thank you for the video, sir! Being a teacher myself, you get my two thumbs up for the youtube teacher of the year award. Clear, concise, and show by example. Nice work. Subscribed.
Hats off to you, Jimmy! This was the best explanation as well as a solid demonstration of stringwalking I've ever heard. For the first time I understand what it's all about. I may give it a try just to see if it works for me. I can't believe 7 dislikes. What are these guys...nuts? What's not to like?
I watched your video last year on string walking, and found it very informative. I used this method last year to take a doe at 20 yards. I actually mark my string because this is the method I use unless im shooting aerial targets. Thanks for the video!
I actually DO hunt with this method. I have 10, 15, 20, 25 yard marks ON MY STRING. Sure, not legal in competitions. I don’t compete, I hunt. Works wonderfully. BTW, I am hunting with 55+year old recurve bows (one piece). In my hands, gap shooting is not consistent enough - for me.
thanks for the video. I have been shooting instinctive but I will try this aiming method. i have been having trouble with anchor so this may help me since the arrow is more in line of sight. your a great teacher and archer on here. try to stay cool!
That is what I thought, I just wanted to make sure. It is different and interesting, I'm going to give it a try. I could tell by how you talk. I'm an old Airborne Pathfinder myself. Great stuff, educational and keep it comng please!
70" bow. Yes the bottom limb gets more bend. You can adjust the tiller of the bow if you want but I shoot even tiller. It's no problem. Stringwalking has been around for a long time.
@Skankpronger Best of luck. If you desire to get a more indepth explanation then you might take a look at "Masters of the Barebow." It can be found at 3Rivers Archery or Lancaster online. The volume with Ty Pelfrey is a great explanation of the process. Feel free to shoot me a note if I can be of help.
Great video, Jimmy, I came to stringwalking myself more or less by mistake, as my club does not officially teach it. But it works perfectly for me, so they let me do. Great to see the video from Tennessee - I am German but I used to work in Chattanooga for a couple of years. Subscribed.
One thing though, and while this may have changed, the NFAA, had a rule that stated that you were not to have any written information whatsoever in their competition, in Barebow. I do remember that in the 1980's that was a major rule.
As a bowyer, I am wondering about the tillering of the bow. Usually, for a 3 under shooter the bow is tillered 0 (both limbs balanced). For split finger shooting a little plus tiller is required (slightly weaker top limb). Now when you walk down the string, you actually (ironically) bring the bow out of the balance, stitch by stitch. This may not be that noticeable on some bows, while it would (will) create more and more vibration and thus hand shock on others. Obviously more on a longbow or any bow with a much shorter/less heavy riser. So, from my understanding, string walking is limited to some kind of bows and probably not recommended with others. I spend a whole lot of time in fine tuning and tillering bows.. (according to the finger position) which then would make little sense, with this aiming technique.
jimmyblackmon I have to insist, that for long(er) distances it is not acceptable from my perspective to put a bow out of balance that much. Except a bow that is not prone to hand shock with this technique. And, the "incredible accuracy" is just for the vertical axis. I am sure one can get the same accuracy on that axis with gap shooting, once dialled in, or with enough practice on various distances. I agree that this method might be a good solution for people who have trouble switching from gap to intuitive, but it is limited to a line of bows that allows such variations on nock point on the string. With a bow that produces gradually more vibrations and hand shock it is counter productive and decreases accuracy (and even efficiency of the bow) at some degree.
jimmyblackmon I was/am not arguing that part, I was just pointing out that string walking was not exactly the best solution for everyone nor for every situation, specifically not the best option with any kind of bow. This is important to me and I suppose to others as well. And sorry for insisting one more time, it is thus not just a matter of preference, but a rational and circumstantial choice to make, regardless of personal interest or preference.
I understood the purpose of your videos very well. But why don't you want to accept the obvious objections and limitations I explained so well and repeatedly? If you haven't got my point by now, I must sadly conclude that probably you do not want let me to have one single point in this matter. ;) Keep up with the good work.
Jean-Luc Streff Yes, I would not string walk anything other than a 3 piece recurve that you can adjust the tiller on. Some people do string walk for hunting. They have a short 15 yard crawl on things like longbows etc. Does it create handshock? Yes. But, they just want the accuracy for the short shot. I use a 68-70" bow and I adjust tiller to help.
