The Most Incredible Snowfall on Earth Occurs Deep Underwater
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- Опубликовано: 9 июл 2024
- Thanks to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and Monterey Bay Aquarium for partnering with us on this episode of SciShow. All of the amazing deep-sea video you are about to see was taken with MBARI's remotely operated vehicles! Head to mbari.org to learn more about their mission and latest research.
Deep in the ocean, fluffy bits of organic matter fall like snow. But this marine snow isn’t just pretty; it’s an essential part of our ocean food webs and our global climate!
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
www.int-res.com/articles/ame/2...
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/fea...
oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/m...
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/...
www.pnas.org/content/115/46/1...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.pnas.org/content/113/11/2...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.nature.com/articles/natur...
www.nature.com/articles/s4155...
eprints.soton.ac.uk/403842/2/...
manuscript.elsevier.com/S0304...
pubs-geoscienceworld-org.webl...
agupubs-onlinelibrary-wiley-c...
www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/3/8...
www.nature.com/articles/ismej...
europepmc.org/article/med/302...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.mmab.ca/pubs/treguer-2017...
www.clim-past.net/14/1819/201...
www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
theconversation.com/acid-ocea...
psmag.com/environment/global-...
cosmosmagazine.com/climate/ac...
www.int-res.com/articles/ame/2...
Images:
oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/m...
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4488
Thanks to those of you who pointed out the 3 billion square kilometers number is wonky! We got that out of a peer-reviewed paper, but it turns out they added a zero (the paper they cited actually said 300 million square kilometers, not 3 billion). We should have dug a bit deeper with that number, so we apologize!
The papers in question, if anyone wants to learn more about this and how those numbers came about:
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/47/1/91/567642/Sequestration-and-subduction-of-deep-sea-carbonate (added a 0)
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/93GB02524
Hi SciShow., My question: As sea levels rise will the pressure increase on the sea floor? If so, any ideas of what might happen to critters living there?
@@currysues you sweet summer child. they're going to die just like we are and everything else on the entire planet
Amazing! Tiny but mightyà
@@Erica-ye7kp Uh, no.
Don't eat yellow snow.
And don't eat marine snow.
When the white frost comes...
or the pink snow
Unless you're a vampire squid.
Dont eat Brown snow either.
I you have to admit that you don't eat yellow snow, you probably eat yellow snow.
The million dollar question is whether Hank’s undershirt is green and got keyed out and replaced with the background color, or if it’s actually the same blue as the background.
NOOOO IM DISTRACTED FOREVER NOW
Try 720p
It’s blue. The white grid doesn’t show on it when he is off centre, and in many shots the top is just slightly less vibrant than the background.
It did take a second watch of the video to check though!!
I can’t un-see that now
Terry Maximum-Effort but there aren’t any grid lines in the center, so could be a green undershirt
"We do not want to go back to the hothouse of the Cretaceous."
Cretaceous at 6:05: Sea level 330 ft (99m) higher than today.
No, we don't.
But we’re doing our damnedest to do a throwback
I mean, the beach would be way closer to my home.
If we were to get the same amount of CO2 in the atmosphere again as 110 million years ago, we wouldn't get the same climate, because the sun today is about 1% more luminous, so it'd be even hotter.
That blasted prehistoric life driving cars around and getting all that carbon in the air. Don't they know they melted the polar icecaps? Natural heating and cooling cycles my butt.
It would rid us of the worst parts of California, so actually, yes, we do.
How about an episode on seahorses, seadragons, and related bony fish? They’re really cool and I bet Monterey bay aquarium would sponsor something like that!
they didnt sponsor my wedding to a sea cucumber...
@Shivam tyagi research channel to be fair, I didn't ask, but, you know, forbidden love... And run on sentences...
I like the underrepresented stay-at-home-dad species, also.
@Shivam tyagi research channel
Seahorse males carry/protect the eggs, in a tail pouch, until they hatch.
That's interesting & somewhat unique!
It's more on the abdomen tan the tail. The females insert the eggs into the pouch where they are fertilized by the male. The male is then pregnant for about 22-27 days before giving birth to the fry.
