Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek and Madame Chiang Kai-Shek attend the 25th anniversary celeb...(1936)
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- Опубликовано: 20 дек 2020
- GAUMONT BRITISH NEWSREEL (REUTERS)
To license this film, visit www.britishpathe.com/video/VL...
The celebration of a united China included military parades, aircraft fly overs and the performance of athletes
Full Description:
SLATE INFORMATION: China's Kidnapped Dictator
CHINA:
EXT
AEROPLANES - CHINESE Inspected by Chang Kai Shek - Good
CHIANG KAI SHEK, Marshal & WIFE Inspects (w. his wife) on Troops, Planes and Athletic Display on Republic's 25th Birthday - China -
CHINA Marshal Chiang Kai Shek reviews Troops, Planes and Athletic display on Republics 25th B'day. w his wife
Personalities - Politicians; China; Military - Displays; Airforce - Displays; Navy - Displays; Chiang Kai-Shek
PRC, Chinese Civil War, Nationalist-Communist Civil War, Kuominang of China, KMT, Northern Expedition, commemoration, Soong May-ling, Mei-ling, President,
Background: The celebration of a united China included military parades, aircraft fly overs and the performance of athletes
FILM ID: VLVAB3RSUBABF9PBBGFBJOPZX4NKF
To license this film, visit www.britishpathe.com/video/VL...
Archive: Reuters
Archive managed by: British Pathé
Soong Mei-ling lived in three centuries, from 1898 to 2003.
and btw why did you intentionally misspell century into "centures"
@Commander Cody Dude the spelling is "centures" can you not read too
@Commander Cody the original guy wrote centures lol. thats incorrect no matter what you do
@Commander Cody Can you read?
@Commander Cody Dude read man read please stop denying the fact that you read wrong and possibly you don't know how to spell centuries please what is wrong with you
His uniform looks real sharp! His infantry, not so much.
its the marshalls uniform
very true man
That's why many of his men left him for Mao coz Mao used ordinary uniform
@@apalahartisebuahnama7684 these uniforms were only used for important events,like this, and were phased out in the 40s anyways. I can count photos of this uniform(worn by him and other marshalls) with my fingers
@@apalahartisebuahnama7684 ah yes completely abandoned their cause because the enemy had better uniforms
My partner works in the same company as his granddaughter (or great granddaughter - I forget) and they became well acquainted and when they meet, they invariably have lunch together (they work at different international locations). For me, it simply brings history closer to a tangible reality. Nothing more, nothing less.
Our old time President Jiang Kai Shiek and his wife are really a good couple. They are old time Chinese Christian. Don't love money, love power to orginaze country well. And the couple often to kneel down pray for country before GOD Lord Jesus. When we were kid S, we feel much much more Happy. You can feel in the air everybody is filled with hope and energy. (No wonder for the true Christian President couple. By the way, President Jiang had been writing diary for 57 yesrs (from age 28~85 ) . 5 star general Jiang , in his whole life no smoking, no alcohol, he only drink water. His life is so simple. He is really a great man.
@@user-ng9io5yw8c I like how you write in a Chinese tone.
@@mwanikimwaniki6801 You mean ??? Chinese English.
@@user-ng9io5yw8c Nope. Your English is just normal but you write it as if you were speaking Chinese. You leave out many tenses and conjugations just like in Chinese. It is simplified
@@user-ng9io5yw8c bad job in controlling corruption,which led to Republic of China downfall and gave rise to People Republic of China
Good introduction let's time to start a campaign with ROC in hoi4.
He can’t be called dictator at that time, there were still many local authorities don‘ the give up their power.
he was loosely a man controlling autonomous generals that occasionally strayed into warlordism, but he did have total control of Shanghai in the Nanjing Decade (which made most of the GDP)
Except every warlord as the time were military dictators and even family dictators.
@2021 S1G2 02 CHEN CHAK FUNG LUCAS Imagine comparing a useless tyrant and Dictator to a great leader and revolutionary like Mao
@@zurdddtk3025
It is odd to say that Chiang was a tyrant compared to Mao, or that he was less revolutionary. At the end of their lives, both of them were detached from the common people and brought a lot of troubles to the peoples, both being tyrants, with their romanticists preferring one over the other. You Westerners idealists always have a bad way of 火上加油, when you don't understand a grain of the situation. There were indeed Nationalist Defectors in the CCP who were authoritarian capitalist, like Deng Xiaoping, while there were socialists in the KMT (Yan Xishan). The shades of gray are likely lost to you.
