How a Jet Airliner Works

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  • Опубликовано: 20 ноя 2024

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  • @animagraffs
    @animagraffs  2 года назад +1464

    VIDEO CORRECTIONS (compiled from viewer comments):
    From "Anthony Johnson"
    9:50 ... The nose gear axle is not equipped with brakes. Some aircraft have rub strips that touch the nose tires when the gear retracts but not actual brake assemblies.
    Noticed by viewer "P. B. Foote"
    12:24 Left and right wing tank labels were accidentally switched.

    • @robbiejames1540
      @robbiejames1540 2 года назад +111

      One more tiny thing I noticed - at about 22:40, the ram air turbine was spinning the wrong way for if the air was turning it. Overall, this is an AMAZING video though, incredibly detailed and informative :)

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +312

      @@robbiejames1540 It also stops spinning when I'd have preferred that it kept going. Sometimes in the middle of a 7+ day render job with 37k frames, I gotta let some things go or I'll never regain my sanity! But that's why we have the good ol' video corrections thread here. Because accuracy matters.

    • @Jgnth96
      @Jgnth96 2 года назад +10

      Finally upload how aircraft works,thank you

    • @mwhawley
      @mwhawley 2 года назад +23

      @@76mmGMC the only thing that flaps are designed for is to lower the stall speed of the aircraft. Everything else they happen to effect in other scenarios is simply a byproduct of their intend purpose.

    • @StratMatt777
      @StratMatt777 2 года назад +40

      @@76mmGMC He said "[flaps] allow for a steeper climb angle... for takeoff and while climbing to cruise altitude."
      #1 He is correct that flaps DO make a steeper climb angle possible on takeoff. The flaps increase the camber of the wing, effectively turning it from a high speed low-lift wing to a low(er) speed high-lift wing which does, in fact, make a steeper climb-out possible during the initial 1,000'+ climb after takeoff when you want to clear obstructions at a steep angle (Vx), until they are retracted in order to clean up the drag and transform the wing into a clean low-lift high-speed wing and a best rate (not angle/Vx) of climb speed is established.
      So he was only half wrong/inaccurate.
      With that said, I LOVE THIS VIDEO. I just love it. It's fantastic. Also, the maker does an EXCELLENT job of being a "jack of all trades" who has to research and process and implement new information he learns about vehicles that he previously may have had basic or minimal knowledge of.
      #2 Ailerons ALWAYS operate in opposition to each other [EDIT: I have been corrected that this is apparently not true on some fly-by-wire airplanes].
      Also, the outboard wing spoilers also help to roll the aircraft (in fact, on many Boeings) the ailerons only function at low speeds when the flaps are extended, and are locked out at higher speeds, leaving only the spoilers to roll the airplane (their drag happens to cause a yawing motion which actually helps the airplane turn, reducing the need for rudder)... Clarification: On widebody Boeings like the 767, 777, 747, when the outboard ailerons are locked out at high speed the inboard ailerons that they are equipped with do operate (all the the time).
      #3 Something that nobody here knows unless they have designed or assembled airliners/jets is that the center wing section is simply a continuation of the left and right structural wing boxes. There is a join where the wings attach, and the center section is thicker so that it is strong enough to take the flight loads from the wings, but it is very similar with all the same spars and other structural components continuing through it.
      Also the wing-to-body fairing does not strengthen the structure in any way, it is just a lightweight, thin composite fairing that smooths out the airflow around the wing root.
      If you want to see a really interesting wing root look on the Airbus A350 and look at the back of it where the flaps stow. It is unique.
      I LOVE THIS VIDEO!!!
      You did a fantastic job. Very impressive graphics!
      Everything you make is super interesting. Thanks!

  • @gabedarrett1301
    @gabedarrett1301 2 года назад +4986

    As someone who also uses CAD software, I can't imagine how long it took to reference blueprints, design each part, render, and animate! Your work does not go unnoticed!

    • @jonthomasinfo
      @jonthomasinfo 2 года назад +42

      RIGHT....!

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +1014

      The search is always intense. Sometimes we'll spend days looking for a part, and find it hidden in some obscure PDF or image search. And when we find it, oh man it feels like such a relief. With 3D, the thing has to actually work as it would in real life. You can't guess, or parts won't match up when they animate. I know because I used to make 2D drawings of things and it was possible to "fudge" a little. 3D video is the most exacting medium.

    • @mwhawley
      @mwhawley 2 года назад +136

      @@animagraffs I just wanted to join in on the celebrations of your incredible intention to detail with every video you release; although this video in particular is an actual triumph in and of itself: just notice how little “corrections” you got in the comments. The aviation community has a tendency to get very persnickety when it comes to design purpose accuracy.
      That being said, I think I speak for us all when I ask if you’d ever consider releasing some behind screens footage of your process with regards to animation and and rendering: because your animations are so stunning and so precise/accurate, that it would be a shame to not see how you work.
      Just an idea!

    • @aksharma4393
      @aksharma4393 2 года назад +9

      @@animagraffs Bro Which software do you use ?

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +118

      Glad to have you here on the channel, Mikey :) I was thinking, maybe when we cross the 1mil subs milestone, then we've earned enough "cred" to lean into some of that "behind the scenes" stuff. There's lot of nerdy goodness that goes on! I'd love to show off the complex rigs I build, for example, to run the landing gear. Anyways, yes, I do believe we'll produce some insider content in the future!

  • @HaroldDickert
    @HaroldDickert 2 года назад +1613

    I'm a retired airline captain with 40 years of aviation behind me. In all that time and the multiple ground schools for each aircraft flown, I have never seen such a well made aircraft overview. The fact that the script used such a high level of exact aviation and aircraft systems terminology, in such a logical presentation and animations; shows a level of understanding equal to anything I've ever seen in aviation training. Too bad all the various ground schools I've sat through didn't start with a video like this.
    Well Done!

    • @bliglum
      @bliglum 2 года назад +8

      Progress baby! I'll bet new recruits can get an easy look at this :)

    • @rajkumarponnuthurai9696
      @rajkumarponnuthurai9696 2 года назад +10

      Dear capt, thanks for your compliments to the creator of this amazing video. Truly nowadays its pretty available.
      But this content is special, very brief, systematic and as you said includes very appropriate aviation terminologies!
      This will help revise basics even for an interview.
      Cheers to the creator.
      Thanks for you comments capt.

