHTNING! AAAAAAHHHHHHH!
there you go. summed up every doughnut media video that doesn't have Nolan as the main talking head.
@@waleed172 yeah I agree, their videos are entertaining, but it really depends on the person, for me this video made the concept clear, maybe other people understood concept better when they explained it. Not attacking Donut just expressing what I thought.
"Newton meters confuse you?"
Me: "No, it is pretty self-explanatory"
"It can be also explained in foot pounds"
Me: "Well now they do"
I felt the same :)
But it is pretty much force lever.
He should have said pounds foot to make it less irritating.
This is also a good explanation ruclips.net/video/u-MH4sf5xkY/видео.html
@@SirGeldi except the ftlbs is literally the name of the measurement and to reverse it would be literally incorrect despite it still making sense
@@andreasfrost-blade4689
Yes, the SAE uses foot pounds.
Torque is a is the vector cross product of distance multiplied by force and cross products are non-transitive.
RxF=-FxR
Why I automatically read this in russian accent
@@andreasfrost-blade4689 the proper name for torque in SAE is pound feet, it is called pound feet to reduce confusion with foot pound which is a unit or energy not torque. But it doesnt really matter because most people say torque in foot pound anyway and the context will tell you whether or not its torque or energy.
Awesome video! After 20 years I finally understood the concept of torque and horsepower! (non-professional)
Wow, perfect explanation!
👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾
Would be interesting long stroke versus short stroke, and how power is generated differently. Effect on moving mass, compression, RPM...
That's a good video idea, thank you!
YESSSS this would be great
@@d4a something along that line was in this video (motorcycle engines): ruclips.net/video/-ooue7i73zo/видео.html
I agree that would be a worth while video.
@@d4a yes.. you should whack that topic to your next videos. Since lots people almost failed to understand n comparison between those too. Beside between piston n stroker n crankshaft are well related.
Yet again never disappointed by this guy, so knowledgeable and always makes it easy to understand
I love your explanation, I've finally found that one video explaining this with words! Also, your accent is super fun to listen to 😅
This video is pure genius. I've seen so many people having no idea how to make this distinction.
"Newton meters confuse you?"
"It can be also explained in footballfield cowfarts"
The British use "stones times furlong". However some Americans prefer "ounce times barleycorn"
woa that must be the strngth of like 112 morgan freeman
@@YassineELAZMI 😂😂
You could also simplify it to 43 bald eagles and 8 Donut burgers
@@YassineELAZMI Shut yo face. None of the engines in the world compare to Morgan Freeman. :D
Very well explained in such a simple way... Very impressive...
Great vid, thank you for spending the time to make it.
Now this is supreme education. Should be taught in physics
It is taught in physics 😊
Newtons law of motion
To moowe 160kg takes 160.1 kg
That's why !!! When you (Americans rolig coale)
Figur out that it AIN't the black smoke !!and HP in a DISEL
But the Newton Meters moovin the truck!!
(Funny max DISEL Newton meter is @100/1500RPM dependent on enigen)
Lol, somebody didn't pay attention in school. Yes they teach this in high school physics.
@@kennethschultz6465 What does any of this even mean?
@@kennethschultz6465 it literally is the HP moving the truck. This is proved by the fact that when shifting at peak torque the truck accelerates slower than when shifting at peak HP.
This video isn't what i've searched for, i just opened RUclips and it was here, and since i was very confused on how they acted, i clicked it.
Thanks for the explanation~
I’ve only heard/know of these physics words back in highschool (I’m a recent college grad now). I had a great physics teacher so I have a basic understanding of what’s going. It’s really interesting to see these concepts in the real life application, ones I can relate to
This is a great explanation but one would still get the implication that one should look to torque to indicate what will give you the feeling of being thrown back into the seat. You still feel acceleration, and 2 engines with different power and torque could theoretically produce the same feel of acceleration
"Newton meters confuse you?"
"Yah most people don't really know how much force a Newton is"
"You can also use foot pounds"
*Confused non-american noises*
A foot is roughly about a third of a meter. A pound is a bit less than half of a kg.
@@___-tp1su it doesn't change the fact that is still a force and a distance so it didn't make anything clearer by changing it. If someone doesn't know that a meter is a distance then they shouldn't be here in the first place don't you think?
