Prepositions: 16 ways to use ‘by’ in English
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- Опубликовано: 10 фев 2019
- ‘By’ is such a small word, but it’s not simple! In this lesson, I’ll show you many different ways to use ‘by’ as a preposition. I will teach you through specific examples and situations so that it’s not just theoretical. For advanced English learners, I’ll also teach you prepositional phrases with ‘by’, such as ‘by appointment only’. Using these prepositional phrases is a great way to elevate your English to a more sophisticated level. Practice what you've learned with the quiz: www.engvid.com/prepositions-1...
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TRANSCRIPT
Hi, everyone. In this lesson we're looking at how to use the preposition "by". "By" is such a common word; we use it all the time, but because of that, it can be confusing. "Am I using the right preposition?" So, in this lesson I'm going to go over lots of examples of when you should use "by", give you the rules of grammar; and also towards the end of the lesson, teach you new uses of "by" that you might not know yet because they're advanced.
Okay, let's start with communication. Here's an example sentence: "You can enter the competition by text message, by post, by letter, or by email." These days it's not so common to enter a competition by post, but when I was younger watching children's television, that was often one of the main ways to enter the competition.
Okay, moving on to transport now. "P" stands for "preposition". This shows us that in this example of grammar, "by" is being used as a preposition. "She's coming to London by car, by plane, by taxi, or by train." When we're talking about transport, the mode of transport, how we go somewhere - we use "by" as the preposition.
Three: Error. "Error" means this is wrong; a mistake. "I'm sorry. I did it by mistake.", "I did it by accident. Oops. I did it by accident. I'm sorry." These are the only two examples you need to remember for error.
Next one is luck. "We met each other by chance." I didn't plan to meet you today. I'm walking down the street: "Oh, there you are!" In that situation, I met you by chance. This means same thing as "by coincidence". "We met each other by coincidence." Also similar to the meaning of "fate". This was meant to be, in a way. You walk down the... well, not... coincidence... when people talk about coincidence, they mean: "This is just random it... this happened", whereas if they talk about fate, it's like: "It was planned to be by the gods" or something like that.
Next use of "by" is for next to. And when we use "by" in these sentences, we mean: "This thing is positioned next to the other thing." Used as a preposition: "The cat is by the window." Here's the cat-"meow"-here's the window. The cat is by the window. Another example: "Your boots are by the stairs." Here are the stairs going up, here are your boots. "Your boots are by the stairs." And lastly, here: "My keys are by the door. My keys are by the door." More examples coming up.
Next we have using "by" when we want to say who did something. These example sentences, here, are all examples of the passive voice. That's a grammar term. If after I've explained this, you want to know more, pause the video and go and... go and check out Adam's lesson on this. Let's look at these sentences: "'Sunflowers' was painted by Van Gogh". "Sunflowers" is a painting. Van Gogh, the artist, painted it. We can take this sentence, and swap it, and say: "Van Gogh painted 'Sunflowers'." But in this sentence, which is the passive voice, the thing that comes first in the sentence is the obje-... Is the object. "Sunflowers", the painting comes first, rather than the artist. And the reason we do passive voice sentences is because this is more formal writing, or we might see it written in an essay or something like that.
Next example is: "I was invited by Mr. Smith." Mr... I'll change it around: "Mr. Smith invited me" would be the other way to say this. Next example: "My computer was repaired by the IT Department." I can change that one around and say: "The IT Department repaired my computer." So, in all of these sentences, to form the passive voice we use the preposition "by" in the example sentences.
Next let's look at using "by" as a preposition when we're talking about how to pay for something. We can say: "by cash, by credit card, by PayPal". "You can pay for your computer by cash or by credit card in this store."