    • @charlenemariecoraninmemory5130
      @charlenemariecoraninmemory5130 2 года назад +2

      so what ain't gonna matter when your dropping like a stone from an inner tube lol

    • @RamilSanchez
      @RamilSanchez Год назад +1

      Keep up the creator of this very informative video.

    • @arjumandvillagelife
      @arjumandvillagelife Год назад +1

      True, its great video❤🥰

  • @adityaraj2373
    @adityaraj2373 Год назад +217

    RUclips should be thankful for this guy . Best use of RUclips for providing scientific knowledge for free .

    • @aceman9030
      @aceman9030 5 месяцев назад

      this is called filler content, not knowledge that you can use.

    • @Adrenaline_chaser
      @Adrenaline_chaser 5 месяцев назад +10

      ​@@aceman9030 learning for the sake of learning is the ultimate bliss of life. If we confine our knowledge only to informations that are "useful", then life becomes somewhat meaningless. It's so fascinating to know even a little about the many technologies that literally allows our current society to function...😮😲

    • @louieestabillo8757
      @louieestabillo8757 5 месяцев назад

      @@aceman9030 parot mo man inta majinon mafi malum

    • @halfsourlizard9319
      @halfsourlizard9319 2 месяца назад

      @@Adrenaline_chaser Seems like one of those dipshits who thinks that number theory isn't 'useful' ... but is too ignorant to know that it powers all of cryptography / online commerce.

  • @so.lo.1988
    @so.lo.1988 2 года назад +697

    As an Airbus pilot I must say this is an amazing summary video explaining the main aircraft systems and the general interconnections between them. I wish I had had it as an introduction during my training instead of a full description of every system and no big picture to visually support it. Congrats!

    • @autom7134
      @autom7134 2 года назад +18

      Absolutely agree. I really appreciate being able to have that total view of ""the forest" in the back of my mind before diving into the details of each tree.

    • @gcorriveau6864
      @gcorriveau6864 2 года назад +16

      Agreed! It is a Most Excellent introductory level description of a 'generic,' modern day airliner, isn't it? Several years ago I wrote an introductory level book called The Jet Transport Training Manual and I would have loved to have something like this available to illustrate my various chapters. My little 1984 Mac would have seriously choked on this level of graphics and illustration details! ;-) ... It got some interest from a publisher but they wanted me to split it into two books - but that kind of negated my purpose - to help pilots transition from general aviation level aircraft to airliners. I lost interest and the first draft still sits on my shelf.

    • @Xiaoxiaoxiaomao
      @Xiaoxiaoxiaomao 2 года назад +2

      Hey pilot 👨‍✈️ when can we fly in your plane 😆

    • @isaackwakuessien9540
      @isaackwakuessien9540 2 года назад +2

      I will be starting my pilot course this September at Epic, this video is great, I love it.

    • @DenisUspeshny
      @DenisUspeshny Год назад +1

      so you basically just confirmed that pilots have no idea what they are doing and simply push buttons and look cool

  • @EC-oe9bv
    @EC-oe9bv 2 года назад +468

    Current US airline Captain and CFI here. This is easily the best aircraft systems video on RUclips. I've sat through 2 FAA type-rating courses (E145 and E175), and genuinely, someone who saw this video would be comfortable sitting through those classes. If they could get relevant limitations memorized, they could probably pass an oral for an A220 type rating. The detail and accuracy is incredible (YOU EVEN WENT THROUGH WHAT EACH HYDRAULIC SYSTEM DOES!!) and I will be sharing this with my future flight students. A truly wonderful job.

    • @anasmaaz5731
      @anasmaaz5731 2 года назад +5

      The video is great for anyone who wants to get an insight into aviation. But it is not for a professional pilot who wants to learn something substantial. And there are many inaccuracies in the video.

    • @EC-oe9bv
      @EC-oe9bv 2 года назад +18

      @@anasmaaz5731 I disagree, I think this a great video for a professional pilot transitioning into a transport category aircraft. I can't page through the A220 manual to fact check everything, but I wasn't able to find many inaccuracies at all based on knowledge of other similar aircraft.

    • @Primus54
      @Primus54 2 года назад +8

      @@anasmaaz5731 I suspect the inaccuracies you noticed are based upon the dozens of aircraft types and ages and differences between manufacturers. The creator is offering basic and generic information and has acknowledged any inaccuracies that have been brought to his attention.

    • @Primus54
      @Primus54 2 года назад +2

      The A220 is my new favorite narrow body transport plane in terms of beauty. It replaces my favorite… the venerable B757 that is rapidly being retired from PAX service.

    • @aerialbugsmasher
      @aerialbugsmasher 2 года назад

      You should know better if you actually have those qualifications. This is about as much detail your average layman can handle, and extremely far away from being suitable for 121 training environments.

  • @mohshinaziz5983
    @mohshinaziz5983 2 года назад +373

    I've been involved in the aviation industry for the last 17 years and I can genuinely say I know quite a bit about it.. Your 25-minute video will put a newcomer to the industry by at least ten years... It is the most impressive compact, educational illustration I have ever seen in my life.

    • @AldenDoble
      @AldenDoble 2 года назад +8

      Wow, beautifully said!

    • @prelude12341
      @prelude12341 2 года назад +2

      More training than what most new hires get.

    • @wordmusic_ke
      @wordmusic_ke 2 года назад

      Wow

    • @bigchungus1848
      @bigchungus1848 2 года назад

      This video helped me a lot. I’m trying to become an A and P.

  • @thebritishindian1
    @thebritishindian1 Год назад +273

    This is simply one of the best videos I have ever seen in my life.
    If schools taught engineering and any other discipline with videos like this, kids would be bursting down the doors to learn more. I’m 44, but if I had seen this video as a 6 or 7 year old kid, it would fire me up to get a job in aerospace.
    I showed this video to my Dad who worked at Rolls-Royce all his life as an engineer on military engines. He was totally blown away by this video, that just shows how amazing this video is.
    Thanks so much, all the best to you and your channel.