@@TheLifeLaVita I don't understand what you're saying, I'm a little confused
@@___-tp1su to make it "easier" to understand, he changed Force and Distance with Force and Distance, so basically changing nothing at all
@@TheLifeLaVita I guess he did it for Americans. The average American probably doesn't know much about metric units
Best Horsepower vs Torque video I've ever seen. Well done
I’ve seen over10000 videos about explaining torque and horsepower, this is first one to make me fully understand🙏
"You can feel Torque but you can't feel Horsepower"
*Cries in mazda rx-7*
You can feel the fun
is the rx 8 any good
@@aestheticswim3397 good for what?
@@aestheticswim3397 no they went very wrong with the engine with the rx-8 I would recommend staying away from it
🤣🤣🤣
This is a good explanation. I think the only thing missing is the effect of gear ratios being torque multipliers.
Exactly, you can create double torque just with having speed halving gearing and power stays exactly the same if we just ignorre small gearing losses to simplify things.
@@Karjis I was thinking the same thing. Using gear ratios to reduce the rpm at the tire (using a vehicle as an example) you can get the same amount of torque applied to the ground as a much larger engine.
@@kevinbuhler8776 An even better example is a bicycle. You can see the transmission (it's called a cassette), so it's a great way to understand gear ratios. In a lower gear, the gear size is bigger. One turn of the pedals might make gear 1 make one rotation. Gear 1 is terrible for speed, but it's great for power, such as just starting off, or going up a hill. Compare that, to say, gear 7 (I'm using that because it's my bike's highest gear). Gear 7 is visibly smaller, and makes many rotations with one turn of the pedals. It's great for cruising along in a straight line fast. But you'll terribly hurt your knees if you don't move to a lower gear if you need to go slower, or if you're going up a hill. In fact, for anyone who's interested in learning to drive a manual car, I would recommend to them that they first play around with the gears on a bike. It makes learning to drive stick much easier, because they will better understand the concept of low versus high gears.
@@hamsterama Brilliant
Yep, on max power RPM and at full throttle, with proper transmission gearing,
more max hp =
more tq at the wheels,
only horsepower number matters.
Great demonstration! Thank you!
This was very well explained thank you
I barely comment on videos but here I’m compelled to express how amazing this explanation is. Unbelievably detailed and yet understandable. Can’t wait until my kid is old enough to watch this and more of your videos 👍🏾
Man, I never really totally understood the difference between the two until now. Even after watching many different videos from engineering channels. Thanks!
this actually really helped not just explain torque but why small engines can get such high rmp's that equal trucks
I really appreciate the Lego explanations!
Took me 30 years but now I got it. Thanks
so what si a horsepower ?
So basically, a gearbox is a device to control how much torque is being output by the driveshaft.
Yes, half true. a gearbox is also needed to spin the wheels slower or faster than the engine speed.
Since the engine has a maximum power (torque x speed) the gearbox can increase torque by sacrificing wheel speed (HIGH TORQUE x low speed) or,
increase wheel speed by sacrificing torque (low torque x HIGH SPEED)
@@spamtes yes that's what I meant, just did not elaborate enough. Thank you for the completion.
@@spamtes So theoretically you could use the GTR engine in a truck (since it has actually more horsepower at 7k rpm), but you would have to have a transmission decrease the rotations dramatically to get the same (or higher) torque as the truck? Could you also do the inverse and use the truck engine in the car and have the transmission speed up the rotations and with that decrease torque?
@@EndstyleGG Sort of. If both engines had constant horsepower then you would be right, since lowering RPM would necessarily increase torque. In reality, torque and horsepower are dependent on RPM (search for engine power curve or torque curve) and throttle, so the figures which are usually shown for engines are peak torque and peak horsepower at full throttle. Also, if you're searching for these curves and happen to find both for a same engine, notice how peak power doesn't occur at the same RPM as peak torque (usually).
@@EndstyleGG look up truck racing.
Many decades ago, I was an apprentice electric traction motor technician. One of my duties was to operate a Thomas Salter brake dynamometer. This contraption had the traction motor under test, attached to a dynamo and a load turbine. The dynamo was wired to a slave motor, which had a 12 inch torque arm attached from its spindle to a set of scales, calibrated in pounds. This contraption was the definitive brake dynamometer, and all readings were recorded as brake horsepower (BHP), as opposed to horsepower (HP). All our traction motors were tested and stamped 22 BHP @ 2,000 RPM / 48 Volts @ 54 Amperes peak load consumption.