Hi really enjoy your videos... every informative. I am new to archery and getting into string walking. Have you done a vid on where you anchor? Keen to see a close up on finger position and where your thumb goes. People seen to just say in the corner of mouth and add no more info. Keen to see a vid on this. Thanks.
When I first started shooting, I was being mentored by D'Arcy Clayton, who coached his wife to winning a gold medal at the masters games some years ago. He swore by this technique, on the range and on the hunt. Unfortunately, the technique is banned in most australian shootin comps, which is a terrible shame
I find string walking is pretty common in barebow recurve competitions. I've tried it buuuut I find it harder than how I shoot which is split finger anchoring to the corner of my mouth. My shooting style is sort of a hybrid between instinctive and gap, Unless I'm wearing a hood on my head shooting with both eyes open doesn't work well for me, it kinda messes with my vision so I usually have my left eye closed, the arrow is down my sight but at the same time I'm putting focus on the target
Thanks for putting this up. I have'nt seen much about stringwalking since the 70's.. I'm getting involved in archery again, along with my son. I really like those large foam targets!.. Care to share the source for those? I really need something larger than typically available in my area. Thanks Again!
@jimmyblackmon I have a book called " shooting the stickbow" that i ordered last summer. i read bits and pieces here and there but honestly i learn just as much from your videos. I know its a long road to become proficiant with these bows and its not for everyone. shooting compound all my life 20+ years im just now trying to make the transition because lets face it a true archer does not need a modern day high tech bow.
I competed in the NFAA in New England in the Youth/Young Adult Boys Barebow divisions. I won a few State Championships basically as a Instinctive Archery (split finger). When I went against those who string walked, I got beaten handily. No question it is FOR REAL. It will transform your scores greatly. If I had learned this method (and I have seen string walking with Compound Bows), I would have been more competitive. However, it does take some time to master.
I was wondering about what you thought about the "heavy arrow, EFOC" ideas as it relates to your methods. Seems like it's a 20 yd. game with a 750gr arrow.
Great video. I am converting over to barebow style and gapping. I really like this form of archery though. It just makes sense. However, if you change your position on the string how do you tune arrows? Coming from instinctive is a challenge. Don't see well enough to concentrate on just a small spot anymore. Since I am learning a new style I am going down in bow weight to 22#'s. Any suggestions on string walking and arrow tune. Thanks for your help.
I tune the arrow at the mid distance for my shooting. My arrow is perfectly tuned at 55 yards. It will behave a little stiff and weak at the 80 yard shot for field but not much. I don't have a problem with the close shots. Using the plunger you'll be able to get it where you want it very easy. For 3D I spend the majority of my time ~1" down the string.
Isn't the anchor point with whatever finger the same for every shot? The arrow moves in relation to that anchor point at a different point on the string, thus the trajectory is changed (See 8:32 for example of how high the arrow is above the anchor)
Miles Thompson yes but your bow hand is supposed to stay in the same position evey time. By moving your fingers up and down the string your are effectly adjusting a rear sight, as on a rifle
Jimmy, I have shot both string walking and gap. One thing I am concerned about is the noise. The further down the string you go, the noisier. I even notice the arrows “wobble” more than with split finger or 3 under. Is there a way to even out the pressures on the limbs so they work together and cut down on noise as well as arrow movement? I shoot a one piece Ben Pearson 1961 Palomino so no way to tiller a limb, that I’m aware of.
Certainly, it's loud when you get way down the string. When I shot a lot of NFAA field, the bunny target was crazy loud. A couple of things help. I shoot a 70" bow. Also, the top of the line limbs - ie. carbon foam. You won't blow up limbs but it will vibrate a lot. Still, very accurate and they were doing it with fiberglass limbs in the 70s.
I noticed that as I string walk shoot for varying distance, though I managed to get pretty good elevation adjustment (hi_lo) placing arrow near the bulleye. But issue is I have problem with left _right adjustment with varying distance. My bow is traditional without plunger. Do you have any advice?
Try arrows with different spine ratings until you find the one that shoots accurately at the maximum distance you shoot. That arrow will work at all shorter distances. An arrow with a stiffer spine (lower number) will tend to hit to the left of the aim point. An arrow with a weak spine (higher number) will tend to hit to the right of the aim point. One stiffness will be just right for your bow and draw length. It takes a bit of trial and error to determine the optimal spine for a bow without a plunger. 40 lb. bows tend to do well with arrow that have spines of 400-600. 30 lb. bows tend to do well with spines of 600-700. Look up how to measure the spine of an arrow.
