The Biogeography of the Oceans
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- Опубликовано: 22 янв 2023
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So far in my studies of biogeography, we've mainly looked at how life distributes and structures itself on land. Today we're changing that by taking a deep dive into the many similarities and differences between terrestrial and marine environments.
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Sources / Further Reading
www.worldwildlife.org/publica...
databasin.org/datasets/3b6b12...
databasin.org/maps/new/#datas...
www.researchgate.net/figure/M...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
www.marinebio.org/oceans/geog...
conservation.reefcause.com/co...
www.alaskawild.org/wp-content...
www.themarinediaries.com/tmd-...
www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas...
phys.org/news/2021-06-view-ke...
www.coral-reef-info.com/red-s...
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
www.researchgate.net/figure/G...
www.nps.gov/glba/learn/nature....
worldoceanreview.com/en/wor-7...
www.nytimes.com/2007/10/02/sc....
www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/ec...
oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/b...
www.amnh.org/explore/ology/ol....
www.greenpeace.org/internatio...
ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/plant...
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lighthouse-foundation.org/Bin...
charlie-gibbs.org/sites/all/th...
www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/prod...
www.oakton.edu/user/4/billton...
www.researchgate.net/figure/S...
www.coral-reef-info.com/red-s...
www.grida.no/resources/13590
theconversation.com/antarctic...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/a...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
oceanconservancy.org/blog/201...
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
www.thelocalnaturalist.com/sho...
tracc.org/blog/2019/3/1/marin...
www.lifesciencestudios.com/up...
www.researchgate.net/figure/G...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.nature.org/en-us/newsroom...
obis.org/
www.livingoceansfoundation.or...
www.conservationgateway.org/C...
www.ccber.ucsb.edu/ucsb-natur...
The way you render maps and images is next level. This would be an amazing start to a marine biogeography class!
Fr
I honestly thought the map I made for this one was rather ugly 😂, I'm glad to see I truly am my harshest critic
No way, curious archive
@@AtlasPro1 Do you sell your maps as posters? Be they large, small, framed, or otherwise, I'm sure someone might be interested in putting some things like that on a wall.
Best crossover ever
Turns out today is a good day. We have an atlas pro upload!
Agreed!
Huzzah🎉
I'm studying marine biology at university right now and I think this video might be single-handedly the best thing I've ever seen in terms of how much understanding it gives of the ocean. The maps looks fantastic, the video is well explained and excellently produced. I cannot give this video higher praise and I will be sending this to everyone I know who is doing marine biology too.
Love your channel, I subscribed to you patreon just because of how amazing this video is.
A significant factor that was neglected is the salinity of regions in the worlds oceans. It’s not constant at all. Places like the Red Sea have a significant degree of endemism in the organisms that live there due to the significantly greater salinity in its waters than the rest of the surrounding oceans. I just thought that was neat. It probably isn’t significant enough to make it it’s own realm though. Great video as always this one was spectacular! Congrats on 1,000,000 subscribers too :))) you’ve earned it!
Could make such areas equivalent to islands, perhaps with gigantism, dwarfism, etc
I would also add two considerations: 1) Deep sea vents, whale falls, tree falls, and other such pockets are areas of remarkable diversity and endemic species and don't require photosynthesis; they rely on chemosynthesis and scavenging. 2) I think the open ocean shouldn't be ignored as its own biome, desert and populated by transients though it may be. The vast vertical migrations that take place there can dwarf terrestrial animal groups in both numbers and weight.
Both of these hint at a potential third point, which is that it may be impossible to regionalize oceanic life when so much of the sea remains un- or under-explored and/or understood.
Same with the baltic being so low salinity to almost being able to be called freshwater. It is also quite different from the greater north atlantic temperate region.
In addition to the Mediterranean
red sea is not oceans.
As an Australian, I find the marine realm profound. Walking from a topical rain forest, down to a sandy beach, then out to coral reefs is one the most wonderful experiences of my life. I remember it was mid-winter's day, yet it was warm and enveloping paradise.
Where in Aus can I do this?
@@MisterSpeedStackingQueensland maybe?
Aside from physical barriers, salinity, currents and temperature plays a major role in separating oceanic populations. It's like how a desert can seperate species despite it being connected by land and you could "simply" walk through it.
Im currently a geography teacher, i love this content so much, and this guy is invaluable
Your videos have given me more knowledge about geography than most classes I’ve taken. I can’t understate how much I appreciate your channel and everything you do. Keep up the good work!
