Anyone using this as a primary source please note that the video has a number of errors. There is an error about the number of H+ ions pumped. It should be 4H+ from Complex I 4H+ from Complex III (through 2 semicycles that make up a full Q cycle) and 2H+ from Complex IV. Also by the way the Complex I does not at all transfer the 2 electrons to 2 Q in any way, Complex I has 1 binding site for 1 Q and transfers both electrons to 1 Q. And of course in Complex IV 2 electrons do NOT get transfered to 2 Oxygen molecules (the creator doesn’t seem to understand the difference between a molecule of O2 and 2 atoms of O), and of course besides that 4 electrons need to be transfered to an oxygen molecule so that it is reduced to 2 water molecules (the intermediate products wait in complex 2 until 2 more electrons arrive from another ETC cycle). There are 2 b subunits, not 1 as stated in the video.
A quantum machine! For what is powering the whole thing is really just 'Protons' for a Hydrogen ion is really just a free proton! Great video, there is another video from HarvardX that shows the same with some really detailed protein graphics 👍
Is it 2 H+ at Complex III and 4 H+ at Complex IV or other way around? I keep seeing 4 H+ at Complex III and 2 H+ at IV on other sources for some reason.
akumarisu The video has a number of errors. Good job for noticing that H+ transport error , you are correct it should be 4H+ from Complex I 4H+ from Complex III (through 2 semicycles that make up a full Q cycle) and 2H+ from Complex IV. Also by the way the Complex I does not at all transfer the 2 electrons to 2 Q in any way, Complex I has 1 binding site for 1 Q and transfers both electrons to 1 Q. And of course in Complex IV 2 electrons do NOT get transfered to 2 Oxygen molecules (the creator doesn’t seem to understand the difference between a molecule of O2 and 2 atoms of oxygen), and of course besides that 4 electrons need to be transfered to an oxygen molecule so that it is reduces to 2 water molecules (the intermediate products wait in complex 4 until 2 more elecron arrive from another ETC cycle). There are 2 b subunits, not 1 as stated in the video.
@@alexisraelyan9640 I have seen another videos and that explains why this one got me confused as well 😵 I guess it is just good for basic interactive purposes... But for more precise and detailed info we should just check books 📚
Sir, why does the motor rotate 120° when a proton binds to it? Why not 90° or 180°? What makes it so specific to do a 120°? And what will happen if the rotation isn't 120°? - A Botany student
That is a great question. For every one rotation (360 degrees), the ATP synthase generates three ATP molecules. Each rotation of 120 degrees leads to a different enzymatic reaction. In fact, the 120 degree rotation is subdivided into an 80 degree substep rotation called the ATP-waiting dwell and a 40 degree substep rotation called the catalytic dwell. I am not exactly sure what would happen if the rotation was not 120 degrees. However, that would most likely be caused by a mutation in the ATP synthase, which we probably would not see since organisms that rely on the ATP synthase for ATP would not survive long enough to reproduce. I hope that helps. Best, Dr. Miller
At 2:15 you said that 2 electrons bind to 2 oxygen MOLECULES but there is only 1 oxygen molecule shown. 2 oxygen molecule have 4 oxygen atom it should combine to 8 H + ions that is confusing
When the 2 oxygen atoms sharing electrons to complete valence shell as a molecule, pick up free electrons which breaks their bonds (they “divorce”). Then when hydrogen ions encounter an atom with extra electrons (hubba hubba) they grab it and share making the covalent bonds that hold water molecules together. So. 2 electrons and 2 hydrogen ions (protons ) for each oxygen ATOM
Very succinctly and clearly explained. Thank you. Not seen too many this well stated. (BTW, to improve the narration, "comprised" is not followed by "of." It would be, for example, "It comprises 10 C subunits." )
Proton is any atom (anion)with positive charge. Hydrogen is positively charged... So there is no contradiction. It is like saying all thumbs are fingers but not all fingers are thumbs...
That's what I was wondering... I think he didn't talk about it because it's quite insignificant here as it doesn't generate any protons. But I think it's still part of the enzymatic complex. The other difference is that it doesn't go up the intermediate space, I believe.