My family and countless other Cantonese were expelled from the Mainland due to Mao; many of our families were persecuted and killed despite being carpet bombed by the Japanese years earlier. Westerners like you do not understand the nuance; it was Xiaoping's centrism (much like Chiang Ching-Kuo) that brought prosperity to China. Mao's initiatives in Manchuria would not have succeeded if Chiang Kai-Shek did not fight the Japanese during operation Ichi-Go, since the backend could only be flipped if the front end was in of itself unstable. Likewise, Mao and Chiang both had cables to the Japanese High Command if worse came to worse; the Americans won the war after bombing Japan and ordering the Soviets to invade Manchuria; otherwise the perseverance of the Chinese people against the Japanese people...
...is not a Nationalist nor a Communist struggle, and should not be romanticized in favor Mao.
Chiang wasn't dictator, cuz warlords and communsts everywhere and that's what makes China can't become democratic.
Such lovely people. Met them once at a cocktail party in San Francisco for China Relief. The Generalissimo was resplendent in his uniform, while Madame Kai-shek was stunning in a dress by Mainbocher and a hat by my godmother, Lily Dache.
you met chiang kai-shek?
vegas When I was nine years old.
that is very lucky meeting a leader of a country it must be a cool story to tell
Well how did you meet him ?
My grandfather was of the Panamanian Litigation to the UN. I was introduced to them at the function before my governess took me home.
General cash my check got that drip tho 😳
when the dictater is sus 😳
misspelled on purpose
Lmaoooo
He actually does though lol.
@@SwoteOffical Cursed comment.
@@angelusvastator1297 when the comment is cursed 😳
好珍貴的畫面啊
Real china 🇹🇼🇹🇼🇹🇼
real China!!!
Its interesting to note that the back-ground music is from the King Kong movie of 1933!!! Thanks!
The relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was very good He helped our Korean independence movement, and he had a lot of ties with Syngman Rhee's rival Kim Gu and took care of Kim Gu's son Kim Shin.
That's amazing
@@raf.nogueira yes hehe. The relationship between Kim Gu and Chiang Kai-shek was special, but Syngman Rhee had a bad relationship with the United States. I'm pro-American.
@@jeonyounggun104 that’s so interesting, I wish I could have friends like you to talk about these historic things
She has her own name Soong Mei-ling.
Your a bit late to tell that to this dude from 1936...
宋美龄
Go back in time and tell this to him
@@vinicioimbriani3482 tell who? The one who uploaded this video? He/she dead? Omg, so sad.
@@vinicioimbriani3482 KKKKKKJJ carai
My beloved president! President Chiang
It was his stupidity that allowed Mao to come to power
@@jamesricker3997 it's a different time then. He inherited a rotten system and plague by a world war and wide spread natural disasters . Not a bed of roses . China has a complex problem in the 30s to late 40s .
@@jamesricker3997 He was fighting communists which means he need against the Soviet, and also Japanese. If you have read Chinese history , you will know he was decided to against communist originally, but some generals disagree with him, this makes him change the decision, to fight japanese first but tolerate the communist, you should also know one thing that the Allies never help him to against communist, Britain and USA make the worst decision which is ignore the Soviet and chinese communist.
🇹🇼🇹🇼🇹🇼
🇨🇳🇨🇳🇨🇳
Cope. You lost.
前朝余孽
@@xxqxqxqxq2548 At least Taiwan is a first world country with a vibrant democracy
@@xxqxqxqxq2548 commie
The real china
Cope
Indeed, before that monster Mao destroyed thousands of years of history and culture to build his own dictatorship and cult. May China some day get freedom again.
Does anyone know what the tune playing in this is called?
蒋公:哎,都怪当年剿匪不力
不是美國出來調停嗎 不然都打到延安了
@@taigonwan 呃⋯⋯你知道西安事變嗎?