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  Год назад +43

      Awesome comment, only gives me more fuel to keep making high quality work :D

    • @avreve
      @avreve 11 месяцев назад +3

      @@animagraffs could you make a video describing an f-22 raptor like this? if you did in the past, that would be embarrassing

    • @sleekism
      @sleekism 10 месяцев назад +3

      The kids who get into engineering today see videos like these and get interested, the other kids are busy doing other things. It's really not strange that only a subset of people get into these fields and I think that's fine honestly

  • @bertchiu9265
    @bertchiu9265 2 года назад +789

    Absolutely BRILLIANT work!! Being an airliner enthusiast all my life I have seen my share of traditional 2D cutaway drawings in trade magazines … but NOTHING ever close to THIS masterpiece!!! You have set the bar SO high with this … the only place to go from here is horizontal! Seriously thank you for your AMAZING effort … all your ensuing accolades coming are well-deserved … simply MAGNIFICENT!!! 🤩🤩

    • @jodyin795
      @jodyin795 2 года назад +37

      What a nice comment!

    • @n1msu
      @n1msu 2 года назад +22

      Exactly! Even if the creator didn't narrate and explain the different flight control systems, it would have still been a novel video, nothing on the internet in the public domain matches this. The viewer numbers speak for themselves, there's so many more videos you could make in this genre. Even mini sub videos specialising in how the landing gear works in greater depth etc etc will get you so many easy views! Thanks again!

    • @AmritenduRana31082000
      @AmritenduRana31082000 2 года назад

      @@angevivniftcharlo lol programmer works far more .i call bullshit.ui ux designers and designers in general are equally if not more capable than programmers.Comparison in the first place is stupidity.You r the type of people who'd rather torrent and pirate a paid software than purchase a license even if you can afford to buy one.Pathetic snobs.

    • @Joel796.
      @Joel796. Год назад +6

      What a incredible comment...

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  Год назад +43

      I love your enthusiasm Bert! So glad you're here with us to enjoy the art my brother and I make.

  • @yannickgeudens5192
    @yannickgeudens5192 2 года назад +529

    This is a true masterpiece. As an aerospace engineering student, I can't believe how many small details you added to the video. Great work love what you're doing!

    • @homomorphic
      @homomorphic 2 года назад

      Doesnt it bother you that the description of the doors is wrong (aircraft doors are actually plugs from the inside that cannot be opened if the pressure is not equalized and the reason for the fancy hinge is that the door must first be opened inward to "unplug it" and then rotated slightly to go back through the opening making it impossible to open if the pressure is not equalized).

    • @gerharddevos5562
      @gerharddevos5562 2 года назад

      @@homomorphic the description of the doors are correct. Perfectly described

    • @gerharddevos5562
      @gerharddevos5562 2 года назад +1

      He did a lot of research as you can see and appreciate

    • @homomorphic
      @homomorphic 2 года назад

      @@gerharddevos5562 no they arent. They are shown completely backwards. The wider edge is on the inside of the door not the outside as show in this video. The entire reason for the complex hinge is to bring the door first into the cabin, and then rotate and slide back through the opening.

    • @gerharddevos5562
      @gerharddevos5562 2 года назад

      @@homomorphic if you don’t mind me asking, what do you do for work?

  • @sailendrapamidi
    @sailendrapamidi 2 года назад +383

    I am an aviation enthusiast - this is simply superb video that given me a detailed breakup of a Jet Liner. Subscribed. Keep up the great job!

  • @LLTY1
    @LLTY1 10 месяцев назад +30

    I am neither a Pilot nor Aeronautical Engineer. Just a frequent flyer. This video really opened my eyes to the marvel of engineering called aircrafts. Now, each time I sit in the plane or when there is turbulence, I can understand why the crew members are not worried. This animation and the documentary is excellently produced. Thank you for the excellent work. Please keep it up!

  • @pratikdas1747
    @pratikdas1747 2 года назад +425

    Thanks a lot for putting this together!
    This is possibly the best the most detailed video I have seen and absolutely love it!

  • @gerharddevos5562
    @gerharddevos5562 2 года назад +128

    As someone that works in the aviation industry as a mechanic, I have to say your research and attention to detail are perfect. Best video I have watched with regards to the information being carried over to people.

    • @peterbradbury7072
      @peterbradbury7072 2 года назад +1

      Except for the door. he shows the door swinging out. It actually swings in, then tilts to go out. That's how the door cannot be opened because the cabin pressure is pressing it against the frame of the fuselage.

    • @gerharddevos5562
      @gerharddevos5562 2 года назад

      @@peterbradbury7072 you make a fair point. Yes the door does swing in then tilts out but some manufacturers use a different design for the same principle. Here is an example of what I mean. ruclips.net/user/shorts1tcIeiBCP4U?feature=share

    • @gerharddevos5562
      @gerharddevos5562 2 года назад

      Here is another one. ruclips.net/user/shortsEsHgtSTXa7A?feature=share

    • @PARAN0IDxGERBIL
      @PARAN0IDxGERBIL 2 года назад

      @@peterbradbury7072
      Is that how it works on a 767 and MD10 too?

    • @qigongkylar944
      @qigongkylar944 7 месяцев назад

      You like the job? I'm considering going to school for it. I'm just scared of fucking up and going to jail. I have experience on cars, it's still liability. I'm conflicted any advice?

  • @ChillWithAbhishek
    @ChillWithAbhishek 2 года назад +608

    I can't thank you enough for this video. As an aviation enthusiast who used to think that I have a fair understanding of all the systems, this is outstanding work.

    • @collinskwaning9004
      @collinskwaning9004 2 года назад +12

      You can say that again bro as you said this just outstanding work.

    • @Intolerantmoron
      @Intolerantmoron 2 года назад +5

      Pushpak viman?

    • @textmemanu
      @textmemanu 2 года назад

      @@Intolerantmoron get lost u fairy tale lunatic 😒😏

    • @cleverocean8527
      @cleverocean8527 2 года назад +1

      @@collinskwaning9004 which is cad used in all work

    • @collinskwaning9004
      @collinskwaning9004 2 года назад +2

      @@cleverocean8527 please which cad are you talking about, please I don’t understand, explain it

  • @noblemish113
    @noblemish113 Месяц назад +5

    It's amazing how such a complex piece of machinery can be presented in a way that even a simpleton like me can understand. Thanks a lot!

  • @codywaldron2486
    @codywaldron2486 2 года назад +192

    It feels almost illegal to watch this and not pay for it. Absolutely tremendous work. It’s appreciated by myself and many other I can assure.

  • @MegaLag
    @MegaLag 2 года назад +198

    Props to Jacob for incredible modeling and animation work!