Monterey Bay Aquarium is only a couple hours from me and I haven't been there in nearly a decade. I think it's time I visit them again.
Definitely should, the jellyfish exhibit is awesome. Have some videos of it from when I lived there, locals get a free week in December and I definitely took advantage.
Care to go together?
Visit Laguna Seca if you're in Monterey Cali!
Do you want to build a snowman?
Way down, beyond the suns ray!
You'll never see light anymore
Come on down to the sea floor
And we'll lock that carbon away.
+
I love Frozen and Sci show lol
+++++
Bless you 💖
Do you want to build a snowman?
Oxygen is overestimated!
And so is having eyes!
Alternative name would be sea dandruff :O
A better name really, it's not snow at all.
Snows organic matter? So cloudy with a Chance of meatballs?
*Cloudy with a chance of fish poop.
more like the giblets of your brethren
Yes kinda
Thanks to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and Monterey Bay Aquarium for partnering with us on this episode of SciShow. All of the amazing deep-sea video you are about to see was taken with MBARI's remotely operated vehicles! Head to mbari.org to learn more about their mission and latest research.
Have can they cover 3 billion km2. When the surface of the earth is 510 million km2.
In one video you state 97% of the ocean has not been explored, in this video you state most the ocean floor dont have vents. hmmmmm How can you state this when you yourself state the oceans floors are the least explored on the planet?
Amazing how pressure, death, and sh*t are all a part of the life cycle. Blows my mind every time I try to put all that into perspective. Thanks Sci-Show and Monterey Bay Aquarium for another fantastic episode! :)
Why don't we want to have a warmer climate? It takes more than Co2 to cause global warming. Climate change has been happening ever since the planet has been able to support life.
The plants are suffering under the amount of Co2 in our atmosphere and is the reason why people who have green houses pump Co2 inside those glass houses. Co2 is plant food and without it, wouldn't be pretty. The earth is still recovering from the last ice age where the growing of food was limited to certain areas. When I hear leadership or people like Bill Gates saying that we need to eliminate Co2 from the atmosphere is totally insane. Plants, shrubs and trees breathe Co2 and exhale Oxygen. You eliminate Co2, you will be eliminating yourself as the ice sheet that ends up covering your bones for thousand and thousands of years until some asteroid hits to warm up the planet or we move closer to the sun. Another thing that will happen as the sun ages. It might turn into a red giant and it will effect global warming on Earth.
*Reads title*
Well, I know what that "snow" is actually made of and I'm not going to stick my tongue out for that.
@Evi1M4chine r/whoosh
@Evi1M4chine I'm aware of what the fermentation process does, but we developed that process for food preservation and expanding our palettes. A side benefit of the microbe poop product is that it takes complex molecules and makes them simpler. Otherwise it would take more energy for our bodies to digest or we don't have the machinery/internal microbial helpers to do so. As for marine snow, I still wouldn't stick *my* tongue out, because I don't have digesting capability to do so, nevermind the "acquired taste" for it.
Only because the marketing dept hasnt decided you are, yet.
Ketsueki Kumori: Well, the reasons _I_ wouldn't stick my tongue out for it are 1) I'm not adapted to life in that particular biome, so if I tried to do it, I'd either 2) drown, or 3) be crushed by the intense pressures long before then.
Adriano Zambrana Marchetti pretty sure that wasn't woosh worthy. considering that the rebuttal is not hitting the 'point of the joke' but only added information
Thank you😍
Fans from Sri Lanka 🇱🇰❤️
I wonder what else hides down there... I love your productions!! Cheers from Germany!
Hi neighbour! 😃🇩🇰 These guys are great! On their channel "Journey to the Microcosmos" I believe it is a German guy who does the footage taking samples from local ponds and stuff! If you like this I think you'll like the other one too! 🥰
Love this channel. I was watching your episode on unfarmable foods and saw that you are based out of Montana. Nice to see Montana exporting knowledge! Keep up the good work.
Huge fan of the MBARI footage. Just the most surreal, alien environment. Amazing to see.