@@user-ry1ko5ty9h 我說的是後來 抗戰結束的時候
@@taigonwan 喔喔抱歉
@@taigonwan 美國調停,那是希望中國分裂,蘇聯也是一樣的,美蘇一同阻撓共軍過長江,甚至共軍攻下南京後蘇聯大使館還跟隨國民政府一起南遷,很明顯是希望中國分裂。美蘇都不願意看到一個統一的中國,他們希望中國沿長江分裂成兩個國家。
Wow awsome uniform
why I feel he looks so cute, and incredibly young (knowing he almost 50 in this vedeo)
He is known for his good looks, especially in his 30s-50s. I've seen some Chinese-speaking netizens made fun of him saying he was like the male version of Snow White, aka the fairest of them all, who was kidnapped by "another hot guy" and rescued by his lover in 1936, a year before Snow White (1937) was released.
General Stilwell called Chiang "Peanut." Whoever wrote the copy for the newsreel was under the impression that "Kai-shek" was a surname.
Stilwell has a lousy reputation even among his troops. I heard a story a colonel refuse to salute him in pentagon years after the war .
@@MarkzOng Stilwell died in 1945.
@@williamneumyer7147 1946 ...
there should be a symbol to signify surname
@@sinoroman is there a symbol for western surname ?
This is the real china
Highly instructional to read the comments below. Information of such arcane nature turns up that I personally find super interesting. In fact some of the comments below are leading me off on more research tangents now that they have inspired my wandering, and all consuming curiosity.
Gimo! His lovely wife created his legacy!
The generalissimo of the true China
The music is the King Kong March by Max Steiner!
;)
I was hoping for Donkey Kong Rap! :(
Nice
Always wonder whatta kind of perfum, shampoo or deodorant they used
asians don't use deodorant especially asians from decades ago and from asia lmao
Does anyone know where this is taking place
not sure, but must happen after 1936.11.11, on 11.11, Chiang was kidnapped by his vice chief commander Zhang-Xueliang in Xian City. General Zhang hope his master could start resisting the further invasion from Japan, recover Manchuria (where is the hometown of General Zhang and many of his followers, which was invaded and occupied by Japan in 1931) and stop wasting time in war with CCP and cooperate with CCP.
@@gingarrison104 no wonder he lost to CCP
china
At this time, was Beijing under their control?
@@perkele4176 nope
Chiang, the CEO of Kai Shek Logistics Company
永怀委员长
大中至正 一介如石
额
*I'm so handsome...*
YES,Chiang Kai-shek is much more handsome than Mao Zedong
@@user-he7pz1cf3v Yeah, at least Chiang don't have this wierd thing on his chin...
My grandma’s elder brother was recruited by chiang’s army, then he went to northeast for against the red army, but he failed and was captured.
An objective commentary about the "friendship" between the Generalissimo and the "American friends": “国民政府与美国人的关系则是另外一个样子。包括蒋介石在内,国民政府的大员们认为,在中国遭受日本入侵后,列强一直袖手旁观,甚至助纣为虐。尽管中国政府多次向国际社会发出呼吁,列强始终冷眼旁观。中国的抗战迄今为止都是孤独的,这种孤独让贫弱的中国为抗击日本的侵略付出了惨重代价。鉴于意识形态上的分歧,蒋介石对苏联在中国抗战初期的支援存有巨大戒心。他指望的是美国,但美国人的绥靖政策令他愤怒却又无奈。” translated: "The relationship between the Nationalist Government and the Americans is different. The members of the Nationalist Government, including Chiang Kai-shek, believed that after China was invaded by Japan, the great powers had been standing by and even helping the tyrants. Although the Chinese government has repeatedly appealed to the international community, the great powers have always watched indifferently. China’s war of resistance has so far been lonely, and this loneliness has caused a poor and weak China to pay a heavy price for fighting against Japanese aggression. In view of the ideological differences, Chiang Kai-shek was very wary of Soviet support in the early stage of China's War of Resistance. He counted on the United States, but the American policy of appeasement made him angry but helpless."
最後坐收漁人之利才是事實
Not to mention the betrayal by the Americans to support the CPC and Taiwanese independence movement in order to get back at the Soviets by supporting the mainland.
USA paid their share in Korea and Vietnam, and still paying...
蔣一直指望的是德国吧 ?
@@jagdpanther2224 帝國主義横行,能指望誰?
rare footage
He looks like Pixis from AOT
But less talented in commanding an army
Funny thing is, pixis is based on a nazi commander
法海雷音如來 _____()_____
He didn’t know his true enemy is behind his back. Not just the Japanese.