Power quoted as BHP = Derived from mechanical torque arm acting on a set of scales. (Torque x RPM/ 5,252 = Horsepower).
Power quoted as HP = Derived from the electrical output of a driven generator (746 Watts = 1 Horsepower).
Always had a hard time understanding how horsepower is measured but understand now, thanks
"You can feel Torque but you can't feel Horsepower"
*But it's VTEC yooo*
I don't agree with him on that. You can only feel horse power. You have to apply torque over time to feel it. We can't experience things in infinity small amounts of time. It's like saying you can eat a cheese burger without the cheese. It's not a cheese burger till you have both.
@@pleasedontwatchthese9593 horsepower isn't an observable force like torque. It's a measurement of work done. You feel force, not work. It's like saying you can feel time passing. That kick you feel when you step on the gas is the difference in velocity between you and the car as the structure of those 2 things isn't rigid, but independent. It's applied torque.
"You can feel torque but you can't feel horsepower"
Horses worldwide would like to disagree
@@cIappo896 Actually its applied force, waht you feel. Tourque is actually the same thing as Energy. How much force is being experienced depends on the length of the lever that applies the force. Lets got talking about transmissions.
In First gear a gear connected to your engine will spin another very big gear. the Force applied near to the inside of the Gear gets applied to the outside of the other gear.
If these two gears fight against each other the Smaller gear would have an advantage because moving a long lever requires less force than moving a small lever. You just need a long arm or walk in order to spin a little wheel in any meaningful way with a very long lever. If your lever was shorter you wouldnt have to move as much, but you'd need to apply more force to get the same amount of tourque.
Shifting upwards into second gear will put your small gear against a not as big gear. The 2nd gear will spin faster due to its smaller size since you can move lets say 100 teeth/s because it has less teeth than the first gear. But the lever isnt as long anymore so it doesnt have as big of a tourque advantage anymore compared to what it had in the first gear. Thats why you have less acceleration in higher and higher gears. You might have a higher top speed but you cant accelerate as fast in higher gears anymore. If you'd made the engine spin faster however at some point it will fly apart, which is why there are rev limiters so they can prevent this flying apart part.
Your theoretical top speed is only determained by three factors:
Transmission length (longer transmission = more top speed; less acceleration), max RPM (higher max RPM = more top speed; more power; more acceleration; less durable) and wheel size (larger radius = more top speed; less acceleration).
The FORCE applied to the ground depends on what transmission length you have and how much tourque your engine produces. If the force stopping you from going faster (such as wind force or just friction in general) is greater than the force you apply, you can no longer accelerate. Mass is not directly a factor - but mass does affect friction but also increases grip, which increases applyable tourque - so mass cancels out - downforce through a spoiler doesnt - thats why racecars use wings instead of extra mass). Mass does not influence your top speed if your tourque is always as much as physicall possible (so much that your wheels dont start to do a burnout).
A burnout means that the force applied is bigger than the applyable force for the grip you have. The friction which is supposed to help you propell is being overcome, this causing your wheels to spin without your car getting accelerated.
You do not feel the tourque. You only feel the force. Force is whatever is at some point by the lever.
You can feel it very easily by using a nutcracker. Cracking the nut with your bare hands is rather difficult - for some even impossible. Put it into the nutcracker, grab it by the ends of the two levers and push the levers together. Quite easy if you ask me. The force applied by your hands is exactly the same. The force, which cracked the nut was a lot bigger. Depending on the lever length.
If the lever was lets say 6 units long and the crack chamber was 1 unit away from the spin center, the force experienced was multiplied by 6/1, which is 6.
So if you applied lets say 6Nm of tourque you applied that because you applied 1N of force on a 6m lever. 1*6=6. The Nut experienced 6N because the same tourque applies to all levers 6Nm of tourque means 6N of force at 1m distance from center. It would have felt 24N at 25cm from the center and so on.
