B cell activation and differentiation

B cell activation and differentiation -This lecture explains about the activation of B cell and the mechanism of B cell differentiation in Bone marrow and how B cell developed into the antibody making factories in immune system. It also explains the conversion of B cell into the plasma cells which is also known as the B cell maturation.
B-Lymphocytes -
derived from the bursa of Fabricius, or its equivalent,
1. ~ 10% of peripheral circulating lymphocytes
2. ~ 50% of splenic lymphocytes
3. ~ 75% of bone marrow lymphocytes
differentiation occurs in the 3rd trimester in utero & the neonatal period
all have membrane bound immunoglobulins, which attach via their Fc portion, a. IgM & IgD ~ 75%
b. IgG ~ 24%
c. IgA ~ 1%
clonal expansion and differentiation to,
1. plasma cells - which produce specific antibody, and
2. memory cells - which readily produce plasma cells to repeat challenge,
requires,
i. Ig-Fab portion attaching specific antigen
ii. antigen presented & pre-processed by macrophages
iii. modulatory signals from other cells, especially T4-cells
NB: plasma cells produce only one class of Ab which is specific for one antigen
→ theory of clonal specificity McFarlane Burnet
Ab production may occur as above, with the co-operation of T-cells
→ the antigen is said to be thymus dependent antigen
most antigens are of this class, and the Ab's produced include all classes thymus independent antibodies are exclusively of the IgM class
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First 2 things is there 1) thymus dependent 2) thymus independent
1. Thymus dependent 3 signal is there 1. BCR binds with AG and internalization (endocytosis ) those AG have spliced The MHC molecule identified and externalization of MHC molecule. And bind with TCR and CD 21 complex activation occurs (CD 21 (c3b,CD 19, CD 81) receptor activated in B cell and downstream signal activated B cell differentiation occur. 2 signal CD 40 bcell / CD 40 L ( T cell) (b cell cell division strated produced B cloned cell ) activated SHM ( somatic hyper mutation) with help of AID enzyme . And class switching (isotyping ) . This is increasing affinity towards antigen.

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