He knew his true enemy (communists) well, and sadly the ones who kidnapped him didn't understand that.
No wonder he is the enemy of the people.
@@3a146
Not all. A lot of people think he is good.
There’s no 100% enemy.
For example, the CCP has someone who loved them, even after they lie about Wuhan virus to the world.
@@chihanlee512 Traitors our nation think he is good.
@@3a146 sorry I don’t understand your English
This is his body double named He Yun.
✊️
He was a war lord, the biggest one in China, can’t call him a dictator
@nhà độc tài Yang Wen Li Lmao once again another gusano expat mask off moment.
Long live Republic of China ( Taiwan)
这个是在南京的中央体育馆吗?
British: Let's create a mess in a farming country and call one of those rebels which want to build a republic a dictator.
Chiang:😂🔫
What do u expect?
Do most Chinese people today love or hate Chiang Kai-shek??
在中国大陆大部分都认同蒋中正,因为他在抗战中做出了不可磨灭的贡献
蒋是一位伟大的民族英雄!
what was the first Taiwanese navy ship? 🤔
Depends on your definition of Taiwan navy
@@richardchen103 I speak of the period of 1949 when it was created on the island.
@@richardchen103 since much of the original navy was captured by the communists
@@greycatturtle7132 nanh,most of them retreated to taiwan
@@A0-3-0 oh
永懷領袖
凱申物流總經理
Long life true china 🇹🇼
这才是真正的军人
蒋公好
영어발음 멋있다
蒋介石が映っている所を見ると、中国国民党軍の映画とわかる。1936年といえば西安事件が起こり第二次国共合作が成り立った時期である。
A true leader
HAHAHAHAHAHAHA!
Let me laugh even harder, baizuo
*HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA!!*
I wish that CHIANG was won in the war
I think this is a fact that most people do not know, but Chiang Kai-shek has a history of asylum in Japan and working in the Japanese army.
Chinese and Japanese history have been strongly linked for millennia and I find it odd that it’s not mentioned more
And I’m sure, many Chinese generals during the warlord period actually got educated with new military tactics in Japan
Most of the KMT has a history of asylum in Japan, Sun Yatsen did a lot of fund raising and recruitment in Japan, it is where Chiang met Sun. After Yuan Shikai outlawed the KMT, Sun also reestablished the party in Tokyo.
As for serving in the Army, it was very common for the Qing to send its cadets overseas, usually to Russia or Japan to attend their military academies which would then incur obligation to serve in its military. Chiang was very valuable in this regard because he was one of the few revolutionaries who actually had military training/experience.
Many Chinese in that period went to Japan, before it became hyper-militaristic, to learn about modernisation and reform. Zhou Enlai went as well and wrote a famous poem about Kyoto's bamboo forest.
During 1900s and 1910s, Japan was indeed a sanctuary for all Chinese Nationalist reformers. Many notable KMT members spent considerable time in Japan to escape from Qing government and prepare for rebellions. Sun Yat-sen even married a Japanese woman when he was in Japan. Don't know why this history is rarely mentioned.
这就是著名的常凯申
🇹🇼🇹🇼🇹🇼🇹🇼🇹🇼🇹🇼🇹🇼
nothin changes
democracy would have bem the worst thing for china
How
chinas prosperity is due to its unity(theres only one ideal ; communism ,in a democracy differnt group of people would have wanted their own benifit not the benifit of the whole of china)
internal stability( no democracy no party politics no riots and congressional problems and no delays in gettting things done,democratic china would not have been ad fast to achieve developement because of party politics)
strong central leadership( which is needed in a country as big and as diverde as china,democratic leaders cant be as strong or indipendent cause they have please different group of people and as a result cant get things done)
and most importantly in a democratic china xinjiang and tibet would have been indipendent costing chinas intigrity
@@kenshin239 Based👍
one hot ancient lady near the end doing workout of some sort
常凯申
the true leader of China
So according to you A true leader is who fleees the nation after failing them to save his own pathetic life
@@zurdddtk3025 he fled with his entire army and people after losing the Chinese civil war, so he didn’t “flee to save his own pathetic life”
him compared to mao famine zedong, he’s a better alternative
@@hornet370 lmfao do you know the countless uncontrollable famines which caused millions of deaths under Chiang?