Nicely explained :D when string walking, in longer distances, for example 50, 60, or 70m do you ever have to string walk above the arrow? to make those longer distances?
hi Jimmy, great video! but would you not be better to mark your tab in a different colour every 5 stitches? that way you can count 5-10-15 etc in seconds.
Alison, I was talking to a bare bow shooter yesterday who has a color-marked tab. He said it's not legal to use in competition. Probably the same idea as when Jimmy said a notecard can be used in some types of competition but not others.
Jimmy I used to string walk some years ago and my coach taught me to count down the loops in the serving and move my hand down there placing the top of the tab at the loop. I am thinking of playing with string walking again but I see you are using a marked tab. In your opinion which gives the most consistency and accuracy? Thanks.
It's more precise to count serving strands but takes a lot of time and is really better used for fine tuning. I have done it with monofilament serving but it has to be very large.
Not sure why that would happen unless you are now counting from the bottom nocking point vs. the nock of the arrow. You must use two nocking points when string walking or your arrow will eventually slide down the string when you are at anchor. You are clearly shooting with pretty tight nocks.
jimmyblackmon So therefore also the string right in the center of the (dominant) eye-view - so it's about to look kinda ''through' the string'? OK. thank you very much Jimmy.
You can put marks on the string and it will work, but it isn't permitted in competitions. So as long as you aren't planning to compete, put marks on the string.
jimmyblackmon i suppose by wires um not refering to the electrical type..... But the arm that the arrow rests on... Ive tried stick on versions...the arm bends/snaps The hoyt super rest only lasts a short time. What about the zt arm?
jimmyblackmon what do you set nocking point at? (Mine 6mm above level) zero tiller as advised. Do you shoot a lot with the zt rest or just occasionally? I shoot daily 150+ slim carbon arrows currently at 20yds indoors here in UK my crawl around 3/4 of inch
I am closer to 10mm. I have shot ZT rests for years (400 arrows per day for several years). Never bent one. The problem is the downward pressure when you crawl. Weak wire breaks, too stiff of a wire and the arrow actually bounces off the rest, creating other problems. The Spig is "the" rest for barebow in my opinion. I do not measure my crawls. The only thing that I care about is how far down the the tab. I am shooting the Yost Barebow tab.
I am canting my bow when I shoot. Is string walk off the table for me? right now, I use fixed crawl and cant the bow. can you cant the bow while string walk? thx
Yes. Canting the bow tends to make the arrow impact lower than uncanted bows and the arrow will also move slightly to the right or left depending on the cant.
thank you for the video, sir! Being a teacher myself, you get my two thumbs up for the youtube teacher of the year award. Clear, concise, and show by example. Nice work. Subscribed.
Hats off to you, Jimmy!
This was the best explanation as well as a solid demonstration of stringwalking I've ever heard. For the first time I understand what it's all about. I may give it a try just to see if it works for me.
I can't believe 7 dislikes. What are these guys...nuts? What's not to like?
I watched your video last year on string walking, and found it very informative. I used this method last year to take a doe at 20 yards. I actually mark my string because this is the method I use unless im shooting aerial targets. Thanks for the video!
Sir I honestly wish I could tell you in person how much I appreciate your videos. Always seem to gather the information im looking for. Thank you!
I'm glad they helped you out.
Great shooting and wonderfully explained video Jimmy!
I actually DO hunt with this method. I have 10, 15, 20, 25 yard marks ON MY STRING. Sure, not legal in competitions. I don’t compete, I hunt. Works wonderfully. BTW, I am hunting with 55+year old recurve bows (one piece). In my hands, gap shooting is not consistent enough - for me.
thanks for the video. I have been shooting instinctive but I will try this aiming method. i have been having trouble with anchor so this may help me since the arrow is more in line of sight. your a great teacher and archer on here. try to stay cool!
That is what I thought, I just wanted to make sure. It is different and interesting, I'm going to give it a try.
I could tell by how you talk. I'm an old Airborne Pathfinder myself.
Great stuff, educational and keep it comng please!