Thanks! We love sharing our work with the world-and now this the SciShow audience!
i always wondered how huge piles of chalk could build up. It seems like it would take way too long to form huge landmasses like the cliffs of dover and such but i guess it makes pretty good sense if this stuff is literally raining down all the time
“You scoundrel! Is that brandy?”
“No sir, just water.”
“Oh never touch the stuff. Fish $&@! in it.”
RIP Woodhouse
The Deep: the one place it's okay to eat the yellow snow.
In tears. Beautiful footage and so much accurate information.
You all are terrific and I am so glad to support what I can to your work!Keep it up, and thanks so much!
Happy to be one of the firsts to come up. Great video, I'm really thankful
Thank you so much for including your sources! You have no idea how much this helps me!
Amazing! Love it!
This is really fascinating how the life on this planet all works together in different ways, like how this 'marine snow' feeds the denizens of the deep waters and stores carbon at the bottom of the ocean. But then you had to ruin it by emphasizing AGW, instead of letting people be persuaded by how the life/atmosphere cycle works.
Anyway, I'd like to see more of these deep sea creatures that are at or near the bottom of the ocean, especially if you've got video!
Wow the ocean is freaking amazing in every possible way
You linked it to a lot of important points! Like ocean heating and acidification.
Hank, you had me at "mucus snowball."
Hank,
scishow,
Thanks guys. You've taught me more about our planet and life than school ever did
This is really interesting. Thank you.
Ahhhh my two fave science channels working together!!!
Maybe I'm old, but I'm kinda tickled that the research group's acronym sounds sort of like one of the alien races from Babylon 5 :D :D :D
I came looking for this comment! I barely remember watching some of B5 when I was little, but rewatched it just a couple years ago!
I'm a marine nerd so I see a lot of MBARI stuff around, but the association never ceases to tickle me, especially considering the Minbari are vaguely ocean-y in design >u
That's really cool! Wow!
I'm really happy that the Minbari are helping with this.
Excellent content
So cool to hear about a place in thats in my backyard! While Monterey is a special place, it's not a big city and it's not a big aquarium. It's a beautiful place full of life ,nature, shopping, and good food! Definitely one of my favorite places to go in Ca.
One of the big questions posed by my college Geology Professor had to do with where all of the carbon needed to produce diamonds came from. I think this video just answered that question......
Wouldn't be a Scishow episode on the environment without a climate change lecture, cheers to the crew for making another successful drinking game video 😎🥃
I just finished Nagiasu and now I find out the warm snow from that anime is actually real. Crazy.
Aw yeah
I love how you still explain the next step in the carbon cycle: VOLCANOES!
Monterey Bay Aquarium is awesome, have some videos of it. The jellyfish exhibit is awesome.
put enough pressure on fecal pellets and you get diamonds .
Yo Monterey is in my backyard, I love that place!
"ITS SNOWING!!! YEAH!!!!"
"ew poopie"
Super interesting! I'd be very curious about research about increasing the amount of marine snow and carbon sequestration. Maybe some kind of aquaculture to grow specific algea that sequester carbon more quickly, using a fleet of robots that fertilize and cultivate large swathes of ocean. Maybe even using genetically engineered algae that are very good at sequestering carbon to the seafloor.
Because that plant a tree thing won't do much, but the ocean is large and unused by people. So using automation you could build fleets of robot ships analyzing the water composition, adding chemicals to promote ideal growth for carbon sequestration.
It's honestly the only thing that makes sense to me that could be done on scale for carbon sequestration.
MBARI researchers have done some investigations on carbon sequestration in the deep sea: www.mbari.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Barry-et-al.-2005-JGR.pdf
www.mbari.org/ocean-acidification-warming-deoxygenation/
www.mbari.org/science/seafloor-processes/greenhouse-gases/
www.mbari.org/carbon-pulses-climate-models/
wow!
My favorite was the little Raptor model in the corner there for no reason.
This pairs so well with John's recent vlogbrothers video
Looks like the little trashmaid can make a snow angel after all
I was really looking forward to listen to some strange phenomena of underwater, salt-like crystals with a tendency to sink, hence actual Ocean Snow.