@@zurdddtk3025 it’s like they were being invaded by the Japanese, blockaded and divided between territories, while under mao’s United china, famines still happened
@@hornet370 "New research in China seems to have finally demolished the myth that tens of millions died due to the actions of Mao in the Great Leap Forward. Rather it seems that the famine of 1959-1961 was the last of a series of famines that China had endured throughout its history. The actual death toll figures for this famine were comparable to previous famines and had the same underlying cause-the poverty of a country that had been kept in a state of economic backwardness by imperialism.
The new death toll figure for 1959-1961 is provided in a paper by the mathematician Sun Jingxian. His paper is not widely discussed in the West, and a brief summary of it is needed. Sun published it in the April 2016 issue of Contemporary Chinese Political Economy and Strategic Relations: An International Journal:
Sun Jingxian, “Population Change during China’s “Three Years of Hardship” (1959-1961)
or on page 453 of:"
He's a good man but he's the second Liu Bei.
Turn the comments on , on the le mans disaster video. like wtf. id like too know what other people think
He is a great leader to fight Japan empire and CCP.
too bad he losr XD
CCP fought the Japanese better than KMT because KMT just kept retreating
@@MrDgo4life lol
@@MrDgo4life sure, ccp is the best party in the world
O2MC series aircraft
Chiang Kai Shrek
Kai shek???? Who ever made these news does not know much Chinese. I guess Kai Shek was replaced by Tse-Tung!
"Kaisheki's" ???
?
Glory to the ROC
蔣公千古
Is she a curse to mainland chinese and taiwanese, with her western beliefs and education, she had a practical influence on her husband, that's how the island end up being close to the US - too close indeed
出现了,常凯申(doge)!
粤语都不会,真废
@@michaeljeff8446 ?
I didn’t read this properly so I thought it was 25 years since he founded Taiwan and I thought “there can’t be 450 million people living in Taiwan, can there?!”
Love
Tom
25th Anniversary of Republic of China. This celebration took place in Mainland by the time. It was not until 1949 (38th of ROC) that the gorvernment withdrew to Taiwan.
His Excellcy Chiang Kai Shek and 宋美齡? Madame 宋
Soong Mei-ling.
People call her name Madame Soong Mei -ling in North East Asia. Madame means 女史? 女師? Lady Soong. They don't change their surname after marriage.
Lady Chiang? (X) Madame Chiang?(X) western cultures!
(( But Japanese changes their surname Queen 李方子 !)
(((李 is Chosen Dynasty Surname.
She married his Crown Prince in Korea. Suddenly I wonder where is the marriage ceremony place.
In Japan? In Korea?
It's very important issue in Law sometimes, especially family law area.)))
Madame 宋 is a younger sister of
宋庚齡.
I didn't learned Chinese letters in my University days.
(庚? is may not correct)
Who is 宋庚齡?
中華民國 國父之妻.
孫中山's wife !
Sun Yat-sen’s wife was called 宋慶(qìng)齡/宋庆龄... not 宋庚(gēng) 齡...
He is a very graceful man very typical of Jiangnan men weakness is also very typical not cruel enough
广播体操!果然某些方面的历史一直没有变过
Barack Obama with moustaches.
Duh Obama is ugly Chiang is otherwise.
.
1921
This happens when you only thinks for yourself only and neglect your army thus no good training and alikes. Keeping one's uniform cool with multiple self acclaimed medals which sometimes torn away uniformd are a thing of the past.
Chiangs Army was the best trained and equipped within the NRA......
At that time China just went through a civil war, with virtually no heavy industries. Chinese had no industries for military and Chiang's government just received millions of soldiers surrendered in the civil war. Most of these soldiers were poorly trained and equipped. Some of them were still using swords and bows on their horses.
But this man lead these soldiers, trained them, sent them to the eight-year war with the Imperial Japanese Army. Japanese, in the Pacific War, invaded Hongkong, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia and defeated the British, the Dutch, and the American Armies in a few months. But millions of Japanese soldiers were stuck in China for eight years till the end of war.