Meaning:
If you had a REALLY long lever you could make the earth stop spinning when you stand at a solid location, which is not attatched to earth. The lever just needs to be able to carry out this much force down on earth because theres gonna be a lot of force. So good luck building that lever.
@@cIappo896 Time is how you use torque. It's not like its left out, its just part of a bigger picture.
I have watched numerous videos explaining horsepower and torque. I kind-of got it. After this video, I completely understand. All of the videos, including this one, have the same information. It is just how it is explained. Thank you again D4A!
I didn’t know I needed to know this but I’m glad I do now. That was very clearly demonstrated. Thanks for the lesson!
45 years ago we had a motorcycle dyno that used a jet engine starter/generator to heat coils, wasting the power as heat. So we got a voltage and amperage reading, multiplied them to get watts, _and then divided by 746 to get horsepower._ We already had the SI unit, but didn't know it, and everyone knows horsepower in the USA.
Respect
Very simply, I always put it as
Torque = how much weight you can pull
HP= how fast you can pull the weight (or, also, how fast you can accelerate the weight)
I always put it as hp is how fast you hit a wall and torque is how far you push that wall 😂
Personally, I like to think of it as Torque = performance in Gear 1 and at cruising speeds. That's when the engine isn't generating maximum HP and where you'll feel the difference.
Right, because horsepower is force times speed, and torque is essentially force. (Technically, force times distance from the centre of rotation, but the main point here is the force.)
thanks, that is useful
Toque is irrelevant. HP tells you everything. That's the proper explanaition.
Thank you for this video about TOOWARK. Before this video, TOOWARK, was hard for me to understand. Thank you for explaining TOOWARK.
❤ nicely explained. Thank you sir
this video beats all traditional educational movies by a landslide.
Possibly the best explanation ever. Excellent work as always 👍
Finally understood torque! Thank you 😊
thanks,, really good explanation.
Fantastic instructional video!. I'm a mechanical engineer with 20+ yrs professional experience,... And I've never seen a better 'down to earth' explanation of power vs torque. Well done 👍
Wow! That was cool... thanks man great presentation very simple and informative...
I've learned so much from this channel, thank you sincerely.
Thank you, great video.
So well taught!!!
At this rate of learning,I could be a mechanical engineering by the end of the weekend
Great explanation, you have been able to give a very concise and clear explanation of a parameter which frequently confused both the amateur motor enthusiasts and professional mechanics alike. 👍👍
I’ve had a tough time understanding these concepts for a long time a thin cleared it up for me. Thank you!
And he got it wrong. You do not feel the torque. If the engine doesn't move it doesn't matter how much torque it's producing. It's producing NO power.
With the smaller motor you can apply a gear to make them turn at the same rate. What number tells you the force after gearing.. THE HP NUMBER.
The work done is what you feel. If you have your finger directly to the shaft you're feeling the POWER of the magnetic forces.
Thank you🙏 Excellent video
This has to be pound for pound the best video on RUclips
Amazing video, honestly. I'm currently doing a mechanics course and every time torque pops up I mentally stall, regardless of how simple it actually is... Thanks so much!
When he started explaining horsepower and saying "the key word being..." my dumb ass went "aha! HORSE!"
Same, I thought he was going to explain why it's called horsepower lol.
Thank you for finally solving this mystery for me
I don't think I've ever understood this concept as clearly as after watching this 8 minute video. 👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽
Nice video and good explanation, with a couple caveats that I'd like to address:
1. You described HP as the "rate of torque". A more stringent/understandable description is that force/torque performs "work", which is measured in J (Joule). Work is a force applied over a _distance_ ; for example using a force of 50 Nm to push a stone block over a distance of 1 m. The work then equals 50 Nm x 1 m = 50 Joule. In other words work = energy spent (pretty logical, ey?). Furthermore, to lift a certain weight to a certain height requires the same amount of work/energy _no matter_ how quickly it's done. Work is timeless. For example transporting a dragster over a quarter mile - can be done in a month by a LEGO motor or in 4 seconds by a nitro guzzling top fuel engine. The work is the same! However, if you set a time requirement, then we are talking about power; energy delivered _per time unit_ . So if we push that stone 1 m in 1 second we get 50 Nm x 1 m / 1 s = 50 J/s (Joules per second) = 50 W (Watt) = 0,05 kW = 0.068 HP. That's _power_ ! ... i.e. how _fast_ you can get stuff done. How fast you can get that dragster through the quarter mile. How fast you do 0-60 in a 3 tonne car. And that's what you feel, actually.