Instead, it was the sea flesh blizzard. I'm mildly disappointed, but don't get me wrong, it is interesting to hear about the bizarre food chain down there.
thank you very much for the term "sea flesh blizzard", I'll add that to the list hpffffft
In areas that are less acidic with a lot of calcium in the ocean, it is possible for the calcium to precipitate out of the water and it looks like snow.
The phenomenon is much more common in Marine aquarium where people are packing in nutrients for hard coral though.
I loved this video.
I have no comment for your disappointment.
@@WireMosasaur Your very welcome, kind stranger~
@@herranton oooooh that's awesome! Does it have a name?
Should do an episode on coral spawning.
I read that this is how oil/gas deposits are formed, sand covers the "marine snow" and it eventually turns into oil. Just look at all the major oil/gas deposits in the world all of them used to be under water for millions of years.
This has absolutely NOTHING to do with this great video Hank, but I gotta say; that new hairstyle is quite becoming. You may give Michael some competition for who has the best hair on SciShow! 😁
On some distant planets it rains diamonds. In the oceans it literally snows sh*t and corpses. Sorry, marine biologists, I will probably keep studying astronomy
On the other hand, you can SEE marine snow, whereas the diamond rain will quite possibly never be seen by a pair of eyes that are human.
@@garethdean6382 It's also readily accessible unlike his several million light million light years away planet.
@@idyllsend6481 Implying that billion bar pressure ten thousand degrees hot acid atmospheres are accessible otherwise.
I guess I should keep a more open mind about the value of the content you present. This was certainly interesting to me, but I wouldn't have guessed so based on the specific subject in the title. Thank you.
WHA....?? You mean, the planet is DESIGNED to balance naturally?? No way!
The carbon storing ooze. Yes!!! :D
I like your sponsor, they found Dory.
I always wondered what happened to all the marine waste.
Monterey Bay Aquarium? Surely you mean the Maritime Cetacean Institute in Sausalito, former home to George and Gracie... :P
I like oceans
6:32 Always wondered when talking about oil sites, about these hammer like structures are and how they work.
The hammer like structures convert the circular motion of motor into an up-and-down motion for pumping.
If you're asking what effect the up-and-down motion has underground then I have no idea.
They are pumpjacks.
Those are levers, with a pump on one end, a motor on the other, and weights scattered around. The "hammer head" is itself a weight. On the opposite end of the metal bar that it's mounted on you see a linkage, which itself is connected to a motor, which itself is pretty much always electric. The pivot is between, where that triangular spar suddenly squares off. The cable or pole connected to the hammer head connects to the pump, and is used to drive it's action. There are multiple designs of these, including with various numbers and placements of weights. The ones I'm most familiar with have two more weights mounted to the motor with arms, and themselves serve to stabilize the force going to the linkage bars.
Thanks guys. It would be nice to watch a 3d animated video in action and the effect they have underground step by step. But I think I understand the principle now.
Kuddos for going metric. Hopefully it catches on ;)
6:06 would be perfect to see in the middle of those two earths, "year 1800 more glaciers, bigger ice sheets, CO2 concentracion: 280ppm"
Larvacea be like "I HAVE YOU NOW!"
5:32 - 5:50
CRABS!!!! they look so nice
Awww, well spotted!
Plants and trees. Plants and trees are nature's CO2 storage. More CO2 in the atmosphere means more plant food. More plant food = more plants and trees.
This might be a naive question, but if we were to distribute food waste made by us evenly over the surface of the ocean and let it become marine snow, would that be solving part of the emission problems created by wasted food?
Dang, Hank. These tiny plankton thingies sound pretty interesting. Y'all ever considered doing an episode or two about them? I think it'd be kinda neat.
...okayokayi'llstopnowipromise...
Something just occurred to me. Seeing fish, and other various marine life, don't have an outhouse or plumming to properly process their fecal matter, wouldn't a portion, if not part of the greater majority, of the methane coming from the ocean floor be from rotting and fermenting fishpoo and dead marine life?
