What Does a QUANTUM PHYSICIST Do All Day? | REAL Physics Research at Cambridge University
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- Опубликовано: 6 июн 2024
- In this video I'm joined by the amazing Dr Hannah Stern, who shows me the ins and outs of her research into Quantum Communication (new super secure form of communication) with the help of PhD students Simone and Gu. Dr Hannah is a real-life Quantum Physicist, and got her PhD in Physics at Cambridge University and is now a Junior Research Fellow at Cambridge.
Really excited to share my first video about research in the physics department at Cambridge, as this is where I'm also doing my PhD, and it's great to do it with Hannah as we share a lot of common background from New Zealand! As always, let me know in the comments what you think, and if you're an aspiring scientist I'm always open to take suggestions on what topic to look at next!
Massive thanks of course goes out to the legendary Professor Mete Atature (the Prof. Hannah works for) for making this all possible.
This video is student-produced content was made indepedently from the Cavendish Laboratory and Physics Department here at the University of Cambridge.
If it's not clear, the entrance scence is inspired by Quentin Tarantino's "Kill Bill: Vol. 1" (but just like 100x worse). Clips are taken from Ant-Man and the Wasp, and The Lord of the Rings: Fellowship of the Ring (fair use applies).
Music credits:
- HOTEI - Battle Without Honor or Humanity
- Wiener Philharmoniker - Swan Lake Suite II. Waltz 
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I suppose they are working and not working at the same time.
Let me fix the likes of this comment.
they’re only working when you observe them!
@@oliverbeattie5543 best one lmao
@@oliverbeattie5543😂😂
The concept of simultaneous being one and different is a concept from Vedanta philosophy.
It's called "acintya bhedabheda tattva" or "inconceivable simultaneous oneness and difference "
So , Heisenberg and Schrödinger were lending it, but they forgot to return it back 🤪
I feel a relief to see that the cable management isn't better in other labs
LMAO is that a regular problem?
Which makes verification extremely difficult, if not suspect. If you're this disorganized with physical constructs, your math and proofs give me doubts as well.
@@ChatGPT1111 I imagine the comment was an exaggerated joke
Oh this isn’t even that bad…I didn’t even know that term was widely used but it’s good to know I’m not alone
WE DONT HAVE TIME FOR CABLE MANAGEMENT. !!!111
well, finding a mentor. Thats the hardest part for someone in a third world country. Its really hard to find someone who can guide you :( I want a PhD in quantum simulation and learning all of it on my own with no guidance and resources :(
You’ve got this!! Btw, what’s Quantum Simulation? ☺️
@@Benni777 i assume simulating quantum effects, simulations for quantum systems beyond a few particles are notoriously hard
It can be very tough, and I'm planning on making a video soon on how to get into a PhD! Some advice would be make use of online resources such as the MIT open courseware to learn material - fun fact my physics professor at Cambridge learnt all his physics that way :) To get a mentor you can try doing an undergraduate or masters degree at a smaller university like I did. That can give you an opportunity to meet professors there who might be able to help you. Feel free to reach out to me by the way if you want more specific advice.
@@AlexanderSneyd oh thank you so much. Actually, I have learnt 80% of physics from MIT. I used to watch those lectures when I was in highschool. About specific help. I am interested in quantum simulation as a career but right now what I am focusing on is learning quantum information theory aa bit more rigorously. Trying to prove its major results. I am interested in potential insights to quantum foundation by reformulating quantum theory as probability theory etc. Read some papers but still need more rigour to be able to appreciate them.
The other thing I am trying to do with no guidance is make a multi-qubit non- orthogonal quantum search algorithm with clear quantum advantage. I don't even know if thats a sensible idea. So a quantum algorithm researcher as a mentor would be indispensible.
Your advice of going to a small university does not work when your whole country doesn't havea certain field developed even if you are at the top. And moving to a country without scholarship is too expensive. Yes online mentors would be awesome. I have been trying to reach out. Hope I find someone.
@@Benni777 well at this stage if I refer to analog simulation, it would be like setting up a quantum system you control with the same hamiltonian as the system you want to understand. And then just let it evolve and measure the result after.
I got interested in simulation after reading a paper about simulating lattice gauge theories on ion traps. Thats fancy mumbo jumbo for saying running the same operating software as fundamental particles controllably in a quantum system. That is exciting to me for fundamental physics.
For benefit of a regular person, quantum simulation allows you to simulate chemistry, which means simulation of new cutting edge materials like high temperature superconductor or new drugs or plastic eating enzyme or carbon capturing material etc etc. Quantum chemistry is going to be veey useful for everyone.
Very good question - one that's quite tricky to answer.