    • @JaycobSirduke
      @JaycobSirduke 2 года назад +1

      Jake

    • @MegaLag
      @MegaLag 2 года назад +1

      @@JaycobSirduke “by Jacob O’Neal”

    • @gildinovic1072
      @gildinovic1072 2 года назад +2

      Imagine the amount of work to create all these animations... Incredible.

    • @Art_bor
      @Art_bor 2 года назад +1

      Megalag ? You here when new vids

  • @MiniMii550
    @MiniMii550 2 года назад +216

    This has been the most in depth and detailed flight safety demonstration I've ever seen in my life.

    • @newq
      @newq Год назад +5

      Yeah but it lacks the video of that really cute flight attendant girl on the American Airlines pre-flight safety video.

    • @ebenezerd.3701
      @ebenezerd.3701 Год назад

      bro how is life being a Ferrari fan? I bet it hurts every Sunday😂
      just jokes!

    • @jamesrosewell9081
      @jamesrosewell9081 Год назад

      @@ebenezerd.3701 F1?

  • @baizidyacine6315
    @baizidyacine6315 Месяц назад +1

    As an apprentice engeener at Airbus I would say that’s the best summarize video on how an jet aircraft works. Bravo for this work !👏

  • @Thoron_of_Neto
    @Thoron_of_Neto Год назад +309

    Having been into every compartment, hellhole, crawlspace and cabin of Airbus planes, barring the center tank, and I must say, you chose a wonderful example to use for this video! I took an 80 hour general familiarization course, that was less detailed than this presentation, and I got both my certification and bachelor's degree in the field of aviation mechanics (airframe/powerplant, and BS in aviation mechanic sciences) and in my 4 years of education, i never saw anything this thoroughly researched! Your dedication to correctly detailing all of the proper terminology from the industry is impressive! Thanks for going through the effort to put this together! I think this is going to be suggested material for my apprentice mechanic to consume when they have time!

    • @ocshaljufrian6109
      @ocshaljufrian6109 9 месяцев назад

      Try it bro, you can ride the highest speed train for the first time in Southeast Asia. The highest speed is 350 kilometers per hour, the Indonesian fast train Jakarta - Bandung, the newest, most sophisticated in Southeast Asia, the first,.,the way to the beautiful and comfortable and beautiful and cool and cool city of Bandung, thank you sis and bro.,Try it bro, you can ride the highest speed train for the first time in Southeast Asia. The highest speed is 350 kilometers per hour, the Indonesian fast train Jakarta - Bandung, the newest, most sophisticated in Southeast Asia, the first,.the way to the beautiful and comfortable and beautiful and cool and cool city of Bandung, to lembang is Ciwidey ,thank you sis and bro.~*~**~

    • @bash102
      @bash102 8 месяцев назад

      You must have an FAA license then 🤣🤣 doesn’t take much learning for one of those compared to EASA or CAA

    • @vanzell1912
      @vanzell1912 8 месяцев назад

      @@bash102you must have no license at all.

    • @bash102
      @bash102 8 месяцев назад

      @@vanzell1912 why’s that

  • @masternobody1896
    @masternobody1896 2 года назад +114

    00:15 Airframe
    03:43 Windows
    04:17 Doors
    05:30 Wings and flight control surfaces
    06:30 Secondary flight control surfaces
    08:10 Landing gear
    10:16 Engines
    11:04 Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
    12:14 Fuel
    15:21 Air management
    16:20 Anti-ice and fog
    16:55 Electrical
    17:58 Hydraulics
    19:52 Water and waste
    21:19 Emergency systems
    23:46 Crew areas
    24:36 External lighting and antennas

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +39

      Chapters are already in the description but RUclips's system isn't working on this video for some reason. Argh. I need to hit up their support to likely be disappointed again.

    • @geetanshgautam
      @geetanshgautam 2 года назад +32

      @@animagraffs I think you're missing the 0:00 marker and that's why the chapters aren't worling.

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +57

      @@geetanshgautam Woah, that fixed it. What a silly error. lol. THANK YOU. I've got a perfectionist streak in me, and this was driving me nuts.

    • @JB-mb6lm
      @JB-mb6lm 2 года назад +10

      @@animagraffs dude this video IS perfect

    • @Wotdafuk
      @Wotdafuk 2 года назад +5

      @@animagraffs they re working fine with me.

  • @no_360scope
    @no_360scope 2 года назад +78

    I always wanted to know how this worked. Animations like this really make me appreciate all the hard work and engineering to make these planes. I want to thank you for this.

  • @parinpatel5719
    @parinpatel5719 9 дней назад +1

    This is the type of content creator who deserves millions of subscribers! As an aerospace engineering student, your video helped me all the way during my capstone courses...please do not stop making videos like this!

  • @Direkin
    @Direkin Год назад +90

    Incredible level of detail. As someone who has spent a lot of time working in CAD and 3D modelling, the amount of time you must have put into this is just... wow!

  • @DaveMorris128
    @DaveMorris128 2 года назад +45

    I thought I knew about all of these components over years of being and backseat aviation enthusiast but I'm not sure if I'm more impressed about the complete and impressive graphical explanation front to back...or the fact that I've learned a ton of facts about the mechanics I thought I knew

  • @alexander-kirk
    @alexander-kirk 2 года назад +212

    Excellent excellent excellent! The quality of the animation and carefully placed narration makes this so engaging for the layperson yet still educational even for the aviation enthusiast!

    • @CeeJayDee94
      @CeeJayDee94 2 года назад +2

      A lot of the sentences aren’t even complete? What do you mean carefully placed narration? It’s an actor reading a script that was written by someone who’s first language isn’t English.
      Impressive animation though, I’ll give them that.