Another H+ is needed to bring the Phosphate. So a total of 4 H+ are needed for each ATP, and you make about 2.5 ATP per NADH. But I also read it's about 3 ATP per NADH
Caitlin Tygart Thanks for the clarification. I wrote my comment 6 months ego, and I had already forgotten a lot of the details about this process. So I rewatched the video as a refresher. It’s a fascinating process.
I have a question, have this "assembly machine" been phisically seen, like from a microscope, or its appearence is just theoric? Like if the scientists hypotize it should be built this way, but they never been able to materially see it?
That magic feeling when you can not understand ATPase after one semester of physiology, but finally get it after 5 min video :D Thanks
Oh my goodness, this is such a great video 😭 thank you so much for making it so simple
Almost cried...thx for making a good video
I thought it was soo tough to understand this processes before watching ur video .but now i am very clear about it
Anyone using this as a primary source please note that the video has a number of errors.
There is an error about the number of H+ ions pumped. It should be 4H+ from Complex I 4H+ from Complex III (through 2 semicycles that make up a full Q cycle) and 2H+ from Complex IV.
Also by the way the Complex I does not at all transfer the 2 electrons to 2 Q in any way, Complex I has 1 binding site for 1 Q and transfers both electrons to 1 Q.
And of course in Complex IV 2 electrons do NOT get transfered to 2 Oxygen molecules (the creator doesn’t seem to understand the difference between a molecule of O2 and 2 atoms of O), and of course besides that 4 electrons need to be transfered to an oxygen molecule so that it is reduced to 2 water molecules (the intermediate products wait in complex 2 until 2 more electrons arrive from another ETC cycle).
There are 2 b subunits, not 1 as stated in the video.
A quantum machine! For what is powering the whole thing is really just 'Protons' for a Hydrogen ion is really just a free proton! Great video, there is another video from HarvardX that shows the same with some really detailed protein graphics 👍
Your presentation is amazing sir I can understand very easily
Best ever animation that is more than enough for this topic for depth knowledge!
Amazing to see this amazing machinery is present in some of the most douche people on Earth!
Is it 2 H+ at Complex III and 4 H+ at Complex IV or other way around? I keep seeing 4 H+ at Complex III and 2 H+ at IV on other sources for some reason.
ys i have the same confusion
Me as well..
akumarisu The video has a number of errors. Good job for noticing that H+ transport error , you are correct it should be 4H+ from Complex I 4H+ from Complex III (through 2 semicycles that make up a full Q cycle) and 2H+ from Complex IV.
Also by the way the Complex I does not at all transfer the 2 electrons to 2 Q in any way, Complex I has 1 binding site for 1 Q and transfers both electrons to 1 Q.
And of course in Complex IV 2 electrons do NOT get transfered to 2 Oxygen molecules (the creator doesn’t seem to understand the difference between a molecule of O2 and 2 atoms of oxygen), and of course besides that 4 electrons need to be transfered to an oxygen molecule so that it is reduces to 2 water molecules (the intermediate products wait in complex 4 until 2 more elecron arrive from another ETC cycle).
There are 2 b subunits, not 1 as stated in the video.
@@alexisraelyan9640 I have seen another videos and that explains why this one got me confused as well 😵 I guess it is just good for basic interactive purposes... But for more precise and detailed info we should just check books 📚
Another of God's beautiful designs. Thanks.
Just the right video that I needed to watch!!!
Best video on this topic
thankyou sir this was by far the best presentation i came through (a msc student who has an exam tommorow
)
Thanks I understand properly now
3 free phosphates disliked this video. Thanks for making a good video.
So at the bottom of all science is a God after all? I mean how could this amazing biochemical engineering come to be?
Thanks sir best animation. Very helpful video
Best explanation ever!
Sir, why does the motor rotate 120° when a proton binds to it? Why not 90° or 180°? What makes it so specific to do a 120°? And what will happen if the rotation isn't 120°?