A Quantum Physicist (QP in _the jargon_ ) exists simultaneously in a variety of states:
Sleeping
Eating cereal and milk { Hadronic states of activity
Eating cereal without milk {- being mutually exclusive
Tweeting
Watching 'Big Bang Theory' on TV,
Playing 'Angry Birds'
Scratching & Yawning { Baryonic activities which _can_ co-exist in the same space-time
Rearranging review papers (but not actually reading them)
Reading George RR Martin or JR Tokein books
E-mailing job applications and resumés to the LHC in Cern.
The above are collectively known as the 'Behave function' of Quantum Physicists, and QPs do ALL of them simultaneously, ALL of the time, EXCEPT::
...when the QP is observed, at which point the _Behave Function_ 'collapses' into:
Writing up their latest report or thesis, whilst emiting phonemes at random intervals eg. 'Can't talk - BUSY, BUSY!' and 'Sorry - gotta WORK!' and 'Go away - I'm NOT your tutor!'
😂Where is David Attenborough when we need him 😂
That was awesome! You asked great questions and reframed them brilliantly. It was smooth and engaging - easy to watch to the end. You might have found a career… traveling to thousands of labs, each specializing in different fields of investigation. PI’s could attach your video to their grants :-). Anyway, I really got a clear understanding of the science that goes on in their lab - from material science to (descriptive) quantum mechanics. Great Job!
Thanks so much, really means a lot! And yes a man can dream... 😉
@@AlexanderSneyd
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together.
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String Theory was not a waste of time. Geometry is the key to Math and Physics.
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
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Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge.
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In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
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How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
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Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
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I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist. The model grew out of that simple idea.
I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
.
Can i ask from which country you are? What are u doing currently?
@@AlexanderSneydHow many sub-atomic particles make up a ant fart?
Really informative and approachable delivery of the science. I wish you all the best with you and your channel 👍
Thanks, really appreciated 😊
Hey this video was super cool to watch and understand a bit more on this physics subject. It would be really interesting to see more of a personal side of the scientist you get to talk to. It would be really cool to see their thought process and what their drive/ motivation is. Also I hope you start to upload more of these types of videos. Saludos desde mi familia en México ✌🏽
Thanks Oliver for the good feedback! Always a balance of getting in the physics as well as the personal side of things, but definitely will aim to incorporate more of the personal stuff in future vids 😄
This was an excellent and informative video. The ideas were explained very well and as someone who’s about to start a PhD in Quantum Computing and Engineering, it peaked my interest. Will definitely take the good advice on board and great interview questions!
This is brilliant! Really liked the style and the clarity of the video. It looks like it was a blast to film too!
I’d love to hear about your plans for the channel! You can send me an email if you’d like. It’s on my about page :)
Thanks so much!! Massive fan of your work 😄 Will definitely follow up in an email!
It was very nice to see this. More than that, the questions were asked in a neat way. The mix and variety of questions seemed like questions anticipated by viewers too. Thankyou for bringing this to us.
If your currently doing a physics PhD, it would be cool if you did a video on that process. Like what is it like being a physics PhD student, how long it takes, how to network, what is academia like...etc?
Yes will for sure aim to make one like that at some point!
Do you know deghal? Yes he was"
It takes 10 years
Academia is all bullshit.
There I saved you a decade of your life. Don't believe me, go watch Sabine Hossenfelder.
This is such a good video! Actually gives me insight into what actually happens in research, and what a day in the life of an experimental physicist actually looks like! A lot of the videos I've seen fail to show this accurately. Great job!
Thanks a lot, glad you found it insightful!
Great video! One of the best on the "day in the life of a scientist" that I have seen.
Great! Easy understanding & lot of encouragement to QM enthusiasts. Thanks.
So cool this is my field! Finally a video I can use to show my friend to explain what Im doing.
The most valuable video on YT for my curiosity of single photon emitter. Thumb up. Keep uploading.
Thanks really appreciate this!
You are going to generate a big community if you continue like this, and the normal finetuning in whatever you think, needs to be refined.
Thanks for the insight and take care.
Thanks so much for creating and sharing this informative and timely video. Great job. Keep it up.
Awesome video lad.. really appreciate it❤
I don’t know how I ended up watching this but boy! it was quite an eye opener 😳😱
so lovely edition, the music and the memes. So pleasant to watch
Not sure if you are able to travel for these videos, but it would be cool if you interviewed scientist at the Perimeter Institute, CERN, IBM… and such diverse places where you can find novel research being made by research scientists. It would be cool to see where they work and learn more about their job.
I am so happy to have found this Chanel . Congratulations for having explained the quantum physics in such a under stable manner , especially its practical application .