Wow Atlas Pro this might be my favourite video of yours yet. You're a total inspiration and actually because of seeing your success I've decided to start making videos too! Keep grinding, your hard work clearly pays off!
nice brother
Good job brother
Just checked out your channel. You have a great voice for it. Good luck! It's really hard to build an audience
I'm glad to hear that! Your channel looks promising, you just need to keep at it!
Good video, good information. But, I would have insisted further on how little we know about the hadal/abyssal realms accounting on the fact that they are not devoid of life at all and are larger than all the other realms combined.
Certain keystone species make these realms feel more concrete. E.g. the temperate North Atlantic realm has atlantic salmon from NY to France, while the Pacific salmon species range from Japan to California. I'm sure the other realms all have some charismatic species or clade that can be used as a sort of mascot.
Wait.. it's all salmon?
@@BierBart12 Always has been
I'd love to get a softcopy of the map you showed throughout the video, that would be absolutely amazing.
It’s called the World Ocean Floor map. I found an HD version on the Map Porn subreddit
It's amazing how in every video, you not only present everything absolutely understandable and descriptive, you also find out new things that 1: people definitely didn't know yet and 2: you often are the first person to find out such things!
Love your videos!
Great video! Small correction on the origin of ice floating in the Arctic: While some of it might come in via Snowfall on land -> Glaciers -> Calving -> Icebergs, the majority is actually sea water freezing at ~-1.8°C depending on salt concentration. The two forms of ice also look visually quite different. The ice from Icebergs looks like floating mountains of ice, while sea ice, especially the fresh kind in spring is found in large nearly flat sheets.
The first time I learned / got a hint that you were still in school / college, my mind was blown. Here was someone who was teaching me knowledge I've never been taught, or never had come across from, in a totally novel way.
Seriously, almost all of your videos have an insight I never would have known otherwise. I can understand why a certain aspect of the world / universe is that way, and even use them to explain to others causes of things which on the surface seems unrelated..
Thank you! I have a Marine biology exam in two days! Incredible timing😂
Ocean residents do move around. It's getting more and more common for marine life to wash up on shore far far away from where it should be. Also there is the coelacanth. Rediscovered as a living being off the coast of South Africa now known to live in the south Pacific as well. An amazing video. I wish there were more of you.
That was super interesting, bro. Being a past aquarist, it made some things make a lot more sense. I thank you for your efforts. 🙂
I really liked this video, but one thing stuck out to me is that one whole subset of ecoregions with its own primary producers is missing, namely deep sea ecoregions. Both submarine brine lakes and hydrothermal vents have a completely unique way of sustaining themselves, even completely foregoing photosynthesis in favour of chemosynthesis to gain energy. These ecosystems seem very distinct from those mentioned in the video and are very diverse and different from any ecosystems found in surface waters.
I agree that deep sea ecosystems were left out, but I had two main reasons for doing this. First life at the bottom of the ocean is scarce and patchy, so even if brine lakes and hydrothermal vents support life, it can't be said that any continuity exists between these environments. Second, the deep ocean is still poorly understood, and we dont yet have a complete picture of the life that exists in these places. Maybe one day we'll know enough for me to return to this and make a biogeography of the deep ocean!
@@AtlasPro1 I think you should make a video anyways about what we do currently know I’m not an expert taken no classes and haven’t done much research other than a tone on nature documentaries but I think you could do a video about what we do currently know even if you can’t then that’s fine it’s just a suggestion you could also do a video going over different layers of the ocean and stuff like the relationships between the layers or maybe did life evolve in shallow waters the open ocean the deep sea and if the open ocean what layer?
FINALLY
I’ve been trying to study this for years
It’s so hard to deal with
It’s said that ocean biomes are constantly changing tho, that’s why it’s hard to define
Also there’s only one thing left, biogeography of freshwater habitats.
Astromarinebiogeography is something I hope to learn about in the future!
My last Astro Pro Video touched on it a little!
@@AtlasPro1 I guess I know what I’ll be doing for the rest of the hour
@@AtlasPro1 maybe you can try to amylase video game environments to see if it’s realistic or not, like in subnautica
Off the coast of Madagascar, about six thousand years ago there was a meteor hit that is a 20-mile crater in the bottom of the ocean which move tremendous amounts of ocean floor in that area both towards Madagascar and Australia, in Madagascar it left chevron's 600 ft tall so you might want to also consider in events like that.
