How Do Pilots Steer Passenger Jets When On The Ground?
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- Опубликовано: 19 май 2024
- In the absence of a tug, have you ever wondered how pilots navigate their aircraft while on the ground at an airport?
While the aircraft’s rudder, slats, and flaps will alter an aircraft’s direction in the air, these won’t be very effective when moving at a speed of 20 miles per hour.
Let’s find out how aircraft are steered when they’re not in the air.
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Never heard of the tiller...good to know it
Rlly?
I didn't know. I just assumed they used the "steering wheel" while taxiing.
It's a Sidestick or Yoke my friend
@@outaouaishockey he was joking (i hope)
He used quotations
Never say that again, it hurts as an avgeek
Apparently, some "Airplane" do steer with the "steering wheel". I still can visualise Leslie Nielsen doing it. 😂
Didn't know about the tiller...thanks
Your video is very informative, the tiller is rarely talked about. I thought you were going to leave it at that but you did point out that the tiller is only found on large commercial aircrafts.
As a pilot of a small private plane (single engine on the nose) I use the rudder pedals and thrust to taxi. And of course, a handbrake as well (used also when to slow down at the end of my landing roll). Some small private aircrafts have the braking system in the "upper part" of the rudder pedals, like the Tecnam 92 airplane series.
Never gave the twin engine aircrafts a thought, but hearing about differential throttling makes sense, when you hear the sound they make when they taxi about on the tarmac.
Thanks again and keep up the great videos.
Always good and specific information! Love it!
I was always curious about how the pilots steer the aircraft on the ground. Thanks for educating on that matter in a simple and informative way as always.
For jet planes, at speeds below (usually 80kts), the tiller is used. About 80kts during take off, the rudder pedals actually controls the nosewheel steering to a very small amount, plus the rudder is starting to have aerodynamic effect. If you happen to watch any video showing a view of the cockpit during take off, you may be able to hear the non flying pilot call out 80kts, to signify that the tiller should no longer be used.
@@carpe1959 Pull back on control column to initiate rotation. This moves the elevators upwards, airflow on the upwards pointing elevators push the tail down, thus rotating.
That is not how it works. 80 is a call we for the purpose of rejecting take off on serious meaning engine failure, fire etc and less serious malfunctions such as unusual noise or vibration, tire failure, master caution etc.. not to be confused with V1.
Only time the tiller is used other then taxi speed max 30 knots is for a rolling take off while lining up. Once the engines are stable at 40% and you are aligned TOGA button is pressed and control inputs are used.
787 pilot
this rly helped me i thought they used the rudder to turn even though it wouldn’t move when they turn
Good info about the tiller
thank you the informative video!!
Bryson was the only Tiller that I heard of
Great video as always. Informative, Short and to the point 👌👌👌
Thanks for the feedback! - TB
I never heard of it i tought it was the rudder padels that steered and they locked in when in flight
Rudders are actually used as brakes for main landing gear on ground which helps in slight left or right movement on ground by braking one landing gear while other is moving and in the air rudder are used to control the vertical stabizer
You are sort of correct here. The rudder pedals can move the nose wheel steering, though considerably less than the tiller.
On the A320 using the rudder pedals gives up to six degrees of steering below 40 knots ground speed. This is automatically reduced from 40 knots and effectively turned off at 130 knots. At higher speeds, most of the steering will be due to the rudder anyway.
Whilst the tiller can provide seventy-five degrees of steering below 20 knots and is locked out above 70 knots.
Very informative, thanks.
thanks for educating me i've been searching for this answer for about a year now
I saw it used in a C-5 several times. Pretty cool!
You know, I never knew that and this was so informative! Thank you for the great video.
Thanks for the feedback! - TB
Also, using the rudder pedals while taxiing gives 3-5 degrees of steer as well
That is actually cool! I never knew that!
That was interesting, thanks and no I didn’t know about the tiller xx
No I have not known about tiller before this video ❤️... Awesome video ❤️
Thank you!!
“Am I a yoke to you?”
Lmao
We have differential braking on large trucks. It is part of the traction control to adjust for wheel slippage. I learned something new when I saw it is on planes.
Very interesting, I was unaware of that
Thank you... didn't know that.
Magic
At what speed do flight control surfaces become effective? I'm sure it's different depending on the plane but was looking for a general answer.
nice and useful
Very Carefully!!
Whats the technical term for the " tiller ". I saw one in the DC 10 years ago.
Also if I'm correct the B747 has body gear steering where the body gear turns in the opposite direction when the front wheel is turned. This only happens in very low speeds
The tiller is not always installed on both sides, some airlines only allow taxi by the captain.