70" bow. Yes the bottom limb gets more bend. You can adjust the tiller of the bow if you want but I shoot even tiller. It's no problem. Stringwalking has been around for a long time.
In NFAA barebow you can have a written memorandum. You can write all your crawls down on a card or even tape it to your riser.
@Skankpronger Best of luck. If you desire to get a more indepth explanation then you might take a look at "Masters of the Barebow." It can be found at 3Rivers Archery or Lancaster online. The volume with Ty Pelfrey is a great explanation of the process. Feel free to shoot me a note if I can be of help.
@Skankpronger I am glad you enjoyed them. Best of luck.
They are called Blob targets. The guy who sells them always brings a trailer load to our Tennessee Classic shoot the first weekend of May.
Nice shooting, I've just started to learn this method of sighting, I've got a long ways to go.
I use a Bateman. You can get them at Lancaster Archery Supply or 3Rivers Archery.
Great video, Jimmy,
I came to stringwalking myself more or less by mistake, as my club does not officially teach it. But it works perfectly for me, so they let me do.
Great to see the video from Tennessee - I am German but I used to work in Chattanooga for a couple of years.
Subscribed.
One thing though, and while this may have changed, the NFAA, had a rule that stated that you were not to have any written information whatsoever in their competition, in Barebow. I do remember that in the 1980's that was a major rule.
As a bowyer, I am wondering about the tillering of the bow. Usually, for a 3 under shooter the bow is tillered 0 (both limbs balanced). For split finger shooting a little plus tiller is required (slightly weaker top limb). Now when you walk down the string, you actually (ironically) bring the bow out of the balance, stitch by stitch. This may not be that noticeable on some bows, while it would (will) create more and more vibration and thus hand shock on others. Obviously more on a longbow or any bow with a much shorter/less heavy riser. So, from my understanding, string walking is limited to some kind of bows and probably not recommended with others. I spend a whole lot of time in fine tuning and tillering bows.. (according to the finger position) which then would make little sense, with this aiming technique.
jimmyblackmon I have to insist, that for long(er) distances it is not acceptable from my perspective to put a bow out of balance that much. Except a bow that is not prone to hand shock with this technique. And, the "incredible accuracy" is just for the vertical axis. I am sure one can get the same accuracy on that axis with gap shooting, once dialled in, or with enough practice on various distances. I agree that this method might be a good solution for people who have trouble switching from gap to intuitive, but it is limited to a line of bows that allows such variations on nock point on the string. With a bow that produces gradually more vibrations and hand shock it is counter productive and decreases accuracy (and even efficiency of the bow) at some degree.
jimmyblackmon I was/am not arguing that part, I was just pointing out that string walking was not exactly the best solution for everyone nor for every situation, specifically not the best option with any kind of bow. This is important to me and I suppose to others as well. And sorry for insisting one more time, it is thus not just a matter of preference, but a rational and circumstantial choice to make, regardless of personal interest or preference.
I understood the purpose of your videos very well. But why don't you want to accept the obvious objections and limitations I explained so well and repeatedly? If you haven't got my point by now, I must sadly conclude that probably you do not want let me to have one single point in this matter. ;) Keep up with the good work.
Jean-Luc Streff Yes, I would not string walk anything other than a 3 piece recurve that you can adjust the tiller on. Some people do string walk for hunting. They have a short 15 yard crawl on things like longbows etc. Does it create handshock? Yes. But, they just want the accuracy for the short shot. I use a 68-70" bow and I adjust tiller to help.
Why didn't you say that earlier... ? Like so it makes sense, but before it didn't.
I like good weight up front for hunting but not "extreme." Since I shoot lighter bows I use 450 - 500 gr. arrows with 145 - 160 gr. broadheads.
That's the full length one from LAS. Don't recall who makes it.
Hi really enjoy your videos... every informative. I am new to archery and getting into string walking. Have you done a vid on where you anchor? Keen to see a close up on finger position and where your thumb goes. People seen to just say in the corner of mouth and add no more info. Keen to see a vid on this. Thanks.
When I first started shooting, I was being mentored by D'Arcy Clayton, who coached his wife to winning a gold medal at the masters games some years ago.
He swore by this technique, on the range and on the hunt. Unfortunately, the technique is banned in most australian shootin comps, which is a terrible shame
you sure did make your point, dont know how anyone could say it doesnt work
i never thought string walking can be diz deadly accurate.