Outhouses and plumbing do NOT prevent methane production.
No, fish and marine animals produce very little impact on the atmosphere through metane and carbón, which are not released directly into the atmosphere but mostly difuse in the water and are used by other organisms, especially if you compare them to our domestic animals from large industries such as cows, sheep, pigs and chicken who release their methane directly into the atmosphere and whose waste is dumped in rivers and lakes which intoxicates that ecosystem
@@CorwynGC you got that right (having helped my dad repair the septic tank a couple times)
Last time I was this early global warming hadn't set it in and we had snow on Christmas Eve....
Go north.. no global warming there
@@grootdiaz494 global warming is everywhere actually. And it should be called climate change since it doesn't just warm up the temperature, it makes them more extreme
@@nebulabunny8633 no ned climate change is a real thing.. global warming is propaganda.. the planet has cycles of hot and cold.. there is absolutely nothing we can do to change this.. but good luck with the efforts considering we do not control the rest of the world and our contribution is less than 10%
@@grootdiaz494 no, the temperatures of the natural cycle are not as extreme as they are now, releasing of gases of greenhouse effect from human industrialization are affecting the climate. Just make a simple Google search and you'll have all the info, if you don't believe in climate change then you're most likely republican and it's not my responsibility to educate you into what your president mindwashed you to believe with no actual evidence of, educate yourself, you have plenty of resources and even this channel is great at doing so, I'm not a teacher
@@grootdiaz494 I live in Denmark xD
Imma Take a run as well
2:38 How do you spell that creature's name?
Seconded, would love to Google it.
Another great video (expect nothing less from you guys by now)
A minor nitpick though (ok, again... I know): 3 bn square km of the sea floor? And I thought the total area of planet Earth was around 510 mn km^2.... Then again, if you count all the nooks and crannies, in small enough granules...
So does Hank’s shirt actually match the background or was it just green?
Aw, I enjoyed this a lot but my favourite marine ecology word didn't get said; "siliceous ooze" xD (say it out loud, it's fun)
If there weren't shadows casting on his shirt I'd swear it was a green shirt.
Thank you. I feel like RUclips is drowning in mass delusions. There's so much misinformation on social media. I was so relieved when I saw that the earth is still round. Lol I'm so happy I found this channel. But I thought it was going to be about a snow storm.
That's called click bateing. And its not round its wider at the equator then the poles. Did you know the what we call the north pole is actually the magnetic south pole of the earth... Thats why north on a compass is attached to it haha hooe you enjoy their videos they do a pretty good job but remember always double check sources sometimes people make mistakes or new information has come out🖖🤓🤙
One of the few times the term Click bait is actually true XD
@@adumberfling9959 so your trying to tell me the earth is flat. Lmfao We have great medical and scientific breakthroughs all the time. That's what we are suppose to do. Advance. There are so many people believing things that have absolutely no scientific proof at all. In fact, it's becoming a danger to the rest of us. First and foremost this insane vaccination scare. I have often wondered how we have lost past civilization's technology. Or somehow forgotten past technology like the pyramids. Now it's becoming clearer to me as I watch people believing any dumb thing that they see on a RUclips video. People are trying to undo medical advances with no scientific basis. We use to have a saying that went something like, only believe half of what you see, and none of what you hear.
@@ImissYouSweetpea hey sorry for the miss understanding I'm not saying the earth is flat Alice by any means. I was just attempting to be a smartass by saying the rotation of the earth makes it slightly wider at the equator then the poles I know the earth is not flight. I am dumb but I don't believe everything I see or hear online but I dont think people that honest believe unproven things are A. Just like going against the grain and more enjoy upsetting people then actually believing in whatever... Unless its religion... people really do believe in that stuff... Thats way scarier to me then some small % of people beliving in nonsense that doesn't affect millions of people everyday... Anyways my bad again Alice never stop learning take care.
@@adumberfling9959 lol I'm sorry I thought you were telling me the is flat. Sure earth is not exactly round. I guess there are plenty of crazy people who will try to get a rise out of rational people by spreading unbelievable things that they themselves don't actually believe.