For example, in the Battle of Okinawa, the troop which defended on the Kakazu Ridge, or the Hacksaw Ridge called by the Americans, was from the 62nd Division of the Japanese Army, which was not aimed to fight with Americans but was responsible for maintaining the public order in North China. It was one of the hundreds of Divisions stuck in China at that time. Their opponents were mainly the Chinese guerrillas. The way they fought with them was hiding in the bunkers constructed based on cave dwellings on the Yellow Earth Plateau. They were considered of poor performance because they had a hard time with the Chinese guerrillas under the local warlord. Kakazu Ridge was considered of less importance so that was where they were assigned. The 62nd Division used the skills learned from the fighting with the Chinese guerrillas and gave the American a hard time. As the wikipedia says: "The Japanese had prepared their positions well and fought tenaciously. The Japanese soldiers hid in fortified caves. American forces often lost personnel before clearing the Japanese out from each cave or other hiding place. "
What if the hundreds of Divisions of Japanese Army in China were pulled back to fight with the Americans? I think that was the reason why President Truman decided to bomb Japan with atomic bombs because the Allies could lose.
@@angelofdeath1896
Nah, the Japanese suffer stalemates during the Second Sino-Japanese war
抗日英雄,蒋公千古!
they all got to carried away with the modern era
Containment.
He is much better than Mao!
nah, mao is better
@@claybo1140 I see you're a wumao,just speak Chinese
Chiang: oh no my own men betrayed me and incarcerated me in Xi'an. I'll have to work with the communists now despite my overwhelming military advantage.
Mao: 38th Army at Chosin reservoir goes brrr.
@Tailed Fox You know Chiang killed his own people too right? Chiang killed millions of his own by ordering the flooding of the Shanxi province in WWII, which caused a massive famine in 1944. It's about selecting the lesser evil man. Mao beats Chiang by miles.
@@chizhang2765 no he doesn't know. He's a China hater. That's it.
Chiang: man there is this thing called fascism in Europe that is totally awesome!
Also Chiang: failed to turn China into a fascist state...
Well, at least he got ‘white terror’ in Taiwan.
Bruh
hahahaha nice one
It’s really not that simple 🤦♂️
His real father is original came from Korea...
47 communists and Japanese disliked this video
long live the repulic of china...
lol... just a looser who got his ass handed to him.
Why the style is like the Japanese and the troops also follow the Japanese style?
No except for Chiang‘s uniform which can be confused for the Japanese style
The troops were clearly wearing a zhongshan suit(which you guys call them a Mao suit) with the Austro Hungarian style cap(which was used by Finland,Germany...)
The colors looked similar but that’s just the color
@@Bubble23428 thanks
@@raka4682 Norwegian,Swedish and Finnish used grey so they can kind of be confused with the German uniform depending on what their equipment is also the Italian style can be confused with the German style since ss were inspired by Italian military police or the Carabinieri
In 0:20 it mean (central platform)of the classical Greek/LITIN style traditional Chinese writing scripts p.s. the modern Chinese was translated from old Russian/Eastern bloc which the meaning is totally different , that movie never showed in modern China history book 📖, the deep mud skin single eyelid Chinese Vs double eyelid Chinese have been conflict in Sony dynasty and Yuen dynasty likes (YenFA chenchAn)old UK Vs old FR , however the modern capitilist Taiwan citizen fancy Japan ,love to visit JP but modern North west Chinese citizen don't feeling happy to learn Laos/Viet and RU language and eastern bloc writing scripts since the game (world in conflict) idology is come from old UK and old German and old Soviet Russian, Do I think so ?
大陆什么时候回归?
你蒋公被泼漆啦!
Debiste deshacerte de Mao, generalísimo Chiang
Communnists dislike this video
只恨蒋公剿匪不力
蒋公终其一生都在证明自己蠢罢了
偉人
可惜如今有人要割他铜像的头。
就是,應該把他真人的頭割了
應該開棺戮屍比較好,銅是無辜的。
那些人被綠共洗腦 可憐啊
蔣公並非善類,但也非惡人,他有其歷史價值和定位,不需崇拜,但紀念也是必須的
@@CML_ 全中國人唾棄他,全中國人幫共產黨趕跑他,還“也非惡人”?
他確實也有歷史價值,他的歷史價值就是給後人看看,封建地主階級的醜惡嘴臉
Ahahahah "his attractive ways".
Also, a dictator?