I find string walking is pretty common in barebow recurve competitions. I've tried it buuuut I find it harder than how I shoot which is split finger anchoring to the corner of my mouth. My shooting style is sort of a hybrid between instinctive and gap, Unless I'm wearing a hood on my head shooting with both eyes open doesn't work well for me, it kinda messes with my vision so I usually have my left eye closed, the arrow is down my sight but at the same time I'm putting focus on the target
Thanks for putting this up. I have'nt seen much about stringwalking since the 70's.. I'm getting involved in archery again, along with my son. I really like those large foam targets!.. Care to share the source for those? I really need something larger than typically available in my area. Thanks Again!
Thank you Subscribed, never heard of this String Walking before. interesting.
@jimmyblackmon I have a book called " shooting the stickbow" that i ordered last summer. i read bits and pieces here and there but honestly i learn just as much from your videos. I know its a long road to become proficiant with these bows and its not for everyone. shooting compound all my life 20+ years im just now trying to make the transition because lets face it a true archer does not need a modern day high tech bow.
I competed in the NFAA in New England in the Youth/Young Adult Boys Barebow divisions. I won a few State Championships basically as a Instinctive Archery (split finger). When I went against those who string walked, I got beaten handily. No question it is FOR REAL. It will transform your scores greatly. If I had learned this method (and I have seen string walking with Compound Bows), I would have been more competitive. However, it does take some time to master.
NIce video, I never heard of string counting til tonight. I take it that you are counting the wraps on the string right? BTW, prior service by chance?
I was wondering about what you thought about the "heavy arrow, EFOC" ideas as it relates to your methods. Seems like it's a 20 yd. game with a 750gr arrow.
oh my goodness that's some killer shooting daaaaang!!
Stringwalking so much better omg makes sense
Great video. I am converting over to barebow style and gapping. I really like this form of archery though. It just makes sense. However, if you change your position on the string how do you tune arrows? Coming from instinctive is a challenge. Don't see well enough to concentrate on just a small spot anymore. Since I am learning a new style I am going down in bow weight to 22#'s. Any suggestions on string walking and arrow tune. Thanks for your help.
I tune the arrow at the mid distance for my shooting. My arrow is perfectly tuned at 55 yards. It will behave a little stiff and weak at the 80 yard shot for field but not much. I don't have a problem with the close shots. Using the plunger you'll be able to get it where you want it very easy. For 3D I spend the majority of my time ~1" down the string.
So basicly your are just adjusting a rear sight for different distances by moving your fingers and bringing the arrow to your anchor point ??
Yes
jimmyblackmon
great i'll give that a try...something different to me !!
Isn't the anchor point with whatever finger the same for every shot? The arrow moves in relation to that anchor point at a different point on the string, thus the trajectory is changed (See 8:32 for example of how high the arrow is above the anchor)
Miles Thompson
yes but your bow hand is supposed to stay in the same position evey time. By moving your fingers up and down the string your are effectly adjusting a rear sight, as on a rifle
yep
Jimmy, I have shot both string walking and gap. One thing I am concerned about is the noise. The further down the string you go, the noisier. I even notice the arrows “wobble” more than with split finger or 3 under. Is there a way to even out the pressures on the limbs so they work together and cut down on noise as well as arrow movement? I shoot a one piece Ben Pearson 1961 Palomino so no way to tiller a limb, that I’m aware of.
Certainly, it's loud when you get way down the string. When I shot a lot of NFAA field, the bunny target was crazy loud. A couple of things help. I shoot a 70" bow. Also, the top of the line limbs - ie. carbon foam. You won't blow up limbs but it will vibrate a lot. Still, very accurate and they were doing it with fiberglass limbs in the 70s.
Nice tutorial :D HD version maybe ??
I noticed that as I string walk shoot for varying distance, though I managed to get pretty good elevation adjustment (hi_lo) placing arrow near the bulleye. But issue is I have problem with left _right adjustment with varying distance. My bow is traditional without plunger. Do you have any advice?