5:33 is that the raptor from Turok?
I hope in the future we are able to make most the carbon into energy
So... if water isn’t wet but only makes things wet... is the underwater snow wet?
So, Spongebob was on to something, but underwater snow isn't from an iceberg...
I’m also at the Mersey of life’s currents
i wonder if there are any ancient languages which describe land as "between the two skies", given that sea things basically work like air things
It can you do more videos on the insanity of the Mushroom Kingdom
🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯
nature is amazing and instead of working with it, we are destroying it and basically ourselfs. Nature will have it's revenge and i hope i won't be here to experience it...
Amazing video as always!
I wanted to see a Marine blizzard.
If the carbon is stored at the seafloor anyway, then maybe it's not a bad idea to trap CO2 under high pressure in the deep ocean.
I was convinced it was marine snow, but i had to be sure. Nature is weird like that.
Larvaceans are so cute like little tadpole like creatures which make mucus houses err biofilters to feed themselves a diet of dead stuff and critter crap by beating their tails. It may be disgusting to us but its yummy dinner to them. I have to worry about the effects of microplastics on them however....
Our researchers are concerned about this too: www.mbari.org/larvaceans-provide-a-pathway-for-transporting-microplastics-into-deep-sea-food-webs/
www.mbari.org/microplastics-water-column/
I thought "marine snow" was going to be something nicer, sounds like a pantone color 😅❄❄❄❄❄❄😅
LOL. It actually does sound like a colour from Pantone or some paint colour chart.
Much grosser in reality. Imagine what that sea floor is like, with all that minging rotting ooze. Probably good it's underwater, and therefore can't be smelled.
What is Marine Snow?
What is the organic matter of marine snow generally made of?
What happens when the plankton die?
What forms the base of the food chain deep in the ocean?
What is the role marine snow plays in the Carbon Cycle?
What is the largest area of carbon storage on the planet?
How did marine snow help to cool the planet?
How much of the planet's excess heat goes into the Ocean?
What happens when more CO2 enters the ocean?
Random FACT: Guinness estimates that 93,000 liters of beer are lost in facial hair each year in the UK alone. 🍺🍻🧔
That would be over a liter per person.
In Czechia, its two times larger
Bruh
Gareth Baus r u dumb
Cobblers. I know lads who will do that over a long weekend.
Some of the wankers could do with a gutter fixed on their chin.
So it's basically marine mana
"We do not want to go back to the hot house of the Cretaceous....."
Why? Life was flourishing then and there was little in the way of cold. Sounds great to me
idk man, a 330ft higher sea level sounds kinda inconvenient
Cause we are doing it too fast, no animal can adapt to survive this rapidly. Evolution takes time
During the renaissance they estimate CO2 levels several times higher than it is today. Maybe not anywhere close to what it was during the Cretaceous period but still a lot higher than today. Life went on just fine. Better than fine even. And considering the renaissance was well before the industrial age it puts a huge wrench in the climate change BS. Furthermore plants NEED CO2 to survive and flourish. The more of it in the atmosphere the better the plants do and as a result more oxygen that's in the atmosphere for us to breath. I say pump the CO2. And while yes in certain areas smog would be an issue overall we'll be just fine.
@@norrock1 LOL. You're missing a brain. What you said doesn't make sense, today we pump more CO2 on to the atmosphere than any other time on human history
@@DenDenn1 while you are correct, we do pump more CO2 into the atmosphere than anyone from before the start of the industrial revolution, CO2 levels were still higher than back during the renaissance and the Cretaceous period and the scientific evidence is there to back that up. Research it for yourself cause I know you don't believe me. Which is fine. That doesn't bother me. But if you do decide to research it (I'm guessing you won't though because its easier for people like you to be told what to think rather than doing the leg work to learn it for yourself) do yourself a favor and really rethink this whole climate change thing and whether humans really have much if anything to actually do with it
*reads title*
Wait, what?
I live Denver CO. Do not mention snow to me. I hate snow. I hate the cold.
Marine Biology class anyone?
Why don't we dump iron in the ocean to feed them plankton