2. One doesn't "feel" the torque of the engine during acceleration. You feel the force from the seat on your back. The force from your seat is generated by the _power_ of your engine. It doesn't matter if the power comes from a large engine producing 1000 Nm @ 3000 RPM or a small engine producing 200 Nm @ 15000 RPM - _your ass will not know the difference_ !!! To conclude: the torque of the engine has nothing to do with the force which accelerates your car. The source of that feeling is your engine power _transformed into torque_ by your transmission, diff and wheel diameter and then transformed into frictional force by your tyres. The force from the tyres causes the car to accelerate, which in turn pushes you in the back. Now, if _frictional force_ is what is being discussed, then talking about Newton meters is of course highly relevant. But that's not what people talk about when they're bragging to their buddies about the "insane amounts of torque" their V8 is generating... Bragging about torque without regard to RPM is like bragging about RPM without regard to torque (think RC engine @ 30000 RPM - you aren't setting any records with one of those!).
Power (kW) ≈ Torque (Nm) x RPM / 9.55
Power is what you want. You can achieve it by lots of torque (at modest RPM) _or_ lots of RPM (with modest torque). If you have both, then you've got a f*cking boatload.
I love you
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you definitely feel torque. power is a derived expression. Frankly for a given rpm they are just different expressions of the same thing.
@@TigerDude333 the human body can only "feel" acceleration. Without rpm your body would feel the torque, and with rpm its power.
You're still not really feeling power though, just acceleration.
@@TigerDude333 I don't think you are making yourself very clear. Wish to expand on that so that I can reply? You are talking about engine torque, right? Maybe you misunderstood what I wrote? If you can clearly point out and explain where/how my logic is failing, I am more than glad to discuss it (and perhaps learn something in the process, I see no pride in being right).
What we can agree on (i hope) is that you experience acceleration (and a push in the back). If you trace back from those phenomena you shall see that a ∝ P, which doesn't hold true for torque.
Here's a good example: i.stack.imgur.com/XEH9Z.png
Where's the push in your back (what you feel) the strongest? @ 2000 RPM or @ 5000 RPM? What I said in my above post was that torque is nothing without RPM. That alone should disqualify the argument "torque is what you feel".
I think it's also worth pointing out that gearing can be used to compensate for a lack of torque. That is to say that, theoretically, two cars with vastly different torque, but the same horsepower, could accelerate/pull with the same force if the gear ratios are scaled. For this reason, you can roughly compare how two vehicles of similar weight can accelerate based on horsepower alone (e.g., mustangs and camaros with equivalent transmissions have nearly identical acceleration times with very different torque, but nearly identical horsepower). I say theoretically because the engine with more torque will probably have heavier engine and transmission components, more inertia, etc., and will be slower to rev up with no load. Add in that the shape of the power curves, gearing, drive line losses, etc. will probably not perfectly line up, and you get a bit of a mess.
Now, another benefit of using horsepower as a metric is it tells you when, for any given car, you should be shifting to achieve maximum acceleration. And that moment occurs when the power at a given RPM is equal to what power will be at the new RPM after completion of the shift (assuming of course that you do not get valve float first 👀, in which case, that's when you want to shift lol).
This video only refers to torque at the crank, which is simplified for the general audience. A sports car can have a high revving engine, which enables higher gear ratios, which multiply the torque, so there is more torque at the wheels than at the crank.
@@Obi-WanKannabis Yeah. I wish people wouldn't try to make that simplification. A person isn't really understanding what power is in a vehicle until they see that it isn't altered by the choice of gear, while torque and rpm are altered dramatically and inversely. Then you see that at every speed, power is related directly to thrust (unless there is a burning smell;)
@@Obi-WanKannabis All cars have more torque at the wheels than at the crank.
@@drienkm I will also note that as the car accelerates it shifts into higher gears so the propuslive force from the wheels is less, but since the velocity is higher the horsepower remains the same
@@forloop7713 Yes, but gear ratios multiply it differently, if your car revs to 9000 rpm you're going to multiply that torque more than if it revs to 6000.