    • @AmritenduRana31082000
      @AmritenduRana31082000 2 года назад +5

      @@CeeJayDee94 you do it instead of anonymously critiquing everyone.grass feels always greener on the other side lol

  • @nationalelectronicssrilanka
    @nationalelectronicssrilanka 6 месяцев назад +8

    'm a retired airline captain with 40 years of aviation behind me. In all that time and the multiple ground schools for each aircraft flown, I have never seen such a well made aircraft overview. The fact that the script used such a high level of exact aviation and aircraft systems terminology, in such a logical presentation and animations; shows a level of understanding equal to anything I've ever seen in aviation training. Too bad all the various ground schools I've sat through didn't start with a video like this.
    Well Done!Having been into every compartment, hellhole, crawlspace and cabin of Airbus planes, barring the center tank, and I must say, you chose a wonderful example to use for this video! I took an 80 hour general familiarization course, that was less detailed than this presentation, and I got both my certification and bachelor's degree in the field of aviation mechanics (airframe/powerplant, and BS in aviation mechanic sciences) and in my 4 years of education, i never saw anything this thoroughly researched! Your dedication to correctly detailing all of the proper terminology from the industry is impressive! Thanks for going through the effort

  • @MatCendana
    @MatCendana 2 года назад +29

    This is among the channels that make RUclips the greatest source of knowledge in human history. Thank you for your great work. I certainly hope you are getting/will get the rewards, especially financially. It's such a shame that so many channels with frivolous channel get a lot of views and returns while those that actually contribute towards human understanding and advancement might not.
    --Petaling Jaya, Malaysia

  • @Yakuits
    @Yakuits 2 года назад +23

    I just finished studying to become an aircraft maintenence technician and I have to say that this video is incredible good. It portraits most of the systems very well and in a simple way. I can't imagine how much time you've must have spent to learn all this, unless you were already this knowledgeable in the field. Great work.

  • @brandycarter9829
    @brandycarter9829 2 года назад +8

    When I first started to become interested in aircrafts & aviation, I went to my local library and spent several days searching for a book that could define & give an overview of all of the aircraft's systems for me. I never did find it, and ended up having to piece together my knowledge very slowly from many different sources. If only this video had been around back then! This is the absolute best comprehensive overview on a fixed-wing aircraft I have ever seen. 25 minutes of clear, easily digestible information - I was envisioning something EXACTLY like this video during my long search at the library many years ago. If you are interested in aviation, this video is a mandatory must-watch! Thank you Animagraffs!

  • @kiransajith007
    @kiransajith007 Год назад +14

    Videos like these are more valuable than the one we teach at school.This should be the future of our educational system.

  • @easypimpin123
    @easypimpin123 2 года назад +38

    Not once have I ever been shown a video like this in high school. And I literally took engineering and CAD classes. A video like this is a perfect example of practical real world knowledge about a machine that everyone interacts with. This could have set 9th grade me on a path to work at Boeing or the Air Force.

  • @SJR_Media_Group
    @SJR_Media_Group 2 года назад +97

    I used to work at Boeing in both Commercial and Military aircraft. This is remarkably accurate. Thank you for the huge amount of research and time needed to produce this video.

  • @kevinvoorheis1990
    @kevinvoorheis1990 2 года назад +30

    Airline Pilot here…amazing work! I cannot begin to understand the amount of work you put into this. The fact that you are not a pilot blows my mind.

    • @moeelza7816
      @moeelza7816 2 года назад +1

      Dude...... you think only pilots understand how planes work? What about the engineers and technicians?

    • @mooneymooney251
      @mooneymooney251 2 года назад

      Majority of Aerospace engineers are not pilots.

    • @kevinvoorheis1990
      @kevinvoorheis1990 2 года назад +2

      @@moeelza7816 he’s not an engineer or technician either

    • @TheMrRoOpS
      @TheMrRoOpS Год назад +2

      People just like to argue Kevin, don’t answer them. We all knew what you meant.

  • @jonathan1636
    @jonathan1636 7 месяцев назад +1321

    Someone send this to Boeing

    • @pilotboy217
      @pilotboy217 7 месяцев назад +45

      You who know nothing about airplane maintenance to be spewing out nonsense.

    • @matts7653
      @matts7653 7 месяцев назад +187

      @@pilotboy217 Haven’t seen a joke before huh?

    • @neutrino1011
      @neutrino1011 7 месяцев назад +23

      I kind off wish he talked about door plugs

    • @sumchipstarchy5469
      @sumchipstarchy5469 7 месяцев назад +40

      @@pilotboy217 Boeing isn’t exactly doing great on their planes rn 😂

    • @Morecreativemind
      @Morecreativemind 7 месяцев назад +13

      @@pilotboy217 Obviously a joke.

  • @55oblivion55
    @55oblivion55 2 года назад +40

    Holy crap... This is REALY well done! I'm super impressed by the use of proper terminology and the explanation of how different "subsystems" work in connection. I'm an aircraft engineer from Germany and have been working on A330s and 737s for years, currently studying for my 'CAT B' license. I know these planes inside out. Anyone interested in going into aviation (especially piloting, engineering or mechanics) should watch this video. My professors couldn't explain these systems in a simpler, yet accurate way, than has been accomplished with this video.
    Obviously there's much more depth to each topic than can be conveyed in a year of studying, let alone a 25min video, but this is the best attempt at doing so I have ever seen. Good job!

  • @john2k24
    @john2k24 2 года назад +34

    As an airline AP mechanic this is amazingly done. Are you in aviation? If not I can’t imagine the time it took to research all these ATA chapters you covered and with such accuracy. There’s a few things I could nit pick on but it’s not even worth it because the video was so incredibly well done. Bravo. Can’t wait for the flight deck one. Definitely earned a new subscriber!

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +26

      Wes ONeal chiming in here... as the main researcher on the project, I have to admit that no, I'm not in aviation. I just like diving into complex subjects and doing my best to describe them as accurately as possible :)
      That being said, I did have a slight advantage on this one as one of our sisters is a pilot and flies this airplane; when I would get stuck on something, I could ask her a few questions here and there to get more clarity. It was a blast learning about all of this stuff!

    • @ShakeyBalance
      @ShakeyBalance 2 года назад +3

      @@animagraffs what aircraft is this modeled after? It seems like it has portions of B787 and A350 but it only has 6 landing gear wheels. As opposed to 10 that those each have, among other chief differences. Also interested to find out which aircraft have nose wheel brakes?
      This was an extremely informative video as it really excellently shows what systems a particular airframe MIGHT have, as they are all so very unique in their own ways, but gives you enough knowledge that if you wanted to learn the airframe you will already have an excellent X-Ray view of what it looks like. It was difficult at first as an A&P to look at an aircraft and see what was inside of it rather than just see the skin, engines, and wings. Again thanks for the great video

    • @Persocondes
      @Persocondes 2 года назад +1

      would be cool to add the Ram Air Turbine into the animation as well! awesome presentation! thanks for your hard work!