I am very interested to study the relationship of Quantum physics and human consciousness . Ultimately the Quantum reality and human consciousness has to merge together from a logical stand point if we are to believe the reality of string theory .
It seems to me that the quantum reality as represented by one photon has to interact with a non- material reality of human consciousness .
Thank you for your enlightened
Podcast .
I am currently in my bachelor's.I am interested in quantum physics and technology, that' the reason I wanted to pursue physics.Great video, kind of time traveled me in my future lab.
She explained it all very simply !!
Great video. Physical chemistry and Quantum physics might be entangled as well ;) Thank you!
QM >> PC
Wow, at the start of the video, I wasn't excited by the idea at all but when she explained near the end how it works, that blew my mind. If they can apply this to computers, it will make networks more or less completely secure. Governments will definitely going to be interested in this technology if it works. So will companies. The potential for its application is enormous. Maybe, I don't understand it properly though. Also, this is the first time I've ever heard of this. It's completely out of the main stream media.
Nice videos, they are very insightful. Thanks for sharing!
Oh my god thank you for this video!! I needed this for a story I'm writing
Good one, carry on making the insightful videos. Much needed!!!
Thanks a lot and will do!
loved every second of the video
This video is very good to watch. Learned a thing or two, and i like the advice.
Such a lovely video contents, showing how the Quantum theory works on communication systems with Photon, which i’v never heard before ever, since i didnt study that. But, its shows how brilliant science works on technology in our life significantly. Great experiments. and Point to a cute Taiwanese Gu guy i guess, he’s cute and smart. ^^
Useful and informative... Thank you and keep it up
Thank you for doing this. It was awesome to watch and very informative. I am your new subscriber ;)
Keep up the good job !
Hexagonal boron nitride is the same stuff used for very high temperature crucibles and lubricants. Used to use those neat optical breadboards to do all kinds of stuff. Mostly for harmonic generation and pulse compression.
Amazing video, kinda motivates me to wrok harder because thsi si tooooooo amazing to work in! Gotta study more ngl
1st time commenting on a youtube video and the video is yours. keep going on......! . I love your video.
Thanks so much! Very much appreciated :)
absolutely great and interesting video!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Outstanding concept 🎉🎉🎉
omg so inspiring to see someone from nz abroad in this field!! im in year 11 currently hoping to do the same one day
That's awesome! Feel free to get in touch btw if you want more specific advice about how to make it happen :)
More videos of this kind would be great !
Fabulous video, thank you for making it!
This is the exact field im looking to go into!! Like exactly! I am so mesmerised by the experiments and analysis they do and i too soon want to do this myself someday :D
This was brilliant and thats it dude!😎
Really like the content, keep on going! Subbed.
Thanks a lot!
She is so awesome! Such a great video.
I'm really Happy today, i found this channel. It's really helpful, more power to you mr. Alexander.
More videos on marine biologist, bio medical sciences, pharmaceuticals....
😂😂 I love this video editor he/she is entertaining the viewers who don't gets bored or sleepy when you hear technical language of PhD classes
Loved the humour!
Hi, French Biologist here, I have quite a low knowledge with physics but I know a bunch of things about optics and microscopes, especially confocal microscopy.
I haven't had time to research about your lab in google scholar I'm sorry, but seeing quantum physics using confocal microscopy got me interested to say the least.. I have a few questions about your setup and what you want to do with it :
- Why do you use an open setup ? More precisely, what part do you need to change ? I was thinking detectors but I may be wrong.
- Talking about detectors, which ones do you use ? hearing the "takes quite some time to measure" immediately made me think about photon accumulation, just like FLIM imaging using Avalanche GaAsP / PMT-Avalanche-Hybrid kind of detectors ? Or maybe you are using additionnal modules that give you other values for physical properties of your emitted light ?
- Seeing that you ultimately do imaging makes me wonder that you are not only interested in spectral characteristics of your emitted light but also spatial information right ? If so, are you interested into generating highly XY-resoluted images ?
- Pursuing with my previous question : we know wide-field, and also confocal microscopes suffer - because of the diffracting nature of light - a resolution limit. Conventionnal setups with blue/green light can give about 180-220 nm res. in XY and 350-450 in Z-axial. Is that a problem for you ? If so how about going with super-resolution methods ? I am thinking PALM-STORM approach, or also SPT (single particle tracking) with techniques using dual face to face objectives setups and multiple focal plane study to better estimate a real Z sample position. Usually having open setup is the way (I had colleagues like this) physicists build their custom "one-of-a-kind-multimodal-super-resolution" microscope for their very own experiment.