I am tremendously grateful for you to be on RUclips. You are really one of a kind. Since i like geography and zoology a lot i feel very lucky to find your channel. This makes me wonder why has no one ever really make biogeography documentary yet?
These maps you make are really amazing, I and many others would buy them in prints, maybe that'll be a good thing to do? On my end, I would love to buy a world map of biogeographical regions on land and in sea at the same time as supporting you!
You should share this with your marine biology professor. They might include it in the course going forward!
11:21 Kitty makes a brief cameo. We got an informative and visually very pleasing video as always. Thank you.
You, sir, have the voice of an angel. You could narrate paint drying and make it sound interesting.
I have always been fascinated by marine photosynthesizers, especially the lack of more marine plants(especially angiosperms) like seagrass, i like your theory(hypothesis) about anchoring points for photosynthesizers as an explanation but i do feel like this and nutrients can't be the whole story, especially since freshwater aquatic plants do so well in biodiversity. I would love to see some type of mangrove like forest just reaching up from relatively deep ocean or just vast green oceans covered by some sort of marine duckweed.
Just an idea... I think you might have underestimated the role of ocean currents to link/seperate biogeographic zones of oceans. Although currents are "invisible", they are a still physical connections/barriers, and even powerful ones, acting like highways! It can explain why north-american/european temperate zones and south-american/african tropical zones are connected accross Atlantic. This may also explain why the huge tropical indo-pacific coral kingdom is divided into 3 realms: at least, one influenced by indian ocean currents and one influenced by pacific ocean curents. It is also a determinant factor for the isolation of Antarctica.
I also read articles saying that ocean currents can explain the relative homogeneity accross the planet and the persistence in time for the deep sea ceatures.
Fantastic video. Really great introduction to the topic. Those Biogeography 101 students won't know how lucky they are!
When looking at the map it reminded me that I'd recently lectured on invasive species and saw the temperature north pacific and north atlantic zones - one of the invasive species I talked about was the red King crab (not a crab but a carcinised Decapod), brought over to the waters of the Kola peninsula by Soviet Russian in the 60s and are now invading Norwegian waters as they have no top predator (giant pacific octopus) and leaving desert in their wake. Just last year UK fisheries have started fishing them. there's definitely a great story to make a video about if you're interested.
I'm also curious about the antarctic circumpolar current and what role it has in keeping the southern ocean realm species assemblage separate. Anyways thanks again for a great input.
aren´t all crabs carcinised decapods?
12:13 indicating there's drastically fewer microscopic organisms floating around innit
Bro turned British without even a warning
11:22 Spotted some paws there☺️🐈
pretty cool explanation
for the water column you can divide how much it by depth regions that have very distinctive fauna based on how much sunlight gets there, but also a great number o animals doing daily vertical migrations, deeper avoiding predators in the day and to the surface at night to feed. Then you have other factors of division like the termocline where surface temps after gradualy decresing with depth rapidly change to the normal 4 C of deep oceans. Another is the Oxygen minimum zone at a certain depth (variable) you'll find an area very low in Oxygen that limits the spread of surface creatures, but more tolerant ones can use it to hide from predators.
This is so random and unrelated, but I'm doing Uni assessments right now, its 9pm on a Wednesday and I've got 2500 words to type on a subject I haven't studied for due at 3pm tomorrow. I'm gonna be awake all night. But the last time I had to do this I watched one of your videos and for some reason it encouraged me to not only stick with it and complete my task but I done it to a good standard.
I'm not great with keeping my work up to date hence why I'm here again but this video has given me some hope I can pull it off once again :). I don't get a lot of hope especially when I'm all alone at night in the middle of winter so I'm glad this channel is here. Sorry it's got no relation to the video but I just had to say something to someone, somewhere.
Saw once for fun then replayed and took notes. Love your videos so much
Sounds like you're ready for the pop quiz!
HE'S BACK! YAY!!! I have been thinking about this channel so much here lately!!! I want to say that you really have brought about my realization in my passion for these subjects. thank you for being such a great entertainer, and communicator. along with all the maps, and editing stuff you do.