Yes, because that was the norm in past. now, it depends on airlines. For example, most 737's have tillers only on captain's side, but not all and can be requested by the airline. However, all Airbus' planes have tillers on both sides
Ohhhhhhh ok! Cause i watch pilot videos and from the center angle i never see a hand move when the aircraft turns! Thanks for the info
I'd heard of the tiller, I just didn't know what it was for. Now I do. I'm guessing pilots use the tiller when they're taxiing out to the runway, too.
Been somewhat of an AV enthusiast since my early teens when my family moved to within a mile of LGW, used to spend many hours up on the observation deck which is sadly no longer accessible by the public.
I always assumed the nose wheel was controlled (steered) by the yoke or joystick !
I used to go on that observation deck when I was a kid, we used to stop there coming from Brighton to Victoria!
I took my own kids up there 3 years ago & found out then it'd gone.
@@mrgothicman
I was last up there early 2000s, pre 911, i too took my son up there. The view was very obstructed by then by new buildings, nowhere near as good as when i was a kid.
As a kid i got in with a few regulars up there & we used to play pontoon for pennies in the cafe area. Also bought my first airband radio from the shop which is funny as it’s illegal to listen to airband !
After visiting the obs deck my son & i drove down past the then cargo area & parked up no more than 200 yards from the live taxiway down by 08R & watched departures for over an hour before getting told off 😂
@@WhiskeyGulf71 would've been about the same sort of time for me, my favourite part honestly was the comet cockpit that was up there! Half the time we never made it to Victoria because we wasted so much time up there!
I remember feeling lost & asking someone where the observation deck was & he looked at me like I was insane.
Haha its crazy that's exactly where we stood, we got about 20 minutes before some attendant kindly asked me to move along!
If I am not wrong the tiller has a limit under a specific speed it works
New one for me...like one other Commenter in here I thought it was the pedals under feet of the Pilots that did the steering without the Tug. Great info.
I'd love to know more information about planes.
(1) can a captain legally wed a couple on board a jet.
(2) when were Tugs first used to manoeuvre planes and how did they get their name.
(3) why do ATC and Pilots refer to Passengers on board their plane as Souls.
If anyone else has anymore to add to the list. Feel free.
On the first point, I seem to remember that my flight instructor did it for a couple in a Cessna 172 once. On the third one, I believe souls are used, as it wouldn't include a dead body being carried onboard in the figure. I'll pass them all on to our content team. - TB
Do military bombers like the B2 and B52 use the same setup?
So what is the ratio per turn on the tiller
The question I have is how do they know where to steer and stop, specifically following the painted lines on the ground and gate markings. The pilot can really only look forward not down. I guess it might be downward pointing cameras?
The B777-300 which is longer than the B747 has cameras pointed at both main gears and the nose gear for pilots to see the gears during ground maneuvering. For most others it is a matter of pilots knowing where his eye view is relative to the location of the nose gear. It's similar to when we want to park as near a kerb as possible. We can't see the wheels but we have a good idea where they are from our viewpoints.
how is it stay straight when touched the runway while landing?
Yes I know about the tiller .
Weird, I always thought they used the rudder pedals for the wheel gear as well!
That's over 80kts
What I'd like to know is how commercial airline pilots navigate on the ground. For instance, how they keep from hitting the grass during a turn. Is there a visual cue for starting a turn to keep on the center line?
Most places the aircraft moves on the ground there will be taxi lines available. Keeping the nose wheel on or near the centerline will provide clearance from signs, grass or other wingtips unless noted otherwise on a 10-9 chart or equivalent.
Additionally in the flight manual there are depictions of the aircraft turn radius with wingtip clearance and nose and main wheel travel arcs from an overhead view. These depictions help pilots understand taxi geometry.
Each individual pilot, from experience, knows that he should initiate a turn when the taxiway he wants to turn into lines up with a certain point on his side window.
I never knew about the tiller
i knew about it
Knew about the tiller, but I am still puzzled as to how the pilot can accurately follow a taxiway line given his/her position in the cockpit - difficult to see how you are tracking. Any ideas?
You park the plane in the yellow line and then whilst sitting in the seat use a reference point where the yellow line meets the instruments. I think a common one is the yellow line appears to go between the PFD and the ND
there are cameras. And, I used to think that aircrafts are steered by side stick/yokes while taxiing as well xD
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And how do you steer during takeoff before the airflow around the ruder becomes strong enough for steering?
Correct
Is there a safety feature built into the aircraft that prevents the tiller from engaging the front wheels upon the aircraft reaching a certain speed?