    • @Spotterq-rz3nq
      @Spotterq-rz3nq 2 года назад +4

      @@ShakeyBalance looks like an A220-100 to me

    • @EC-oe9bv
      @EC-oe9bv 2 года назад +3

      @@ShakeyBalance It's an A220

  • @nafismalik9621
    @nafismalik9621 2 года назад +14

    Understanding how a plane works is impressive. But what is even more impressive, is your animations. Thank you for all the work you put into these videos!

  • @koyosu
    @koyosu Год назад +18

    The quality of this video amazed me even more than the complexity of the aircraft

    • @lowlowseesee
      @lowlowseesee 6 месяцев назад +1

      exactly what i said lol

  • @ParthaDuttaER
    @ParthaDuttaER Год назад +11

    We need this quality videos for all technologies and preserve them well, include them in student curriculum, update them frequently. As a fellow 3D design enthusiast I can't imagine the amount of time and effort taken to go through all the schematics, documentations to create the components, assembling, visualizing the flow, story-boarding, rendering and god knows what! What an absolutely brilliant work!

  • @CurtisCT
    @CurtisCT 2 года назад +21

    What can I say, this video took my breath away! I kept shaking my head the whole time while watching this, HUMBLED by the attention to detail, the time, the sweat, the care it must have taken to produce such a spectacular video. Never has so much knowledge been so easily available at the tip of the finger - I am truly thankful to be alive in the 21st century. These are glorious times for nerds like me!

  • @Leanzazzy
    @Leanzazzy Год назад +19

    Every video of yours is a national treasure. I feel awed and humbled by just how staggeringly complex an aeroplane actually is and how many mechanisms work seamlessly together to deliver the smooth experience we know.

  • @flaviof.ribeiro5935
    @flaviof.ribeiro5935 Год назад +8

    I'm blown away by your work. I'm sure that not even the aircraft manufacturer has a video explaining their product with this level of quality. Congrats!!! just Wow

  • @nonamernobrainer846
    @nonamernobrainer846 2 года назад +14

    Not only these animations are phenomenal, they show how planes are absolutely magnificent feats of humanity and engeneering. Amazing job!

  • @naturallyherb
    @naturallyherb 2 года назад +42

    Love how you chose the Airbus A220 for this video! Such a comfortable, efficient, and underrated aircraft that deserves more recognition!

    • @Greippi10
      @Greippi10 2 года назад +1

      I didn't know the A220 leaves the wheels out in the open. Not that it matters, I just wish they had covered them for the sake of looks...

    • @yummysatay
      @yummysatay 2 года назад +8

      @@Greippi10 737 Max has this feature too. Less moving parts such as doors = less weight and maintenance. The outside of one of the wheels serves as cover.

    • @Greippi10
      @Greippi10 2 года назад +2

      @@yummysatay 737 is known for that, I just thought it was a unicorn. It's such an eyesore :D

    • @yummysatay
      @yummysatay 2 года назад +1

      @@Greippi10 You will get used to it as I. The wheel wells on the A220 are clean by design as seen on various youtubes. No visible wires or pipes. There are fire detectors to alert pilots of tire fire. I'm liking the A220 more and more.

    • @jacquesraymond6892
      @jacquesraymond6892 2 года назад +2

      Proudly conceived and built in Québec (Mirabel), Canada. Was the BOMBARDIER C series at it's origin.

  • @unityxg
    @unityxg 2 года назад +71

    I'm glad you picked the A220 (CS-100) for this. Im a huge Boeing fan but the A220 has probably been the smoothest aircraft ive been on from rotation to douchdown. Well done.

    • @basvanderhoek9293
      @basvanderhoek9293 Год назад +1

      The A 220, read Bombardier, is a from the ground up new aircraft. Its not a rediddled Caravelle or 737.
      What a wonderful website, thanks all.

    • @redstone0234
      @redstone0234 Год назад

      @@basvanderhoek9293 the A320 have nothing to do with the caravelle

    • @redstone0234
      @redstone0234 Год назад

      From thé engine to the fly by wire the A320 was far away from the modifed comet for shorther flights

    • @DartXL
      @DartXL Год назад

      Wow, how much this A220 of yours is similar to the Sukhoi Superjet 100 in its internal structure, right down to the location of each electronic unit. In Sukhoi they had to add a rack with electronics behind the chassis niche, because it did not fit in the front compartments. Did Bombardier/Airbus themselves come to such a decision ten years later? And you say "from the ground up new aircraft" xD

    • @Pw-f100
      @Pw-f100 11 месяцев назад

      I'd like to see this type video production of an old school md-80

  • @CharlesOle-yr7or
    @CharlesOle-yr7or 5 месяцев назад +2

    I'm an aircraft Engineer, worked on aircraft system almost everyday work. I can say, that this video is the best video that we'll explain aircraft system with CAD 💪.

  • @johnskarvelis6936
    @johnskarvelis6936 2 года назад +44

    Huge thanks for your time and efforts in making the most detailed 3D animation video of all systems running onboard a commercial aircraft. A real pleasure to watch and understand how these marvels of engineering operate.

  • @sourobiswas1411
    @sourobiswas1411 2 года назад +11

    Mind-blowing... I never imagine that this kind of video can be made .... you have made an entire book into a video .. I have been an aviation enthusiast for 9 years and read many books but this video just made me speechless .... Thank you so much & appreciate your hard work. This video gonna be used in the future to teach student Pilots and aeronautical engineers

  • @siro4194
    @siro4194 2 года назад +26

    Your turbine video was really amazing, I told my jet engine flight instructor to play it during class and everyone were amazed including him. But this one is even better thank you so much for this quality material. Consider doing the flight deck video about the Airbus A320 please!

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +7

      As you can see from this vid, the flight deck is already built, and we're sure not gonna let it go to waste! It'll be up on the channel in the coming months, for sure.

    • @SebPlaySpaceflight
      @SebPlaySpaceflight 6 дней назад

      Could you possible do a video about the wings and all the hydraulic systems in them? I’d love to see how different flap systems in different planes worked.

  • @lenningseaglespeed2125
    @lenningseaglespeed2125 Год назад +13

    I sat glued to this presentation from start to finish . This is beyond measure the most intuitive and well informed piece of tool on aviation I have ever seen . God bless you .

  • @ashwithaithal4087
    @ashwithaithal4087 2 года назад +102

    Oh my god!!! the amount of detail in this is crazy. Appreciate the effort man!! The only video i know so far which explains the complete working of an aircraft. Would love to see the workings of a rocket sometime in the future.