The former connection between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans around Panama is what explains similarities in species between the West Atlantic and far-east Pacific. For example, the spadefishes (Genus Chaetodipterus) can only be found in the Atlantic and in the eastern fringe of the Pacific, as can the lookdown fishes (Genus Selene). Also, there are similarities between marine angelfish species on either side of the Americas, such as the french and gray angelfishes in the West Atlantic and the cortez angelfish of the far eastern Pacific, and of course the angelfishes of the Holacanthus genus, which-- you guessed it-- can only be found in the Atlantic and in the East Pacific.
I've wondered for so long why these similarities exist, and nothing I could find explained exactly why. However, this video has cleared it up perfectly. Thank you so much.
Ahhhhh! At last an update. God knows how match I missed your updates
Fantastic video AP. Once again, I'm learning interesting stuff that I've never seen addressed elsewhere... even by Attenborough!
Mate you're a champion. Cheers.
Great video and nicely summaries Marine Biology and Marine Ecology! Only thing I feel you missed out is the impact depth and currents have on marine biomes. There is other stratification and marine biogeographical factor's.
Could maby be future video for you to investigate :)
Happy to help share any insights and research as I am a Marine Biologist :)
Your channel and videos really helped me with discovering my interests.
I've always been interested in geography at school but didn't really know what to expect from geography after school.
Your first videos really gave me confidence in my interest.
Now I'm studying geography at university in my 1st semster and i absolutly love it
This video made me realize how amazing the subnautica games really are. It's kinda funny how well the game captures many of the traits he talks about here, including the deep and dark abyssal zone. Kelp forests, warm waters that have corals everywhere, volcanic regions, limestone caves, etc, it's kinda crazy how well they overlap.
This is such a fantastic video, thank you so much! I would love to see you 'dive' deeper into marine geographic biodiversity; surely there's at least a few interesting discussions in terms of flora and fauna to be analysed based of this map. Keep up the great work, you're one of the best content creators i've seen :)
I thoroughly enjoyed watching this! Thank you so much for making it, and explaining everything so well!
So happy to have your videos back! Been checking your channel weekly to see when the new vid drops. Keep it up!
Awesome video man, learned so much. Would love to see a video about the great lakes in the future too, and how life is different in a freshwater 'sea'
This was incredibly educational, and I've actually had an oceanographic class during geology studies.
Glad to see you back after a long wait! Quality video on something I haven't even thought about (as usual lol).
"meow" as an acronym is amazing, it was definitely on purpose
Really great information & so well produced! Thanks so much!
great video as always! but devastating to see temperate australasia criminally skimmed over, it's a pretty unique and interesting system that's only just starting to be appreciated, super interesting to learn about :)
Glad to see you back was almost worried about if you were gone I really do love your videos and how similar we think and I as well have curiosity in the oceans and seas
You are the sole reason I discovered the awesomeness of biogeography, Man, love you for that!
Great to start the day with an atlaspro video! I love your videos; one of my favorite is the lost continents; was wondering your take on geography of earth but with way less water; similar to the video you made of earth but with more water. Regardless love binging your vids.
Phenomenal content as always. Thank you Atlas Pro!
This is brilliant! You synthesized a lot of knowledge to reach this understanding.
Once again, you have made another thoroughly worthwhile video. I've never felt even slightly disappointed by any of them. Your choice of topics I think is the key. If it's interesting enough to attract and hold your attention, then it's bound to hold ours too.
These are topics I’ve always been interested in and have considered studying it! Thanks for making videos so that people can learn about this, now I can truly know what it is about because they don’t teach this in school
Had to pause as I'm rushing to get to work, but this is absolutely fascinating. I wish my marine bio and oceanography lectures were this well animated! Ty and keep up the excellent work! Can't wait to watch the rest later :)
Incredible. I love wildlife biology, ecology, the ocean, and geography. This is exactly what I wanted.
Great original research, I always enjoy this channel
Very informative and well done. Great video!
This channel is a gem. As someone who has a broad interest in natural sciences, it is great to have access to educational content that goes further than what I learned in high school. I decided to go with medicine for my career bc I want to have a job and money lol . I could minor in geography or something but I don't have time for that. After uni documentaries seem too dumbed down and dramatized, so I watch RUclips instead. The problem is that educational RUclips channels all tend to cover similar, small pieces of information (that do make a click worthy title) without going into the basic concepts, that you would learn in college/uni, that are important for actually understanding those small interesting tidbits. When you understand the basic mechanisms everything just makes sense. That's why this channel is so good.