- A Botany student
That is a great question. For every one rotation (360 degrees), the ATP synthase generates three ATP molecules. Each rotation of 120 degrees leads to a different enzymatic reaction. In fact, the 120 degree rotation is subdivided into an 80 degree substep rotation called the ATP-waiting dwell and a 40 degree substep rotation called the catalytic dwell. I am not exactly sure what would happen if the rotation was not 120 degrees. However, that would most likely be caused by a mutation in the ATP synthase, which we probably would not see since organisms that rely on the ATP synthase for ATP would not survive long enough to reproduce. I hope that helps. Best, Dr. Miller
At 2:15 you said that 2 electrons bind to 2 oxygen MOLECULES but there is only 1 oxygen molecule shown. 2 oxygen molecule have 4 oxygen atom it should combine to 8 H + ions that is confusing
When the 2 oxygen atoms sharing electrons to complete valence shell as a molecule, pick up free electrons which breaks their bonds (they “divorce”). Then when hydrogen ions encounter an atom with extra electrons (hubba hubba) they grab it and share making the covalent bonds that hold water molecules together. So. 2 electrons and 2 hydrogen ions (protons ) for each oxygen ATOM
@@ScienceFan1859 yeah, but he's right. The narrator said MOLECULES when he should have said ATOMS.
Wow this is incredible!
Very succinctly and clearly explained. Thank you. Not seen too many this well stated. (BTW, to improve the narration, "comprised" is not followed by "of." It would be, for example, "It comprises 10 C subunits." )
Don't criticize over language and grammatical errors just go through thoughts and talent.
@@pritamshaw7314 I am not an English native speaker so I do appreciate any kind of grammar corrections. Don't be too harsh 👍
@@wingit7335 over spelling? that is so dumb.
Every nice explanation..thank u.
Thank you very much
Why have I heard from several other videos that ATP synthase is powered by proton flow but this video says hydrogen is used?
It says an Hydrogen ion
Proton is any atom (anion)with positive charge. Hydrogen is positively charged... So there is no contradiction. It is like saying all thumbs are fingers but not all fingers are thumbs...
@@theoneitself cation
Thank you very much sir
Sir,please make video on biochemistry"s topics like oxidative phosphorylation,electron chain transport chain etch.
what happened to complex 2?
That's what I was wondering... I think he didn't talk about it because it's quite insignificant here as it doesn't generate any protons. But I think it's still part of the enzymatic complex. The other difference is that it doesn't go up the intermediate space, I believe.
because complex 2 interacts with FADH2 and the video talks about NADH
Wow its awesome sir
If the mitochondria was once a free cell colonized by the more complex cell, was the matrix once a free cell colonized by the mitochondria?
Where does the nadh come from
awesome
Please a question. This machinery is the same in all species? Thank you.
Very similar, from bacteria to plants and animals. But of course only eukaryotes have mitochondria, so there are differences.
For animals. Plant do have their own kind of mythocondria but the process is a bit different (kinda Inverted)
Thanks a lot sir ,it helped me a lot
Wonderful thank you so much
Why do mitochondria make water?
Where do the hydrogen ions come from
But one complete rotation produces 3 atp...according to ur explanation it shows only one... How???
Rockss Roll rewatch the arrow on the axel. It produces 3 per rotation.
How many ATP molecules formed in this process. Because total 10 H+ ions are transferred and 3H+ formed 1 ATP molecules.......
Another H+ is needed to bring the Phosphate. So a total of 4 H+ are needed for each ATP, and you make about 2.5 ATP per NADH.
But I also read it's about 3 ATP per NADH
@@paftaf It's 2,5 ATP per NADH, the "3 ATP" comes from older studies as these are fairly recent discoveries in the grand scheme of things :).
Caitlin Tygart
Thanks for the clarification.
I wrote my comment 6 months ego, and I had already forgotten a lot of the details about this process.
So I rewatched the video as a refresher. It’s a fascinating process.
It sounded like a straight 3 for 1 trade to me. Idk. I'm a novice.
@@caitygart 2.66 repeating
Great. Thank you.
I have a question, have this "assembly machine" been phisically seen, like from a microscope, or its appearence is just theoric? Like if the scientists hypotize it should be built this way, but they never been able to materially see it?
I am a beginner learning that hydrogen is the first valuable element in the Periodic Table.
This video highlights the importance of playing with Lego or Playmobil as a child if you want to be a scientist.
Thanks alot ..
Atoms: I just want to be stable
Biology: Gooood, Gooooooood
Dame money
What?