    • @apersunthathasaridiculousl1890
      @apersunthathasaridiculousl1890 2 года назад +1

      the detail is unreal

    • @LenstskyYT
      @LenstskyYT 2 года назад

      There's is a lot broh
      To learn more about how things work check @Lesics channel HTTPS://RUclips.com/c/Lesics
      Good luck 🤞

    • @monteiro5306
      @monteiro5306 2 года назад

      @@apersunthathasaridiculousl1890 Yes, it is !

    • @animagraffswes
      @animagraffswes 2 года назад +2

      A rocket would be fun to research! I'll add it to the list

    • @topethermohenes7658
      @topethermohenes7658 2 года назад

      Lots of details definitely but in total this is just maybe 10% of the actual inner systems of an aircraft

  • @davidgaron3979
    @davidgaron3979 Год назад +25

    As an Aerospace engineer for a major OEM this is incredible work. I was waiting to get to my system (fuel) and it was fun to see the difference between this aircraft and ones I’ve worked on!

  • @NT-qc8jp
    @NT-qc8jp Год назад +10

    As a ground pilot, aeronautical engineer and a pilot in training, I have to hand it to you. You work is magnificent and you've used all the correct terminology to describe the function of each part. And you've corrected a few things. Great work my friend.

  • @emmcee476
    @emmcee476 Год назад +7

    As a person fascinated with planes and who reads and watches lots about them, this is truly an amazing video. I'm now hooked to this channel

  • @dfolt
    @dfolt 2 года назад +18

    As a pilot and aviation enthusiast I dare say that this is the best thing I have seen on YT in all the years. A splendid and comprehensive introduction into aircraft systems and their functioning.

  • @theloyaltytraveler
    @theloyaltytraveler 2 года назад +86

    Kudos to your efforts that went into making this video at such intricate detail!

  • @Just_Dave_Mate
    @Just_Dave_Mate 2 года назад +61

    This staggeringly detailed and accurate. Here’s a little reward for the time and effort you put into this awesome bit of free education.

  • @dc7473
    @dc7473 Год назад +7

    I love these videos because they assume that viewers are intelligent. I’m not an engineer and I’m not a dope. I’m in that middle ground with plenty of others where we know too much for most technical education content series, and too little for industry content. Thank you for making these.

  • @alanfarrugia9751
    @alanfarrugia9751 2 года назад +44

    The windshield frame, the shape and the general proportions suggest this CAD model is of an Airbus A220. If the systems described here are faithful to the real A220 then this video could easily be used for type rating training. Well done.

    • @jarryxie
      @jarryxie 2 года назад

      At first i thought it was a 787

    • @LizardDoggo
      @LizardDoggo 2 года назад +1

      it is.

    • @stevesmith1731
      @stevesmith1731 2 года назад +2

      yes i work on cseries....a220 since begining and i can tell you it is a220

  • @SnoDawg
    @SnoDawg 2 года назад +30

    We sure could use someone like you in the flight sim community. Great animations. Incredible

  • @davidthomas4489
    @davidthomas4489 Год назад +110

    As a person who has a slight fear of flying, it's comforting to know the these aircraft have an amazing redundancy of systems. That's why it's the safest form of travel. Great video!!

    • @justgonnastay
      @justgonnastay Год назад +6

      The rigorous maintenance schedules and crew training are also a huge factor in safety.

    • @KingDudi16
      @KingDudi16 Год назад

      What worries me is the 15 minutes and 13 minutes of oxygen.
      If there's a fire inside, it must take more time to make a safe landing.

    • @pilotken8685
      @pilotken8685 Год назад +11

      @@KingDudi16 the 13 minutes is just for the time needed to get the aircraft to a lower altitude needed so pressurization is not needed and you can breath air from the cabin or open the doors in flight if there was smoke.

    • @KingDudi16
      @KingDudi16 Год назад

      @@pilotken8685 thank you so much for this insight! It didn’t occur to me at all. 13 minutes is generous in this case. I presumed the duration was only supposed to last till the plane managed to find an emergency landing area.
      Are the cabin doors just cracked open slightly while in flight?

    • @thedumbaviator5536
      @thedumbaviator5536 Год назад +2

      @@KingDudi16 The airplane bleeds air from the engines and pressurizes it. I would assume that they just pour the air without pressurizing. Also, 13 minutes is more than enough to get the airplane to a safe altitude.

  • @JayLikesLasers
    @JayLikesLasers 2 года назад +21

    This is such a well-organized summary of aircraft systems. I'm particularly impressed by how clear the animations are. Subscribed for life.

  • @organizedchaosmark
    @organizedchaosmark 2 года назад +17

    I’m not into aviation (at all) but this video is amazing. I’ve watched it several times after reading the accolades from enthusiasts and professionals alike. I am into 3D graphics and rendering, so the quality of this video and the immense effort in the production is not lost on me. I’m *definitely* subbed now and so look forward to watching more of your content!

  • @WarbirdPhoenix
    @WarbirdPhoenix 2 года назад +35

    This is so fascinating. I hope a ship presentation is already in the works.
    I can imagine how long that one is going to take to create.

    • @jcollinsg3
      @jcollinsg3 2 года назад

      A modern cruise ship would be cool

  • @salecksgheir44
    @salecksgheir44 8 месяцев назад +3

    This is where the genius of the human mind and its steadfastness are able to innovate and make things.

  • @Greguk444
    @Greguk444 2 года назад +6

    The most detailed technical video I have seen on RUclips. Amazing amounts of work to create this. Astonishing. Thank you

  • @cupofjoen
    @cupofjoen 2 года назад +7

    Despite some editorial mistakes, as a flight simmer that flies with realistic flight model simulator (not MSFS), who binge watches Captain Joe and Mentour Pilot repeatedly. I can tell this channel has well researched this topic down to the ground. And I'm impressed on how he explained things I'm already relate to.

  • @davidmackie8552
    @davidmackie8552 2 года назад +5

    Great work. My daughter is an aircraft engineer. She sometimes explains this stuff to me. Your documentary makes it all simple.