Amazing video as always. As a 25 year old that has never seen the ocean but loves natural history, this hit all the right spots of being both directly in my area of interest but also being mostly new information
I am so so so damn happy to see this video in my notifications!!! I've truly missed you and your content!
This was awesome 👌 Thank you for teaching me with this wonderful video. I love learning about this odd biogeographical experience 🙏
Great video! Can't wait to see if you're going to make another about provinces and ecoregions. There is also a study about the pelagic marine biogeography from Spalding and others.
I love your marine biology videos so much! After languages and history, marine biology is definitely my next favorite topic.
The quality is beyond amazing, thank you very much for this !
Oh wow!!. What a treat this video was. Love the content! Absolutely subbed up
100% my favorite video of yours so far. Loved it
i love these videos thanks so much! happy new year!
I always knew I wanted to be a marine biologist (since I was like two) and this channel has been the coolest thing I’ve found in a long time. Thanks for being such a knowledgeable inspiration!! You rock
Thank you for making videos like the ones you do. I am an upcoming graduate in civil engineering and have always loved biology much more than engineering but couldn’t see it being feasible. Your videos are what keep my curiosity alive. Thank you from the bottom of my heart.
Interesting video I have never studied the biogeography of the ocens in that way, good job it was so great to preprare some classes.
In my personal opinion, all clasification sometimes are artificial (humans wants to clasify and order almost everything). In this context, there are some confusing areas and oceans doesn't work like terrestial ecosystems. Oceans are fluid ecosystem and as you explained in the video all oceans are connected.
On the other hand, Mediterranean basin should be include in a separate biogeography realm, it looks more similar like West Indo-Pacific area because there are more seagrass fields (endemic Poseidonia oceanica and Zostera noltii) than algae, probably the main reason is the marine soil (sediments) and an old connection in the past with the new Indic Ocean (old Tethys Sea). It could be a great idea for a new video about this topic Mediterranean Realm.
Wow. I was just thinking "I wonder when Atlas Pro will post again" and then this shows up in my feed. Happy new year to you.
Man is pioneering becoming an expert authority on a fascinating area of the known universe. Much gratitude and thanks for your efforts and for sharing them
That might be the best video you've ever made. Beautiful and informative.
This is super cool! Your videos are always excellent quality and make me more curious about our world.
Still seems weird to me that the tropics are nutrient poor while the temperate regions are nutrient rich. We (or at least, me) tend to view the tropics as being the places with the most life, so in my uneducated view I would have guessed that the tropics would be the most nutrient rich. Very cool to learn that I had it backwards!
In the video he explained that the lack of seasonality allows photosynthesizers to flourish all year round and they strip all the nutrients out.
I literally remember about this channel last night, it's cool to have a video just a couple hours after
Thanks for your job!
I really liked your videos in the past, given that I am a programmer, and I love maps and fantasy worlds, you make geography seem interesting to me on many levels
Wonderfully informative, masterfully portrayed!
You're just brilliant, informative and entertaining. I hope you stay in this and remain very successful so me and many more can enjoy you for years (as long as you actually like it)
It's very cool that you've made it to the point in your career where you can just assume your videos will be shown to high school/college students and be like, "Well, class is almost over kids! I better wrap up."
Finally another biogeography video, pls keep it up its fascinating
Fascinating and beautifully explained!
Incredible work as always! 😍
i was looking at your channel the other day and was think aww i wish the dude uploaded more and then i saw the treat today
This was so well done! Beautiful images and SO well organized - as always you put a lot of work into this and it shows.
I'd love to see you talk with and even collab with Leo from Natural World Facts - he's put up a great many videos discussing marine biological niches and ecosystems, including the ones based entirely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Putting your heads together could result in some Really Fascinating Thoughts!
Thank you for going the extra mile for your videos, and once again well done!!!
I absolutely love this channel!!
Omg I travelled for some weeks and when I come back there is two videos of my favorite yt channel waiting for me. THANKS😭❤️
loved the video.....appreciate your cause and effort
Bloody excellent. I'll definitely use your vids in my science classes. Cheers
this video is so good. i'm genuinely amazed
Thanks for this nice summary.
I love your content! It always brightens my day :)
The sea grass was a great insight thanks
THIS VIDEO IS GOLD. Very fascinating. 👏
Omg how did I miss this when it came out!? 😨 woohoo ready for this 🙌