Next... next we have how something is sold. Let's look at the examples. So, did you know that in England: "Eggs are sold by the dozen"? You get 12. A "dozen" means 12 eggs. "By the dozen". Fabric - material that's in our... makes our clothes and furniture, like sofas: "Fabric is sold by the metre." You go in the shop, and the fabric is all on those rolls, and they say: "How many metres do you want?" Fabric is sold by the metre. […]
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Your help please on this question related with the preposition By and its proximity use, it is equivalent to say. "I parked the car by the supermarket" and ”I parked the car at the supermarket”?, thanks in advance. 👍😊
Please make videos on uses of "To" . this video has been very helpful. I learnt a lot from this lesson. I am from India and learning english . thank you.
First of all, thanks Jade. Additionally, I suggest you to explore more general rules for the use of "by" for a future video. This because some of the uses are very similar to one another. Consider, for example, the use in payment and communication. Both of them hints towards the means used to achieve something. The same happens with "error" and "chance". That is, both of them refer to something unexpected.
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You should have written " You are the teacher I've ever had. Your accent is the most beautiful I've ever heard.
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Hi Jade, I'm Ella from Nigeria. A budding writer and spoken word poet. I have followed your lessons for quite a while, during which I have learnt so much and improved my pronunciation. You are an amazing teacher no doubt, but it's so hard for me to keep practicing the language as it's not my native language and there's no one to constantly speak with. I'd appreciate if you can suggest some methods I can use to keep practicing so I don't lose touch.
Also, do you organise webinars and live sessions? Is there an email address I can reach you on? Please, let me know. Once again, thanks for doing this for us. I look forward to your reply.
Good job 👍
Hi Jade, very good lesson. Would you please explain the usage of the phrase 'by the end of something...'
Good lesson
I appreciate your instructive and educational lecture, ma'am.
Acually one of the things i was wondering about brought me to this video. The thing is the following :
'He's now in preschool and growing taller by the inches.'
Could you by any chance tell me how i can take 'by the inches' in the exact correct way in that sentence ?
I appreciate it in advance. Take care.
Greetings from Alexandria Egypt
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Even tough I study american english I understood everything what you taught us.This is a great job friend.Well done!
please could u do videos to help us with toelf or ielts tests. greeting from Peru
Thanks
Very good lesson! You have a nice writing! ... Why sometimes can we find "by" at the end of a sentence?
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Good morning my sister
Abdel Baki Decor good morning
Mam ? Can We use by like This ? Is this correct ?
i came my Home By Walk ? Or
by should be used to only for vehicles ?
Hi, 1- thanks for the effort. And. 2- Who 's Rebeca you 've mentioned in this Video? Regards.
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Thank you teacher.I succeded to understand your lesson only by virtue of your high skills .I will never associate Jade with the world of belly dance.
Hi,I have question here.May I know for some examples you have to use past tense before "by".And for this sentence,why is the verb in past tense ". I wonder what she is attracted by"
Thanks in advance
😊
A vegetarian option is available on request? Instead of using by I used on. Could you please guide me?
Hello there! I've got a question. How is the word 'by' used with ing verbs?
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I looked everywhere, but there is a popular usage of "by" that is not mentioned in any dictionary. This video unfortunately did not metion it, either.
But the usage is very commonly seen. It is used everywhere. I mean... just find a random graph (plot) and there is a great chance that there is a "by" in the title.
A lot of graphs (plots) use "by" to mean the graph is a compostion of things stacked, or overlapping (I don't know how to discribe this -- is it "superpostioned") and each component corresponds to one thing after the "by"...
Among aothers, "by age" or "by age group" is the most frequent.
I give one example: "Reported Legal Abortions by Age Group Within the State of..." I'm sorry what a bad example but it is the first one I saw when I keep browsed down the google search result pages when I search "by age or by ages" -- and oh yes I originally wanted to find out whether I should use singular or plural form for this particular usage of the "by".
[Fine] Fine in French means "end". OK this is a bizzare passage. I understand if everyone pretends they do not see me or my writing.
I should do more googling... I think I can finally "come to"... now that's one of the unusual usage of the word "to"... I know it is the little words that are the most complicated.
Byeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.
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Just cannot believe that you are an English teacher who complaint non-native English speakers(Asians) accent in another videos!!!! Oh my god!
3:10 'miau' :-)
Hey Jade