  • @tsarodavid9730
    @tsarodavid9730 Год назад

    How much work has gone into producing this. Wow

  • @GeneralCodyHD
    @GeneralCodyHD 2 года назад +6

    The amount of R&D needed to perfect such a machine is unbelievable. In an industry with razor-thin profit margins, I am proud to see how the human race can achieve new feats of evolution that our ancestors could only dream of accomplishing. In the grand scheme of things, this is a true test of capitalism and our ability to navigate through environmental, economic, and political turbulence - pun intended. Fantastic video, Animagraff!

  • @lysanderstan9234
    @lysanderstan9234 2 года назад +6

    The sheer amount of work gone into the research of this video is just unimaginable, like man... wow!!!!! I have seen a lot of videos on aircrafts, even a documentary of Airforce-1, and this is by far the most detailed video I've seen yet.

  • @jacksonemerson5181
    @jacksonemerson5181 2 года назад +8

    As a Certified Flight Intsructor, this was very well put together sir! Good job!

  • @СашаБатькович-и1г
    @СашаБатькович-и1г 5 месяцев назад +3

    A very good introductory video. That covers all the systems of the airplane. Speaking as an aircraft technician.

  • @eugeneorungbe8437
    @eugeneorungbe8437 2 года назад +7

    Honestly i have not seen any video like this before, i am so impressed and full of happiness and satisfaction. The graphics, presentation, and everything is breathtaking. Thank you very much sir for making my day.

  • @Jkay400x
    @Jkay400x 2 года назад +5

    Wow what a brilliant video. Can't imagine the effort you put to study, design, voice over, and upload in youtube. Hats off bro
    Mindblown actually

  • @ShivaPrakash
    @ShivaPrakash 2 года назад +11

    I can't believe you built almost the entire plane in 3D dude, well done

  • @Youhavenopowerherelucas
    @Youhavenopowerherelucas 2 года назад +8

    I was obsessed with cross-section illustrations as a kid. They just seem such a good way to make sense of machines in particular. This is brilliant!

    • @animagraffs
      @animagraffs  2 года назад +3

      Me too! My mom gave me Stephen Biesty's book about Man o' War ships. It was so captivating.

  • @dfens666
    @dfens666 2 года назад +10

    Great video. FYI- some of the video only applies to certain types of jets- this depiction looks like an Airbus 220. At 7:00- slats and flaps are retracted for climb due to drag. They are only used until shortly after takeoff (most retraction starts at about 1500 ft AGL) and are fully retracted for climb/descent for more efficient (less drag) operation.

  • @DirtFather407
    @DirtFather407 2 года назад +7

    I can’t wait for the video on the flight deck, nothing fascinates me more than seeing all the buttons/switches/avionics pilots have to use

  • @anilkumarsahoo5801
    @anilkumarsahoo5801 Год назад

    After watching this video, feels like I have completed a certification course on aviation.Great initiative❤

  • @Mike-hm2gc
    @Mike-hm2gc 2 года назад +13

    Wow, this is a true masterpiece. I can only imagine how hard it must have been to create such a detailed and engaging presentation, huge thumbs up to you, keep doing what you do mate!!!

  • @kolokolok
    @kolokolok 2 года назад +17

    Phenomenal phenomenal work!! One of my favorite channels on RUclips!

  • @free_spirit1
    @free_spirit1 Год назад +7

    Creators like you make the world a better place.

  • @juanpablonieto3854
    @juanpablonieto3854 Год назад +4

    This is the Best explanation video I have seen in decades about description of a plane’s systems

  • @Valve-Rayane
    @Valve-Rayane 2 года назад +9

    You’re an example of a good human for our and next generations, thank you for this incredible work and education!

  • @kokanovicuros
    @kokanovicuros 2 года назад +19

    Congratulations man! This video is AMAZING! As an aircraft maintenance technitian in training it really helped me to better understand the systems of the airplane. I cant even imagine how much time it took you to make this video including all the parts and blueprints. Thanks a lot and keep up the work!

  • @bceng89
    @bceng89 3 месяца назад +2

    I've never been jealous of someones animation abilities before but now i am.

  • @TunjungUtomo
    @TunjungUtomo 2 года назад +22

    I'm blown away by the quality of this video and the fact that I get to watch it for free! Keep up the good work!! You guys deserve a great recognition!

  • @hritikroushan6068
    @hritikroushan6068 2 года назад +27

    Thanks a lot to Animagraff for providing these videos full of knowledge.
    I am an engineering student and I really love this.
    Lots of love and respect from India.

    • @s.s20054
      @s.s20054 2 года назад

      why is 40 rs written on you comment
      can you explain ?

    • @sunilarkt
      @sunilarkt 2 года назад +2

      @@s.s20054 He donated 40rs to creator

  • @LizardDoggo
    @LizardDoggo 2 года назад +10

    Getting *this* much information on a relatively new aircraft, like the A220 that you modeled, is crazy. Amazing Work!

  • @goobfilmcast4239
    @goobfilmcast4239 6 месяцев назад

    This is just awesome. One Thing: I wish you would have done this Amigraff specific to a late model 737. I know it might have been considered a little unseemly to some... but in reality, the basic design is very sound and it is a safe and very airworthy plane. I think the problem lays with Boeing's management. Money/Time issues had more weight than Quality Assurance, re-training, pilots, techs etc.

  • @phuckhanhsongwriter1826
    @phuckhanhsongwriter1826 2 года назад +5

    Do you know how fantastic your video is? It overwhelmed me with every piece of hard work you have put into it. I appreciate you and your partner, the educational purposes of the video were extraordinary.

  • @yoga.adi3
    @yoga.adi3 2 года назад +5

    i didn't skip the ads just for appreciate the animator effort for making this crazy animation

  • @xCreepa
    @xCreepa Год назад +3

    I'm no engineer but this design and proficiency looks very welled engineered and the illustration of how all this works is amazing. Channel is top tier.

  • @KingEzeala
    @KingEzeala 7 месяцев назад +1

    You my friend, are a real marvel of description. I wonder which is better btw your narration and animation😊

  • @chard6649
    @chard6649 2 года назад +13

    This is phenomenal! As a student pilot, I value this greatly, and look forward to your next one on the Flight deck

  • @Fresh_6491
    @Fresh_6491 2 года назад +7

    Wow I am amazed by the level of detail put into this video. That Airbus A220 Model looked amazing! I cant wait to see the video on the cockpit!

  • @kpgn_88
    @kpgn_88 2 года назад +20

    A wonderful and most informative video that I’ve ever seen. Thanks!