Now this is not a pure question, and I'm getting slightly more carried over... I know you can reconstruct your sample physical properties (shape, structure) using what's called Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM). As you basically know what's used as illumination (Polarization and Wavenumber (if I recall my electromagnetics - optics courses correctly)), based on what you obtain as emitted light after passing the sample, you can deduce what was your sample 2-3D properties.
So here, given that you probably know very well how your material is (and probably even the different types of "holes" in the lattice, if you manage to...) maybe that you can accurately determine how is the emitted light properties ?
Sorry if that was a bit long, but again, this got me very interested. Also now, even in biology, the help of very advanced microscope setups and physics is starting to be mandatory to achieve "high-level" data and keep pushing science further...
Earned a sub such a quality video from a relatively smaller channel!
Fantastic video! : )
please do more of this!
Could you please do one on quantum technology!? Basically applied physics (quantum sensors, quantum computers, quantum computer applications..etc) Also if you are interviewing people with different backgrounds it would be cool to share their journey into this field and the various undergraduate degrees that can take you into quantum technology.
my god i loved every second of this
* The video is great ! I pretty much curious about earth science part ! *
I love the fact that she used Alice and Bob as examples.
Great video. Would be great to see the research paper on this?
Amazing work
I'm a bachelor of English Literature but I found quantum physics is fascinating 💗
That's really cool. I also built an algorithm for superdense quantum code but for a different application while I was at National Taiwan University IBM center.
Good job, well done!
Love this, so interesting AND funny
Well demonstrated.
Very charming happy and helpful person with great content.
Dang, I would talk physics with her all day. Her field is so interesting and different than mine
I love doing this all day 💛💗💛💛
Thanks all for the beautiful information. Working on a single photon ejected by 2D material was so inspiring.
It is a really a interesting video i leaned some great things from this video thank you very much for sharing us such a great video ❤
Love the CGI. LOL
You are describing a direct line of communication without repeaters, boosters, or intermediary devices to process the direction of communications traffic. When we were experimenting with such communications back in the early eighties, it naturally fell apart when we put any distance between. We could send an array of tv stations between one lab and the next, about 40 m apart, but at a few hundred meters.... You need something like fiber optics to retain the focus. It's one thing to work out the ends and another to work out the middle. Good luck!
I would like to see in your following videos Ph.D. students working on new energy materials "batteries", solar, etc. -- gonna be wonderful to see that.
dr. stern, you a cool rock star of quantum physics. i love your video. please make more.
Nice film making and editing as a whole.
for first few seconds , i couldnt stop laughing , the kill bill music in the background is epic !!!! it is so adorable.
Just got into ETH zürich Quantum Sciences Masters 🎉🥳
Edit: ETH is where Mete Atatüre got his PhD from from the Imamoglu group in Quantum optics :)
this all made sense to me and even got me excited about studying more into this field, but alas, in another life as I already have a different career
Marvelous!
yo what a starting....what an attitude!
Thanks for doing this video
Full lecture series on quantum physics sir from A to Z
cool vid. Nice and homemade. Loved the occassional meme
i particularly love THE LORD OF THE RINGS theme song on the background!!! Dope
You should put a layer of graphene on top of the layer of nitride. The photon necessarily interacts with both layers. The orientation of the junction can be manipulated. Same goes for junction stacks. Photon has to interact with all layers/junctions.
That is how you make a photonic waveguide in the parallel axis, and a tunable wave plate in the perpendicular axis. Dope the nitride layer and you can also make an extremely sensitive frequency selective detector or emitter. The electrical contacts to the graphene are tricky though.
@@christopherleubner6633 hello , can you please guide me regarding , how can I independently study physics.... since I wanted to study physics after high school but my poor financial conditions forced me not to ... If I manage to take out lil of time each day , what can be the roadmap for me to learn physics ?
please advise my keeping in mind that I have to even build my foundation
interesting video, nice work
very informative!
So cool to see Demi Moore became a scientist!❤
Excellent video , keep at it , newly subbed
So, she's Leonard Hofstadter. This is so cool!
What do they do all day? Appreciating Howard Shore’s phenomenal score of course! Man, reminiscing that masterpiece is always a poignant experience…
1:40 this cheap chair looks really interesting, more interesting than the research itself. The carelessly chosen regular dark blue color, the proper placement...
Thanks for useful information.
this is very informative
Thankyou so much!.
Please make a video on theoretical chemistry
Thank you for the video
15:29 Eve is the funniest nickname I’ve heard this far for Mark 😂
I dream of becoming a physicist one day. Right now I am starting my Mathematics-Education-Major in Masters Degree; hopefully I will finish it in 2-3 years. After finishing math education I will get another 4 year degree to become a physicist. Thank you for the video. Now, it makes me more motivated to make my dream come true.
I love this.
The intro is amazing. Do you love Kill bill too?