Yes. The tiller disengages from the steering after a certain speed. Usually 80kts, then the rudder pedals can still control the nose wheels but only to a very small amount. By then the rudders are already effective.
@@davidl5546 OK, thanks for the info. So I that menas when a plane first lands the pilot uses the rudder to keep the plane straight.
@@msbrownbeast that's correct. Do be aware that till the nose wheels contact the ground and the nose strut compresses by a certain minimum amount, tiller steering is not possible.
I knew about the tiller 😋
Make a video on how to become an Aircraft Manufacturer.
I knew about the tiller
Slats and flaps do NOT alter a planes direction. You must be thinking Aeilrons and elevators......
I know of tiller and it can comes with nosewheel disconnect. 737 only has tiller on the captain's side.
Boeing offers having a tiller on the first officer's side as well as an option. Since the normal procedure is for the captain to taxi no airline is likely to request it.
The A320 comes as standard with tillers on both sides, with that on the first officer's side typically getting little or no use.
6
What a nice perfect British pronounce 🙂
Like Carson used to said "I did not know that"
interesting
Yup
As a student pilot we used the petals to steer the Cessna’s back in the seventies
Ah yes, 777 views
I knew they used tht thing on the left and right of the cockpit to steer but disnt knew its name until now :) the tiller
There is the tiller but is it possible to steer the plane using the rudder???
Yes. On ground, at all speeds rudder pedals to wheel steering is available but only to very small amounts. Not enough for large turns during taxiing but enough to just keep the plane on a straight path center line when it starts to veer away.
@@davidl5546 ok. thanks!
On the C-130 it's a small steering wheel that's round in shape.
it's more about the aileron to roll in order to alter the direction in the air rather flaps and slats😅
I had always thought it was caused by differential braking as per a tracked vehicle
Large heavy planes don't take kindly to differential braking, although it is possible. It causes bad scrubbing of main gear tyres. Usually, if really necessary to turn tightly, like doing a 180 after a back track, pilots use differential Engine Power to assist the turn.
On the B747 there's also body gear steering.
On the B777 the rear axel of the main landing gear steers. Unsure if this is also the case with the A350-1000.
Its not only the stick it is the pedals in big planes to like airliners
I knew of it but didn't know it was called a tiller.
Now I know
i have heard of the tiller
Hydraulic or power steering ?
Full 3000psi hydraulic. In the B777 and B747 the main gears also steer a tiny amount during turns to avoid wheel scrubbing.
@@davidl5546 also the main gear reduces the the turn radius on the 747
Crisp
How do pilots keep the plane in a straight line going down the runway at 180 knots (mph)
probably ILS. if not, they're guiding themselves to the runway
Rudder pedals, most commercial aircraft also have a connection between the pedals and the nose wheel, but it provides much less nose wheel steering than the tiller, and becomes even more restricted as the groundspeed increases as the rudder becomes effective.
Do they lock the front wheels then.
@@alexanderhall4281 front wheels are Mechanically locked at the gear itself when the strut fully extends when the nose wheels lift off the ground. A cam Inside the strut forces the front wheels to point straight ahead. This is important for gear retraction.
Incidentally, if you know about the JetBlue incident, it is very likely due to the cam shearing off.
@@zedriclouis87 😂 no they use the rudder ils isn't for when your on the runway.
Actually I was familiar with the tiller. Not a surprise considering I’m an avgeek
Yep, I'm a plane buff tho!
I know a tiller through flight simulator games
Until now I thought they used the same thing they use to turn in the air
10ish
1st for the first time lol
2nd
I thought they used the rudder
I only know turning the plane on ground with rudder.
I thought they use some set of pedals to turn lmao
What's up with the weird music?
yes I did no that
no thats why I watched the video
FIRST LIKE
Bruh i use rudders to travel on ground in flight sims
The rudder pedals can be used too but less accurate and more work
This is due to the fact no sim has any connection to the tiller
Yea, I knew about the tiller. But I feel like you’re less interested in knowing if I knew about the tiller, and more interested in using my comment as a pawn in your effort to stimulate the RUclips algorithm. 🧐 🤔 I accept. 😉
Yeah, right on man!😕
No
I've heard of a tiller.................................he was the Hun......😏
Hmmm..I wonder which airplane had him?
FIRST VIEWER!
Nope!
i refuse to accept that you don't turn an A320 with the pedals.
You dont
You can but you have much less steering. 6 degrees from the rudder pedals compared to 75 degrees from the tiller. Both become less as groundspeed increases
100th like
b
First comment lol ...
nope
@@FuneralCare i know ..... ✌😐
Fifth