Try arrows with different spine ratings until you find the one that shoots accurately at the maximum distance you shoot. That arrow will work at all shorter distances. An arrow with a stiffer spine (lower number) will tend to hit to the left of the aim point. An arrow with a weak spine (higher number) will tend to hit to the right of the aim point. One stiffness will be just right for your bow and draw length. It takes a bit of trial and error to determine the optimal spine for a bow without a plunger. 40 lb. bows tend to do well with arrow that have spines of 400-600. 30 lb. bows tend to do well with spines of 600-700. Look up how to measure the spine of an arrow.
Nicely explained :D when string walking, in longer distances, for example 50, 60, or 70m do you ever have to string walk above the arrow? to make those longer distances?
When shooting field archery I do aim above the X at 70 and for the 80 yard target I go to split finger. I am point on split finger at 80 yards.
Thank you :D
hi Jimmy, great video! but would you not be better to mark your tab in a different colour every 5 stitches? that way you can count 5-10-15 etc in seconds.
Alison, I was talking to a bare bow shooter yesterday who has a color-marked tab. He said it's not legal to use in competition. Probably the same idea as when Jimmy said a notecard can be used in some types of competition but not others.
Jimmy what type of bow string are you using on your string walking set up
I have used D97 more often than not. I like it, but any high performance, low stretch string is great. Modern fibers are amazing.
Jimmy I used to string walk some years ago and my coach taught me to count down the loops in the serving and move my hand down there placing the top of the tab at the loop. I am thinking of playing with string walking again but I see you are using a marked tab. In your opinion which gives the most consistency and accuracy? Thanks.
It's more precise to count serving strands but takes a lot of time and is really better used for fine tuning. I have done it with monofilament serving but it has to be very large.
how long is your bow? stringwalking gonna put more stress in the lower limbs right, does it okay?
Are you shooting with both eyes open?
Great video. A question: I string walk to, I use one nock point, I tried with 2 yesterday, and I had to aim a lot higher. Any idea why that happens?
Not sure why that would happen unless you are now counting from the bottom nocking point vs. the nock of the arrow. You must use two nocking points when string walking or your arrow will eventually slide down the string when you are at anchor. You are clearly shooting with pretty tight nocks.
Jimmy,
Who's quiver are you using in the string walking video?
I am counting the stitches on my tab. I am active duty Army.
And the string is supposed to be right in the center of the eye? Or is it advised to look sideways over the string?
Nock under the eye.
jimmyblackmon
So therefore also the string right in the center of the (dominant) eye-view - so it's about to look kinda ''through' the string'? OK. thank you very much Jimmy.
where do I get, or how do I make a "three under tab"?
Noob question: instead of using the stitches on a tab which can be lost, why not mark the string with intervals and then "gap-walk" it?
You can put marks on the string and it will work, but it isn't permitted in competitions. So as long as you aren't planning to compete, put marks on the string.
Do you string walk with both eyes open or close one and aim like a rifle?
Both eyes open
good shooting :)
Hi their what arrow rest do you use?/recommend? Do you break many wires?
Spigarelli ZT rest. No wires involved.
jimmyblackmon i suppose by wires um not refering to the electrical type..... But the arm that the arrow rests on...
Ive tried stick on versions...the arm bends/snaps
The hoyt super rest only lasts a short time.
What about the zt arm?
Instinctive wannabee oh no. No problem with the Spigarelli
jimmyblackmon what do you set nocking point at? (Mine 6mm above level) zero tiller as advised. Do you shoot a lot with the zt rest or just occasionally? I shoot daily 150+ slim carbon arrows currently at 20yds indoors here in UK my crawl around 3/4 of inch
I am closer to 10mm. I have shot ZT rests for years (400 arrows per day for several years). Never bent one. The problem is the downward pressure when you crawl. Weak wire breaks, too stiff of a wire and the arrow actually bounces off the rest, creating other problems. The Spig is "the" rest for barebow in my opinion. I do not measure my crawls. The only thing that I care about is how far down the the tab. I am shooting the Yost Barebow tab.
this string walking to me is nuts..I shoot instinctively..wouldn't it be better to raise the bow some every 10 feet..and faster and better.
Proven system that has been around forever, but may not be your cup of tea. Certainly more accurate than what you suggested
I am canting my bow when I shoot. Is string walk off the table for me? right now, I use fixed crawl and cant the bow. can you cant the bow while string walk? thx
Yes. Canting the bow tends to make the arrow impact lower than uncanted bows and the arrow will also move slightly to the right or left depending on the cant.
Too much jimmy in the video.