THE EXPLANATION IS REALLY GOOD, THANK YOU SO MUCHH FOR YOUR EXPLANATION 😸😸
Thanks for the explanation, I don't know I can understand this
It might have been worth mentioning that the torque generated by the truck engine is not only due to larger cylinder volume and piston diameter resulting in greater reciprocal force through combustion but equally important is the greater distance of the crank throw from the point of rotation creating a leverage effect for that force to act upon.
It would have tied nicely into your example of torque measurement using the 1 metre lever bar on the bolt with the applied force.
Another wrinkle with Diesel engines is that the fuel itself contains more energy than gasoline.
A second difference to consider is that gasoline is more explosive, whereas diesel burns and becomes more explosive under pressure. When detonation occurs, gasoline goes out with a bang. Detonation with a Diesel engine is a slower explosion which pushes on the piston longer than a gasoline detonation. This is also a contributing factor for why Diesel engines generate more torque than an equivalent gasoline engine. It is also a reason why Diesel engines don’t rev as high as gasoline engines, the slower burn creates a cap on how high your engine revs can be before your engine would outrun the combustion process.
@@nathanwieling7943 what is the advantage of gasoline then?
@@krys8494 Gasoline detonates faster for higher performance applications. Costs less to produce since compressions ratios (air to fuel mixture) are lower than Diesel engines so the engine and its operating parts doesn’t have to be built as heavy duty.
@UCLK3WKx3l3Mod5fV-RqenGA my dad had an Ford F700 with a small block gas engine in it years ago. It was slow and and a turtle could out accelerate it!
To some extent what you are saying is true about torque, especially when you can add gear reduction, but gear reduction adds weight and complexity which can be a drawback when a diesel can do it better if designed for the specific application. What this boils down to is we need different designs for different applications because a one size fits all approach doesn’t work. Maybe think of horsepower as how eager an engine is to work, and torque is how hard it can work. I could hook up a 30,000 lbs trailer to a truck with 1,000 hp and 500 ft lbs of torque and even though that engine is very eager to rev and accelerate, that 30,000 lbs will temper that eagerness quite a lot. However, a truck with a diesel that has 1,000 ft lbs and 400 hp will have no problem carting that 30,000 lb trailer around and up hills.
This is a better explanation than the video. Thank you.
Torque: Burst damage
Horsepower: Damage per second
Hahaha🤣 nice comment
That's actually correct
This would work too.
Torque: Lift Weight athletes
Horsepower: Marathon runners
Lift weight athletes can lift heavy loads which probably marathon runners can't do. But marathon runners can burn more energy, have better stamina, and faster speed.
Thanks! I'm going to share this one with my Dynamics students. :)
Awesome explanation
Another very well explained topic in that video, most people describing that doesn't manage to put it that precise (or the blatantly forget about the power per time thing for the HrsPrs..) . Thank you very much and now stow your Lego's away safely before you step on em!!! :| We need you making new videos with intact feet!
Ma-a-a-an, I almost love you! :)))
Thanks for great video, great simple explanation (I was unable to explain clearly the difference to my kids without tons of physics) and beautiful articulation, so even my bad english was not a problem to understand the text!
You're awesome!!!
Best of luck to you!
Beautifully explained.
Wow. I’ve never heard this explained so clearly. Thanks!
This was soooooo good. I had a sense of the difference, but this really clears it up.
Best explanation of torque and horsepower I've seen ever
Honestly this was such a good video. Explained perfectly
Absolutely genius explanation 👏
Thank you for the great demonstration. As a motorcycle rider, I hear lots of debates about this topic. One analogy I use, which demonstrates the difference well IMO. An R6 600cc with 40ft lbs of torque at 12,000 rpm, will make the same torque at the back wheel as a R1 1000cc 80 ft lbs of torque at 6,000 rpm, with both bikes traveling at the same speed. This is why HP is important.
Riddle me this. In your example in light of the video definition of HP (torque x RPM), the math on both the R6 and the R1 = 480,000 HP. This obviously is no true. Why? I may be bad at math, but I did use a calculator. Appreciate a response.
@@parsonscarlson7984 to see the math work we would need a dyno which measures torque at the rw in those conditions.
@@parsonscarlson7984Horsepower = Torque x RPM / 5,252